{"id":161963,"date":"2019-05-01T22:28:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T15:28:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=161963"},"modified":"2019-05-01T22:28:29","modified_gmt":"2019-05-01T15:28:29","slug":"luat-tang-sanskrit-trong-phat-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luat-tang-sanskrit-trong-phat-giao-161963.html","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

LU\u1eacT T\u1ea0NG TRONG V\u0102N H\u1eccC SANSKRIT PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/h2>\n

I. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/h3>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ly gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da, Lokottarav\u0101da l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb H\u012bnay\u0101na \u0111\u1ebfn Mah\u0101y\u0101na xuy\u00ean qua c\u1eeda ng\u1ecf v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u<\/span> c\u1ee7a Mah\u0101sanghik\u0101. Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n (c\u00f3 pha tr\u1ed9n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef \u1ea4n_Pr\u0101krit) quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Mah\u0101vastu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ed9 M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea mang t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng may Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 Sa\u1e45skrit c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Pr\u0101timok\u1e63a-S\u016btra (Gi\u1edbi Kinh) c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101dins (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sa\u1e45skrit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Central Asia (Trung \u00c1) v\u00e0 Eastern Turkestan (\u0110\u00f4ng Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1edf Nepal, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.[1]<\/p>\n

II. \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ef1 (Mah\u0101vastu)<\/h3>\n

\u00a0Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Mah\u0101vastu c\u1ee7a Lokottarav\u0101dins (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf B\u1ed9) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Caityakas, con \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghikas. N\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 pha t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y.[2] Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Nid\u0101nakath\u0101 trong Pali, ghi l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf B\u1ed9) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

a) Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt D\u012bpa\u1e45kara (Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng), v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

b) Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111ang tr\u00fa \u1edf cung tr\u1eddi Tu\u1e63ita (\u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t), v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o thai t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eadu Ma-gia. N\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb khi Th\u00e1i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c ma qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

c) Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh trong Mah\u0101vagga (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m) c\u1ee7a Nam T\u1ea1ng, Mah\u0101vastu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng.[3]<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, song kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh l\u00f4gic v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ba l\u1ea7n, ban \u0111\u1ea7u theo th\u1ec3 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng sau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n k\u1ec7; c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec \u00edt th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.[4] T\u1ef1u trung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y_v\u0103n xu\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng k\u1ec7_\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng \u2018Sa\u1e45skrit pha tr\u1ed9n\u2019 (Mixed Sa\u1e45skrit).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1eadt,[5] ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Lokottarav\u0101dins (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf B\u1ed9), nh\u01b0: Catv\u0101ri-\u0101rya-saty\u0101ni (B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd), A\u1e63\u1e6da-\u0101ry\u0101-m\u0101rga (B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o), Prat\u012btyasam\u016btpada (Duy\u00ean sinh),\u00a0 Anitya (V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh (c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n), kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n (\u0101tman)[6]…<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0: S\u1eafc th\u00e2n (r\u016bpak\u0101ya hay nirm\u0101\u1e47ak\u0101ya), m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Param\u0101rtha (Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. V\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d[7] m\u00e0 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 Lokottarav\u0101dins (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf B\u1ed9) v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba m\u00e0 xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3.[8]<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc \u1edf Gandh\u0101ra[9], m\u00e0 n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Nh\u00ecn chung, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y chuy\u00ean t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1 c\u1ed5, cho n\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd lui xa v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 tr. CN, m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u00f3 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 sau CN; v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa.[10]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sau CN, khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Yog\u0101c\u0101ra (Du-gi\u00e0) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, Mah\u0101vastu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Yog\u0101c\u0101ra c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb Mah\u0101vastu n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Mah\u0101vastu-avad\u0101na (Mah\u0101vastovad\u0101na). Ngo\u00e0i Mah\u0101-vastu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Divy\u0101vad\u0101na (Thi\u00ean Th\u00ed D\u1ee5: nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

III. Lu\u1eadt C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 (M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101davinaya)<\/h3>\n

B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101davinaya c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1edf Kashmir v\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc \u1ea4n. M\u016bla-sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da n\u00e0y, theo Nalinaksha Dutt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Gilgit, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng[11], song ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa thu\u1ed9c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Th\u01b0 M\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Nanjio, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, m\u00e0 Vinaya (Lu\u1eadt_T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-gia) c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 7 B\u1ed9:<\/p>\n

1) Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinaya-m\u0101trk\u0101 (T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a-b\u1ed9 T\u1ef3-ni Ma-\u0111\u1eafc-l\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0), Sa\u1e45ghavarman (T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-b\u1ea1t-man) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 445 sau CN, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh [\u0110C] 23, 1441.<\/p>\n

2) Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinaya-vibh\u0101s\u0101 (T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a T\u1ef3-ni T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa), ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 350-431 sau CN, \u0110C, 23, 1440.<\/p>\n

3) Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da-vinaya-sangraha (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-gia Nhi\u1ebfp T\u1ee5ng?), Jinamitra (Th\u1eafng H\u1eefu) so\u1ea1n, ng\u00e0i Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 700 sau CN.<\/p>\n

4) Das\u0101dhy\u0101ya-vinaya-nid\u0101na (Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-gia Ni-\u0111\u00e0-na), ng\u00e0i Vimal\u0101k\u1e63a (T\u1ef3-ma-la-xoa) d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

5) Da\u015b\u0101dhy\u0101ya-vinaya-bhiksu-pr\u0101timoksa (Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng T\u1ef3-kheo Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed5n), ng\u00e0i Kum\u0101raj\u012bva (C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 404 sau CN, \u0110C 23, 1436.<\/p>\n

6) Da\u015b\u0101dhy\u0101ya-vinaya-bhiksun\u012b-pr\u0101timoksa (Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng T\u1ef3-kheo-ni Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed5n), Fayin so\u1ea1n n\u0103m 420-479 sau CN, \u0110C 23, 1437.<\/p>\n

7) Da\u015b\u0101dhy\u0101ya-vinaya (Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng Lu\u1eadt) hay Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da Vinaya, Pu\u1e47yatara (Ph\u1ea5t-nh\u00e3-\u0111a-la) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Kum\u0101raj\u012bva (C\u01b0u-ma-la-th\u1eadp) d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 404 sau CN, \u0110C 23, 1435.<\/p>\n

Trong 7 B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.[12]<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Mah\u0101vastu c\u1ee7a Lokottarav\u0101dins, M\u016bla-sarv\u0101stiv\u0101da gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.[13] M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 15 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng.[14] Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadt M\u016blasarv\u0101stiv\u0101da n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft trong Divy\u0101vad\u0101na (Thi\u00ean Th\u00ed D\u1ee5) ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\n

CH\u00da GI\u1ea2I:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n

[1] Tuy c\u1ea3 hai Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Sanskrit c\u1ee7a Sarv\u0101stiv\u0101dins v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mah\u012b\u015b\u0101sakas (Ho\u00e1\/Ch\u00fang \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghikas (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ea1ng Pali, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

[2] Xem Keith, A.B., A History of Sanskrit Literature, tr. 491; c\u0169ng xem Nariman, J.K., Literature History of Sanskrit Buddhism, tr. 17; v\u00e0 xem Dutt, N. Buddhist Sects in India, tr. 60.<\/p>\n

[3] Xem Nariman, J.K., Literature History of Sanskrit Buddhism, …, tr. 12; xem Dutt, N. Buddhist Sects in India, tr. 60-1; c\u0169ng xem Bapat, P.V., 2500 years of Buddhism, tr. 97-8.<\/p>\n

[4] Trong Mah\u0101vastu, \u2018m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1eafng th\u1ec3 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng pha tr\u1ed9n, \u0111\u00f4i khi ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i sau b\u1eb1ng k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng… Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong J\u0101takas (Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec1n Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) trong Pali.\u2019 [Winternitz, M., History of Indian Literature, tr. 243].<\/p>\n

[5] Dutt, N., S\u0111d., tr. 69.<\/p>\n

[6] Dutt, N., S\u0111d., tr. 76.<\/p>\n

[7] Dutt, N., S\u0111d., tr. 72.<\/p>\n

[8] Keith, A.B., A History of Sanskrit Literature …, tr. 491.<\/p>\n

[9] Xem Winternitz, M., History of Indian Literature, …, tr. 247; c\u0169ng xem Nariman, J.K., Literature History of Sanskrit Buddhism,.. tr. 18.<\/p>\n

[10] Winternitz, M., History of Indian Literature,…, tr. 247; c\u0169ng xem Bapat, P.V., 2500 Years … tr. 98.<\/p>\n

[11] Xem Dutt, N. Buddhist Sects in India, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1998, tr. 141.<\/p>\n

[12] S\u0111d., tr. 140.<\/p>\n

[13] S\u0111d., tr. 141-2.<\/p>\n

[14] S\u0111d., tr. 142<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LU\u1eacT T\u1ea0NG TRONG V\u0102N H\u1eccC SANSKRIT PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O I. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ly gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[98],"tags":[14],"yoast_head":"\nLu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luat-tang-sanskrit-trong-phat-giao-161963.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng Sanskrit Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LU\u1eacT T\u1ea0NG TRONG V\u0102N H\u1eccC SANSKRIT PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O I. 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