{"id":162564,"date":"2019-05-02T22:09:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-02T15:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=162564"},"modified":"2019-05-02T22:09:36","modified_gmt":"2019-05-02T15:09:36","slug":"dai-cuong-luan-cau-xa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-cuong-luan-cau-xa-162564.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1<\/h2>\n

H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf,<\/em>
\nPL. 2543 – TL. 1999<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/p>\n

Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb hoan h\u1ef7 click v\u00e0o link sau \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i :<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1a<\/a>
\nD\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/a>
\nLu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n:
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 1: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 2: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 3: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gian<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 4: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 5: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 6: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 7: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed<\/a>
\n– Ph\u1ea9m 8: Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a>
\nPh\u1ea7n L\u01b0u th\u00f4ng<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

<\/a>T\u1ef0A<\/h2>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u00a0”chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9” cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec\u00a0m\u00ea ng\u1ed9\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 vui. M\u00ea th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec vui. M\u00ea th\u00ec th\u00e0nh\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed, ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00ea l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m.\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0t\u00e2m\u00a0m\u00ea l\u1ea7mth\u00e0nh t\u00e2m\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m (Ph\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0t\u00e2m).\u00a0T\u00f9y theo\u00a0tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c\u0103n c\u01a1\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. Khi th\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh, khi th\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edbng, khi th\u00ec n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn\u00a0nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u00e2m h\u1ea7u d\u1ec5\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa\u00a0n\u00f3i: “T\u00e2m\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1”. “Ham mu\u1ed1n sinh lo,\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n\u00a0sinh s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n\u00a0c\u00f3 lo s\u1ee3 g\u00ec !” \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh A-h\u00e0m n\u00f3i: “T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb\u00a0Nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean,\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 t\u00e2m,\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc,\u00a0v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng,\u00a0v\u00f4 tr\u00fa\u00a0sinh t\u00e2m,\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam\u00a0n\u00f3i: “Tam gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 ph\u00e1p, duy th\u1ecb\u00a0nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u00a0t\u1eafc. T\u00e2m nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng h\u1ecda s\u01b0,\u00a0h\u1ecda ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng\u00a0th\u1ebf gian. \u01afng\u00a0qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p\u00a0gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i\u00a0t\u00e2m.v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0\u00a0n\u00f3i: “N\u0103m ph\u00e1p, ba\u00a0T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, hai\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3.\u00a0Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u00a0…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam\u00a0n\u00f3i: “B\u1ea3y ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea1n t\u00e2m, m\u01b0\u1eddi phen ch\u1ec9\u00a0t\u00e1nh th\u1ea5y.\u00a0Th\u1ee9c tinh\u00a0nguy\u00ean minh, t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh minh th\u1ec3,\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn\u00a0l\u1eadp tri, t\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u00f4 minh\u00a0b\u1ed5n,\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa\u00a0n\u00f3i: “Ph\u1eadt\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1o,\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u00f3i: “Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c ng\u00e3 t\u1ecbnh…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Kinh\u00a0Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c\u00a0n\u00f3i: “Huy\u1ec5n t\u00f9ng gi\u00e1c sanh, huy\u1ec5n di\u1ec7t\u00a0gi\u00e1c vi\u00ean,\u00a0gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m\u00a0b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng n\u00f3i: ”B\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. Thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y, \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e2y…”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong kinh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0n\u00f3i t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0v\u1eafn t\u1eaft\u00a0c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0T\u1ed5 s\u01b0,\u00a0Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0\u00a0m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u1ea7m\u00a0tu ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0ph\u00e1t\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ra\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a\u00a0\u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t\u00a0trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch,\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n\u00a0m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a\u00a0m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u00fap cho\u00a0h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c\u00a0phong ph\u00fa. T\u1eeb l\u00fd\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i\u00a0Long Th\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00e0nh hai \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf, hay\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p\u00a0l\u1ea1i khai tri\u1ec3n ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp hai \u0111\u1ebf (T\u1ee9 tr\u00f9ng\u00a0Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf) l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gian\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd\u00ef\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0th\u1ebf gian\u00a0th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd\u00a0th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf,\u00a0th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a\u00a0th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. Ch\u1eef\u00a0v\u00f4 minh\u00a0trong kinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong lu\u1eadn chia ra l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0v\u00f4 minh, nhu\u1eadn sanh\u00a0v\u00f4 minh,\u00a0nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u00f4 tri,\u00a0b\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u00f4 tri,\u00a0ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c,\u00a0v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c, n\u0103m\u00a0tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0v\u00f4 minh. Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n hai c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m th\u1ee9\u00a0v\u00f4 minh. Ngay lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n,\u00a0m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9,\u00a0m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e0nh ba khoa v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 theo hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n\u00a0(hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai m\u00f4n\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0tranh c\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba\u00a0v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u01b0 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m m\u00ea nh\u01b0 n\u0103m c\u00e1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c…v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7,\u00a0bi\u1ebfn tri, bi\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n,\u00a0t\u1eadn tr\u00ed,\u00a0v\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed…\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom l\u1ea1i\u00a0s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i\u00a0l\u00e0m cho\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u00a0t\u1eebng ly t\u1eebng t\u00ed qu\u00e1\u00a0tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n\u00a0bi\u1ebfn trong khi m\u00ea, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1\u00a0tu ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc,\u00a0r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u00a0t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9m\u00e0\u00a0lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean\u00a0b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1i hay \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfinh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi\u00a0ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch\u00a0qu\u00e1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0b\u1ecb v\u0103m v\u00fan, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n n\u00eau nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 hai m\u1eaft, th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft hay v\u1edbi hai m\u1eaft?…khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ecb ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, kh\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e2m \u00e1o\u00a0h\u01a1n. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u0111\u00e3 l\u1edd \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9\u00a0r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu\u00a0h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap cho\u00a0T\u0103ng Ni\u00a0sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng\u00a0c\u0103n c\u01a1\u00a0“nh\u1ea5t \u0111ao tri\u1ec7t \u0111o\u1ea1n,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u00fa\u00a0li\u1ec5u nhi\u00ean\u00a0si\u00eau b\u00e1ch \u1ee9c” mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0“chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9” c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u00a0s\u00e2u xa\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc\u00a0lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0t\u1eeb sau ng\u00e0y\u00a0ph\u00e2n chia\u00a0hai b\u1ed9\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u0103ng say s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i\u00a0tranh bi\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i\u00a0su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0d\u00e0i tr\u00ean 400 n\u0103m sau k\u1ef3\u00a0k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n\u00a0l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-ly.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn\u00a0Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i A-n\u1eadu-l\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2n\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u00f4n\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0h\u1ecdc,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0m, ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1991\u00a0<\/em>
\nSo\u1ea1n thu\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>D\u1eaaN NH\u1eacP<\/h2>\n

S\u1ef0 H\u00ccNH TH\u00c0NH C\u1ee6A A-T\u1ef2-\u0110\u1ea0T-MA<\/h3>\n

Ba t\u1ea1ng: Tu-\u0111a-la-t\u1ea1ng, T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da t\u1ea1ng, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma t\u1ea1ng. Ch\u1eef A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.Abhidharma Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 V\u00f4 t\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p,Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

A. \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean trong kinh A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd t\u00e1n m\u1ef9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m huy\u1ec1n, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 B\u00e0-sa th\u00ec g\u1ecdi A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu soi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01b0 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c. Ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd s\u01b0 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ebf kinh. Hi\u1ebfp T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ee9u k\u00ednh tu\u1ec7, Quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n tu\u1ec7 v.v…\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi hai ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n. Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hai th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 l\u1eadu th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a (Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p H\u1eefu l\u1eadu ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ed hay A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1t-ma d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 (nh\u1eadm tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t sinh cho s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (qu\u1ef9 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1t-ma t\u1ee9c Dharma t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 c\u0103n Dhri (gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, mang) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, hay l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 trong t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd sai bi\u1ec7t t\u00f9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

1. \u1ede \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c hay vi\u00ean m\u00e3n gi\u00e1c (B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1).<\/p>\n

2. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

3. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed theo l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt nghi, \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00fd, c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

4. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

5. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, (b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o), t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt, \u00fd th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1i duy th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma, ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1t-Ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

A-t\u1ef3 t\u1ee9c Abhi (ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eef) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Abhidharma, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, hay l\u00e0 “Th\u1eafng”, hay tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i Buddhagosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m, Ph\u1eadt Minh) trong Na-t\u01b0-m\u1ea1n-gi\u00e0-la Y-l\u1ea1p-hy-ni (s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Dhiga Nikaya) d\u1eabn b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng:” C\u00f3 ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3i r\u00f5, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m c\u00f2n n\u00f3i:”. Trong kinh, ph\u00e1p ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00f2n trong A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma th\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kinh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p, n\u00ean ph\u00e1p ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7”.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i: “A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u, n\u00eau ra nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 18 gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u0169 l\u1eadu, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o v\u00f4 l\u1eadu? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o h\u1eefu b\u00e1o, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o v\u00f4 b\u00e1o? v.v….nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma”.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3y ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec5m, s\u00e2n nhu\u1ebf, h\u1eefu \u00e1i, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh, ki\u1ebfn, nghi (Kinh M\u1eadt Ho\u00e0n D\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 115, Trung A-h\u00e0m) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 (tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c)?. C\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf \u0111o\u1ea1n?. C\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u01b0 duy \u0111o\u1ea1n? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed? C\u00e1i n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed? v.v…<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch Abhidharina l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i \u0111em ra ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hai l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Abhi,A l\u00e0 v\u00f4, Bhi l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B. NGU\u1ed4N G\u1ed0C C\u1ee6A A-T\u1ef2-D\u1ea0T-MA<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m trong s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ungdung t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. L\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n minh b\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

QU\u00c1 TR\u00ccNH PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N LU\u1eacN TH\u01af A-T\u1ef2-\u0110\u1ea0T-MA<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1: Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ebf kinh. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 100 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ch\u01b0a chia kinh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 kinh A-h\u00e0m c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 do h\u1ecdc phong c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma h\u00f3a, cho n\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh mang nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t, T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, kinh Th\u1ebf K\u00fd trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t B\u1ed9 trong Trung B\u1ed9, kinh Ch\u00fang T\u1eadp trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 2: Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a kinh. L\u1ea5y kinh l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong kinh ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t huy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m, Ma-ha-ni-lu\u1eadt-sa, C\u01b0u-l\u1ea1p-ni-lu\u1eadt-sa trong Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 hay nh\u01b0 H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch Ph\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn, T\u1eadp D\u1ecb M\u00f4n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 3: Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a kinh m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kinh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u00e0 theo m\u1ecdi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u1ea5y, n\u1ed9i dung d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi kinh lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3y b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Kinh b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 4: L\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi n\u1ed5i, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng (\u0110\u1ea1t-ma-thi-la), \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m, lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma Ngh\u0129a T\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i A-n\u1eadu-l\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0. Hai b\u1ed9 sau n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 T\u00edch Lan.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kinh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. R\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u kinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean thuy\u1ebft minh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kinh, trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong kinh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb kinh chi ph\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kinh b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa cu\u1ed1n 5 n\u00f3i: “N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t t\u1eebng c\u00e2u kinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t quan ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 “Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n Sa-m\u00f4n”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 theo ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf th\u00ec K\u00ea d\u1eabn b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng: “Kinh lu\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt n\u1eb1m trong A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng kh\u1ebf kinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u1edf kh\u1ebf kinh ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n theo ch? tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9” cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecf qua kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong nh\u1eefng Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea khai ng\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma th\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Thay v\u00ec x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma l\u1ea1i lo thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n sanh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma tuy kh\u00f4ng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma ch\u1ec9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7… Nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i chia c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ra t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n (ch\u01b0 m\u00f4n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t). Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn th\u01b0, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C. C\u00c1C LU\u1eacN TH\u01af C\u1ee6A TH\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eccA B\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 Lu\u1eadn (Dhamma Sanghani)
\n2. Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Lu\u1eadn (Vibhanga)
\n3. Gi\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn (Dhatu Katha)
\n4. Nh\u00e2n Thi Thi\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn (Pudgala Pannati)
\n5. Song \u0110\u1ed1i Lu\u1eadn (Yamaka)
\n6. Ph\u00e1p Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn (Patthana)
\n7. Thuy\u1ebft S\u1ef1 Lu\u1eadn (Kathavasthu)<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3y lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp theo:<\/p>\n

– Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn (visudhimagga) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 TL, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1eefu b\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1eadp Kinh Ch\u00fa S\u1edb (Sumangala Vilasini) s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1eadp Kinh (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh).<\/p>\n

– Attha Salina, s\u00e1ch ch\u00fa th\u00edch b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u0169 Th\u01b0 Thu\u1eadt Ngh\u0129a (Panca-Pakarana Atthokattha): N\u0103m s\u00e1ch Ch\u00fa s\u1edb \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Sau ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ra \u0111\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma Ngh\u0129a T\u1eadp Lu\u1eadn (Abhidharmattha Sangaha; H.T Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p T\u1eadp Y\u1ebfu) n\u00e0y do ng\u00e0i A-n\u1eadu-l\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0 (Anuruddha) vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 T.L. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 nam c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 thay cho Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

D. C\u00c1C LU\u1eacN TH\u01af C\u1ee6A H\u1eeeU B\u1ed8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Ph\u00e1p U\u1ea9n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Dharma Skandha): 12 cu\u1ed1n, do \u0110\u1ea1i-M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean (Mahamogalyayana), c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i do X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1eadp D\u1ecb M\u00f4n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Sangti paryaya pada) do X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. (20 cu\u1ed1n)<\/p>\n

3. Thi Thi\u1ebft T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Prajnapti): Do Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean (Kaiyaya) vi\u1ebft l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

4. Th\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Vijnanakaya): 16 cu\u1ed1n do \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-thi\u1ebft-ma (Devasarman) vi\u1ebft sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 100 n\u0103m . 5. Ph\u1ea9m Lo\u1ea1i T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Ptrakarama): 18 cu\u1ed1n do Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu vi\u1ebft sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 300 n\u0103m, c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ch\u00fang S\u1ef1 Ph\u1ea7n A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m Lu\u1eadn (1).<\/p>\n

6. Gi\u1edbi Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn (Dhatukaya): 3 cu\u1ed1n do Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu vi\u1ebft sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 300 n\u0103m [*]
\n7. Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn (Janna Prasthana, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m B\u00e1t-ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn): 20 cu\u1ed1n do Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean t\u1eed (Katyayaniputra – Ca-na-di\u1ec5n-ni t\u1eed) vi\u1ebft sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 300 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

[*] C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa . C\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 . Sau \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u m\u1edbi gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Gi\u1edbi Th\u00e2n T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn, c\u00f2n s\u00e1u b\u1ed9 kia g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00fac Lu\u1eadn, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a cho lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec ngh\u0129a l\u00fd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong n\u00f3 \u00edt \u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd trong Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ba b\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft ra l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft ra sau khi Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3y b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

– Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa (Mahavibhasa) 200 cu\u1ed1n, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2 T.L t\u1ea1i Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la (Kasmir, K\u1ebf T\u00e2n) do c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu, Di\u1ec7u \u00c2m, Gi\u00e1c Thi\u00ean, Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee9u, Hi\u1ebfp T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vua Ca-n\u1ecb-s\u1eafc-ca (Kaniska). B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

– A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn (Abhidharmahridaya) do Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng (\u0110\u1ea1t-ma-thi-la) t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6 sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 T.L), to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ea1p A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn (Samyutara Abhidhar-mahridaya) do \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee9u (T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-b\u1ea1t-ma) t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 sau Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 4 T.L) nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a trong A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn, v\u00ec cho A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn qu\u00e1 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2u x\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn (Abhidharma Kosa) do Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasubhandhu) t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o 900 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5 T.L), 30 cu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

– Thu\u1eadn Ch\u00e1nh L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn : 80 cu\u1ed1n, do Ch\u00fang Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i C\u00e2u-x\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng Lu\u1eadn : 40 cu\u1ed1n do Ch\u00fang Hi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eb1m n\u00eau b\u1eadt t\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u00f4.<\/p>\n

– Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9 – C\u00f3 Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn 20 cu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110. C\u00c1C LU\u1eacN TH\u01af DO AI N\u00d3I?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m trong Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng, sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i t\u01b0 duy d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho th\u00e2n m\u1eabu tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110ao-l\u1ee3i, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i s\u00e1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u trong b\u1ea3y lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. S\u00e1u lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn S\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y do M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean t\u1eed \u0110\u1ebf-tu l\u00e0m ra kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng do l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fa k\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 do ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u1eb7c trong l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c sau khi Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u00c2U X\u00c1<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A. T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 V\u00c0 TH\u1edcI GIAN T\u1ea0O LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 B\u00e0-t\u1ea5u-b\u00e0n-\u0111\u1eadu (Vasubandhu – c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Th\u00e2n, t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n), ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc A\u00e1n \u0110\u1ed9, sanh trong kho\u1ea3ng 900 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh B\u1ed1-l\u00e2u-sa-b\u1ed1-sa (Purusapura), n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u00e0-la (Gandhara), h\u1ecd Ki\u1ec1u-thi-la, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ba anh em \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t gia theo b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a (Sarv\u00e0stivada: Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, g\u1ecdi t\u1eafc l\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba), nh\u01b0ng anh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asanga) s\u1edbm t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd (Sunyata) c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng, quay v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Em ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-l\u00e2n-tr\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 theo gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ri\u00eang ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, khi c\u00f2n theo Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft 500 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 xi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft 500 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn S\u01b0. C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 500 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba do ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 80 tu\u1ed5i ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ” Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng “. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 40-50 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ee9c khi ng\u00e0i \u0111ang theo Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Theo T\u00e2y V\u1ee9c K\u00fd 2, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh B\u1ed1-l\u00e2u-sa-b\u1ed1-la, kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m, ch\u00edn d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y t\u1ea5t-b\u00e1t-la, ph\u00eda nam c\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p cao do vua A-n\u1ecb-s\u1eafc-ca (Kaniska, 120TL) d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a cao r\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh L\u00e2m, c\u0169ng do vua Ca-n\u1ecb-s\u1eafc-ca l\u1eadp. T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t T\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ng\u00e0i Hi\u1ebfp T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 \u1edf, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng T\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gian nh\u00e0, ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B. \u00dd\u0660H\u01af\u1edaNG T\u1ea0O LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Theo H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t ly s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n an \u1ed5n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n an vui c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra n\u0103m v\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c n\u0103m c\u0103n, n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc. T\u00e2m t\u1ee9c tinh th\u1ea7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v… C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tri gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd t\u00e2m s\u1edf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd vui kh\u1ed5. T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 sanh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t v.v… n\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh. V\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c ba th\u1ee9 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi. N\u0103m v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y theo ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ec7n nghi chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, ho\u1eb7c chia l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, ho\u1eb7c chia l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba khoa, th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a kh\u1edfi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai, khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi r\u1ed3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, khi \u0111ang kh\u1edfi g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u00f3”, “ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3” c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu b\u1ed9. Ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 tuy h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao? Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o duy\u00ean, n\u1ebfu d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o duy\u00ean th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 t\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc di\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1m chi, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y khoa ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng l\u00fd t\u00e1nh, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3n tr\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Cho n\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (h\u01b0\u0169 l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7) v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a (v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tu\u1ec7) tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn theo ba \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, tu \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi m\u00ea l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c. Tu \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00ea s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c (s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea1ng). Nh\u01b0ng hai \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp d\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a h\u00f2an to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00f2an to\u00e0n s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb. L\u1ea1i do c\u0103n c\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu c\u00f3 h\u1ea1, trung, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ea1 c\u0103n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd nghe gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh thanh v\u0103n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng A-la-h\u00e1n. Trung c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 nghe gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00fd M\u01b0\u1eddi hai Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 d\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n tr\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb khi t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Ca-\u0111a-di\u1ec5n-ni t\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ngv\u1edbi b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la (Kasmir, K\u1ebf T\u00e2n) \u1edf B\u1eafc A\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai TL, vua Ca-n\u1ecb-s\u1eafc-ca c\u1ee7a Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i K\u1ebft t\u1eadp Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Hi\u1ebfp T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3, Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee9u, Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu, Di\u1ec7u \u00c2m, Gi\u00e1c Thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (trong \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7), k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi?t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 200 cu\u1ed1n, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed. T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, t\u1eeb khi lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa s\u01b0, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. H\u1ecd truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadn L\u1ee5c T\u00fac, Ph\u00e1t Tr\u00ed h\u01a1n kinh, m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “Ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u00f3, ba khoa \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eadt”, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, r\u1ed3i ch\u00ea bai k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 phong ph\u00fa, l\u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn chi li phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 theo n\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ch t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn, r\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Y \u0660Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 vi\u1ebft V\u00f4 Y H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn. Ph\u00e1p C\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eafng (c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0110\u1ea1t-ma-thi-la), kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd H\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng Lu\u1eadn n\u00ean vi\u1ebft T\u1ea1p A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, n\u00ean khi T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e0n-\u0111\u00e0-la tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa \u1edf Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la. Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n sinh t\u1ea1i C\u00e0n-\u0111\u00e0-la \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn, T\u1ea1p T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn, c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kinh b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00f3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, n\u00ean ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb phi, b\u00e8n c\u1ea3i trang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp (T\u00e1c-ki\u1ec7n-\u0111\u00e0) (T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Ch\u00fang Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp) truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho. Sau 4 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u tr\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp ng\u1ea7m khuy\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Khi ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa, t\u1eadp h\u1ebft y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 600 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam ch\u1eef “truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft” bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tin h\u1eb3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “Ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u00f3, ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3” c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9. S\u00e1u tr\u0103m b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la r\u1ea5t hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o. Tuy ng\u00e0i theo H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf qua, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Kinh b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec th\u00ec ng\u00e0i thu l\u1ea5y, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p ngoan c\u1ed1 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang sanh khai sinh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. Xem b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng theo h\u1eb3n gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9: ” Ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ea bai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u1edf t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 do \u1edf \u0111\u1ee9c M\u00e2u-ni “. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 n\u00e0y, T\u00e2y V\u1ee9c K\u00fd cu\u1ed1n 4 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: ” B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea7u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a l\u00fd b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ph\u00e1 ch\u1ed7 m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa, t\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd ngh\u0129a l\u00fd tinh vi, l\u00fd tr\u00ed cao si\u00eau trong s\u00e1ng “.<\/p>\n

Do l\u1ebd tr\u00ean n\u00ean khi lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoan ngh\u00eanh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng minh lu\u1eadn, khi\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Ch\u00fang Hi\u1ec1n vi\u1ebft Thu\u1eadn Ch\u00e1nh L\u00fd lu\u1eadn 80 cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C. T\u1ed2 CH\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A B\u1ed8 LU\u1eacN C\u00c2U-X\u00c1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y, Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 30 cu\u1ed1n chia l\u00e0m 9 ph\u1ea9m:<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi, 2 quy\u1ec3n
\n2. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, 5 quy\u1ec3n
\n3. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gian, 5 quy\u1ec3n
\n4. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p, 6 quy\u1ec3n
\n5. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, 3 quy\u1ec3n
\n6. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh, 4 quy\u1ec3n
\n7. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed, 2 quy\u1ec3n
\n8. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh, 2 quy\u1ec3n
\n9. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3, 1 quy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thuy\u1ebft minh hai \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n

1. T\u00e1m ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u (29 quy\u1ec3n): Thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.
\n2. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1 ng\u00e3 (1 quy\u1ec3n): Thuy\u1ebft minh l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1. Th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu (ph\u1ea9m Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 C\u0103n).
\n2. Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ea (c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 3, 4 v\u00e0 5).
\n3. Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u1ed9 (c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m 6, 7 v\u00e0 8).
\n4. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (ph\u1ea9m 9).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1. Th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/td>\nTh\u1ec3 (P.1)<\/td>\nN\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u1ee5ng (P.2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ea<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3 (P.3)<\/td>\nN\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu (m\u00ea)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n (P.4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u01a1 duy\u00ean (P.5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u1ed9<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3 (P.6)<\/td>\nN\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (ng\u1ed9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n (P.7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u01a1 duy\u00ean (P.8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/td>\n(P.9)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

D. T\u00d4N CH\u1ec8 C\u1ee6A LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9. V\u1eady t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: “Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ea v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n”. T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y, th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u1edf hai ph\u1ea9m Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 C\u0103ng\u1ed3m 7 quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ea \u1edf ba ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf gian, Nghi\u1ec7p, T\u00f9y mi\u00ean g\u1ed3m 14 quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u1ed9 \u1edf ba ph\u1ea9m Hi\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh, Tr\u00ed, \u0110\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m 8 quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn (Samkhya) v\u00e0 Th\u1eafng lu\u1eadn (Vaisesika) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1 ng\u00e3 1 quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u1ee9 xem \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0: A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 (Abhidharma Kosa). A-t\u1ef3 (Abhi) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i; \u0110\u1ea1t-ma (Dharma) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p; C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 (Kosa) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng. V\u1eady A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: 1. \u0110\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n l\u00fd m\u00ea ng\u1ed9 (l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf). 2. \u0110\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i h\u01b0\u1edbng ? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y n\u00ean m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tuy tr\u0103m sai ng\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i khai ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110. PHI\u00caN D\u1ecaCH V\u00c0 HO\u1eb0NG TRUY\u1ec0N<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang do hai nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch: Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf – ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01afu-thi\u1ec1n-ni (Ujyaini) \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 sang Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh 22 quy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ebf, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean Gia th\u1ee9 4 (563 TL), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh 30 quy\u1ec3n, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 650 TL v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i, Ph\u1ed5 Quang, Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o, Vi\u00ean Huy, Hu\u1ec7 Huy vi\u1ebft s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

—o0o—<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[68,69,64],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-cuong-luan-cau-xa-162564.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau lu\u1eadn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-cuong-luan-cau-xa-162564.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-02T15:09:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/kinh-luat-luan-40.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"563\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"50 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-cuong-luan-cau-xa-162564.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-cuong-luan-cau-xa-162564.html\",\"name\":\"\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 - 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