{"id":162821,"date":"2019-05-02T14:38:52","date_gmt":"2019-05-02T07:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=162821"},"modified":"2019-05-02T14:38:52","modified_gmt":"2019-05-02T07:38:52","slug":"bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed2 \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c2M LY T\u01af\u1edaNG LU\u1eacN<\/h2>\n

T\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3: Long-Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t.<\/em>
\nH\u00e1n-d\u1ecbch: Ng\u00e0i Th\u00ed-H\u1ed9 <\/em>
\nVi\u1ec7t-d\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Con xin quy m\u1ec7nh k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.
\nNay con xin n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a \u201cb\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m\u201d.
\nCon c\u0169ng xin ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n d\u0169ng ki\u1ec7n, c\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 binh-kh\u00ed tinh-nhu\u1ec7, quy\u1ebft \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i-b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n-duy\u00ean ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o-qu\u1ea3. Con nay c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh-gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ki\u00ean-c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh-m\u00f4n t\u1ed5ng-tr\u00ec (2) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nay t\u00f4i n\u00f3i l\u1eddi t\u00e1n-th\u00e1n t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang-sinh. T\u00f4i mong ch\u00fang-sinh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n-h\u1ed3i sinh-t\u1eed. T\u00f4i mong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang-sinh, n\u1ebfu ai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t, ch\u01b0a an-\u1ed5n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an-\u1ed5n, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean-m\u00e3n th\u1eafng nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n an l\u1eadp th\u1ec3-nh\u00e2n (3) ch\u00e2n-ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1-t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3-nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c-qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7-nh\u1ea5t-ngh\u0129a, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3-nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ef1-t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4-sinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m kia, n\u00ean nay t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft ra lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u00ednh\u201d.<\/p>\n

H\u1eceI: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u00ednh?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00c1P: \u201cc\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng, xa l\u00eca th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u1ea3, t\u1ef1-t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ea3n-lai kh\u00f4ng sinh, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ea3n lai v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i sao trong \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3, u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n-ti\u1ec7n v\u00f4 th\u1ec3? Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ai th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c li\u1ec5u t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y an-tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ed7 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c-li\u1ec5u t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 kia: d\u00f9ng bi-t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i-bi l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi v.v…, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3-t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng phi-t\u01b0\u1edbng-\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadm-tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Trong c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n n\u01a1i ta, t\u00ean c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c hay ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p hay c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i theo t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u00e0nh-\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng-h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, n\u00ean ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u00ednh. D\u00f9 ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean trong hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, do nh\u00e2n g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p-tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00f9y theo h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p. T\u00e2m-t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh \u201cv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh kia l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t sinh ra, m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cng\u00e3\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y? N\u1ebfu xa l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf-gian r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng-ng\u1ea1i. Gi\u00e1c-li\u1ec5u r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng-ng\u1ea1i. \u201cTh\u1ee7\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cX\u1ea3\u201d, t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201cU\u1ea9n\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1: s\u1eafc, th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. n\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c-ti\u00eau tu-h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Thanh-V\u0103n. S\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt. Th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u1ed5i. T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 tia s\u00e1ng th\u00e1i-d\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i. Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u00f2 huy\u1ec5n-thu\u1eadt. Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n, c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00ed-d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nay l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a S\u1eaeC-U\u1ea8N. T\u1ee9-\u0111\u1ea1i-ch\u1ee7ng (\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p g\u00ec do ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u1eafc-u\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 S\u1eafc-u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ba u\u1ea9n: Th\u1ee5, T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh. H\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c-u\u1ea9n s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 v\u1ec1 X\u1ee8, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1: nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef5, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd-x\u1ee9 \u1edf trong v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p-x\u1ee9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 GI\u1edaI, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi-ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef5, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd-c\u0103n; gi\u1edbi-ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef5, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh-gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p-tr\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-s\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi-ph\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. V\u00ec, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ra ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p-tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u2013 Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u2013 N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1-ho\u1ea1i. \u2013 C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i: \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng-d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho S\u1eafc-u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u2013 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u201cphi nh\u1ea5t, phi d\u1ecb\u201d (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c). C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Ba-r\u1ecb-m\u1ed9t-ra-nh\u00e3-ca…(4) , h\u1ecd t\u00f9y theo v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, kh\u1edfi ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t ba chi\u1ec1u (c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng…). Ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9ng, m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t-h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ed1i-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f9-th\u1eafng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a TH\u1ee8C \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1ea3nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7, x\u1ea3. Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i-ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ec3u-hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng, do \u00e1nh quang-minh n\u01a1i t\u1ef1-th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng soi t\u1ecf. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec5n-h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh th\u00e1i-d\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebfn ra th\u00e0nh C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0 (5) , l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p-tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 tr\u00ed do t\u00e2m ngu-ch\u1ea5p, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh-s\u1eafc cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Do ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a u\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang xa l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi-ph\u1eadn sai-bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 do s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp-\u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i ph\u1eadn-v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, trong Th\u00e0nh-Duy-Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ef1-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a TH\u1ee8C nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u2013 Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef T\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m\u201d. Ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu-si kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00e3-t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e2m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng sinh ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u1edfi ra t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0-gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ki\u1ebfn-l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u00ec ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1eadt (ph\u00e1p) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ngay trong \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p (s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00ec b\u1ed5n lai, t\u1ef1-t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng sinh. Nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 sinh-kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, song, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng. T\u1ef1-t\u00e2m t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ec3-nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c, v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t sinh ra Du-gi\u00e0 h\u00e0nh-m\u00f4n (6) . Nh\u01b0ng, trong v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ed7 y-ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p n\u1ecd, ph\u00e1p kia l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c-th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh-t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1-kh\u1ee9, qu\u00e1-kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb-lai, v\u1ecb-lai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n-t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n-t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5. V\u1eady, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1edf trong ba \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ee5\u201d? \u2013 Nh\u01b0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng c\u00e2y, do s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4-ng\u00e3. Th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf-y. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecf, tan di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, do n\u01a1i suy ngh\u0129 bi\u1ebfn-hi\u1ec7n ra. A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c (7) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111i, c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu-t\u00ecnh, v\u00ec \u201cph\u00e1p nh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb\u201d (s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf). V\u00ed nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, m\u1ecdi d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ed7 y-ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n-s\u00e1t c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c kia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng sinh ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i kia \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u1ea5y c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i kia \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec n\u00f3i ra l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1edbi n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft-\u0111\u1ecbnh sinh. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft-\u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft-\u0111\u1ecbnh sinh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u theo s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn. N\u0103ng-tri (ch\u1ee7-\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft), s\u1edf-tri (b\u1ecb-\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft) l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n sai-bi\u1ec7t. S\u1edf-tri n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng-tri l\u00e0m sao th\u00e0nh-l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hai ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho n\u00ean, s\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00ean. C\u00e1i t\u00ean \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u-l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00ean kia v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Do c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed-gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n n\u00ean qu\u00e1n-s\u00e1t t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, hay trung-gian c\u1ee7a hai ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh-s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3n-s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u-l\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng nam, n\u1eef. Ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u00e0ng-m\u00f4n (8) . Ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. C\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y do c\u1ea3nh-gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n-c\u0103n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt-tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n-s\u00e1t b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh hay l\u00e0 v\u00f4-t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh, l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u2013 N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d, l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. L\u00eca kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m, trong n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d? \u2013 V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cn\u0103ng-gi\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cs\u1edf-gi\u00e1c\u201d. N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0-Lai. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u0103ng-gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1edf-gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh-l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3 v\u00f4 sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khen ng\u1ee3i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng. Th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1-nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1-kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n-t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb-lai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ebfp-t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 an-tr\u1ee5 trong c\u1ea3nh-gi\u1edbi b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. Tuy s\u1ef1-nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp-t\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eb3ng-l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1n-s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5\u00e2n-h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp-t\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u-ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 ba h\u1eefu: D\u1ee5c-h\u1eefu, s\u1eafc-h\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4-s\u1eafc-h\u1eefu. Ch\u00fang tr\u1ee5 trong ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 sinh, \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. N\u1ebfu \u0111em v\u00f4 sinh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, qu\u00e1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu \u0111em nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang li\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh hai th\u1ee9 ki\u1ebfn-t\u01b0\u1edbng: \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n-s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng kia, t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. Cho n\u00ean t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c s\u1edf-duy\u00ean m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 trong t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n h\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ecb an-tr\u1ee5, trong \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 hai t\u00ean sai-bi\u1ec7t, \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1ea5y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con s\u01b0-t\u1eed \u1edf th\u1ebf-gian, n\u00f3 r\u1ed1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, m\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n-ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1i kia \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c-ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng sinh ra. T\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, h\u1eb3n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau. T\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u00f4-\u0111\u1ec1, \u01b0a th\u00edch b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea3n-lai t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u ngh\u0129a b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m. V\u1eadt v\u00f4-t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh. T\u00ednh v\u00f4-t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ra sao? N\u1ebfu xa l\u00eca ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00ec t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. T\u1ef1-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eadt, ng\u1ecdt l\u00e0 t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda, n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kia kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kia, ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca. V\u00ec ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e3o t\u1eed l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh-l\u1eadp ra. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng huy\u1ec5n, th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. V\u00ec do ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, n\u00f3i ra m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi-ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi-lu\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang lu\u00e2n-chuy\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n-ho\u00e0n trong c\u1eeda sinh-t\u1eed, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ta, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang-sinh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai-bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ba th\u1ee9: nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3-b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Trong \u00fd-ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean-sinh, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda c\u1ea3nh-gi\u1edbi sinh-t\u1eed. S\u1ef1-ki\u1ec7n kia, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m b\u0103ng-ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 do U\u1ea8N sinh ra. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean-t\u1ebf sau khi b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n-h\u1ed3i. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, v\u00ec do \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d sinh ra. Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 sinh ra, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch sinh m\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng, b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u-hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean-sinh. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n sinh, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sinh. Nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m sao sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 sinh m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i trong ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. V\u00ec ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y, th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y, th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o-t\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o ch\u1ee9a g\u00f3p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m sinh ra. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00e2m kho\u00e1i-l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ecbch-t\u0129nh. T\u00e2m t\u1ecbch-t\u0129nh kia kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed-gi\u1ea3 n\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n-s\u00e1t s\u1ef1-v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0\u201d. C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c-t\u1ebf\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3nh lu\u00e2n-h\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i-ngu-si. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh lu\u00e2n-h\u1ed3i, b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n-chuy\u1ec3n trong s\u00e1u th\u00fa: thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n, a-tu-la, \u0111\u1ecba-ng\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3-qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 s\u00fac-sinh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1eadc tr\u00ed-gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 kia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, khi qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd-ni\u1ec7m l\u1ee3i tha v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u01a1n Ph\u1eadt. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em bi-t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng-t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang-sinh, cha m\u1eb9 quy\u1ebfn-thu\u1ed9c, v\u00ec l\u1eeda d\u1eef phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sinh b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n-h\u1ed3i sinh-t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang-sinh ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu thay. Nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng-h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vui h\u00f2a-h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1-th\u00ed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang-sinh.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p-qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00e1i v\u00e0 phi-\u00e1i, thi\u1ec7n-th\u00fa v\u00e0 \u00e1c-th\u00fa, l\u1ee3i-\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i-\u00edch, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n-lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 sai-bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7, kh\u1edfi ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng: Ph\u1ea1m-V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ebf-Th\u00edch, H\u1ed9-Th\u1ebf Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng v.v… L\u00e0 tr\u1eddi hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ebf-gian.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba-ng\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3-qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac-sinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang-sinh \u1edf trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng-lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng. S\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u00eau-\u00edch, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n theo ch\u1ee7ng-lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3i kh\u00e1t b\u1ee9c-b\u00e1ch, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau. B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean qu\u1ea3-kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau-ho\u1ea1i. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1-t\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p-b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang-sinh trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n-th\u00fa v\u00e1 \u00e1c-th\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi ra t\u00e2m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang-sinh, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang-sinh xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p-c\u1ea5u. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i-bi l\u00e0m c\u0103n-b\u1ea3n, l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang-sinh kia l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf-duy\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p-tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd-v\u1ecb vui s\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1-l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3-b\u00e1o. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua qu\u1ea3-\u0111\u1ecba Thanh-V\u0103n, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ch\u00fang-sinh, tu h\u1ea1nh l\u1ee3i tha, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u0111em t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i-bi qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang-sinh. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y ng\u1ee5c A-t\u1ef3 (9) r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, ch\u00fang-sinh t\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p-nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n-chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5-b\u00e1o \u1ea5y. M\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i b\u00e1o \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i-bi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 thay cho ch\u00fang-sinh. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh-t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00f3i ra nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t l\u1ebd \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, thu\u1eadn-h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p-qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang-sinh. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang-sinh, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u1edfi ra t\u00e2m d\u0169ng-m\u00e3nh, l\u0103n v\u00e0o n\u01a1i b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y sinh-t\u1eed. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i tuy \u1edf trong sinh-t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m-tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 hoa sen thanh-t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i-bi l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ch\u00fang-sinh, d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng-tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n, th\u1ecb-hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1ng-sinh n\u01a1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng-cung, v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t-gia, tu \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1ed5-h\u1ea1nh, ng\u1ed3i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1eb3ng-Ch\u00ednh-Gi\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n-th\u00f4ng-l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ma qu\u00e2n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang-sinh, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i-ph\u00e1p-lu\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n ra ba \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea3o-giai, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh-t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn-h\u00f3a. Ng\u00e0i thu\u1eadn theo t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. V\u00e0, trong kho\u1ea3ng trung-gian \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m Ph\u1ea1m-V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ebf-Th\u00edch v.v… L\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi… t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n. Do Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecb-hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c s\u1eafc-t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u201cC\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1o-S\u01b0\u201d. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1-ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n-l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i-bi c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u-ph\u1ee5c th\u1ebf-gian, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf-gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an-tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng-h\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, \u1edf trong lu\u00e2n-h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng sinh t\u00e2m tho\u00e1i-chuy\u1ec3n, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. T\u1eeb trong Nh\u1ea5t-th\u1eeba n\u00f3i ra ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ecb-th\u1eeba. Nh\u1ea5t-th\u1eeba, Nh\u1ecb-th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c. L\u00e0 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Thanh-V\u0103n hay l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-th\u00e2n (ch\u00e2n-th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7), m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 n\u00f3i ra m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec d\u1eabn-\u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00fang-sinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang-sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i, b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u00fac-tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5-t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed. T\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed kia l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p theo lo\u1ea1i sinh ra. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng-tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng sinh-t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang-sinh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf-gian, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd-ngh\u0129a xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t. Ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u. Ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1-h\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1-h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u00e1p \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef v\u1eefng t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tr\u00ed-ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u201cki\u1ebfn\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang-sinh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i-\u00edch cho ch\u00fang-sinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u201cc\u00f3\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u201cc\u00f3\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh-t\u1eed, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u an-tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u201cv\u00f4-tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i: \u201cBi-t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi sinh ra, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00fac t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i.\u201d L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do uy-th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t sinh, m\u00e0 hai h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1-l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i-tha th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n

Con nay xin \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5 Nh\u1ea5t-Thi\u1ebft-T\u00ednh kia. Con th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh T\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1 kia. Mong ch\u1ed7 x\u01b0ng-t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt-ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n-di\u1ec7t. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 \u1edf th\u1ebf-gian. T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng trong \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba. Ch\u00ednh-ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con an-tr\u1ee5 trong t\u00e2m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m \u0110\u1eb3ng-D\u1eabn (10) , v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n sinh ra. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, th\u1ea5y sinh-t\u1eed b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng, hai h\u1ea1nh: t\u1ef1-l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i-tha th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u. t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, l\u00eca c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn-t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4-ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t-tr\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed-gi\u1ea3, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, h\u1ed9i-t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac-b\u00e1o v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ai, trong kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1t-na, qu\u00e1n-t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ed9i-t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac-b\u00e1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec, t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1ea5t-li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 thanh-t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t-li\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c ki\u00ean-c\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o, c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1nh-nguy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ed5-Hi\u1ec1n (11) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. T\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c, l\u00eca c\u00e1c h\u00fd-lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh-m\u00f4n thanh-t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Ph\u1ed5-Hi\u1ec1n, xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00e2y xin n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nay khen ng\u1ee3i t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,
\nNh\u01b0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng-T\u00fac-T\u00f4n (12) ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i ra.
\nT\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y: t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n, th\u1eafng,
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac-b\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nT\u00f4i \u0111em ph\u00fac n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang-sinh,
\nMong ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ec3n tam h\u1eefu.
\nKhen ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00fd,
\nTr\u00ed-gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1-T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn: Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y mang s\u1ed1 1661 trong \u0110\u1ea1i-Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i-T\u1ea1ng Kinh. B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1 (Bodhi): X\u01b0a d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, nay d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1c\u201d. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t. Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c-ng\u1ed9. Ch\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1c-ng\u1ed9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd. L\u00dd: Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. D\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o-ch\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9ng Nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-tr\u00ed ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. S\u1ef0: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu-vi. D\u1ee9t s\u1edf-tri-ch\u01b0\u1edbng, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng-tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1-T\u00e2m: T\u00e2m mong c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n-\u0111\u1ea1o hay t\u00e2m mong c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ednh- gi\u00e1c. B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: 1) Duy\u00ean-s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m: L\u1ea5y 4 ho\u1eb1ng-th\u1ec7-nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a-\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang-sinh v\u00e0 vi\u00ean-th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ea1o. 2) Duy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1- t\u00e2m: Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n-lai t\u1ecbch-di\u1ec7t, an-tr\u1ee5 trong th\u1ef1c-t\u01b0\u1edbng trung-\u0111\u1ea1o, nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh-gi\u00e1c, h\u00f3a-\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang-sinh. B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m ly t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n-th\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1n-chi\u1ebfu: ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p, u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh-t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0-huy\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn-hi\u1ec7n. L\u00eca m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh- t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00e0nh-t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ec7-nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m ly t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ed5ng-tr\u00ec: Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0-ra-ni (Dh\u00e0rani), Trung-Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng-Tr\u00ec: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng sinh. Th\u1ef1c- h\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng-tr\u00ec c\u00f3 4 ph\u00e1p-m\u00f4n: ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a, ch\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

(3) Th\u1ec3-nh\u00e2n: Nh\u00e2n-t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean-th\u1ee7y trong b\u1ea3n-th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1-v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(4) Ba-r\u1ecb-m\u1ed9t-ra-nh\u00e3-ca: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c-s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t-gia. Trung-Hoa d\u1ecbch- ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cBi\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t\u201d hay \u201cPh\u1ed5 h\u00e0nh\u201d. Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111i xin \u0103n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1-v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o-l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(5) Th\u00e0nh C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0: \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1-v\u1eadt trong gi\u1ea3-t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00c1nh th\u00e1i-d\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecf s\u00f2, v\u1ecf \u1ed1c trong bi\u1ec3n, \u00e1nh n\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean l\u1ea5p-l\u00e1nh, \u1edf xa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0. C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0 (Gandharva), Trung- Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea7m H\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, t\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00e2m-nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao-L\u1ee3i. N\u01a1i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u00e2m-nh\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh-qu\u00e1ch, phong-c\u1ea3nh cho \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. C\u1ea3nh v\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3-t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

(6) Du-gi\u00e0 (Yoga): Trung-Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u1ee9ng\u201d. T\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 5 lo\u1ea1i: ho\u00e0n- c\u1ea3nh, h\u00e0nh-\u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, th\u00e0nh-qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0103n-c\u01a1 ch\u00fang-sinh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c-h\u00e0nh, \u1ee9ng-h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, h\u00e0nh, l\u00fd, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

(7) A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c (Alaya): Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8 trong Duy-Th\u1ee9c-H\u1ecdc. Trung-Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea1ng-th\u1ee9c\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u00e0m-t\u00e0ng, hay c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(8) Ho\u00e0ng-m\u00f4n: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ph\u00e1i-t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9-ph\u1eadn sinh-d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nam hay n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

(9) A-T\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba-ng\u1ee5c: A-T\u1ef3 (Avichi), Trung-Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4-gi\u00e1n\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba- ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng-gian, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng-tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat gi\u00e1n-\u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(10) \u0110\u1eb3ng-d\u1eabn: Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 Tam-ma-\u1ebf-\u0111a (Sam\u00e0hita), Trung-Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng-d\u1eabn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p trong ph\u00e1p-m\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m an-h\u00f2a, b\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng-d\u1eabn\u201d v.v…<\/p>\n

(11) Ph\u1ed5-Hi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1nh-nguy\u1ec7n: L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t-nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c-h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Ph\u1ed5-Hi\u1ec1n. B\u1ed3- T\u00e1t Ph\u1ed5-Hi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 10 \u0111\u1ea1i-nguy\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c-h\u00e0nh, ph\u1ee5ng-s\u1ef1 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang-sinh.<\/p>\n

(12) L\u01b0\u1ee1ng-T\u00fac-T\u00f4n: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea7y-\u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00fac-\u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 2540
\nT\u1ed5-\u0110\u00ecnh T\u1eeb-Quang
\n2176 Ontario East Montreal, Quebec H2K 1V6 Canada. <\/em>1996<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3: Long-Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. H\u00e1n-d\u1ecbch: Ng\u00e0i Th\u00ed-H\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7t-d\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":172118,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[73],"yoast_head":"\nB\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3: Long-Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. H\u00e1n-d\u1ecbch: Ng\u00e0i Th\u00ed-H\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7t-d\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-02T07:38:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/phap-bao-5.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"37 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html\",\"name\":\"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-02T07:38:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-05-02T07:38:52+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/d3b3df29f4bd65d225de4a009301422e\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/\",\"name\":\"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/d3b3df29f4bd65d225de4a009301422e\",\"name\":\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3bec025aa636c3ca5f639852dfa4ac6a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3bec025aa636c3ca5f639852dfa4ac6a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/author\/ppud\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","og_description":"T\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3: Long-Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. H\u00e1n-d\u1ecbch: Ng\u00e0i Th\u00ed-H\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7t-d\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u","og_url":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html","og_site_name":"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","article_published_time":"2019-05-02T07:38:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2048,"height":1152,"url":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/phap-bao-5.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng","Est. reading time":"37 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html","url":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html","name":"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-05-02T07:38:52+00:00","dateModified":"2019-05-02T07:38:52+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/d3b3df29f4bd65d225de4a009301422e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/bo-de-tam-ly-tuong-luan-162821.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o","item":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m Ly T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#website","url":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/","name":"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","description":"Just another WordPress site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/d3b3df29f4bd65d225de4a009301422e","name":"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3bec025aa636c3ca5f639852dfa4ac6a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3bec025aa636c3ca5f639852dfa4ac6a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng"},"url":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/author\/ppud"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162821"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162821"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162821\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/172118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}