Ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb: Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau, Nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee9ng, Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Thanh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, sao ch\u00e9p, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tham gia \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
Nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ed3ng tri\u00eam l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
H.T. TH\u00cdCH TR\u00cd TH\u1ee6<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Ai c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y gian kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng, v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1i Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong C\u01b0 tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n D\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2, x\u00e2y chi\u1ec1n th\u00e1p,<\/p>\n Ngo\u1ea1i trang nghi\u00eam s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e3y tu.<\/p>\n C\u1ee9ng h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3, nhuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb bi,<\/p>\n N\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Kinh L\u00f2ng h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0i Minh Ch\u00e2u H\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ca ng\u1ee3i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kinh trong Nam H\u1ea3i Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y th\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng song<\/p>\n B\u00e8n chuy\u1ec3n Kinh L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng thi\u00ean<\/p>\n B\u1ea3o hoa bay kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n b\u00ean<\/p>\n H\u00e0o quang th\u1ea5u l\u1ecdt d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n Thi\u1ebft tha gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch tan t\u00e0nh<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft t\u00f9 r\u1ea1c si\u00eau sanh m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n Ng\u00e0i To\u00e0n Nh\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong Thi\u1ec1n C\u01a1 Y\u1ebfu Ng\u1eef V\u0103n:<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1t x\u00f4ng<\/p>\n Ba bi\u1ebfn Kinh L\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m h\u00f4m mai.<\/p>\n R\u1ed3i trong Tham Thi\u1ec1n V\u00e3n, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n Ch\u00ed d\u1ed3i m\u00e0i c\u00f4ng phu l\u1ef1a l\u1ecdc<\/p>\n K\u1ebft tri \u00e2m gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecdc T\u00e2m Kinh<\/p>\n C\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eed tri sinh<\/p>\n S\u00e1 g\u00ec d\u1ebf l\u1ed7 r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7ng m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n Th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1, v\u00ec T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4 k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u00f4m nay t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n T\u00e2m Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba n\u00eau.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9. Cho n\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ra Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i T\u00e2m Kinh b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Minh Ch\u00e2u H\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung \u1ee9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u00e2m Kinh, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n theo th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 Devanagari, b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Vu \u0110i\u1ec1n, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Pali, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Minh Ch\u00e2u H\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2n m\u1eabn trao ph\u00f3. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1o mu\u1ed9i vi\u1ebft th\u00eam b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t. Ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Ph\u1ea7n ba d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n so s\u00e1nh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n, H\u00e1n, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Anh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7n tra c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u Tam B\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng minh gia h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e0 Lam, m\u00f9a An c\u01b0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n H.T. TH\u00cdCH TR\u00cd TH\u1ee6<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.<\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed! S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb s\u1eafc; s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb s\u1eafc; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed! Th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ea5t sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m. Th\u1ecb c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng trung, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c; v\u00f4 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd; v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p; v\u00f4 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi, n\u00e3i ch\u00ed v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi; v\u00f4 v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 v\u00f4 minh t\u1eadn; n\u00e3i ch\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u1eed, di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u1eed t\u1eadn; v\u00f4 kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o; v\u00f4 tr\u00ed di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n D\u0129 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ed1, b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa y B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 qu\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i; v\u00f4 qu\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 v\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1; vi\u1ec5n ly \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng; c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, tam th\u1ebf ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt y B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eafc a n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n C\u1ed1 tri B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u00fa, th\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa, th\u1ecb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00fa, n\u0103ng tr\u1eeb nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, ch\u01a1n thi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t h\u01b0.<\/p>\n C\u1ed1 thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a ch\u00fa, t\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft: Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la t\u0103ng Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. T\u00e1t b\u00e0 ha.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i khi h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a s\u00e2u xa soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.<\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed! S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eafc; s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed! T\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eb3ng sanh ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng d\u01a1 ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1eb3ng th\u00eam ch\u1eb3ng b\u1edbt. Cho n\u00ean, trong kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c; kh\u00f4ng m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd; kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p; kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi; kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh h\u1ebft; cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft; kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o; kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, n\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ng\u1ea1i; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, xa l\u00eca m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng a n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n N\u00ean bi\u1ebft B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 ch\u00fa minh l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 ch\u00fa v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n N\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u00fa B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, n\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng: Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la t\u0103ng Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, T\u00e1t b\u00e0 ha.<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n 1. D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. V\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1eady kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n sinh l\u1ef1c d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 do Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Prajn\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m. T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7, Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7, Kh\u00f4ng Tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 d\u1ecbch g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u00e0o trong Hoa v\u0103n l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m \u1ea9n trong ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Prajn\u00e0. Cho n\u00ean, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed hay tu\u1ec7 hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t trong ba n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c (c\u1ea3m n\u0103ng, tr\u00ed n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. Tr\u00ed hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n hay \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n, l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9i \u00fd nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. C\u00e1i b\u1ed9 \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ed bi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u1eabn x\u1ea5u ngay trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh \u00edt d\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd tr\u00ed \u1ea5y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, hay t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf tr\u00ed bi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ee7 s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Cho n\u00ean, t\u1eeb trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thanh t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed7ng l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1, trong su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa. V\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi ph\u1ed1i bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 soi su\u1ed1t th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng soi su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec mang t\u00ean Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng trong su\u1ed1t v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu c\u0169ng trong su\u1ed1t r\u1ed7ng l\u1eb7ng, tuy hai m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, tuy m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 hai. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Thu\u1ea5n nh\u00e3 \u0111a, t\u1ee9c phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef \u00cdnyat, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103ng? B\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng ch\u0103ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u00ec may ra m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, C\u00f2n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ra sao, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n Ai c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadt duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf, c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay trong c\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn hai h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng do n\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. C\u00f2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1ea5y do c\u00e1c duy\u00ean (prat\u00cctyasamutpda) t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3, d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh hay ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hai th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9ng minh cho tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadn l\u00fd b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p giai h\u1eefu v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 tam th\u1ebf th\u1eadt h\u1eefu, ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p giai kh\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tinh vi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay lu\u1eadn l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i sau \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ngoan kh\u00f4ng r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n th\u00ea th\u1ea3m. V\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn ra tro b\u1ee5i, c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4i th\u00e2n di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed).<\/p>\n V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p. C\u00f2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, d\u00f9 bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 loanh quanh trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc do thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, th\u00ec xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft. Nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tinh vi u huy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c \u0111i n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n Th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n ra qua c\u00f4ng phu tu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu s\u1edd s\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i s\u1edf qu\u00e1n (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) v\u1ed1n d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n (tr\u00ed) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 soi su\u1ed1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Tr\u00ed \u1ea5y m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (Prajn\u00e0).<\/p>\n D\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i do tu ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng do c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 un \u0111\u00fac n\u00ean. Trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ecfi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1edb b\u00f2ng bong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i do c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc. B\u1edfi v\u00ec B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba ch\u1eef h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn trong c\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n H\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1n. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu. Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy hai m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. B\u00ean d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean th\u1ec3. Ngay \u1edf n\u01a1i d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3. Th\u1ec3 hay d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc duy l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i do tu \u0111\u1eafc m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 tr\u00ed B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u01b0a tu hay kh\u00f4ng tu l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed n\u00e0y? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng phu? Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh tr\u00ed \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tu bi\u1ebft dung m\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thuy\u1ebft minh gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p th\u00ec v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. C\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng phu th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t Trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n coi nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn l\u00fd si\u00eau lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, do Long Th\u1ecd s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eb1m thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00fd n\u00e0y chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd v\u0103n ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, th\u00ec th\u1eed h\u1ecfi trong tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1t gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u00e1t gi\u00e2y sau. D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u0103m x\u01b0a hay d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi, tuy c\u00f9ng mang t\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng chung. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u00fang theo s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n s\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n, ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 si\u00eau bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. B\u00e1t b\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n c\u1eb7p t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u: sanh, di\u1ec7t; th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o\u1ea1n; nh\u1ee9t, d\u1ecb; lai, xu\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec, g\u1eb7p g\u00ec ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea5y, m\u1edbi s\u00e1t v\u1edbi l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf d\u0129 lu\u1eadn b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e1m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. H\u1ec5 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i n\u1ecd th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i kia theo hai m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t sinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec nh\u1ee9t t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t nh\u1ee9t th\u00ec d\u1ecb t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb th\u00ec lai t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t lai th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra. N\u00f3i b\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec sanh l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra, v.v… V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ebft. V\u00e0 khi mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. Thay v\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec n\u00ean n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t sanh. Thay v\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00ean n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v.v…<\/p>\n Ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Long Th\u1ecd ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. C\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c then m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadn l\u00fd n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n: ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ea5t sanh, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t t\u0103ng, b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m trong b\u00e0i T\u00e2m kinh. S\u00e1u ch\u1eef b\u1ea5t \u1edf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. N\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t sanh, t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i n\u00f3 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i, v.v… Tr\u1ecdn c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 tr\u00ed di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 d\u0129 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft minh l\u00e0 gieo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ed1i. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ef1c \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc soi s\u00e1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft minh su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng phu th\u00ec chung quy ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabm ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa: \u0111i gi\u1eadt l\u00f9i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u00eam c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3: \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu; tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 h\u00e0m \u1ea9n ngay trong gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, m\u1ed9t trong hai h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean sanh do ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n (nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p (ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch th\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3a hoa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 kinh Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i. Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n Chi l\u00e2u ca s\u1ea5m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 kinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m178 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. R\u1ed3i Tr\u00fac Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh Quang t\u00e1n v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3ng quang B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III tr\u1edf \u0111i. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V, La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean ta th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng du h\u00e0nh sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu g\u00f3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 600 quy\u1ec3n chia ra t\u1ee9 x\u1ee9 l\u1ee5c th\u1eadp h\u1ed9i. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn sau, s\u1ed1 kinh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n g\u1ed3m 720 quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai phong ph\u00fa v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft tinh y\u1ebfu th\u00ec thu g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i T\u00e2m kinh d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 260 ch\u1eef theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i La Th\u1eadp. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi hai nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n ghi b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p Long t\u1ef1, H\u00f2ry\u0169ji, trong th\u00e0nh Nara c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt. Th\u01b0\u1eddng hai b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n 1. Ma ha B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u00fa kinh, do ng\u00e0i Tam T\u1ea1ng C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Di\u00eau T\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 402 – 412 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n 2. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do ng\u00e0i Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u0103m 649.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i hai l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, kinh t\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n 3. Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 700. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u00e2m m\u00e0 ghi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef T\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n 4. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Tr\u00ed t\u1ea1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh do Ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec7t (Dharmacandra) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 732 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n 5. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, sa m\u00f4n Ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch; m\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i Thanh Long t\u1ef1, \u0110\u00f4ng Th\u00e1p vi\u1ec7n. Tuy tr\u00f9ng t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean, n\u1ed9i dung hai b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n 6. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (Prajn\u00e0) v\u00e0 L\u1ee3i Ng\u00f4n (Li yen) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 790 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n 7. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Lu\u00e2n (Prajn\u00e0cakra) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 850 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n 8. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 856. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1eeba t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n 9. Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft Th\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt m\u1eabu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do Thi H\u1ed9 (D\u00e3nap\u00e3la) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 980 \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean, kinh l\u1ee5c c\u00f2n ghi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n 10. Ma ha B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a Ch\u00fa kinh, do Chi Khi\u00eam d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 223. So s\u00e1nh t\u1ef1a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n La Th\u1eadp, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n 11. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a Na kinh, do B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi (Bodhiruci)d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 693.<\/p>\n 12. Ma ha B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 t\u00f9y T\u00e2m kinh, do T\u1eeb Hi\u1ec1n (siks\u00e3nanda) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 700 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n 13. Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh, do B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng (Amoghavajra) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 720 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh Trung Hoa, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ghi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean t\u00f4i li\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ph\u1ea1n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng; b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00f9a B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kinh.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i, t\u1ee9c Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0, s\u00e1ng t\u1ed5 Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng sang Nh\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh, l\u00e0m kinh nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng cho ch\u00ednh t\u00f4n n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, \u1edf Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kia ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hay tham kh\u1ea3o cho r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n. B\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00ec r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb x\u01b0a, ng\u00e0i Minh Ch\u00e2u H\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n, mang t\u00ean B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh th\u00edch gi\u1ea3i. Ng\u00e0i To\u00e0n Nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft trong Tham thi\u1ec1n v\u00e3n:<\/p>\n Ch\u00ed d\u1ed3i m\u00e0i c\u00f4ng phu l\u1ef1a l\u1ecdc<\/p>\n K\u1ebft tri \u00e2m gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecdc T\u00e2m kinh<\/p>\n C\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eed tri sinh<\/p>\n S\u00e1 chi d\u1ebf l\u1ed7 r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7ng m\u01b0a<\/p>\n H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ai \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i, t\u00e2m l\u00fd an t\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 linh c\u1ea3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh ngay ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng khi \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ec9nh kinh, d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gian kh\u1ed5, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1n t\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n cho b\u00e0i T\u00e2m kinh n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt, nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c oai linh gia b\u1ecb, ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng thi\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a y\u00eau tinh th\u00fa d\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tham h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Hoa, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ee3i sanh m\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y c\u1ed5 kim th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9. Cho n\u00ean, T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e2u xa m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng linh nghi\u1ec7m. Ai nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh t\u00edn \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong Nam H\u1ea3i Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m, ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Di\u1ec7u Thi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au van xin n\u00ean<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa th\u1ea5y th\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng song<\/p>\n B\u00e8n chuy\u1ec3n Kinh L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng thi\u00ean<\/p>\n B\u1ea3o hoa bay kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n b\u00ean<\/p>\n H\u00e0o quang th\u1ea5u l\u1ecdt d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n Thi\u1ebft gi\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u00edch tan t\u00e0nh<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea5t th\u00ed\u1ebft t\u00f9 r\u1ea1c si\u00eau sanh m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd<\/p>\n Th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y T\u00e2m kinh m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n 2. GI\u1ea2I TH\u00cdCH \u0110\u1ec0 KINH<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00e1m ch\u1eef B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 BA LA M\u1eacT \u0110A T\u00c2M KINH l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y. S\u00e1u ch\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m hai danh t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c Prajn\u00e0 v\u00e0 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, t\u1ee9c pramit\u00e3. T\u00e2m l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n hrdaya. Kinh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n s\u00cdtra. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean v\u0103n Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m kinh l\u00e0 Prajnpramit hrdaya s\u00cdtra.<\/p>\n B\u00c1T NH\u00c3<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (prajn), H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec trong Hoa ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n n\u00ean v\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p th\u00eam ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u1ed9t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m \u1ea9n trong danh t\u1eeb B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 cho lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tu h\u00e0nh theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba r\u1ed7ng l\u1eb7ng v\u1eeba su\u1ed1t soi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf tr\u00ed bi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng y nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i k\u00e8m theo.<\/p>\n Trong kinh lu\u1eadn chia B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. N\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p trong kinh lu\u1eadn hay nh\u00e2n nghe di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, r\u1ed3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a v\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh. Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, do n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00fd h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n v\u0103n t\u1ef1, trong l\u00fac t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xem x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. T\u1eeb qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u1ea5y, gia c\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c th\u00e2m s\u00e2u nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n, nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ee9t c\u1eed nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i ph\u00f4 hay im l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. T\u1eeb c\u1ea1n v\u00e0o s\u00e2u, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 theo ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u00eam n\u1ecd tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t n\u00eam kia; c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi r\u1ee7 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa b\u1ec9 th\u1eed, nh\u01a1n ng\u00e3, n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i, th\u1ecb phi. Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y. C\u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Trong ch\u01a1n th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Cho n\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp. Tuy hai m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, tuy m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 hai, v\u00ec d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca th\u1ec3. V\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n ra trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 xuy\u00ean qua v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, nh\u1eb1m khai th\u00f4ng th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1edd b\u00ean kia: ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a.<\/p>\n BA LA M\u1eacT \u0110A<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y La Th\u1eadp phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 ba la m\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 (\u0111\u01b0a qua s\u00f4ng, sang s\u00f4ng), hay \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n: \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia. \u0110\u1ed9 hay \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u00f5i sanh t\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang tr\u00f4i l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed. Ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u1edd l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. V\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1edd b\u00ean kia nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ee5 ng\u1eef ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 cho Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (\u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n) l\u00e0 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba m\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, con s\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u1eefa. Cho n\u00ean, b\u1edd b\u00ean kia v\u1eeba l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1edd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, ph\u1ea3i tu theo s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p ba la m\u1eadt (hay m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p). S\u00e1u ba la m\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tinh t\u1ea5n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (t\u1ee9c B\u00e1t nh\u00e3). H\u00e0nh tr\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1edd b\u00ean kia. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tu theo 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o hay tu theo n\u0103m ph\u00e1p ba la m\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1) ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n sau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1edd b\u00ean kia c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, Cho n\u00ean, ba la m\u1eadt B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong s\u1ed1 s\u00e1u ba la m\u1eadt. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. T\u1ecbch t\u1ee9c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u00f2n vi\u00ean t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn hu\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00ec vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ea3 hai (ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00fac v\u00e0 hu\u1ec7 t\u00fac) m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, b\u1edd b\u00ean kia c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1edd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. C\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec sao c\u00f9ng theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f2n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111ang tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u01b0a qua b\u1edd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u1edf b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng m\u00ea. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n T\u00c2M<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00e2m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng tinh t\u00fay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u1eb1m ngay trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft t\u1eeb tim (t\u00e2m) ph\u00e1t ra, ch\u1ea3y kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i quay v\u1ec1 tim m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m, Cho n\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean, tr\u1ea1i ra ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tinh y\u1ebfu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tinh r\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec hay m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec. T\u00f9y t\u1eebng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh x\u01b0ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1ea5y cho h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00f5i c\u00e2y. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ea5m b\u1ee5ng; c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ru\u1ed9t non v.v… B\u1ee5ng, ru\u1ed9t, l\u00f5i l\u00f2ng v.v… hay t\u00e2m, chung quy \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t ma T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t ma, T\u00e2m kinh hay T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a kinh hay c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, d\u1ec5 thu\u1ed9c. T\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i “gi\u00fap tr\u00ed nh\u1edb” v\u1eady.<\/p>\n Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kinh ru\u1ed9t B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, kinh l\u00f5i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 hay “b\u00e0i to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3”, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb m\u1edbi d\u1ecbch ch\u01b0a quen tai. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i To\u00e0n Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Kinh L\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n KINH<\/strong><\/p>\n Kinh l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef s\u0169tra, phi\u00ean \u00e2m tu \u0111a la, Tu \u0111a la T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2u v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n Tu \u0111a la so v\u1edbi kinh trong Hoa ng\u1eef, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tuy kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung hai b\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong Hoa ng\u1eef, nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi sau. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a danh nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef th\u00e1nh kinh huy\u1ec1n truy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, t\u1ee9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9). V\u1eady s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 kinh th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n Ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u00e1p (\u0111\u1ea1t ma, dharma) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o (t\u1ef3 n\u1ea1i da, vin\u00e3ya). C\u1ea3 hai nguy\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh h\u1ebft, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u do Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau gi\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh hai t\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang, Cho n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p gi\u00e1o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt. T\u1ea1ng ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 sau, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn. B\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1ng kinh.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, “B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: b\u00e0i kinh t\u00f3m th\u00e2u y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a tinh r\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00ean b\u1edd gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n “\u00c1N, MA NI B\u00c1T DI, H\u1ed2NG.”<\/p>\n 3. GI\u1ea2I TH\u00cdCH N\u1ed8I DUNG<\/strong><\/p>\n A. T\u1ef0 PH\u1ea6N<\/strong><\/p>\n Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a th\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i khi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a s\u00e2u xa, soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh (hay n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p, \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc khi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a s\u00e2u xa, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.<\/p>\n L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Tr\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh t\u00f4n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 hai m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu l\u1eddi T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 g\u1ed3m 260 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 d\u00e0y 720 quy\u1ec3n, th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 25 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f4 s\u00fac tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i T\u00e2m kinh. Ph\u1ea7n r\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft tinh trong l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/em><\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft danh t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa (phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Boddhisattva). B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh hay ch\u00fang sanh. Hai ch\u1eef gh\u00e9p chung v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh ra B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u00f9 th\u1eb3m xa kh\u01a1i. Trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc sai kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u d\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 50 b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba (trong th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba) tr\u1edf l\u00ean. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t. Trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eafng l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. Qu\u00e1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng chi kh\u00e1c. Trong Ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb r\u1ecb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong Qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf qu\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Avalokitesvara. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m hai ch\u1eef gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i: Avalokita c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n, chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn hay nh\u00ecn kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00e0 isvara c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3, v\u00ec c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Avalokitesvara l\u00e0 v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t chuy\u00ean tu h\u1ea1nh Kh\u00f4ng mong kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m khinh m\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngu h\u00e8n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t Khinh. Theo c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 chung trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n Do v\u00ec c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, Cho n\u00ean, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Avalokitesvara c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m, Kuan shih yin, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Hoa, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh quan s\u00e1t nghe th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i ta b\u00e0 n\u00e0y. L\u1eddi t\u1ee5ng “Nam m\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t”, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1ea5n v\u00e1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5 m\u00f4n thu\u1ed9c kinh Ph\u00e1p hoa l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m trong c\u00f4ng phu nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng tri\u00eau m\u1ed9 cho c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec1n (du h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 399 – 413) Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng (dh 629 – 645) v\u00e0 Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh (dh 671 – 695) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c k\u00fd, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y v\u1ef1c k\u00fd v\u00e0 Nam h\u1ea3i k\u00fd quy n\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Avalokitesvara r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i qua, t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Nepal, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n gian s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Avalokitesvara hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n nam, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t hai tay; ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean t\u00f2a sen m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t hai tay ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u tay, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi tay \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tay. Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 tr\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t (m\u00e0l\u00e0) v\u00e0 hoa sen (padma). M\u1ea1n tr\u00e0 x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Om, mani padme, h\u00f9m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 An, ma ni b\u00e1c di, h\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII tr\u1edf \u0111i th\u00ec B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Avalokitesvara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e2n n\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m, t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Trung \u00c1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1ng t\u1eed Quan \u00e2m, Quan \u00e2m Di\u1ec7u Thi\u1ec7n, hay Thi\u00ean th\u1ee7 thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n Quan th\u1ebf \u00e2m, B\u1ea1ch y Quan \u00e2m, T\u1eed tr\u00fac Quan \u00e2m, Quan \u00e2m qu\u00e1 h\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n \u1ede T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 spyan ras gzigs, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Nidubarujekei, v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quon sim bodhisattva. T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Kwan non (Canon).<\/p>\n G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Trung Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi \u1ea5y, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lokesvara, g\u1ed3m hai ch\u1eef Loka (th\u1ebf gian) v\u00e0 isvara, t\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m. M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m n\u00e0y v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ef1u, c\u00f3 bia k\u00fd ca t\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 900 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Potala. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng ghi r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Potala \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n. T\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma \u1edf Lhasa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Potala, v\u00ec M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tin r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t Lai l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2u S\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Tri\u1ebft Giang, g\u1ea7n Ninh Ba (Ningpo), n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf \u00e2m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 P’u t’o, t\u1ee9c Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0. D\u00e2n gian c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng r\u1eb1ng n\u00fai Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Nam H\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i, do v\u00ec qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng “s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc…” t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 hai m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i hai, Cho n\u00ean, ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t B\u1ea5t Nh\u1ecb Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, Cho n\u00ean, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. V\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n (theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n H\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a th\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n Khi h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a s\u00e2u xa<\/em><\/p>\n S\u00e1u ch\u1eef B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng r\u00f5 \u1edf tr\u00ean. Th\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. H\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. C\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng do c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc mang l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i do c\u00f4ng phu tu tr\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, do s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u, B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n Chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n Soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n Soi th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. N\u00f3i soi th\u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y n\u00f3ng hay l\u1ea1nh, ng\u1ecdt hay m\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng qua trung gian c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n v\u0103n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 n\u0103m nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eef u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 do ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef ki\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9 (skandha) ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. Ng\u00e0i La Th\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u1ea5m v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 che ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa th\u00ec d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u00fang, t\u1eeb t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do n\u0103m ch\u00fang, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m u\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp n\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i. Ri\u00eang t\u1eebng u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng; t\u1eebng u\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t trong t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung trong ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n Trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 l\u1eeda, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean x\u00e1c th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m suy t\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd cao c\u1ea5p. H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m \u00fd ch\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed. H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u00ecu k\u00e9o c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 nh\u00f3m tri gi\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u1eeba n\u00eau, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kia thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p. S\u1eafc t\u00e2m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n Trong th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 (atman) ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb b\u00ean trong b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u00e3 c\u00e1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111anh th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. V\u1ec1 sau, khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i A ty \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tuy c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam b\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c ch\u1eafc r\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, th\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u1edbi bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. V\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong hai h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tinh r\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean n\u00f3i soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\n V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\n Kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i. Kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch do ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n x\u00ed th\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5, bao g\u1ed3m sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, mong c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chia l\u00eca; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai do thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tai tr\u1eddi \u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, gi\u00f3 m\u01b0a … Ba l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 giai c\u1ea5p xung \u0111\u1ed9t, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, chi\u1ebfn tranh … T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1edd h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ch\u00fang chi ph\u1ed1i, nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i khi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a s\u00e2u xa th\u00ec soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u00e1ch kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai y\u1ebfu l\u00fd \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n B. CH\u00c1NH T\u00d4N<\/strong><\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, chia l\u00e0m ba \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n 1. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n 2. Ch\u1ee9ng minh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u1ea5y qua lu\u1eadn l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0<\/p>\n 3. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n I. NGUY\u00caN L\u00dd B\u1ea4T NH\u1eca GI\u1eeeA U\u1ea8N V\u00c0 KH\u00d4NG.<\/strong><\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed! S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb s\u1eafc; s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb s\u1eafc; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb.<\/em><\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed! S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eafc; s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/em><\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n riputra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chia cho n\u1eeda gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i (b\u00e1n t\u00f2a), ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n Trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p. T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1edd m\u00f3, b\u1eaft, nh\u00ecn, Cho n\u00ean, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, th\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3i s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng chi kh\u00e1c. X\u00e1c th\u00e2n \u1ea5y, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 l\u1eeda, gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Khi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c th\u00e2n. Khi ch\u00fang chia l\u00eca th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng x\u00e1c th\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, Cho n\u00ean, n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qua hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0.<\/p>\n Trong c\u00e2u “s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eafc”, hai ch\u1eef ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n c\u00e2u “s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc”, th\u00ec hai ch\u1eef t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chung quy c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tuy hai m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, tuy m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 hai, v\u1eeba n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1eeba x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n B\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c th\u1ecd; th\u1ecd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ecd. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c th\u1ee9c; th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p n\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng), m\u00e0 t\u1eebng u\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t trong t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng). V\u1edbi ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng. Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0o thai \u0111\u1ebb ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n II. CH\u1ee8NG MINH B\u1eb0NG L\u00dd LU\u1eacN TRI\u1ebeT H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ea5t sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m.<\/em><\/p>\n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed: T\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng sanh ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng d\u01a1 ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1eb3ng th\u00eam ch\u1eb3ng b\u1edbt.<\/em><\/p>\n Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb tr\u00ean, b\u1ea3n kinh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ta c\u00e1i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t trung \u0111\u1ea1o; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng sanh ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbch. N\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ea1ch ch\u1eb3ng d\u01a1, t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng th\u00eam ch\u1eb3ng b\u1edbt t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Ap d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau ra c\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec ngay trong c\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n ra mu\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay li\u1ec1n. Sanh di\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t sanh di\u1ec7t; b\u1ea5t sanh di\u1ec7t \u1edf ngay trong sanh di\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u00ea ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, ta b\u00e0 t\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra. Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ta b\u00e0 t\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb m\u00e0!<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t B\u1ea5t Nh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Theo: V\u1ecdng Nguy\u1ec7t T\u00edn Hanh, t\u1eadp 5, tr. 4429b.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Th\u1ecb c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng trung v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p, v\u00f4 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi n\u00e3i ch\u00ed v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, v\u00f4 v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 v\u00f4 minh t\u1eadn; n\u00e3i ch\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u1eed di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u1eed t\u1eadn; v\u00f4 kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o; v\u00f4 tr\u00ed, di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc.<\/em><\/p>\n Cho n\u00ean, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd; kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p; kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi; kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh h\u1ebft; cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft; kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o; kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc.<\/em><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 A H\u00e0m (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Trung v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 T\u1ea1p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9:<\/p>\n a. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (n\u0103m u\u1ea9n);<\/p>\n b. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung gian gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi (m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9);<\/p>\n c. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang r\u1ebd trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh ho\u1ea1t chung c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, v\u00ec tr\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m trong ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh l\u00fd m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (hay ch\u00edn nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo bu\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y).<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i khai th\u1ecb g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n a. 5 u\u1ea9n, 12 x\u1ee9, 18 gi\u1edbi (trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft);<\/p>\n b. 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, 4 \u0111\u1ebf (h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p);<\/p>\n c. Tr\u00ed (c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc).<\/p>\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong T\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Trung A H\u00e0m.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u00e1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00eam: 5 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, 12 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, 18 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu \u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean, n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu. D\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i tr\u00ed m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng l\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1t. M\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3. M\u00e0 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eafc. Ch\u1ec9 t\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4m \u1ea5p theo \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u00e0 khi m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng. H\u00f3a ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd tr\u00ed m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c chi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p, nay nh\u1edd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p lu\u1eadn l\u00fd ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed th\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec? V\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec 18 gi\u1edbi, 12 x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n 12 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 12 ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t. M\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1eafc, tai \u0111\u1ed1i thanh … cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 6 x\u1ee9 b\u00ean trong (6 c\u0103n) v\u00e0 s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (6 tr\u1ea7n) ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau theo t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ta nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Trong c\u00e1c kinh A H\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 th\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c x\u00fac nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n sau l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh 12 x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n 18 gi\u1edbi l\u00e018 khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 6 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 6 c\u0103n, 6 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 6 tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 6 khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 6 th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o xen l\u1eabn v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, Cho n\u00ean, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e012 kh\u00e2u l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho nhau v\u00e0 vin v\u00e0o nhau (duy\u00ean) m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n sanh t\u1eed ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng. N\u00f3i nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3i duy\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chi\u1ec1u ngang, vin v\u00e0o nhau trong kh\u00f4ng gian. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u00fd duy\u00ean sanh gi\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n A. Nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: 1 v\u00f4 minh; 2 h\u00e0nh;<\/p>\n B. Qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: 3 th\u1ee9c; 4 danh s\u1eafc; 5 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp; 6 x\u00fac; 7 th\u1ecd;<\/p>\n C. Nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: 8 \u00e1i; 9 th\u1ee7; 10 h\u1eefu;<\/p>\n D. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai: 11 sanh; 12 l\u00e3o t\u1eed.<\/p>\n 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, Cho n\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 n\u00f3i: kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o. Kh\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. T\u1eadp l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si. Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian. Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. C\u1eb7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n sau, v\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Theo: V\u1ecdng Nguy\u1ec7t T\u00edn Hanh, t\u1eadp 5, tr. 4268a.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n III. HI\u1ec6N TH\u1ef0C B\u1eb0NG H\u00c0NH TR\u00cc TH\u1ef0C T\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u0129 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ed1, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa y B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a c\u1ed1, t\u00e2m v\u00f4 qu\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 qu\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i c\u1ed1, v\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, vi\u1ec5n ly \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Tam th\u1ebf ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt y b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1eafc a n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/em><\/p>\n B\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a n\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ng\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, xa l\u00eca m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng A n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/em><\/p>\n C\u00e2u b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, x\u01b0a nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Tra v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n do ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u0111a sa m\u1ed7i na b\u00e1t ra t\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u1ea1, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n: t\u00e1sm\u00e3d apraptitvena (v\u00ec v\u1eady, do v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc). V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kinh c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Theo v\u0103n ph\u00e1p, c\u00e2u d\u0129 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. Do th\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch x\u01b0a nay v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u “th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp h\u1ea1” kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecfa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n ch\u1eef Bodhisattva, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 b\u1edfi ki\u00ean tr\u00ec s\u00e1u ph\u00e9p ba la m\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p tu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Nh\u1edd ki\u00ean tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y cho t\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec qu\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 chim trong l\u01b0\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 trong n\u01a1m. Ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n tr\u1edf t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi trong ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau. C\u1ea3 hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n tr\u1edf. \u0110\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ea1n nghi (nghi c\u00e1i), Cho n\u00ean, m\u1eafc ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eafc nghi ng\u1ea1i. V\u00ec m\u1ea1n nghi ch\u1ee5p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 ch\u1eadu chim l\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean l\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. M\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i th\u00ec v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m d\u1eady kh\u1edfi li\u00ean mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1i m\u1ed1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng xem c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa m\u1ea1n nghi ch\u01b0a? Hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 \u00fay ch\u01b0a? Ba l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n d\u1eady kh\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a l\u1ecdt qua, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111ang c\u00f2n d\u1eabm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, ch\u01b0a nh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi kh\u1edfi tu.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u1edd h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tho\u00e1t ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng nghi m\u00e0 b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u giam h\u00e3m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong. Sau khi gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa m\u1ea1n nghi r\u1ed3i, m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00f4 \u00fay. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 \u00fay r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa. T\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m tan bi\u1ebfn. C\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thong dong ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t), \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9: B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9).<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi ba tr\u1ee5 m\u1ed1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 m\u1ed1c n\u00e0o trong ba tr\u1ee5 m\u1ed1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00fd l\u1ed9ng ngoa ng\u00f4n, d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec l\u1ea1i mang t\u1ed9i l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n A n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n anuttara samyaksambodhi. A n\u1eadu \u0111a la (anuttara), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec cao h\u01a1n). Tam mi\u1ec7u (samyak) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng (b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh) hay bi\u1ebfn (c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp). Tam b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (sambodhi) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n. C\u00f2n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00ec d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i ra c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, ta th\u1eed \u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tam th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n k\u00e9m th\u1ea5p cao. Tr\u1eeb ph\u00e0m phu m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh. Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. C\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu h\u00e0nh, nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. V\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf d\u0129 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng do m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean s\u1eafp th\u00e0nh. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n tu nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh tu nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh xong gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n C. L\u01afU TH\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n Ph\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba ph\u1ea7n: nh\u1eadp, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00e1nh t\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, v\u1eeba g\u00f3i v\u1eeba m\u1edf. G\u00f3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u00fd ch\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1eeba thuy\u1ebft minh. M\u1edf l\u00e0 khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t bao la h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p tu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3; v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n hai, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u0110\u00e0 la ni trong M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n I. T\u00c1N TH\u00c1N C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A B\u00c1T NH\u00c3.<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u1ed1 tri B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u00fa, th\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa, th\u1ecb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00fa, n\u0103ng tr\u1eeb nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, ch\u01a1n thi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t h\u01b0.<\/em><\/p>\n N\u00ean bi\u1ebft B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 ch\u00fa minh l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 ch\u00fa v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng chi s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i.<\/em><\/p>\n Ch\u00fa l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef m\u1ea1n tr\u00e0 (mantra) trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. Theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p, m\u1ea1n tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o, ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh l\u1eabn d\u1eef. Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ea1n tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00e2y cho ta suy ngh\u0129, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u00f3m th\u00e2u m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebb ra m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng. Trong ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, m\u1ea1n tr\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e0 la ni, t\u1ee9c: ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0 la ni, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e0 la ni, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 la ni v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e0 la ni. Ch\u1eef ch\u00fa trong b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e0 la ni.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eddi, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. Ph\u00e9p tu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 kh\u00eau s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa. Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh, tr\u1eeb d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u00fa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, t\u1ee9c ch\u00fa minh l\u1edbn. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fa v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fa v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n V\u00ec ph\u00e9p tu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0 la ni hai b\u00ean ngang nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng ph\u00e9p tu \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa. V\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Cho n\u00ean, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch n\u1ea1n. C\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c Cho n\u00ean, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n II. DI\u1ec6U D\u1ee4NG C\u1ee6A B\u00c1T NH\u00c3<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u1ed1 thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a ch\u00fa, t\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft: Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la t\u0103ng y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, T\u00e1t b\u00e0 ha.<\/em><\/p>\n N\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u00fa B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a. N\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng: Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la t\u0103ng y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, T\u00e1t b\u00e0 ha.<\/em><\/p>\n Ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e0 la ni, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p tu n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Cho n\u00ean, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi ch\u00fa. T\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ch\u00fa vi\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1i di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng linh \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u1ea5y, t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u \u1ea5y l\u00e0: ch\u00fa li\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u1ed9 h\u1ebft \u00fd s\u00e2u xa t\u00e0ng \u1ea9n trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 h\u00f4 th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 linh, l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fa v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1eadt ng\u1eef (l\u1eddi b\u00ed m\u1eadt). \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, l\u00e0m sao c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a? Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 s\u01a1 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u ch\u00fa n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gate, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111i qua, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i hai l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ba la y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, do ch\u1eef pragate, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia. Ba la t\u0103ng y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0 do phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef prasamgate, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u00e1t b\u00e0 ha do phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef svha c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u00e0i ch\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n Qua \u0111i, qua \u0111i, qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u0111i, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u0111i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ch\u00fa nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngh\u0129a hay l\u00fd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a hay l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu khi t\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m. C\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u linh nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ch\u00fa l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t ni\u1ec7m. V\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u1edbi khinh an. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng linh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ta mau l\u00ean b\u1edd gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n “Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, Ba la t\u0103ng Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. T\u00e1t b\u00e0 ha”<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Theo: V\u1ecdng Nguy\u1ec7t T\u00edn Hanh, t\u1eadp 1, tr. 802b.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/strong><\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m Kinh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n ghi b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n (Siddham) tr\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 (Hasedera) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p Long t\u1ef1 (H\u00f2ry\u00f9ji) c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n 1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sau ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n 2). Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ed5 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma mang c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Hoa, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang Nh\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, ghi r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n 2, t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef Ph\u00e1p Long t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 609 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ph\u00e1p Long t\u1ef1 (H\u00f2ry\u00f9ji) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1i t\u1eed (Shotoku Taishi), v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 593 – 622, xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n b\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n 2 n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 649, sau b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n 2 n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1p Long t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a g\u1ed7 c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n F. Max Muller l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 hai, l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n theo th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Devanagari, ra Anh v\u0103n n\u0103m 1894, in trong Sacred Books of the East, t\u1eadp 49, ph\u1ea7n 2, trang 147 – 154. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nanjo Bujiu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra hai b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra Anh v\u0103n, \u0111\u0103ng trong Anecdota Oxoniensia, t.1, th\u00e1ng 3 (1884). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 H. L. Feer ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n, in trong L”Essence de la Science transcendante en langues, Tibetain, Sanscrit, Mongol (Paris, 1886). Sau \u0111o, B\u00e1c s\u0129 D.T. Suzuki l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng trong quy\u1ec3n 3 c\u1ee7a Essays in Zen Buddhism.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn Edward Conze v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng phu v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, T\u00e2m kinh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u00ea gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Edward Conze c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh hai b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Devanagari m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf B\u1eafc \u1ea4n. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 H. W. Bailey kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kinh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vu \u0110i\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n V\u0103n, th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n Vu \u0110i\u1ec1n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong Fonds Pelliot Collection c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f9ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 7 b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Vimalamitra nh\u01b0ng E. Conze c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a Prasastrasena l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng kinh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (Mongolian Kanjur) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n, in trong B\u00ed M\u1eadt Kinh, t.12, tr. 44a 45b. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 R. Exell d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n Devanagari phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra Pali, \u0111\u0103ng trong The Wisdom gone beyond, do h\u1ed9i Social Science Association Press c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, trang 6.<\/p>\n Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hoa v\u0103n th\u00ec b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Chi Khi\u00eam, n\u0103m 223, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 402 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng m\u1edbi tr\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 649. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9a B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3 n\u01a1i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, duy ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00ec d\u00f9ng th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u00e2m. C\u1ea3 ba l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau, duy b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 732, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 L\u1ee3i Ng\u00f4n t\u00e1i d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 790. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn Thi H\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7n ch\u00f3t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 7 b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu ta k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u1edf c\u00e1c trang 11 v\u00e0 13.<\/p>\n Sau \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ra th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n 1. B\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n: l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n 1 v\u00e0 2,<\/p>\n 2. B\u1ea3n Devanagari: l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n 3. B\u1ea3n T\u00e2y Tang: qu\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n 4. B\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n phi\u00ean \u00e2m La Tinh: theo L. Hurvitz v\u00e0 R. Bucknell,<\/p>\n 5. B\u1ea3n Devanagari phi\u00ean \u00e2m La Tinh: l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n 6. B\u1ea3n T\u00e2y Tang phi\u00ean \u00e2m La Tinh: qu\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n 7. B\u1ea3n Vu \u0110i\u1ec1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m La Tinh: qu\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n 8. B\u1ea3n Pali: l\u01b0\u1ee3c,<\/p>\n 9. B\u1ea3n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5,<\/p>\n 10. B\u1ea3n M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u,<\/p>\n 11. B\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n phi\u00ean \u00e2m Hoa ng\u1eef: l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n 12. L\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n La Th\u1eadp.<\/p>\n 13. L\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng,<\/p>\n 14. Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 L\u1ee3i Ng\u00f4n,<\/p>\n 15. Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec7t (2 b\u1ea3n),<\/p>\n 16. L\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh,<\/p>\n 17. Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 Lu\u00e2n,<\/p>\n 18. Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e0nh,<\/p>\n 19. Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n Thi H\u1ed9,<\/p>\n 20. Qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i nghi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111oan ch\u1eafc, Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 li\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb Trung Hoa \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 12 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 19 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh, Nihon Daizokyo, t\u1eadp 20, tr.1 11. S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2n tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh, t\u1ee9c Taisho shinshu Daizokyo, l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc theo Nh\u1eadt ng\u1eef, Cho n\u00ean, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt v\u0103n.<\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n 21. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Minh Ch\u00e2u H\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n 22. B\u1ea3n Nh\u1eadt ng\u1eef,<\/p>\n 23. B\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef,<\/p>\n 24. B\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a, ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng l\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Suzuki v\u00e0 Garma Chang, b\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eeba, th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cho b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n Khi so s\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n Devanagari v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n La Th\u1eadp), ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sau: B\u1ea3n Devanagari kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch”. B\u1ea3n Devanagari l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam “T\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc” tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai c\u00e2u “s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng…”; ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “di\u1ec7c v\u00f4 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc” sau ph\u1ea7n “v\u00f4 tr\u00ed (di\u1ec7c) v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc” c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n th\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, Cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 Max Muller v\u00e0 Nanjo Bujiu \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Herbert v\u1ed1n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Suzuki. Tam sao th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u1eef, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (Trong l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m kinh sang \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y). Mong r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam cho.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n (Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Chemesig (Sanskrit: Avalokiteshvara). In this form, having one face and four arms, he personifies the Buddha’s Great Compassion. All deities are manifest in his changes. His mantras is OM MANI PADME HUM.<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N T\u1ea4T \u0110\u00c0N 1<\/p>\n (\u0110\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1i qua ph\u1ea3i)<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N T\u1ea4T \u0110\u00c0N 2<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2CB\u1ea2N DEVANAGARI<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N DEVANAGARI<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/p>\n (\u0110\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i, theo h\u00e0ng ngang)<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N T\u1ea4T \u0110\u00c0N 1 & 2<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N T\u1ea4T \u0110\u00c0N<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N DEVANAGARI<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N VU \u0110I\u1ec0N<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N P\u00c0LI<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N M\u00d4NG C\u1ed4<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N \u00c2M TI\u1ebeNG M\u00c3N CH\u00c2U D\u1ecaCH<\/p>\n \u0110\u1edcI KHANG HY, KHO\u1ea2NG N\u0102M 1723<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N PH\u1ea0N \u00c2M<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N PH\u1ea0N \u00c2M<\/p>\n (B\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N LA TH\u1eacP<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N HUY\u1ec0N TRANG<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 V\u00c0 L\u1ee2I NG\u00d4N<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N PH\u00c1P NGUY\u1ec6T 1<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N PH\u00c1P NGUY\u1ec6T 2<\/p>\n L\u01af\u1ee2C B\u1ea2N NGH\u0128A T\u1ecaNH<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N TR\u00cd TU\u1ec6 LU\u1eacN<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N PH\u00c1P TH\u00c0NH<\/p>\n (B\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng)<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N TH\u1eca H\u1ed8<\/p>\n QU\u1ea2NG B\u1ea2N KIM C\u01af\u01a0NG<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N QU\u1ed0C \u00c2M MINH CH\u00c2U H\u01af\u01a0NG H\u1ea2I<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N NH\u1eacT V\u0102N<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N ANH V\u0102N<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N PH\u00c1P V\u0102N<\/p>\n B\u1ea2N \u0110\u1ee8C V\u0102N<\/p>\n TH\u01af T\u1ecaCH T\u00c2M KINH<\/p>\n ***<\/p>\n CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00c1T NH\u00c3: \u0110\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An n\u0103m 782. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i, t\u1ee9c Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0, s\u00e1ng t\u1ed5 Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n B\u1ea4T KH\u00d4NG KIM C\u01af\u01a0NG (Amoghavajra, 705 – 774): \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed (Vajrabodhi), s\u00e1ng t\u1ed5 Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n Trung Hoa. B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ed5, qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng (713 – 755), T\u00fac T\u00f4ng (756 – 762) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00f4ng (763 – 779), \u0111\u01b0a Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p cho Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i. Tuy b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch T\u00e2m kinh c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n ghi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i, do B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch. Xem \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp 20, tr.1 ( \u0110TK 1030), tr.19 ( \u0110TK 1037), tr.32 ( \u0110TK 1041), tr.33 ( \u0110TK 1042), tr.203 ( \u0110TK 1085), tr.206 ( \u0110TK 1086) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp 21, tr.292 ( \u0110TK 1264). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c truy t\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e1nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u00ed Tam T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea0O H\u00c0NH B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 (Astasahasrikaprajna-paramita) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Chi L\u00e2u Ca S\u1ea5m (Lokakshema) d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 178. C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp (Kumarajiva) d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. Edward Conze \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch kinh n\u00e0y sang Anh v\u0103n.<\/p>\n HUY\u1ec0N TR\u00c1NG (600 – 664): nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n KH\u00d4NG H\u1ea2I (774 – 835), t\u1ee9c Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0. \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed Hu\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3 (746 – 805), \u0111\u1ec7 tam t\u1ed5 Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb t\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p. Sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ed5 Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i T\u00e2m kinh, trong Ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 to\u00e0n t\u1eadp (K\u00f2b\u00f2 daishi zenshu), t\u1eadp I tr. 554-562. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Hakeda Yoshio, Secret key to the Heart S\u0169tra, trong Major works. Columbia U.P., 1972, tr. 262 275.<\/p>\n NGH\u0128A T\u1ecaNH (635 – 713): nh\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i danh kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed Subhakarasimha v\u00e0 Vajrabodhi t\u1ee9c Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ed, th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n PH\u00c1P LONG T\u1ef0, H\u00f2r\u1ef3uji, trong th\u00e0nh Nara, Nh\u1eadt. Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i t\u1eed, Sh\u00f2toku taishi (593 – 622) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n T\u00e2m kinh v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt, n\u0103m 609.<\/p>\n PH\u00c1P NGUY\u1ec6T: D\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i l\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n c\u00e1c n\u01a1i. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Ph\u00e1p Nguy\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u0103m 741 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 765 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy t\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ho\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o Tam Tang.<\/p>\n PH\u00c1P TH\u00c0NH. Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 Du gi\u00e0. Xem \u0110TK 2801 v\u00e0 2802, tr. 804 947, t\u1eadp 51, \u0110TK 2090, tr. 996; v\u00e0 \u0110TK 2782, tr. 543.<\/p>\n PH\u00c1P T\u1ea0NG (643 – 712), \u0111\u1ec7 tam t\u1ed5 Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4n. Vi\u1ebft B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a T\u00e2m kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edb n\u0103m (\u0110TK 1712). Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Hoa Nghi\u00eam ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Kh\u00f4ng (s\u00f9nyat\u00e0), m\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 T\u00e2m kinh. B\u1ea3n s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra Anh v\u0103n hai l\u1ea7n: Chang, Garma The Buddhist teaching of totality the philosophy of Hwa Yen Buddhism. tr. 197 – 206. Cook, Francis, Fa tsang’s brief commentary on the Prajnaparamita hrdaya sutra. In trong Mah\u00e0y\u00e0na Buddhist meditation, theory & practice, ed. By Minoru Kiyota. Univ. P. of Hawaii, 1978. tr. 167 206.<\/p>\n T\u1ea4T \u0110\u00c0N: Th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0n (siddha) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n (Brahmin style) c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i. Th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u1edf Nam \u1ea4n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 IV-V) T\u1eeb B\u1eafc \u1ea4n, th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng theo l\u1ed1i gupta (gypta style) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. L\u1ed1i Nam \u1ea4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Kucha v\u00e0 Khotan. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XI, th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Devanagari m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n TR\u01af\u1edcNG C\u1ed0C T\u1ef0 Hasedera, tr\u00ean Cao D\u00e3 S\u01a1n, thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4n, Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam:<\/p>\n CH\u00c2N NGUY\u00caN THI\u1ec0N S\u01af<\/p>\n MINH CH\u00c2U H\u01af\u01a0NG H\u1ea2I THI\u1ec0N S\u01af<\/p>\n TO\u00c0N NH\u1eacT THI\u1ec0N S\u01af, xem:<\/p>\n L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t, Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, 1979 (2 quy\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t, Th\u01a1 v\u0103n thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Minh Ch\u00e2u H\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i, s\u1eafp xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t, To\u00e0n Nh\u1eadt thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, 1979 (2 quy\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb: Tr\u00ed Si\u00eau, Nguy\u00ean Ch\u1ee9ng, Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Thanh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, sao ch\u00e9p, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tham gia \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[109],"tags":[63,60,13,107],"yoast_head":"\nL\u1edcI GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/h3>\n
T\u00c2M KINH B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 PHI\u00caN \u00c2M<\/h3>\n
T\u00c2M KINH B\u00c1T NH\u00c3\u00a0D\u1ecaCH NGH\u0128A<\/h3>\n
T\u00c2M KINH B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 BA LA M\u1eacT \u0110A CH\u00da GI\u1ea2I<\/h3>\n
T\u00c2M KINH B\u00c1T NH\u00c3 BA LA M\u1eacT \u0110A V\u0102N B\u1ea2N<\/h3>\n