\n| Ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n | Ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u,
\nNg\u1eef v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nN\u0103m nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ta suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p. Khi s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p,nh\u01b0ng trong khi \u0111ang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00ean trong v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfu trong quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i th\u00eam v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, h\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3. V\u1eady khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef, n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c vui trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u01b0ng khi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec s\u1ebd m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 k\u1ebft q\u1ee7a, th\u00ec h\u00f3a ra kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n * TI\u1ebeT I. TH\u1ec2 T\u00c1NH C\u1ee6A NGHI\u1ec6P<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nN\u0103m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ec3?<\/p>\n \u00dd nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. C\u00f2n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a b\u1ed9 cho\u00a0h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p,\u00a0\u00e2m thanh\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1edfi th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn…sai bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu l\u00eca h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc c\u00f3 d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn.. .sai bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c; ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, n\u1ebfu l\u00eca \u00e2m thanh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n– Kinh b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea5y\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0<\/em>c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u1ecdi t\u1eafc l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u00a0<\/em>, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1t ng\u1eef t\u01b0,\u00a0<\/em>\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1a n\u01a1i th\u00e2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ef1a n\u01a1i l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u00fd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p. Ba nghi\u1ec7p s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, \u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\nC\u00f2n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, theo T\u00e1t- b\u00e0-\u0111a b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc th\u00e2n do \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Kinh b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, cho l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ra th\u00f4i. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi l\u00fd l\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a d\u1eabn ra t\u00e1m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho l\u1eadp ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh b\u1ed9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Kinh b\u1ed9 b\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh ra:<\/p>\n 1. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc. Theo kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m cu\u1ed1n 13, s\u1eafc chia ra l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i: Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng v.v…Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 n\u0103m c\u0103n v\u00e0 thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c (h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. Ngo\u00e0i hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, kinh c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt, th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Kinh b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi trong \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n 2. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea5y nghe hay bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu nh\u01b0 n\u0103m c\u0103n, n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng trong kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m: ”\u00a0<\/em>Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u00e2m \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m, s\u00e2n nhu\u1ebf, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu”. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, kinh c\u00f2n n\u00f3i s\u1eafc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu? Nh\u01b0ng Kinh b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng cho s\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh, do \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu th\u1ebf th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n3. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n (1). B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ec1n.
\n(2). B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9 .
\n(3). B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.
\n(4). B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n .
\n(5). B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1eebng.
\n(6). B\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c.
\n(7). T\u00f9y th\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n (B\u1ea3y ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y theo kinh n\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n Kinh\u00a0Trung A-h\u00e0m\u00a0<\/em>, ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ebf Gian Ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: ”\u00a0K\u1ebb thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef n\u00e0o, khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9c, ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00eam, ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng sanh, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng th\u00e2m, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng\u00a0<\/em>“. H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u. Khi ta suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ta. V\u1ec1 sau d\u00f9 c\u00f3 khi kh\u1edfi \u00e1c t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 khi kh\u1edfi v\u00f4 k\u00fd t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n4. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u1ed1n gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tay gi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 x\u00fai b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ebft. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u gi\u1ebft d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tay gi\u1ebft c\u0169ng m\u1eafc \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1i \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng theo Kinh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. B\u1edfi ch\u00ednh trong khi m\u01b0u t\u00ednh x\u00fai b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m x\u00fai gi\u1ebft d\u1ea5y l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft k\u1ebb m\u01b0u gi\u1ebft, khi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0u t\u00ednh x\u00fai b\u1ea3o m\u1eafc t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1t sanh th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n 5. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9, kinh\u00a0T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 13\u00a0<\/em>n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0B\u00ed-s\u00f4 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i\u00a0<\/em>“. Theo \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. V\u1eady n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc, c\u1edb sao kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ngay l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 Kinh b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn cho s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n6. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1m chi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, trong t\u00e1m chi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ba chi thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng\u00a0<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, khi nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, mi\u1ec7ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u0103ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng. Tuy trong \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba chi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1m chi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng trong khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ba chi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ba chi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u hi\u1ec7n ra? V\u00f4 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m chi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh sao? Nh\u01b0ng Kinh b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, h\u1ecd cho trong khi nh\u1eadp \u0111?nh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 do d\u1ef1a n\u01a1i t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ba chi ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ba chi \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n7. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u00e1c t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 k\u00fd t\u00e2m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh b\u1ed9 v\u1eabn cho gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng phi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp lu\u1eadt nghi bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n 8. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea. Khi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xong, l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0n ra ao h\u1ed3, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea, t\u1ea5t n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea. H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh b\u1ed9 v\u1eabn cho t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi khi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p, l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef do t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn sanh ra, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. Th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea5y\u00a0h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea5y\u00a0\u00e2m thanh\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi ra m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc, hay v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc do \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadn T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 122, 123 n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0Bi\u1ec3u, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/em>“. Nh\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01b0 (Kinh b\u1ed9) n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u00a0<\/em>” (Bi\u1ec3u, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00f4 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh,th\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u00e2n ng\u1eef, \u00fd, nghi\u1ec7p giai th\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0). V\u00e0 theo Kinh b\u1ed9, t\u01b0 chia ra b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9: 1)\u00a0Th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1\u00a0<\/em>;\u00a02)\u00a0Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0<\/em>;<\/u>\u00a03)\u00a0\u00d0\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n\u00a0<\/em>; 4)Ph\u00e1t ng\u1eef\u00a0<\/em>. Khi ta \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean suy x\u00e9t (th\u1ea9m t\u01b0 l\u1ef1), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0), c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p; t\u1eeb hai t\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9\u00fcng th\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (ng\u1eef ph\u00e1t t\u01b0), t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh do t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u1ea7m k\u00edn, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p hay v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0<\/em>vi t\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Xem \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\nC\u00c1C NGHI\u1ec6P L\u1ea4Y G\u00cc L\u00c0M TH\u1ec2, THEO CH\u1ee6 TR\u01af\u01a0NG C\u1ee6A H\u1eeeU B\u1ed8 V\u00c0 KINH B\u1ed8 sau:<\/p>\n \n\u00a0<\/caption>\n\n\n| \u00dd NGHI\u1ec6P<\/td>\n | \u00dd<\/td>\n | T\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0m th\u1ec3<\/td>\n | H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1 t\u01b0<\/td>\n | Kinh b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0<\/td>\n | Kinh b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| BI\u1ec2U<\/td>\n | Th\u00e2n<\/td>\n | H\u00ecnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m th\u1ec3<\/td>\n | H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ec3<\/td>\n | Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0<\/td>\n | Kinh b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ng\u1eef<\/td>\n | \u00c2m thanh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3<\/td>\n | H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m th\u1ec3<\/td>\n | Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ph\u00e1t ng\u1eef t\u01b0<\/td>\n | Kinh b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| V\u00d4 BI\u1ec2U<\/td>\n | Th\u00e2n<\/td>\n | S\u1eafc do \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n | H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/td>\n | Kinh b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ng\u1eef<\/td>\n | S\u1eafc do \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o<\/td>\n | H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/td>\n | Kinh b\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n V\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0<\/em>c\u1ee7a Kinh b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\nNh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ee9t b\u1ea3y chi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh v\u1ecb, th\u00ec hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0 gia h\u1ea1nh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi g\u1eb7p th\u1eafng duy\u00ean (c\u01a1 duy\u00ean t\u1ed1t), qua l\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft-ma th\u1ee9 ba xong, t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0 gia h\u1ea1nh, hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3y chi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1eb7p duy\u00ean x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 \u00e1c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u01b0, s\u00e1t-na s\u00e1t-na, b\u1ea3y chi c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng chia x\u1ebb ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Kinh b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i, t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y h\u00e2n t\u1eadp n\u01a1i s\u1eafc t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u00e2m n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu l\u00eca s\u1eafc t\u00e2m t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n TI\u1ebeT 2: C\u00c1C M\u1eb6T KH\u00c1C C\u1ee6A NGHI\u1ec6P<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nTrong ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00eau ra b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ecdai\u00a0c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd\u00a0<\/em>, lo\u1ea1i\u00a0n\u0103m s\u1ef1\u00a0<\/em>, lo\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u00ecnh phi t\u00ecnh\u00a0<\/em>, lo\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecb\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0 sau m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba c\u00f5i, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i sau h\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ba c\u00f5i, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\nV\u1ec0 T\u00c1NH CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A NGHI\u1ec6P<\/strong><\/p>\nNghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ba t\u00e1nh: thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, v\u00f4 k\u00fd, song ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ee9 v\u00f4 k\u00fd t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p. Do \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh ra th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 k\u00fd ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t ra\u00a0th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 k\u00fd\u00a0<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/em>T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec t\u00ednh v\u00f4 k\u00fd ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0nh d\u1eef, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\nNh\u01b0ng sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c v\u00f4 k\u00fd?<\/p>\n Lu\u1eadn\u00a0T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 51\u00a0<\/em>n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd\u00a0<\/em>“.<\/p>\nLu\u1eadn\u00a0C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 15\u00a0<\/em>n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p an \u1ed5n hay chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n xa l\u00eca th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng an \u1ed5n hay chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c; c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1nh tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c,\u00a0v\u00f4 k\u00fd t\u00e1nh\u00a0<\/em>“.<\/p>\nLu\u1eadn\u00a0C\u00e2u-x\u00e1\u00a0<\/em>13\u00a0<\/em>: \u2018\u00a0\u2019L\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean do \u0111\u1ec3 chia ba t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, v\u00f4 k\u00fd; m\u1ed7i t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 l\u00e0: th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u1edf\u00a0<\/em>i”.<\/p>\nB\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n1. Th\u1eafng nghi\u00e3 thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em>: Ch\u1ec9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n r\u1ea5t an \u1ed5n, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, b\u1eb7t d\u1ee9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5. Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n2. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em>: T\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho n\u0103m t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em>: T\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf nh\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n4. \u00d0\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n\u00a0<\/em>: Ch\u1ec9 cho th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean.<\/p>\nB\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 \u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n1.Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u00e1c\u00a0<\/em>: Ch\u1ec9 sanh t\u1eed, v\u00e0 sanh t\u1eed t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n2. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u00e1c:\u00a0<\/em>Ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m t\u00e2m s\u1edf: v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd, tham, s\u00e2n, si; v\u00ec t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u00e1c.<\/p>\n3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u00e1c:\u00a0<\/em>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n4. \u00d0\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi \u00e1c\u00a0<\/em>: Ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean.<\/p>\nV\u00f4 k\u00fd t\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 k\u00fd, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi. V\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a hai v\u00f4 vi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong 46 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai ho\u1eb7c ba t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba c\u00f5i, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3; c\u00f2n \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c; thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u1eafc. \u00c1c v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c. Th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef thi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n \u00e1c bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c. T\u00e1nh v\u00f4 ph\u00fa v\u00f4 k\u00fd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n BI\u1ec2U \u00d0\u1ed2 NGHI\u1ec6P PH\u00c2N BI\u1ec6T THEO GI\u1edaI \u00d0\u1ecaA<\/p>\n \n\u00a0<\/caption>\n\n\n| NGHI\u1ec6P<\/td>\n | Nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n | Thi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n | \u1edf ba c\u00f5i, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| V\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u00c1c<\/td>\n | ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Bi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n | Thi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n | ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| H\u1eefu ph\u00fa<\/td>\n | ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| V\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u00c1c<\/td>\n | ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f5i S\u1eafc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n | Thi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n | ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| \u00c1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n * TI\u1ebeT 3. \u00dd NGH\u0128A BI\u1ec2U NGHI\u1ec6P<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nV\u00d4 BI\u1ec2U NGHI\u1ec6P<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\nT\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p – v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 ba:<\/p>\n 1. Lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>\u00a0Thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n, l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m ba:<\/p>\na. Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u:\u00a0<\/em>Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u do s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb t\u1eebng t\u1ed9i n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef.<\/p>\nb. T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u:\u00a0<\/em>C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi”\u00a0<\/em>nh\u1edd nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef. V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh trong khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\nc. V\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u\u00a0<\/em>: C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/em>” Khi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u1eadu kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00eca b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ngay khi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u1eadu ph\u00e1t sinh, v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t ngay khi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u1eadu di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n2.B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>\u00a0Thu\u1ed9c \u00e1c.<\/p>\n3. Phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>\u00a0\u1ede gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\nBi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi c\u00f3 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9: B\u00ed-s\u00f4, B\u00ed-s\u00f4-ni, Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc, C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch, C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef v\u00e0 C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt nghi. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n: B\u00ed-s\u00f4, C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5. V\u00ec l\u00eca B\u00ed-s\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 B\u00ed-s\u00f4 ni, l\u00eca C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc. L\u00eca C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt nghi.<\/p>\n Trong t\u00e1m bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi, C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i gia. C\u00f2n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 kia thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadt nghi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, qua kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam h\u1ebft (d\u1ea1 t\u1eadn) gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3, c\u00f2 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 kia l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.V\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi C\u1eadn tr\u1ee5, theo Kinh b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n H\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>Lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p sanh hay kh\u00f4ng do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p sanh?<\/p>\n\u00d0\u00e1p\u00a0<\/em>: Do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p sanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p sanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3. Xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd r\u00f5:<\/p>\n\n\u00a0<\/caption>\n\n\n| V\u00d4 BI\u1ec2U<\/td>\n | Lu\u1eadt nghi (Thi\u1ec7n)<\/td>\n | Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi<\/td>\n | B\u00ed s\u00f4 gi\u1edbi
\nB\u00ed s\u00f4 ni gi\u1edbi
\nCh\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc
\nC\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch
\nC\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef
\nC\u1eadn s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi
\nC\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef
\nC\u1eadn tr\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi<\/td>\n | Bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n– T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi
\n– V\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi<\/td>\n | \n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n Ch\u1ec9 do V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi (\u00c1c)<\/td>\n | \n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n \n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n Bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Phi lu\u1eadt Phi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi (phi thi\u1ec7n phi \u00e1c)<\/td>\n | \n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n \n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n H\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m sao th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf?<\/p>\n\u00d0\u00e1p\u00a0<\/em>: Trong ba th\u1ee9 lu\u1eadt nghi: Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi.C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 k\u00fd14\u00a0<\/em>n\u00f3i ”\u00a0Lu\u1eadt nghi bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0h t\u1ef1u\u00a0<\/em>“. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n1. T\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la) m\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi C\u1eadn s\u1ef1, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef, C\u1eadn tr\u00fa, C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch, C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef.\u00a0C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 Quang k\u00fd 14\u00a0<\/em>n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch, C\u1ea7n s\u00e1ch n\u1eef t\u1eeb n\u01a1i hai v\u1ecb T\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc; C\u1eadn s\u1ef1, C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef, C\u1eadn tr\u00fa ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc\u00a0<\/em>“.<\/p>\n2. T\u1eeb T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 (T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, b\u1ed1n ngu\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u00ean) m\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi B\u00ed-s\u00f4, B\u00ed-s\u00f4-ni v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb T\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 t\u00fac, th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt, n\u0103m b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n a. Lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng n\u00eau m\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.
\nb. Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n n\u00eau n\u0103m duy\u00ean.
\nc. Lu\u1eadt T\u0103ng K\u1ef3 n\u00eau b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean.
\nd. Lu\u1eadt Ng\u0169 Ph\u1ea7n n\u00eau n\u0103m duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong n\u0103m b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n a. Lu\u1eadn T\u1ef3-ni m\u1eabu, n\u0103m duy\u00ean.
\nb. Lu\u1eadn Ma-\u0111\u1eafc-l\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0, m\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean .
\nc. Lu\u1eadn Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e1m duy\u00ean.
\nd. Lu\u1eadn T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a, b\u1ea3y duy\u00ean.
\n\u0111. Lu\u1eadn Minh Li\u1ec5u, b\u1ea3y duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3, C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 ch\u1ecdn\u00a0Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt\u00a0<\/em>n\u00eau m\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n1. T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c do v\u00f4 s\u01b0 tr\u00ed ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n2. Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1eafc:<\/strong> C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m T\u1ef3-kheo Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0, th\u1ea5y l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n3. Thi\u1ec7n tai \u0111\u1eafc<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Da-x\u00e1, do Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o: ”\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n lai T\u1ef7 kheo\u00a0<\/em>“(Ehi Bikkhu) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n4. T\u1ef1 th\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eafc:<\/strong>\u00a0T\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00d0\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp do tin v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng: ”\u00a0Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0<\/em>” m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n5. Lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc:\u00a0<\/strong>Ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00e1p v\u1ea5n” t\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fa b\u00e9 b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i T\u00f4-\u0111\u00e0-di, nh\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: ”\u00a0Nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u00a0<\/em>?” Ch\u00fa b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e1p: ”\u00a0Ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 (\u00a0<\/em>tam gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 gia)”, c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p l\u00e0m v\u1eeba \u00fd Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean d\u00f9 tu\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p T\u0103ng ki\u1ebft ma th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac cho.<\/p>\n6. Th\u1ecd tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: T\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00d0\u1ea1i Sanh Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ecd t\u00e1m k\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n7. Khi\u1ec3n s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eafc:<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ph\u00e1p Th\u1ecd T\u1ef7-kheo-ni. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o \u0111oan nghi\u00eam s\u1ee3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc, Ph\u1eadt sai s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi cho.<\/p>\n8. Bi\u00ean ng\u0169 \u0111\u1eafc<\/strong>: Do b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m T\u0103ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ec lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 Ki\u1ebft ma (tr\u00ec lu\u1eadt vi \u0111\u1ec7 ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n), t\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb T\u0103ng ki\u1ebft ma truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n9. Ki\u1ebft-ma \u0111\u1eafc:<\/strong> Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi do th\u1eadp ch\u00fang, t\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi T\u0103ng ki\u1ec1t-ma truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n10. Tam quy \u0111\u1eafc:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eafc, t\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u00f3m s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n (l\u1ee5c th\u1eadp hi\u1ec1n b\u1ed9). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tam ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eafc n\u00e0y, Lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng 60 n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0N\u1ebfu khi Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1ch t\u1ee9 ki\u1ebft ma, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o quy m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt, x\u01b0\u1edbng ba l\u1ea7n: T\u00f4i theo Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia,\u00a0<\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sau khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1ch t\u1ee9 ki\u1ebft ma, th\u00ec x\u01b0\u1edbng ba l\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t gia kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi”\u00a0<\/em>. Lu\u1eadn H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 n\u00f3i: ”\u00a0Tam ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eafc, tam quy \u0111\u1eafc, ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1m n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n sau t\u00e1m n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi\u00a0<\/em>“.<\/p>\nTrong m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean, t\u00e1m c\u00e1ch sau c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3u, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n hai c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n T\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>. Khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u1ecb, ch\u00ed, trung gian, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\nV\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi,\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>c\u0169ng v\u1eady, khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu v\u1ecb ch\u00ed, trung gian hay c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u1ec5 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng l\u00fac xa l\u00eca x\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u [*].<\/p>\n[*] C\u00f5i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc chia ra t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecba (b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh), m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh kia, n\u00ean c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u00ean ri\u00eang l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh hay v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec g\u1ecdi c\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung gian thi\u1ec1n, trung gian t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1. S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb, Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft t\u1ea7m t\u1eeb. Nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1eafp ra kh\u1ecfi s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a l\u00ean nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u1eeb (v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba),ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung gian \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf ch\u00f3t s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y<\/em><\/p>\nT\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edd b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ecd, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n Trong ba th\u1ee9 lu\u1eadt nghi tr\u00ean, bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n theo t\u00e2m (b\u1ea5t t\u00f9y t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i, sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00fac \u00e1c, l\u00fac v\u00f4 k\u00fd ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi h\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n theo t\u00e2m (t\u00f9y t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n), h\u1ec5 t\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3, xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n L\u1ea1i, ba lu\u1eadt nghi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng phi ch\u1ec9 \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau. Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 \u1edf t\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u1ecb v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u1ea3 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gia h\u1ea1nh, c\u0103n b?n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu kh\u1edfi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t sinh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean m\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129 s\u00e1t sinh, ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gia h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u1eb3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau khi gi\u1ebft xong, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng h?i h\u1eadn, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba c\u00e1ch hay ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e1t sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb ba c\u00e1ch hay ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 do \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh, khi t\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3, khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec m\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, hai lu\u1eadt nghi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb gia h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1eadu kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi, quy\u1ebft d\u1ee9t b\u1ea3y chi t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee9t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i theo n\u0103m s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u h\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n a. H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: T\u1ee9c th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng, ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00eca s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\nb. Chi \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: T\u1ee9c th\u1ec1 ta ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m… ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y chi t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\nc. X\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 l\u00eca s\u00e1t sinh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\nd. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: T\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00eca s\u00e1t sinh trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\u0111. Duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>: T\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ec1 l\u00eca m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sinh, tr\u1eeb v\u00ec l\u00fd do chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/p>\nH\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>C\u00f2n b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u (\u00e1c gi\u1edbi) l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh?<\/p>\n\u00d0\u00e1p:\u00a0<\/em>Do hai l\u00fd do: 1. L\u00e0m; 2. Th\u1ec1 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n1. L\u00e0m\u00a0<\/em>: Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sanh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi, nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ee3 s\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3… l\u00fac th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c k\u00edch vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u00e1c, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m suy t\u01b0 theo th\u00f3i \u00e1c \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a nh\u00fang tay l\u00e0m th\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh \u00e1c gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u00fang tay l\u00e0m t\u1ee9c li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n2. Th\u1ec1 l\u00e0m\u00a0<\/em>: Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u00e1c gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng do th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sinh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp… c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u, b\u00e8n th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng. Ngay khi th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a nh\u00fang tay l\u00e0m.<\/p>\nTuy v\u1eady, theo H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, d\u00f9 l\u00e0m hay th\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y chi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 \u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 phi lu\u1eadt nghi, phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, theo Kinh b\u1ed9, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 bay chi, kh\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u (\u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u).<\/p>\n H\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>C\u00f2n phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi do th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh?<\/p>\n\u00d0\u00e1p:\u00a0<\/em>Phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi (phi thi\u1ec7n phi \u00e1c gi\u1edbi) \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n1. Do ru\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0<\/em>: T\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng hoa qu\u1ea3, v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y… ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1eafng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng,… Khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n2. Do th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh\u00a0<\/em>: T\u1ee9c th\u1ec1 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec1: ”\u00a0H\u1ec5 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0103n\u00a0<\/em>“, khi v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n3. Do l\u00e0m\u00a0<\/em>: T\u1ee9c sau khi ph\u00e1t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m (l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt) hay ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u00e2m (\u0111\u00e1nh m\u1eafng) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u0103ng h\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec ngay khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e0nh phi lu\u1eadt nghi phi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi l\u00e0 hai gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p. Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadt nghi n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc, ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafc, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f2n b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u, n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n H\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi, \u00e1c gi\u1edbi (lu\u1eadt nghi, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt nghi), v\u1eady x\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi, \u00e1c gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 x\u1ea3 bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb gi\u1edbi c\u1eadn tr\u00fa, c\u00f2n b\u1ea3y gi\u1edbi kia \u0111\u1ec1u do b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean x\u1ea3:<\/p>\n C\u1ed1 \u00fd x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi;
\nM\u1ec7nh chung;
\nNam n\u1eef c\u0103n c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n;
\n\u00d0o\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n.<\/p>\n Gi\u1edbi c\u1eadn tr\u00fa ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f2n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, v\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, h\u1ec5 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n th\u00ec gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, Kinh b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m: “B\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, h\u1ec5 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t”. H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ph\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, th\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 theo kinh b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n H\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>X\u1ea3 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt nghi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\u00d0\u00e1p\u00a0<\/em>: C\u00f3 ba duy\u00ean x\u1ea3:<\/p>\n1. D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba: T\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba sanh l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba sanh xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec x\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u1eadu lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eady.<\/p>\n 2. Th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n: L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u1ea5t th\u1eafng \u0111?nh n\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n 3. M\u1ea1ng chung<\/p>\n H\u1ecfi:\u00a0<\/em>X\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu lu\u1eadt nghi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\u00d0\u00e1p\u00a0<\/em>: Do ba duy\u00ean x\u1ea3:<\/p>\n | | | | | | | |