{"id":113669,"date":"2017-06-24T21:50:11","date_gmt":"2017-06-24T14:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=113669"},"modified":"2017-06-24T21:50:11","modified_gmt":"2017-06-24T14:50:11","slug":"kinh-chuyen-ve-nhung-con-ca-lon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/kinh-chuyen-ve-nhung-con-ca-lon-113669.html","title":{"rendered":"Kinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0 S\u1ef1 Kinh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n Tr\u00fac \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 Lan d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Thanh Mai – Thanh Nhi\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ngh\u0129a<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Kinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch: Thanh Mai – Thanh Nhi\u00ean<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe: M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0-gi\u00e0-b\u00e0[2] tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i K\u00ec Th\u1ee5 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean[3] thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh X\u00e1-v\u1ec7[4]. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo[5]:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1ea3o c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c k\u1ebbo b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u b\u1eaft nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf ch\u1eb3ng nghe l\u1eddi, r\u1ee7 nhau b\u01a1i qua ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 li\u1ec1n gi\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00e0n c\u00e1 v\u1ed9i b\u01a1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Th\u1ea5y c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang con v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u1ea5y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 l\u1edbn h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c con qua \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eaft sao?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00fang con \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1edbi kia b\u1ee7a theo sau!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c con s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i. S\u1edf d\u0129 ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c con tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y! Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y h\u1ea1i, h\u00f4m nay, c\u00e1c con ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i! C\u00e1c con kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 con ta!<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n c\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb ng\u01b0 \u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00e9o l\u00ean b\u1edd. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ec-kheo \u0111\u1eafp y, \u00f4m b\u00e1t v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c[6], d\u00f9ng ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u00e0o li\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c. V\u00ec h\u1eebng h\u1ef1c l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo l\u1edbn, th\u01b0a r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd nghe. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec7! Kh\u1edfi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1c l\u1ed9[7]!<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng do l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, t\u00ec-kheo n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00f3m kia kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u00e0o, t\u00ec-kheo n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. Kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u00ec-kheo l\u1edbn th\u01b0a r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

– H\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111i, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang n\u00e0y n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ec-kheo \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gian, vui s\u1ed1ng trong \u00e1i d\u1ee5c[8], \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ec-kheo t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho ma, ch\u1ea1y theo ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ma Ba-tu\u1ea7n[9], kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ebft, \u01b0u bi, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1, th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m ham mu\u1ed1n\u201d. C\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo h\u00e3y nh\u1edb k\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c t\u00ec-kheo hoan h\u1ec9 v\u00e2ng theo.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: <\/strong><\/p>\n

[2] B\u00e0-gi\u00e0-b\u00e0 \u5a46\u4f3d\u5a46 (S: Bhagavat): m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca.<\/p>\n

[3]K\u00ec Th\u1ee5 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean \u7947\u6a39\u7d66\u5b64\u7368\u5712 (S: Jetavan\u0101n\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dadasy\u0101r\u0101ma): tinh x\u00e1 \u1edf khu v\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u00eda nam th\u00e0nh X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la, thu\u1ed9c Trung \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (nay l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda nam Nepal), g\u1ea7n Sahet-Mahet \u1edf b\u1edd ph\u00eda nam s\u00f4ng Rapti. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

[4]X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 (X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c \u820d\u885b\u570b; S: \u015ar\u0101vast\u012b): m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u1edf Trung \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00ec qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u danh nh\u00e2n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u0103n V\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c. X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la n\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u00ean th\u00e0nh g\u1ecdi thay t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

[5] T\u00ec-kheo \u6bd4\u4e18 (S: Bhik\u1e63u): ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 t\u00fac; m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

[6] Kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u4e5e\u98df (S: pai\u1e47\u1e0dap\u0101tika): \u0111i xin th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[7] \u00c1c l\u1ed9 \u60e1\u9732 (P: asubha): ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp t\u1eeb trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u m\u1ee7, ph\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u\u2026<\/p>\n

[8] \u00c1i d\u1ee5c \u611b\u6b32 (S: k\u0101ma): ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tham \u00e1i, l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

[9] Ma Ba-tu\u1ea7n \u9b54\u6ce2\u65ec (S: M\u0101ra-p\u0101pman): ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi Ng\u00e0i s\u1eafp th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 cho lo\u00e0i \u00e1c ma l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch: Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ngh\u0129a<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (4) \u1edf t\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 (5), trong t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u00ec-Th\u1ecd C\u1ea5p-C\u00f4-\u0110\u1ed9c (6).<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cho ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 Kheo r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m con c\u00e1 l\u1edbn r\u0103n c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eebng r\u1eddi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c ch\u01a1i k\u1ebbo b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c b\u1eaft. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 con kh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 l\u1edbn, b\u00e8n l\u00e9n \u0111i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed3i, l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 d\u00e2y c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00e1, c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con th\u1ea5y, b\u00e8n v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1c con c\u00f3 r\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1 con th\u01b0a v\u1edbi c\u00e1 l\u1edbn r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00fang con v\u1eeba \u0111i ch\u01a1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c con \u0111i ch\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eaft sao?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 con th\u01b0a v\u1edbi c\u00e1 l\u1edbn r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u00fang con \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd ch\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng xa xa th\u1ea5y d\u00e2y c\u00e2u theo sau ch\u00fang con.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1 l\u1edbn b\u00e8n b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c con s\u1ebd b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 xa xa th\u1ea5y d\u00e2y c\u00e2u theo \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a cha \u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i b\u1edfi d\u00e2y c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c con s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u00f3 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00e1c con kh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1eddi ta n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ta.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 con \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ng\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft h\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u00ean b\u1edd. C\u00e1 con, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd, th\u1ea7y m\u1eb7c \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa c\u1ea7m b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, \u0111i quanh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef kh\u1ea9u \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n (7), \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng. Trong l\u00fac \u1edf l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00f4 song, s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u00e0o, th\u1ea5y v\u1eady l\u00f2ng b\u00e8n sinh nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c \u00fd, nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1c ra n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n, \u00fd, kh\u1ea9u, th\u1ea7y \u0111i quanh l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, b\u00e8n sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c, t\u1ef3 kheo b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef3 kheo. \u0110em \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0a c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo. Ch\u01b0 t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ef3 kheo ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1c l\u1ed9 (8).<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef3 kheo nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0y v\u00ec th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ee5c \u00fd, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb xa t\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u00e0o, th\u1ea5y v\u1eady b\u00e8n sinh d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m b\u1ed1c ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. V\u00ec th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7y b\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. Sau khi v\u1ec1 t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, th\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ch\u01b0 t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111em c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u01b0a h\u1ebft c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo r\u1eb1ng: “T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0y h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111i, t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa.” L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ef3 Kheo n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c, b\u00e8n m\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c, vui ch\u01a1i trong nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ma t\u1ef3 kheo thao t\u00fang, l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ba Tu\u00e2n (9) sai b\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed, u s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt kh\u00f3, th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00e1c th\u00fa (10), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh n\u01a1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111i ngay, nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3 kheo kh\u00f4ng nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo sau khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng xong hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) \u5927\u9b5a\u4e8b\u7d93 \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u01b0 S\u1ef1 Kinh : Ch\u1eef s\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u6545\u4e8b c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 , c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n hay truy\u1ec7n, Anh v\u0103n l\u00e0 story, v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u00ean b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ” kinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1 l\u1edbn “<\/p>\n

2) N\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac \u5929\u7afa : Trong \u5c71\u6d77\u7ecf S\u01a1n H\u1ea3i Kinh, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u6218\u56fd Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c (476 TCN – 221 TCN ) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9c \u8eab\u6bd2\u56fd \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c, trong S\u1eed K\u00fd \u53f2\u8bb0 (109 TCN – 91 TCN ) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9c. Ch\u1eef Th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Sindhu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef Sindhu l\u00e0 Indus, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra ch\u1eef Indu . Ch\u01b0 Sindhu c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong 4 con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Indian subcontinent ). Danh t\u1eeb Th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c quanh con s\u00f4ng Sindhu , nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Vichavapura th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 (Persian) th\u00ec l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi Indus l\u00e0 Hindu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf b\u00ean kia b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Indus. H\u00e1n v\u0103n phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef Hindu l\u00e0 \u5929\u7afa, t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch \u540e\u6c49\u4e66 H\u1eadu H\u00e1n Th\u01b0 ( 398 CN – 445 CN ) . H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u00f2n phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef Sindhu l\u00e0 T\u00edn \u0110\u1ed9 \u4fe1\u5ea6, Hi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1eadu \u8ce2\u8c46, T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea7u \u8f9b\u982d trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea7y \u7384\u5958 Huy\u1ec1n Trang (602CN – 664CN ) sau khi du h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb India v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u5370\u5ea6 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3) Tr\u00fac \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 Lan \u7afa\u66c7\u7121\u862d : T\u1ef3 kheo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac, \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 Lan l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Dharmaraksa. T\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Ch\u00e1nh \u6cd5\u6b63. T\u00ean c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i Tam B\u1ea3o K\u00fd ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea9y\u6b77\u4ee3\u4e09\u5bf6\u8a18\u4e03 , Khai Nguy\u00ean L\u1ee5c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba \u958b\u5143\u9304\u4e09 v\u00e0 Trinh Nguy\u00ean Luc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m \u8c9e\u5143\u9304\u4e94. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Kinh l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch kinh s\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u01b0 n\u0103m 381 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 395, \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n. Th\u1ea7y d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n sang H\u00e1n v\u0103n. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n trong H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 27 b\u00e0i ( Kinh s\u1ed1 : 22, 42, 58, 62, 71, 86, 106, 116, 139, 143, 148, 216, 393, 494,504, 510, 538, 741, 742, 743, 796, 1327, 1352, 1378a, 1352, 1391 ) .<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef Tr\u00fac\u7afa l\u00e0 h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac \u5929\u7afa, g\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u00fac th\u1ed5 \u7afa\u571f, hay g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Tr\u00fac \u7afa, nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea7n (351 – 394), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tu theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt , \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh theo h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, b\u1ecf t\u00ean m\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p danh do th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7t cho. V\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo th\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd Tr\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo th\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec7t Chi l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd Chi…\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ea7n, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea1o An \u9053\u5b89 (313-385) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ef3 kheo l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd Th\u00edch, ch\u01b0 t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Th\u00edch Ca Sakya, h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m h\u1ecd. Theo Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 21 : B\u1ed1n s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n mang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m h\u1ecd l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a S\u00e1t L\u1ee3i, b\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, c\u01b0 s\u0129 xu\u1ed1ng t\u00f3c theo \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai, quy \u00fd tam b\u1ea3o, xu\u1ea5t gia h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n h\u1ecd m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sa m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca….V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n h\u1ecd xu\u1ed1ng t\u00f3c, l\u1ea5y long ki\u00ean tr\u00ec xu\u1ea5t gia h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00ean b\u1ecf t\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca. ( T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m Kinh nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft : T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0 nh\u1eadp h\u1ea3i, di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 b\u1ea3n danh t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea3n danh vi h\u1ea3i. th\u1eed di\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb, h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 t\u00e1nh, v\u00e2n h\u00e0 vi t\u1ee9 ? S\u00e1t l\u1ee3i, b\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gia, c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ee7ng. \u01af Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1edf th\u1ebf tr\u1eeb tu ph\u00e1t, tam ph\u00e1p y, xu\u1ea5t gia h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n sa m\u00f4n Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ( trung l\u01b0\u1ee3c )Th\u1ecb c\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo, ch\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 t\u00e1nh th\u1ebf tr\u1eeb tu ph\u00e1p, d\u0129 t\u00edn ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t gia h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3, b\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n danh t\u1ef1, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed . \u589e\u4e00\u963f\u542b\u7d93\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u66f0 : ” \u56db\u5927\u6cb3\u5165\u6d77, \u4ea6\u7121\u672c\u540d\u5b57, \u4f46\u540d\u70ba\u6d77, \u6b64\u4ea6\u5982\u662f. \u6709\u56db\u59d3, \u4e91\u4f55\u70ba\u56db? \u524e\u5229, \u5a46\u7f85\u9580, \u9577\u8005, \u5c45\u58eb\u7a2e\u3002\u65bc\u5982\u4f86\u6240\u5243\u9664\u9b1a\u9aee, \u4e09\u6cd5\u8863, \u51fa\u5bb6\u5b78\u9053, \u7121\u5fa9\u672c\u6027, \u4f46\u8a00\u6c99\u9580\u91cb\u8fe6\u5f1f\u5b50.\uff08\u4e2d\u7565\uff09\u662f\u6545\u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18,\u8af8\u6709\u56db\u59d3\u5243\u9664\u9b1a\u9aee, \u4ee5\u4fe1\u5805\u56fa\u51fa\u5bb6\u5b78\u9053\u8005, \u5f7c\u7576\u6ec5\u672c\u540d\u5b57\u81ea\u7a31\u91cb\u8fe6\u5f1f\u5b50. )<\/p>\n

4) \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n : Trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u5a46\u4f3d\u5a46 B\u00e0-Gi\u00e0-B\u00e0 hay \u8584\u4f3d\u68b5B\u1ea1c Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n bhagavat hay bhagavan, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u4e16\u5c0aTh\u1ebf T\u00f4n. Ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 the blessed one hay the world honored one. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 10 danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. 9 danh hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 : \u5982\u4f86 Nh\u01b0 Lai, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tathagata, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 thus come. \u61c9\u4f9b \u1ee8ng cung, Arhat, Worthy of respect. \u6b63\u904d\u77e5 Ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri, Samyak-Sambuddha, correctly Enlightened. \u660e\u884c\u8db3 Minh h\u00e0nh t\u00fac, Vidya-carana-sampanna, Perfect in Wisdom and Action. \u5584\u901d Thi\u1ec7n th\u1ec7, Sugata, Well gone. \u4e16\u9593\u89e3 Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i, Lokavid, Knower of the Secular World. \u7121\u4e0a\u58eb V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u0129, Anuttara, Unsurpassed. \u8abf\u5fa1\u5927\u592b \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i phu, purusadamya-saratha, the Tamer. \u5929\u4eba\u5e2b Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u01b0, Sastadevamanusyanam, Teacher of gods and men.<\/p>\n

5) Th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 : L\u00e0 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Sravasti hay Savatthi, ch\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e3 V\u1ec7, th\u00e0nh X\u00e3 V\u1ec7 \u820d\u885b hay \u5ba4\u7f85\u4f10 N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ea5t La Ph\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Rapti. Trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kosala v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 hay n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ea5t La Ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc Kosala. Trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, vua c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vua Pasenadi, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Savatthi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt : Jetavana do Anathapindika tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o x\u00e2y t\u0103ng v\u00e0 Pubbarama do b\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 Visakha x\u00e2y t\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean 19 n\u0103m, gi\u1ea3ng 871 b\u00e0i kinh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nay. 844 b\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Jetavana, 23 b\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Pubbarama, 4 b\u00e0i t\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Savatthi.<\/p>\n

6) T\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u00ec-Th\u1ecd C\u1ea5p-C\u00f4-\u0110\u1ed9c: K\u00ec-Th\u1ecd C\u1ea5p-C\u00f4-\u0110\u1ed9c vi\u00ean \u7947\u6a39\u7d66\u5b64\u7368\u5712 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Jetavana. \u1ede th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Anathapindika ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00ec v\u1eady H\u00e1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o. T\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sudatta. \u00d4ng m\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7, nguy\u1ec7n gi\u00fap Ng\u00e0i x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf. \u00d4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm mua m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1edf ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh X\u00e3 V\u1ec7. Khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jetakumara. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00f2i b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ea5c \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea5c v\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn. Anathapindika \u0111\u00e3 mua khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y, x\u00e2y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jetakumara, con trai c\u1ee7a vua Pasenadi, quy\u00ean t\u1eb7ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1. Sau Vua Pasenadi b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n x\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y hai v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ean ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jetakumara v\u00e0 hai v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ean Anathapindika gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Jetavana l\u00e0m t\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 . Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, thi sau khi t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u01a1n ba v\u1ecb \u00e2n nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ean ba v\u1ecb trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00ean vua Pasedani \u1edf gi\u1eefa , t\u00ean ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jetakumara v\u00e0 Anathapindika \u1edf hai b\u00ean, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng cho \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam t\u00ean cu\u1ea3 16 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i l\u00e0 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. 16 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn, qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0…, 19 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n gi\u00e0 lam \u4f3d\u85cd\u795e c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u1eef gi\u00e0 lam l\u00e0 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n asram, ch\u1eef asram c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft ch\u1ee7a ch\u1eef asrama , H\u00e1n v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u00e0 lam ma c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tu vi\u00ean. Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00e0 Lam ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tr\u00f4ng coi tu vi\u1ec7n. V\u01b0\u1eddn Jetavana : H\u00e1n v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 K\u1ef3 Th\u1ee5 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean, c\u00f2n goi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean, K\u1ef3 Th\u1ee5 Vi\u00ean, C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f2n phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef Jeta- Anathapindika asram l\u00e0 k\u00ec ho\u00e0n A-nan b\u00e2n ch\u00ec a lam. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y 19 n\u0103m, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 844 b\u00e0i kinh . V\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh \u1edf th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u00c1 D\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng ( Ashoka) . Sau khi ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u \u00c1 D\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0110\u1ea1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n ( Fa Hien) \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 trong t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u01b0 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII, khi th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Huy\u1ec1n Trang ( Hsuan Chwang, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tam T\u1ea1ng) gh\u00e9 th\u0103m th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hoang \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XI khi H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung \u00c1 ( Central Asia ) v\u00e0 b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed3i Qu\u1ed1c, A Ph\u00fa H\u00e3n, B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Iran…V\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1ebfn 1863 \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng Alexander Cunningham c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Anh \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn Jetavana. V\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

7) \u8af8\u6839 C\u00e1c c\u0103n: Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 indriya, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 root, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ( faculty) gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 22 lo\u1ea1i c\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m : L\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u0103n (organ of sens), tam nam, n\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00ednh mang c\u0103n, ng\u0169 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u0103n (sensation, feeling), ng\u0169 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n (wholesome roots), tam v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u0103n (the three uncontaminated faculties). Trong b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ng\u0169 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

7-1 ) L\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u0103n, ng\u0169 c\u0103n : Theo \u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6 Du Gi\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n ng\u0169 c\u0103n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : \u773c\u6839 Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, \u8033\u6839 nh\u0129 c\u0103n, \u9f3b\u6839 t\u1ecb c\u0103n, \u820c\u6839 thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, \u8eab\u6839 th\u00e2n c\u0103n. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam \u610f\u6839 \u00fd c\u0103n v\u00e0o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u516d\u6839 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n \u773c\u6839 : \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 6 c\u0103n. ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Caksu Indriya. Ch\u1eef c\u0103n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i r\u1ec5, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00ec v\u1eady Anh v\u0103n c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 physical base. M\u1ed7i c\u0103n l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n : Ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n \u6276\u5875\u6839 v\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u0103n \u52dd\u7fa9\u6839. Trong nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1eaft, c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n c\u1ea7u (eye ball). th\u1eb5ng ngh\u0129a c\u0103n l\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ( eye sight). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n \u8272\u5875. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua nh\u00e3n c\u0103n s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o \u00f3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c \u8272\u8b58. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 6 c\u0103n \u516d\u6839, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i l\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 \u5167\u516d\u8655, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n , t\u1ec9 c\u0103n, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, th\u00e2n c\u0103n, \u00fd c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n \u516d\u5875 t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chung quanh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : S\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, thanh tr\u1ea7n, h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n, v\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n, x\u00fac tr\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n. L\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp \u516d\u5165, l\u1ee5c c\u1ea3nh \u516d\u5883, hay ngo\u1ea1i luc x\u1ee9 \u5916\u516d\u8655 trong nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o trong \u00f3c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c \u516d\u8b58\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1ebfm v\u1ec1 \u00fd c\u0103n \u610f\u6839, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hrd hay Hrdaya, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt, v\u00ec v\u1eady H\u00e1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e2m \u8089\u5718\u5fc3, hay phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u00e3n-t\u00ea-th\u00e1i \u6c57\u6817\u592a, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a cho l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o hay t\u1eeb trong sinh ra, nay ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong c\u00e1c kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tim, chung ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c.<\/p>\n

7-2) Tam nam, n\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n : a) \u7537\u6839 Nam c\u0103n : B\u00f4 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i nam, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 purusendriya. b) \u5973\u6839 N\u1eef c\u0103n : B\u00f4 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 stri. c) \u547d\u6839 M\u1ec7nh c\u0103n : T\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 jiva, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 life.<\/p>\n

7-3) Ng\u0169 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u0103n : (1) H\u1ef7, (2) kh\u1ed5, (3) L\u1ea1c, (4) \u01afu, (5) X\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

7-3A) \u559c H\u1ef7 : Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 priti, ananda, Anh v\u0103n dich l\u00e0 enjoyment, satisfaction. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u6a02 l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef h\u1ef7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i vui do tinh th\u00e2n sinh ra, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i vui do th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c sinh ra.<\/p>\n

7-3B) \u82e6 kh\u1ed5 : Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 duhkha, Anh v\u0103n l\u00e0 suffering, sorrow. Kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m : Nh\u1ecb kh\u1ed5, tam kh\u1ed5, t\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5, ng\u0169 kh\u1ed5, b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

a) \u4e8c\u82e6 Nh\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 : Theo \u56db\u5206\u5f8b T\u01b0 Ph\u00e2n Lu\u1eadt, \u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6 Du Gi\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n, \u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u00e2n th\u00ec nh\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 c\u0103n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : \u5167\u82e6 N\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u5916\u82e6 ngo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

b) \u4e09\u82e6 Tam kh\u1ed5 : Theo \u5036\u820d\u8ad6 C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn tam kh\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : (1) \u82e6\u82e6 Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 : ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 duhkha duhkha, Anh v\u0103n l\u00e0 ordinary suffering, c\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u01a1i nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh. (2) \u884c\u82e6 H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5, samskara-duhkha, suffering produced by impermanence, c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. (3) \u58de\u82e6 Ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5, viparinama duhkhata, the suffering of decay, c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

c) \u56db\u82e6 T\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 : Theo \u6210\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6 Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u00e2n t\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : (1) Sinh kh\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 jati-duhkha. (2) l\u00e3o kh\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 jara-duhkha. (3) B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 vyadhi-duhkha. (4) T\u1eed kh\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 marana-duhkha.<\/p>\n

d) \u4e94\u82e6 Ng\u0169 kh\u1ed5 : (1) Sinh l\u00e3o B\u1ec7nh T\u1eed kh\u1ed5. (2) \u611b\u5225\u96e2\u82e6 \u00c1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau ph\u1ea3i chia tay. (3) \u6028\u618e\u6703\u82e6 O\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 : Ng\u01b0\u01a1i o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t nhau ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p nhau. (4) \u6c42\u4e0d\u5f97\u82e6 C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 : C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c . (5) \u76db\u9670\u82e6 Th\u1ecbnh \u00e2m kh\u1ed5 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed5 : C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ng\u0169 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 : (1) Sinh, (2)l\u00e3o, (3) B\u1ec7nh, (4)T\u1eed, (5) g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m (shackle). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u0169 kh\u1ed5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i hay b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ng\u0169 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 : (1) \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, (2) ma \u0111\u00f3i , (3)S\u00fac v\u1eadt (4) A-tu-la, (5) Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

e) \u516b\u82e6 B\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 : Theo kinh \u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u5341\u4e8c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12 b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 : (1) Sinh kh\u1ed5. (2) l\u00e3o kh\u1ed5. (3) B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5. (4) T\u1eed kh\u1ed5. (5) \u00c1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5. (6) O\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5. (7) C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5. (8)Th\u1ecbnh \u00e2m kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n

f) \u5341\u82e6 Th\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 : \u83e9\u85a9\u85cf\u7d93 Theo B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng Kinh th\u00ec th\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 : 1) Sinh kh\u1ed5. (2) l\u00e3o kh\u1ed5. (3) B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5. (4) T\u1eed kh\u1ed5. (5) \u6101\u82e6 S\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 (6) \u6028\u82e6 O\u00e1n kh\u1ed5 (7) \u82e6\u53d7 Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd : \u0110au kh\u1ed5 do ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh g\u00e2y ra (8) \u6182\u82e6 \u01afu kh\u1ed5 (9) \u75c5\u60f1\u82e6B\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 (10) \u6d41\u8f49\u5927\u82e6 L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

7-3C) \u6a02 L\u1ea1c : Ch\u1eef l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c. ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sukha, Anh v\u0103n l\u00e0 happiness.<\/p>\n

7-3D) \u6182 \u01afu : lo \u00e2u, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 daurmanasya, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 anxiety.<\/p>\n

7-3E) \u6368 X\u1ea3 : X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u6368\u68c4 x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n th\u1ea3 (let go) , b\u1ecf \u0111i. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 upeksa, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 detachement.<\/p>\n

7-4) Ng\u0169 thi\u00ean c\u0103n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : (1) \u4fe1\u6839 T\u00edn c\u0103n, (2) \u9032\u6839 ti\u1ebfn c\u0103n, (3) \u5ff5\u6839 ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n, (4) \u5b9a\u6839 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n, (5) \u6167\u6839 tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

7-4A) T\u00edn c\u0103n : ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sraddha, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 faith. N\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m : Tam t\u00edn v\u00e0 th\u1eadp t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

a) Tam t\u00edn : Theo\u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6Du Gi\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n Yogacara th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn : a) \u4fe1\u5fcd T\u00edn nh\u1eabn, faith endurance, b) \u4fe1\u6a02t\u00edn l\u1ea1c, joy of faith, c) \u5584\u6cd5\u6b32thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1ee5c : V\u00ec tin n\u00ean l\u00f2ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kusala dharma cchanda, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 craving for the right dharma. Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u4fe1\u89e3t\u00edn gi\u1ea3i, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 having both correct faith and complete understanding in the Buddhist teaching.<\/p>\n

b) Th\u1eadp t\u00edn : \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 10 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong 52 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 : 1) \u4fe1\u5fc3 T\u00edn t\u00e2m, 2) \u5ff5\u5fc3ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m 3) \u7cbe\u9032\u5fc3tinh ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m. 4) \u5b9a\u5fc3 \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m 5) \u6167\u5fc3Tu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m 6) \u6212\u5fc3Gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m 7) \u5efb\u5411\u5fc3H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m 8) \u8b77\u6cd5\u5fc3H\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m, 9) \u6368\u5fc3 X\u1ea3 t\u00e2m 10) \u9858\u5fc3Nguy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

7-4B) \u9032\u6839ti\u1ebfn c\u0103n : \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 virya, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 zeal, excertion, diligence. Theo\u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6Du Gi\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n Yogacara th\u00ec c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i tinh ti\u1ebfn : 1) \u88ab\u7532\u7cbe\u9032B\u1ecb gi\u00e1p tinh ti\u1ebfn, excertion of donning armor 2) \u52a0\u884c\u7cbe\u9032Gia h\u00e0nh tinh ti\u1ebfn, exertion of application 3) \u4e0d\u4e0b\u7cbe\u9032B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1 tinh ti\u1ebfn, undaunted excertion 4) \u7121\u52d5\u7cbe\u9032V\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh ti\u1ebfn, immovable exertion 5) \u7121\u559c\u8db3\u7cbe\u9032 V\u00f4 h\u1ef7 t\u00fac tinh ti\u1ebfn, unsatisfied exertion.<\/p>\n

7-4C) \u5ff5\u6839 ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n : Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 smrtindriya, ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 faculty of mindfulness, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

7-4E) \u5b9a\u6839\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n : Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 samadhindriya, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 meditative concentration practices, c\u0103n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

7-4F) \u6167\u6839 tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n : Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 prajna , Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 wisdom, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

7-5) \u4e09\u7121\u6f0f\u6839Tam v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u0103n : Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ajnasyamindriya, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 three uncontaminated faculties, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 :<\/p>\n

7-5A) \u672a\u77e5\u7576\u77e5\u6839V\u1ecb tri \u0111\u01b0ng tri c\u0103n : Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 faculty of the power for learning the Four Noble Truths, C\u0103n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

7-5B) \u5df2\u77e5\u6839D\u0129 tri c\u0103n: Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ajnatavindriya hay ajnendriya, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 faculty of the power of having learned the Four Noble Truths, C\u0103n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft 9 c\u0103n l\u00e0 \u00fd, l\u1ea1c, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3, tin c\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 do th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 ra. One who already knows the indriya or roots that arise from the practical stage associated with the Four Dogmas, i.e. purpose, joy, pleasure, renunciation, faith, zealo, memory, abstract meditation, wisdom.<\/p>\n

7-5C) \u5177\u77e5\u6839C\u1ee5 tri c\u0103n : Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 faculty of the power of perfect knowledge of the Four Noble Truths. C\u0103n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

8) \u60e1\u9732\u00e1c l\u1ed9 : Ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 asubha, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 foul discharges. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ra nh\u01b0 : m\u00e1u m\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u00ean…Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u ( evil ) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00c1c l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a (antonym) c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef cam l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

9) \u6ce2\u65ecBa Tu\u00e2n : Ba tu\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kim ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Mara-Papiyan. Ma l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u9b54\u7f85ma-la, ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n mara. Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 demon. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Hoa, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u9b54ma ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u9b3cqu\u1ef7. Ch\u1eef qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Trong \u0111\u1eddi\u5546\u671dnh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng (1700 TCN – 1100 TCN) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u9b3cqu\u1ef7. N\u1ebfu ta \u0111em ch\u1eef qu\u1ef7 t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n \u4e3f,\u7530,\u513f,\u53b6 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef. c\u00e1i\u4e3fph\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u00e1i t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a con qu\u1ef7, Ch\u1eef\u7530\u0111i\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 to, Ph\u1ea7n\u513fn\u00e0y la ch\u1eef \u4ebanh\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea7n \u53b6n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ta b\u1ebb th\u1eb3ng hai c\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u51f5, h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu gom c\u1ea3 4 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t to, m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 4 l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e1t xin \u0103n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i. Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 hungry ghost.<\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1eef mara trong ti\u1ec1ng Ph\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 linh h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft (ghost) , v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u9b3cqu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong H\u00e1n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m l\u00e0 ma m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ma qu\u00e1i c\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch kinh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u78e8 ma n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m, ch\u1eef \u78e8 ma n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e0i hay l\u00e0 xay, nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef th\u1ea1ch ma\u77f3\u78e8 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ed1i xay. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi\u6881\u6b66\u5e1dL\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf ( 502 – 549 ), c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kinh s\u01b0 l\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u9ebbma k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u9b3cqu\u1ef7, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u9b54ma v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ma qu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Ma l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, t\u00e0 l\u1ef1c, t\u00e0 t\u00ednh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 d\u1ee5c… ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta tu t\u1eadp, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u00f9y theo kinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m \u56db\u9b54t\u1ee9 ma, \u4e94\u9b54ng\u0169 ma, \u516b\u9b54b\u00e1t ma v\u00e0\u5341\u9b54 th\u1eadp ma. C\u00e1c ma n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m : \u5916\u9b54Ngo\u1ea1i ma v\u00e0 \u5185\u9b54n\u00f4i ma.<\/p>\n

9-1 ) Ngo\u1ea1i ma : ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u5929\u9b54Thi\u00ean Ma, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a\u5929\u5b50\u9b54 thi\u00ean t\u1eed ma ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Deva putra mara, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 demon king, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ma ch\u00fang ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u4ed6\u5316\u81ea\u5728\u5929Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i thi\u00ean, Paranirmita-vasa-vartin. Trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ma nh\u01b0 Mahesvara v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m mara. Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u00f4i t\u00f9y th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e2t. Trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca Di\u1ec7p th\u00ec ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean l\u00e0\u982d\u5e2b \u0110\u1ea7u S\u01b0, trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Thich Ca, th\u00ec ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u6ce2\u65ecBa Tu\u00e2n Mara-Papiyan. Thi\u00ean ma c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7 Satan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Mara Papiyan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ma qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 ng\u00e0i, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Khi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i sai c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 ng\u00e0i, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e3nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed. Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

9-2 ) N\u1ed9i ma : \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 t\u00ednh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn… trong l\u00f2ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

9-3) T\u1ee9 ma g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 : a) \u7169\u60f1\u9b54Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ma, klesa-mara, do tham, s\u00e2n, si g\u00e2y ra. b) \u860a\u9b54u\u1ea9n ma, skandha-mara, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u9634\u9b54 \u00e2m ma, do ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n : s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra. c) \u6b7b\u9b54t\u1eed ma, mrtya-mara, g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00eat ch\u00f3c, demon of death, death angel ? . d) \u5929\u9b54Thi\u00ean Ma.<\/p>\n

9-4) Ng\u0169 ma : \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u0169 \u00e2m ma hay ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ma, do ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n : s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

9-5) B\u00e1t ma : a) Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ma, b) \u00c2m ma, c) T\u1eed ma, d) Thi\u00ean Ma, e) \u7121\u5e38\u9b54V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ma, f) \u7121\u6a02\u9b54V\u00f4 l\u1ea1c ma, g) \u7121\u6211\u9b54V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ma, h) \u7121\u6de8\u9b54V\u00f4 t\u1ecbnh ma.<\/p>\n

9-6) Th\u1eadp ma : a) Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ma, b) \u00c2m ma c) T\u1eed ma, d) Thi\u00ean Ma, e) \u696d\u9b54nghi\u1ec7p ma, do th\u00e2n, \u00fd, kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p g\u00e2y ra, f) \u5fc3\u9b54 t\u00e2m ma do\u6211\u6162ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, l\u00f2ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o g\u00e2y ra, g) \u5584\u6839\u9b54thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n ma, t\u1ef1 tin minh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tinh ti\u1ebfn tu t\u1eadp, h) \u4e09\u6627\u9b54tam mu\u1ed9i ma, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00fd x\u1ea5u ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, i) \u5584\u77e5\u8b58\u9b54Thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c ma, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hay m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, j ) \u83e9\u63d0\u6cd5\u667a\u9b54B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p tri ma, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nghi ng\u1edd nh\u1eefng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ma kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ma \u7a7a\u9b54 : \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 long kh\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. \u6b32\u9b54d\u1ee5c ma, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng v\u00ec ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, danh v\u1ecdng, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee5y d\u1ee5c ( ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9) … m\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

10 ) \u60e1\u8da3\u00c1c th\u00fa : Ch\u1eef \u8da3th\u00fa theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn. ( C\u00e2u x\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft : Th\u00fa v\u1ecb s\u1edf v\u00e3ng\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6\u4e16\u9593\u54c1\u66f0 : \u8da3\u8b02\u6240\u5f80 ). \u00c1c th\u00fa l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, Anh v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 the evil direction, or evil realms. Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 apaya. \u00c1c th\u00fa c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u60e1\u9053\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, \u60e1\u8655\u00e1c x\u1ee9 trong nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c th\u00fa :<\/p>\n

10-1) \u4e09\u60e1\u8da3Tam \u00e1c th\u00fa : Hay tam \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 try apaya , \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5c, ma \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u00fac v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

10-2) \u56db\u60e1\u8da3Th\u1ee9 \u00e1c th\u00fa : Hay t\u1ee9 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 : \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5c, ma \u0111\u00f3i, s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u00e0 a-tu-la (asuras).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n Tr\u00fac \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 Lan d\u1ecbch. Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch 1: Thanh Mai – Thanh Nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch 2: Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171758,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[109],"tags":[66,13,137],"yoast_head":"\nKinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n Tr\u00fac \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 Lan d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Thanh Mai - Thanh Nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ngh\u0129a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/kinh-chuyen-ve-nhung-con-ca-lon-113669.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/kinh-chuyen-ve-nhung-con-ca-lon-113669.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kinh Chuy\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 Nh\u1eefng Con C\u00e1 L\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n Tr\u00fac \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 Lan d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Thanh Mai - 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