{"id":163075,"date":"2019-05-03T08:10:20","date_gmt":"2019-05-03T01:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=163075"},"modified":"2019-05-03T08:10:20","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T01:10:20","slug":"trung-luan-thich-vien-ly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/trung-luan-thich-vien-ly-163075.html","title":{"rendered":"Trung Lu\u1eadn – Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean L\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trung Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Long Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00ed Thanh M\u1ee5c Th\u00edch Dao T\u1ea7n C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean L\u00fd<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: QU\u00c1N NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN<\/h3>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sai bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra, n\u00eau l\u00ean (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y) nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n thu\u1eadt. Con c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 sanh (sanh ra t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3) c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c (tha sanh) m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb T\u1ef1 v\u00e0 Tha c\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 sanh (c\u1ecdng sanh) l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n) v\u00ec th\u1ebf bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 sanh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu) trong duy\u00ean (nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n), v\u00e0, v\u00ec do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tha t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb trang k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u1eb1m trong ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n ( ) c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hoa th\u1ecb (*) \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (* ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, sanh di\u1ec7t); th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 duy\u00ean (* \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean: t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf sanh di\u1ec7t n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n); duy\u00ean duy\u00ean (*s\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean: t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean (*nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i; do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng…), ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n duy\u00ean tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 (* ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p, mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean hay l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i phi duy\u00ean (phi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1)? Trong c\u00e1c duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n Qu\u1ea3 (*c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) hay l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3) sanh ra Qu\u1ea3, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, n\u1ebfu Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a sanh th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao, v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi (n\u00f3) l\u00e0 Phi duy\u00ean (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i duy\u00ean, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n)?<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong duy\u00ean (hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong duy\u00ean), c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadn (v\u00ec n\u1ebfu) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y g\u00ec (ai) l\u00e0m duy\u00ean (v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu sanh (c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh ra) (Phi h\u1eefu sanh) m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh (phi v\u00f4 sanh), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 sanh hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh (phi h\u1eefu v\u00f4 sanh), th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: c\u00f3 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00fac qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a sanh th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, (v\u00ec n\u1ebfu) ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ec7 Duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: Ph\u00e1p vi di\u1ec7u ch\u01a1n th\u1eadt (ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng) trong \u0111\u00f3 (trong t\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 (v\u00f4 duy\u00ean ph\u00e1p), th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) Duy\u00ean Duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1eefu, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c (cho r\u1eb1ng) c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c hay qu\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n (d\u00f9 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c hay gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng) th\u00ec v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Qu\u1ea3 trong Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu, (qu\u1ea3) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng trong Duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 (qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb Duy\u00ean v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3) kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb trong Phi Duy\u00ean (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean) sanh ra?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu, Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb Duy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng, (c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) Duy\u00ean \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb Duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb Duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb Phi Duy\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, n\u00ean, Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Phi Duy\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T S\u1ef0 CHUY\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ed8NG V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 KH\u00d4NG CHUY\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ed8NG<\/h3>\n

(Qu\u00e1n S\u00e1t S\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110i)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u00e1ch l\u00eca c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed1t c\u00e1i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ngay \u0111ang khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 (ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp) \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng? V\u00e0, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 (ph\u00e1p) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng (bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp) th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111ang khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3) di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng: M\u1ed9t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 (ph\u00e1p) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 hai kh\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 (*kh\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3, ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebb \u0111ang di \u0111\u1ed9ng) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean: c\u00f3 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ng\u00e3) di \u0111\u1ed9ng, do v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (*nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ng\u00e3) th\u00ec s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (c\u00f3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp l\u00e0 s\u1ef1) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ngh\u0129a l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i? v\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng (t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n) ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn hai lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0, hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ai b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111ang) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean h\u1ecd m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n) c\u00f3 (m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp) di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 (trong \u0111\u00f3) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1) xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o, v\u00e0, c\u00e1i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, hai s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng, khi ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng?<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean (\u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 (k\u1ebb) \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean?<\/p>\n

(\u0110\u00e3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng) k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean (* v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n), l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: n\u1ebfu \u0111ang khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng (* ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9: s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. (tam th\u1eddi di chuy\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n

Cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ngay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (*ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec: t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 hai v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ngay trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ba s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u00e3, ch\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111ang) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ba s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) th\u00ec k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ba s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ebb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (s\u1edf x\u1ee9 kh\u1ee9) c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. (* nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi-kh\u00f4ng: Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 BA: QU\u00c1N L\u1ee4C T\u00ccNH<\/h3>\n

M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… s\u00e1u t\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (t\u00ednh n\u0103ng), m\u1eaft v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… s\u00e1u t\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a) s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n (t\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0) h\u00e0nh (* h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u00fd ch\u00ed trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh), s\u1eafc (* S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda) v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… th\u00ec m\u1eaft (ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 l\u1eeda th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 (th\u00edch h\u1ee3p) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh (lu\u1eadn l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng) m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt (ph\u00e1p). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (* ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 hai).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111ang th\u1ea5y (l\u00fac ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng (\u0111\u1ec3) th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 (s\u1ef1) th\u1ea5y, (c\u00e1i) ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y (phi ki\u1ebfn) c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb xong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb k\u1ebb th\u1ea5y (* c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf).<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch l\u00eca c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y hay ch\u1eb3ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y (*ki\u1ebfn: nh\u00e3n c\u0103n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y (*kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn: s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0, v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf n\u00ean, th\u1ee9c v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p (* th\u1ee9c, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00e1i) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, (v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec), b\u1ed1n th\u1ee7 (*d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7) v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c duy\u00ean l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, \u00e2m thinh (thinh tr\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 T\u01af: QU\u00c1N N\u0102M \u1ea4M<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch l\u00eca s\u1eafc nh\u00e2n (* ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc (ph\u00e1p) m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00eca s\u1eafc (ph\u00e1p) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

L\u00eca s\u1eafc nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec, s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00eca s\u1eafc (ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 (s\u1eafc) nh\u00e2n, th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 (* v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n phi l\u00fd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean, b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean (kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng Qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n (n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd \u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1?ng \u1ea5m, h\u00e0nh \u1ea5m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5m v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng (gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi) nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n (v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) ai mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e0 l\u00eca b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi v\u1ea5n kia.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng (l\u00eca Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, (v\u00ec l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u0169ng m\u00ea \u0111\u1ed9n) ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec k\u1ebb nghi v\u1ea5n kia.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M: QU\u00c1N L\u1ee4C CH\u1ee6NG<\/h3>\n

(\u0110\u1ecba, Th\u1ee7y, H\u1ecfa, Phong, Kh\u00f4ng, Th\u1ee9c)<\/p>\n

L\u00fac ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng) th\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 (h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng (v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng).<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3) v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y (kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3) trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. Trong Ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng) (*\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng) th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng (* v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng – v\u00f4 s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o).<\/p>\n

Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 H\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng (c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng), (n\u1ebfu y v\u00e0o) t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a (v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5) (* v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng ), c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00eca b\u1ecf h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng (c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng) th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a n\u00e0o (*kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c: kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng (n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00ean Ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (* s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng: t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng hay t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0, v\u00ec Ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00ean Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng (n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbng) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (d\u1ecbch c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (ph\u00e1p), n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edbng (n\u0103ng) (b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 Kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (s\u1edf) (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng) v\u00e0, khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eabn Kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng) th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a) s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu (* h\u1eefu: th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4 (* c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ) th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft k\u1ebb tri nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 H\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai r\u1ed3i (* \u00fd n\u00f3i k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt-c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 phi v\u00f4 (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3); n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 phi t\u01b0\u1edbng (n\u0103ng), phi kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (s\u1edf) (* ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edf). Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u0103m th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c (\u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c) c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng (* t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: phi h\u1eefu di\u1ec7c phi v\u00f4, phi t\u01b0\u1edbng phi kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi\u1ec3n tr\u00ed (c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t) ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt) qua t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f4 (c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng) n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ecbch l\u1eb7ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(*K\u1ebb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n ngu \u0111\u1ed9n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec7t Ki\u1ebfn An \u1ed5n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t an l\u1ea1c).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U: QU\u00c1N \u00c1I D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 K\u1eba THAM NHI\u1ec4M \u00c1I D\u1ee4C<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch l\u00eca nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c) k\u1ebb \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 (th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang). B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00ean m\u1edbi sanh ra nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u00f2ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu (suy lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec) c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3i).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (ph\u00e1p) th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec, hai v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra khi l\u00eca b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t (\u00e1i d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c) m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t nhau nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 g\u00ec? V\u00e0 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng (th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh hai ph\u00e1p) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 sai kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng (t\u1ea1i sao) sau l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edbng (th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p)?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh (t\u01b0\u1edbng) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sai kh\u00e1c (* n\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t, (m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t (d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng)) r\u1ed3i th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao (v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec) v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee5c (r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o) h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p) v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t)!<\/p>\n

V\u00ec d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebb tham nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (phi h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p) v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (phi b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p) m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i phi h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hay phi b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. (C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hay ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 B\u1ea8Y: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T BA T\u01af\u1edaNG<\/h3>\n

(* Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 ba t\u01b0\u1edbng: Sanh, Tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi t\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

Ba t\u01b0\u1edbng (sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t) n\u1ebfu t\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n (* T\u1ee5: trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 sau) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu vi, (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng) th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 ba t\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t (ba t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ba t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu vi n\u00e0y) l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ri\u00eang c\u00f3 (sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t) t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu vi n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00ec t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi s\u1ea3n sanh ra s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi (* c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sanh kh\u1edfi ra qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i sanh ra qu\u1ea3: sanh sanh), s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sanh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i sanh s\u1ea3n ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sanh s\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00e1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra (c\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i sinh ra c\u00e1i sinh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n; r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i sinh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a sinh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi \u1edf (\u0111\u00f3) v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi, v\u1eady th\u00ec, s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sanh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi (b\u1ea3n sanh)?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i do ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sanh kh\u1edfi sanh ra v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i do ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sanh kh\u1edfi sanh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 sanh \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra c\u00e1i do ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sanh? (*n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng “b\u1ea3n sanh” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb “sanh sanh” m\u00e0 “b\u1ea3n sanh” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb “sanh sanh” th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra c\u00e1i “sanh sanh”?)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu khi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh \u0111ang sanh (m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh th\u00ec th\u1eed h\u1ecfi l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh (c\u00f2n) ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 (c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh \u0111ang sanh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh ra v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (sanh sanh) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi (c\u00f2n) ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh ra v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (sanh sanh)?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng soi chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (soi chi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. (Ph\u00e1p) s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 sanh ra ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. (* l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7).<\/p>\n

Trong ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn (do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng) ph\u00e1 tan b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0) b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1. (* s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd).<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edbi v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t sanh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 tan m\u1ecdi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i? \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3 khi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sanh (ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ecfa k\u1ecbp t\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ch\u01b0a t\u1ecfa k\u1ecbp t\u1edbi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 tan m\u1ecdi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1ec9 \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 (trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y) m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tan t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 soi chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu soi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 che t\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che t\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu khi ch\u01b0a sanh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sanh (ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh)? v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 sanh, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i sanh n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a sanh m\u00e0 sanh ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p trong ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (trong ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 hai).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111ang sanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sai l\u1ea7m (b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh) th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao (l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng) khi c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean (nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n) th\u00ec n\u00f3-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00e1nh (* \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch l\u1eb7ng r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi (sanh ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian) \u0111ang sanh c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng (n\u1ebfu) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng (ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd) ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 (ph\u00e1p: v\u1eadt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111ang sanh sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec n\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u0111ang sanh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh ra s\u1ef1 \u0111ang sanh kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 sanh ra s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y v\u00e0, s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi sanh ra s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi r\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi l\u1ea1i sanh ra s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi (sanh sanh?) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 sanh (sanh ra ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n sanh kh\u1edfi n\u1eefa v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m chi. C\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sanh kh\u1edfi, \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111ang trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111ang h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng d\u1eebng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 (ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean), ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, v\u00ec (v\u00f4 sanh) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 (\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean)?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111ang khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec (l\u00fac \u1ea5y) l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 (* b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u1ee5?) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec7t th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 (* v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi t\u1ee9c sanh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft (t\u1ee9c sanh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng), ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng (s\u1ef1) gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 (\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng (s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c), gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c (d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng).<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a (s\u1ebd) di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111ang di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 sanh (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi) th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 (*\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 (n\u00ean) di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang khi tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t ngay \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00ean ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 (c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec t\u1ee9c (ch\u00ednh n\u00f3) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 (c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng)?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, th\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 hai (c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3), v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (* th\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, tha t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t; gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) ch\u1eb3ng sanh kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 tha t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, m\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb (chi\u00eam bao), nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0 (* kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0i gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng: kh\u00f4ng trung l\u1ea7u c\u00e1c). T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a sanh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M: QU\u00c1N T\u00c1C V\u00c0 T\u00c1C G\u1ec8A<\/h3>\n

(* T\u00e1c: t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o;<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (\u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) (* k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, n\u0103ng t\u00e1c) kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p) (* v\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00f3 th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c s\u1edf t\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p (* kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1eadt s\u1ef1).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o) th\u00ec c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra nghi\u1ec7p) c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) th\u00ec ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111inh c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o (sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o (t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5p cho r\u1eb1ng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean (t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… (nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n) cho n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (\u0111\u1ecbnh) hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra c\u00e1i (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p (*nh\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p: \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh). V\u00ec C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau cho n\u00ean trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (* hai t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (* c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u00e1c (*v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (ho\u1eb7c: c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu: v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3). N\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p (* t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1), \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hay quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u1eeba th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 v\u1eeba th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3) th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec (c\u00f3) nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e2n (c\u00f3) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p. Trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf), ngo\u00e0i ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u00e1c kh\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u00ean) th\u1ecd (* nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n- ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 (*ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00e2n) c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb, b\u00e1c kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 CH\u00cdN: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T B\u1ea2N TR\u1ee4<\/h3>\n

(* B\u1ea3n Tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n Ng\u00e3)<\/p>\n

M\u1eaft, tai, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; ai l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c (c\u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) (* b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai x\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1ea3n h\u1eefu th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn; tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 an \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u00fd n\u00f3i c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 vui \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 (b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) th\u00ec ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3). (* \u00fd n\u00f3i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec l\u1ee5c c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1ed5 vui v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i s\u1edf y v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1edf y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u1eaft v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 vui v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n r\u1ed3i th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (* \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n gi\u00e1c tri v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n gi\u00e1c tri do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5-th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0ng (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… (C\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu).<\/p>\n

Do (v\u00ec c\u00f3) ph\u00e1p n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u00ec (c\u00f3) ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p, t\u00e1ch l\u00eca ph\u00e1p th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e1ch l\u00eca ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3). M\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n m\u1ed7i c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (* d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng: m\u1ed7i c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n…)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1eaft tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n? (ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh).<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (* th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3: c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c vui bu\u1ed3n… Th\u1ecd g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba: l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe (m\u1ed7i c\u0103n) \u0111\u1ec1u (c\u00f3 s\u1ef1) sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3) (m\u1ed7i c\u0103n) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec, khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

M\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u1ed5 vui v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i (* c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda…) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u1ed5 vui v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (trong ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3-th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3) th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra m\u1eaft v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1eaft v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n tr\u1ee5 (th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3) th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mai h\u1eadu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. V\u00ec ba \u0111\u1eddi (* qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00ean (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u00e0, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, n\u00ean) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI: QU\u00c1N L\u1eecA V\u00c0 NHI\u00caN LI\u1ec6U<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1eeda ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u1eabn (c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng) hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1eeda t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eb1ng v\u0129nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi sanh. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfa c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean, (n\u00ean) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eeda v\u00f4 t\u00e1c (c\u00f3 l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra).<\/p>\n

L\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu) th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0, l\u1eeda n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eb1ng v\u0129nh th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng (nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111ang ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4i th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft l\u01b0?a th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft-b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0?a v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y (* trong b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0) \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia (* b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n: \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia (\u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y (\u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft b\u00e9n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1eeda c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong hai th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n (nh\u1edd) nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 l\u1eeda th\u00ec h\u00f3a ra l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec, trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p (n\u00e0o) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, v\u1eady th\u00ec, khi ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a nhau, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i (sau \u0111\u00f3) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n chi \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1eeda, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eeda. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n l\u1eeda m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u1eeda m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. (D\u1ecbch c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: Nh\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda, Nh\u00e2n l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u1eeda c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n

L\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u). Trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda (l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i l\u1eeda c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda). Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ph\u1ea9m \u0110i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebfn (*Kh\u1ee9 Lai th\u1ee9 hai: S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda. L\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong l\u1eeda v\u00e0, trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u00e1p th\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 (* th\u1ecd: ng\u0169 \u1ea5m; th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi), ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i (th\u1eadt) ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI M\u1ed8T: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T B\u1ea2N T\u1ebe<\/h3>\n

(* Trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n P\u00f9rv\u00e0para-koti-par\u0129ksa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a Bi\u00ean T\u1ebf Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Sau)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh (Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i bi\u00ean t\u1ebf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (th\u1ee7y) v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (chung).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (th\u1ee7y chung) th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 sau (tam t\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh ra n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy l\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong, (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy l\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng (tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3) v\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh ra m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i (n\u00ean) sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng (ra \u0111\u1eddi) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ra m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft!<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 suy l\u00e3o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac v\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ngay \u0111ang khi sanh ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111ang ch\u1ebft, v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u (\u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc (* tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 sanh sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft), c\u00e1i sau (* tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft sau m\u1edbi sanh) v\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i c\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i (* ch\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i h\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh tr\u01b0\u01a1?ng, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu (nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h \u1eefu (hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3) ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i bi\u00ean t\u1ebf c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 (b\u1ea3n t\u1ebf) trong sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 ngay nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u1ebf (bi\u00ean t\u1ebf t\u1ed1i s\u01a1) \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI HAI: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 TH\u1ed0NG KH\u1ed4<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ho\u1eb7c do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c do nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra, ho\u1eb7c do c\u1ea3 hai (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o ra) m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (t\u1ef1) t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Duy\u00ean, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u1ea5m n\u00e0y n\u00ean (m\u1edbi) c\u00f3 \u1ea5m kia sanh ra (* \u1ea5m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n. \u1ea4m l\u00e0 ng\u0103n che, ch\u1eef do Ng\u00e0i La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch. U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m, do Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef ki\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9 (skandha); c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u00fang).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u1ea5m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi n\u0103m \u1ea5m kia th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng) t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do tha nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ed3i \u0111em g\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111ang khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp) l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (kia) t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ed3i \u0111em g\u00e1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ly s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kia t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (* v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o (g\u1ecdi) r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra) v\u00ec l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia (* t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o-t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c v\u00e0 tha t\u00e1c) th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c (* t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tha c\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed5). C\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia (t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a (* t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c, tha t\u00e1c, c\u1ecdng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c) c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n (b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u1ebfu y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI BA: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T C\u00c1C H\u00c0NH<\/h3>\n

Nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c kinh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt (* h\u01b0 cu\u1ed1ng-Mrs\u00e0) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng (* Mosadharma) (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi). V\u00ec do v\u1ecdng tt\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 cu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng (suy t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt) ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (b\u00e1m gi\u1eef) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u1ea5y th\u1eed h\u1ecfi trong (c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh) \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u1edf th\u1ee7 (c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef)? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng Ngh\u0129a (* \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u sanh di\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb (bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch thay \u0111\u1ed5i mi\u00ean t\u1ee5c) th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh). V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed1t n\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady. (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 (r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u) s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb t\u1eeb khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ebb con cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0? (* t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sanh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ph\u00e1p (m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (*tr\u00e1ng ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e3o ni\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e3o ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tu\u1ed5i tr\u00e1ng ni\u00ean).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra s\u1eefa c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1eefa ra th\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u01a1!<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng? (kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh (\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n ly c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng (ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng), th\u00ec ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI B\u1ed0N: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T S\u1ef0 H\u00d2A H\u1ee2P<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1i th\u1ea5y (* ki\u1ebfn: nh\u00e3n c\u0103n), \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5y (* kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn: s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n ) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y (* ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3: nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c) ba c\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ba ph\u00e1p (c\u00e1i) \u0111\u00e3 sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tham \u0111\u1eafm, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tham \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham \u0111\u1eafm c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c Nh\u1eadp (*n\u0103m nh\u1eadp: nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan ra v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 trong kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp…) kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p (v\u1eadt g\u00ec) sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean (ph\u1ea3i) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng sai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp) n\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… (* \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t (d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng).<\/p>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 sai bi\u1ec7t (* c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p) l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n sai bi\u1ec7t (nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng sai bi\u1ec7t) n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t. Sai bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t sanh (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n) th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u01a1i c\u00e1i sai kh\u00e1c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t (s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu). Nh\u01b0ng, khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i sai bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a (m\u1ed9t) ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e1p sai bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3, h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI L\u0102M: QU\u00c1N H\u1eeeU V\u00d4<\/h3>\n

(N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng) T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00e1c duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n sai l\u1ea7m. (v\u00ec) T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi sanh di\u1ec7t (* t\u00e1c ph\u00e1p: ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1eefu vi sinh di\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh (n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi sanh di\u1ec7t)? T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean) t\u1ea1o ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tha t\u00e1nh? V\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i tha t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tha t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch l\u00eca t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tha t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tha t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu (th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 V\u00f4 (v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec H\u1eefu (c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p, n\u1ebfu H\u1eefu (c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 (v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y (ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc) c\u00f3 H\u1eefu (c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh), v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tha t\u00e1nh (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) th\u00ec h\u1ecd (\u0111\u00e3) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eabn v\u00f4 nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c (Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n) gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean n\u00ean xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb (thay \u0111\u1ed5i). T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 H\u1eefu th\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u00ec r\u01a1i ngay v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed (b\u1eadc h\u1eefu tr\u00ed) kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu v\u00f4.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1eefu nay V\u00f4, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI S\u00c1U: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 TR\u00d3I BU\u1ed8C V\u00c0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i (lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed) th\u00ec trong c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1t lu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (*ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i qua trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed n\u1eefa).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i qua l\u1ea1i th\u00ec trong ng\u0169 \u1ea4m, c\u00e1c Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Nh\u1eadp d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u1eadn tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (* S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca s\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, trong ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, trong s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u1ea7m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 k\u1ebb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i qua l\u1ea1i (trong sanh t\u1eed).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u00e2n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec khi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i qua l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sanh ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh (t\u1ef1 n\u00f3) kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0 (t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang) ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec khi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c (* v\u00ec th\u00e2n ng\u0169 \u1ea5m c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 sau). Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a di chuy\u1ec3n (ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 hai).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, (* v\u00ec c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, l\u00eca b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 sanh t\u01b0? m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp). Ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI B\u1ea8Y: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P<\/h3>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gieo tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cho hai \u0111\u1eddi (\u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau). (D\u1ecbch c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n gieo tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cho hai \u0111\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t sanh (* T\u01b0 c\u1eadp t\u00f9ng T\u01b0 sanh. T\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i. T\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy, suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edfh\u00e1t sanh ra) nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p trong kinh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft minh t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p (\u00fd ch\u00ed) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 (c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0) \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t sanh (t\u01b0 sanh) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p) trong b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eeba thi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb (t\u00e1c th\u1ecd) d\u1ee5ng sanh ra ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra, v\u00e0 T\u01b0 (\u00fd ch\u00ed) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p (* 1. th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, 2. kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p, 3. t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, 4. v\u00f4 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, 5. thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, 6. b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 7. t\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p), b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng (l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p (l\u1ef1c) v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (tr\u1ee5) m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ecd (qu\u1ea3) b\u00e1o th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (di\u1ec7t) th\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u1ea7m v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sanh ra qu\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb l\u00fac s\u01a1 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3. T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 sau (tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3), kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadp b\u1ea1ch nghi\u1ec7p (*m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n thanh t\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea1ch). N\u0103m th\u1ee9 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1eddi (\u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o b\u1ea1ch nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ea1ch thanh t\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng (ch\u1ec9 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o) n\u1ea3y sanh c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn (nhi\u1ec1u), v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nay, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadn nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o (* t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m, th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o) m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Thanh v\u0103n th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n (t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t (* ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c) th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c (t\u00e0i v\u1eadt) b\u1ecb m\u1eafc n\u1ee3, (ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c) t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u00f4 k\u00fd, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i (* 1. D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ec7, 2. s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7, 3. v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 4. v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o (ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd (tu \u0111\u1ea1o = t\u01b0 duy) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edd c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p (s\u1ef1) kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebf (ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o = th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb (ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t) th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau hay kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1ecd th\u00e2n, l\u00fac \u1ea5y (duy nh\u1ea5t) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Hai lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (* theo ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n: t\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p; theo ng\u00e0i Thanh M\u1ee5c th\u00ec: khinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1ea3o: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3) hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf (\u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y) l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd b\u00e1o xong (* b\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hoa b\u00e1o, qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u01b0 b\u00e1o) nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 (ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) (t\u1ee9) qu\u1ea3 (nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) xong r\u1ed3i (nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c) m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (* n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd h\u1eadu h\u1eefu, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sanh qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00ean ch\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u1ee9t k\u1ef3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec7t nh\u1ee9t k\u1ef3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ecd h\u1eadu h\u1eefu n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu).<\/p>\n

D\u1eabu l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabu l\u00e0 H\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng sanh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh). C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng sanh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng). Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra v\u00e0 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i th\u00ec (ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o d\u00f9) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (r\u1eddi b\u1ecf) \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p) ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o xong nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec) ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt c\u00f3, th\u1ebf th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng (* v\u00ec th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh). Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p, \u00e1i k\u1ebft bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng (s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f4 k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd) nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p) t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o) (* ba c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean sanh ra m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c duy\u00ean sanh ra v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi ra nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p sanh ra qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p). C\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb (chi\u00eam bao) ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng (* gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng t\u1ea1o cho ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI T\u00c1M: QU\u00c1N PH\u00c1P<\/h3>\n

(\u00c0tma-par\u0129ks\u00e0)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u1ea5m th\u00ec ng\u00e3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 (thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i) sanh di\u1ec7t; n\u1ebfu ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 sai kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u0103m \u1ea5m th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u0169 \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 (ng\u00e3 s\u1edf). V\u00ec di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 (ng\u00e3 s\u1edf cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 Tr\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tr\u00ed th\u00ec g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1eadt qu\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 Tr\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hy h\u1eefu. V\u00ec n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 (* ng\u00e3 s\u1edf: nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3y may c\u00f2n n\u00ean c\u00e1c Th\u1ecd (*c\u00e1c th\u1ee7: ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7, d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7) l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch, th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u00e2n di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi h\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 trong th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3 (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 phi ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eb7t, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh l\u1eabn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (* s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng), (n\u00f3-th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng) nh\u01b0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt, v\u1eeba th\u1eadt v\u1eeba phi th\u1eadt, phi th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i phi th\u1eadt (phi phi th\u1eadt: ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tri nh\u1eadn, (ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o (theo s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a) k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c (m\u00e0 t\u00edn gi\u1ea3i). T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 (\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi) nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sai kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n (b\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb) v\u00ec th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng sai bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb cam l\u1ed3 (gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1eed) m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a (gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn (* \u00fd n\u00f3i khi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n) th\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb B\u00edch chi Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec5n ly (xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p) m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 M\u01af\u1edcI CH\u00cdN: QU\u00c1N TH\u1edcI GIAN<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ngay trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng) hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu)?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec hai th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hai th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i tr\u00ean, c\u00e1i gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi; v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean (tr\u1ee5). C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian lu\u00f4n x\u00ea d\u1ecbch di \u0111\u1ed9ng (kh\u1ee9). N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian?<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb) m\u00e0 (bi\u1ebft) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. V\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 QU\u1ea2<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu do s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c duy\u00ean m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec n\u00f3 (qu\u1ea3) \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu s\u1eb5n trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi sanh kh\u1edfi?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c duy\u00ean th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c duy\u00ean th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c duy\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau (\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n trao cho Qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t (\u0111\u00e3 trao xong), th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n trao v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n trao cho Qu\u1ea3 xong c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn kh\u1edfi sanh, v\u1eady th\u00ec Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111ang khi c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f9ng l\u00fac th\u00ec k\u1ebb sanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean m\u1edbi h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a (t\u1ee9c: ch\u00ednh l\u00e0) l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n (b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3) chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 sanh xong r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sanh ra n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi ra qu\u1ea3? v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i) trong qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? trong nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi (ra qu\u1ea3). (* \u00fd n\u00f3i n\u1ebfu trong nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i sanh n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 trong nh\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u00eca r\u1eddi nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng do nh\u00e2n sanh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng do qu\u1ea3 sanh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb lai h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai, c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (* \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tam th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01b0?u tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh qu\u1ea3? v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh ra qu\u1ea3? v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 (t\u1ee9c trong nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3) th\u00ec nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh (* v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sanh), qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec Qu\u1ea3 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sanh, v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n (phi nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra n\u00f3? N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra n\u00f3? N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng sanh ra qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec (ai, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e2u) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3? (qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec?)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sanh ra s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sanh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ra qu\u1ea3? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sanh ra. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p?<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I M\u1ed0T: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 SINH TH\u00c0NH V\u00c0 HO\u1ea0I DI\u1ec6T<\/h3>\n

T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh (ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu), trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7t (s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i: hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t) th\u00ec s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00eca b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t (* v\u00ec th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i hai t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh hay ho\u1ea1i). Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, s\u1ebd m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn khi cho r\u1eb1ng hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac x\u1ea3y ra. S\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t? Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i (th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh. Trong hai n\u01a1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i (ai) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng do m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 si m\u00ea v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1?ng, v\u00ec si v\u1ecdng n\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi sanh ra ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (phi ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 (b\u1ea5t t\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 sanh), ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi b\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c (b\u1ea5t t\u00f9ng tha sanh). \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edf t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (*th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p: nh\u00e3n c\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y) th\u00ec ch\u00ednh (t\u1ee9c) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1edfi l\u00fd do nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t (\u0111o\u1ea1n) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch chu\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c (c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed) c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec (b\u1ecb) r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t!<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111ang di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111ang sanh (hai c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u1ea5m (u\u1ea9n) n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft ngay khi \u1ea5m n\u00e0y \u0111ang sanh (sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c trong ba \u0111\u1eddi (qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c?<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I HAI: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T \u0110\u1ee8C NH\u01af LAI<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ea5m (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n sanh di\u1ec7t), m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong ng\u0169 \u1ea5m v\u00e0 ng\u0169 \u1ea5m c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong Nh\u01b0 Lai. (Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ng\u0169 \u1ea5m). Trong ng\u0169 \u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eady th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 do ng\u0169 \u1ea5m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tha t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tha t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 phi ng\u00e3 (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3). N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 tha t\u00e1nh? T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tha t\u00e1nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ng\u0169 \u1ea5m nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd th\u00e2n ng\u0169 \u1ea5m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1ea5m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd n\u0103m \u1ea5m th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a th\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd (v\u00f4 th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p) n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai. N\u1ebfu \u1edf trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong n\u0103m \u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong khi th\u1ecd ng\u0169 \u1ea5m? V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ng\u0169 \u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tha t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tha t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111ang th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3: \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai) c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0, (n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, th\u1ebf th\u00ec), l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 \u1ea5m) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft (b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft) m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng (phi kh\u00f4ng) th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng b\u00e0n c\u00e3i. V\u1eeba Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba phi kh\u00f4ng (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng), ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng (c\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng: di\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng – c\u1ed9ng; phi kh\u00f4ng phi b\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng – b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3 danh (danh t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i (l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai).<\/p>\n

Ngay trong t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh) v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u (t\u1ee9 c\u00fa: th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; v\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng). V\u00e0, ngay trong t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n, b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u (* h\u1eefu bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean; v\u1eeba h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u1eeba v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu bi\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e2m h\u1eadu (s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng) th\u00ec b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd n\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 t\u01b0 duy c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f3i v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; th\u1ebf m\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0i m\u00e3i (kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu v\u00f4!<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh) c\u1ee9 sanh kh\u1edfi ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00ean hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, v\u00ec hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I BA: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T \u0110I\u00caN \u0110\u1ea2O<\/h3>\n

Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, tham, nhu\u1ebf, si (tham, s\u00e2n, si) kh\u1edfi sanh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (* trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi sanh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n v\u00ec t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o (m\u00e0) sanh kh\u1edfi tam \u0111\u1ed9c (tham, s\u00e2n, si) th\u00ec tam \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh) n\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p (* ch\u1ec9 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o) c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ng\u00e3 th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

(N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec th\u1eed h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec) ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y? (v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y) th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u (c\u00e1i g\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00ec th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn (* ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 d\u1eabu cho r\u1eb1ng: 1- L\u00eca u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, 2- U\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, 3- Trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, 4- Trong ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 5- Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3) d\u00f9ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 (quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1ea7u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u01a1i t\u00e2m \u00f4 c\u1ea5u (* c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m: kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch thanh t\u1ecbnh) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Hai th\u1ee9 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi?<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n (c\u1ea3nh): s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tam \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng (vi\u00eam), nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e0n th\u00e1t b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u00f3? N\u00f3 (t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh) ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng (nh\u00e2n) nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u01b0\u1edbng trong s\u1ea1ch) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00e2n (nh\u1edd v\u00e0o) t\u1ecbnh (m\u1edbi) c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. (* v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m sao hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?)<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec do \u0111\u00e2u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 (l\u00f2ng) tham \u00e1i? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 (t\u00e2m) s\u00e2n nhu\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Trong t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng, trong t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi) c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebb ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc (kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc (* ch\u1ec9 cho l\u1ee5c c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t r\u1ed7ng l\u1eb7ng, th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p (s\u1ef1) ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec khi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n (qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eady th\u00ec th\u1eed h\u1ecfi (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o (nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu s\u1eb5n), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng sanh ra s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ngay \u0111ang khi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eady \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (n\u00ean) t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1eed xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi sanh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o?<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng khi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi? v\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u1ebd ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o di\u1ec7t th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n, c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 th\u1eadt (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eadt c\u00f3) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e2m \u00f4 c\u1ea5u hay t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb? V\u00e0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 (c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o)?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (v\u00e0) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ai th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh (c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh)?<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I B\u1ed0N: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T T\u1ee8 \u0110\u1ebe<\/h3>\n

(B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd, B\u1ed1n S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh), kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 (nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng) v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadp (d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5), ch\u1ee9ng di\u1ec7t (ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) v\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ea1o (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (T\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch k\u1ef9). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft (kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i (lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc) nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (* ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang sai, ph\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…)<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a (* \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh) n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u1eefng n\u00e3o h\u1ea1i!<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf (hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd) \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri nh\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tri nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u (th\u1eadm th\u00e2m) c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt (Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 (nh\u1edd) t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u0103n t\u00e1nh \u00e1m \u0111\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh (qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu), n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft r\u1eafn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u xa m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m (th\u1eadm th\u00e2m vi di\u1ec7u), ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f3i t\u1edbi (hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh n\u00ean v\u00ec t\u00f4i m\u00e0 sanh ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh th\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a (\u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y cho t\u00f4i th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t con ng\u1ef1a \u0111ang c\u01b0\u1ee1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y (th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn) c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 (c\u0169ng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0) ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean, t\u00f4i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1?i sanh t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 (* t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng (ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng) th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c duy\u00ean sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au? Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (\u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng), \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh (quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i sanh ra t\u1eeb T\u1eadp (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5)? (v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf (t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf: ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au), v\u00ec l\u1ebd (n\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh th\u00ec) \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. (c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch: n\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf; v\u00ec do h\u1ee7y ph\u00e1 Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 (v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf.)<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) th\u00ec \u1eaft h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf. V\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0) ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp (\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf) chung cu\u1ed9c (c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o? (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o?)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tu qu\u00e1n) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y (t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3) nh\u01b0ng nay (do tu qu\u00e1n) m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y; l\u00fd do v\u00ec (n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt c\u00f3) t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au) th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sai bi\u1ec7t (*tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y).<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 (\u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadp), s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (ch\u1ee9ng di\u1ec7t), con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb thanh v\u0103n (t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3) \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 x\u01b0a nay ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc) v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ecbnh: nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i) th\u00ec v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? (* v\u00ec n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n r\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o?<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd (ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m) B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1edd Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng) B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (* tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n m\u00e3nh (si\u00eang n\u0103ng d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh) tinh t\u1ea5n tu h\u00e0nh b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng (Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh), th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (th\u01b0? h\u1ecfi) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00ec l\u1ebd nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 (* k\u1ef3: \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, trong t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t sanh, th\u1ebf th\u00ec (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng) t\u00e1ch l\u00eca h\u1eb3n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a (* nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p sanh ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y bao nhi\u00eau h\u1ecdc l\u00fd ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (* \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a th\u00ec \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u00e0m (V\u00f4 t\u00e1c nhi h\u1eefu t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m (nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (b\u1ea5t t\u00e1c danh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3). (* t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi: t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a [\u00fd ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh] th\u00ec h\u00f3a ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh do \u0111\u00f3 khi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. V\u00f4 t\u00e1c nhi h\u1eefu t\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. B\u1ea5t t\u00e1c danh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9 cho c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u00e1c nhi h\u1eefu t\u00e1c n\u00ean tuy r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111oan quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p) c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u (tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh) kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ebd ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn (di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong kinh d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (* n\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 (t\u1eadp), qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t an l\u1ea1c (di\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t an l\u1ea1c (\u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I L\u0102M: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/h3>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n?<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn (c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n), kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eb3ng sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, v\u00ec h\u1eefu vi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. V\u00e0 v\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (chung c\u1ee5c) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p H\u1eefu, n\u00ean, vi\u1ec5n ly t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u1eefu th\u00ec ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi c\u1ea3 (* v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi th\u00ec ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u00f3).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u1eefu th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ecd (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh t\u1eed)? (v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p (l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7) m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu (c\u00f3) c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 (kh\u00f4ng)? Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu th\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i V\u00f4?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu V\u00f4 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3) l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p? \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1eebng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 (v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00ean xoay v\u1ea7n (lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n) trong sanh t\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu) (* c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb th\u1eadt h\u1eefu v\u00e0 th\u1eadt v\u00f4) v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 (phi h\u1eefu di\u1ec7c phi v\u00f4).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a (gi\u1eefa) h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0) gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai (h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4) \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p kh\u1edfi sanh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 do h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi m\u00e0 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec l\u00e0 (thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1) h\u1eefu vi?<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hai c\u00e1i c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n? v\u00ec hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng (\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t? (* v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 phi h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0) phi h\u1eefu (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu) (c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0) phi v\u00f4 (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4) (v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1eady th\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00ec phi h\u1eefu v\u00e0 phi v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (* \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu th\u00ec phi v\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 th\u00ec phi h\u1eefu n\u00ean h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh phi h\u1eefu v\u00e0 phi v\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (phi h\u1eefu c\u1eadp phi v\u00f4). Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3y may sai bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (ng\u1eb1n m\u00e9) c\u1ee7a ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, hai bi\u00ean t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3y may sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Sau khi (\u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai) di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… (* tam ch\u1ee7ng th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn, l\u1ee5c th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn…) (nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y) \u0111\u00e3 y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh) th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n h\u1eefu bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean? V\u1eeba h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u1eeba v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu bi\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean? L\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng? V\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; (v\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I S\u00c1U: QU\u00c1N M\u01af\u1edcI HAI NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ec b\u1ecb si m\u00ea (v\u00f4 minh) che l\u1ea5p n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi sanh ba nghi\u1ec7p (ba h\u00e0nh: th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd) v\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p (h\u00e0nh) d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi n\u00ean theo nghi\u1ec7p (h\u00e0nh) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c trong s\u00e1u th\u00fa (* s\u00e1u n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi: thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n, a tu la, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111eo n\u00edu th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c (* th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00e0o thai b\u00e1m gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y tinh cha huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh sinh m\u1ea1ng) n\u00ean danh (t\u00e2m) v\u00e0 s\u1eafc (ph\u00e1p, th\u00e2n, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec danh s\u1eafc t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 sanh ra l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp (s\u00e1u c\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh) do s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh (l\u1ee5c c\u0103n), l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c n\u00ean sanh ra l\u1ee5c x\u00fac, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n l\u1ee5c x\u00fac m\u00e0 li\u1ec1n (t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc) kh\u1edfi sanh ba c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (tam th\u1ecd) v\u00ec nh\u00e2n ba c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00ean sanh ra kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee7 (* b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p: d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7), nh\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (b\u00e1m gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p (b\u00e1m gi\u1eef \u0111eo n\u00edu ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. T\u1eeb h\u1eefu m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sanh, t\u1eeb sanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, t\u1eeb gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u bi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o (bu\u1ed3n s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n) t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu). Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec (m\u01b0\u1eddi hai) nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh (nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh) kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5m (* \u1ea4m, gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eadp h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p – th\u00e2n t\u00e2m). C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh (nghi\u1ec7p) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi k\u1ebb v\u00f4 minh. B\u1eadc tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3) kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y (h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5m t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp sanh kh\u1edfi; th\u1ebf n\u00ean v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea8M TH\u1ee8 HAI M\u01af\u01a0I B\u1ea8Y: QU\u00c1N S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 NH\u1eeeNG T\u00c0 KI\u1ebeN<\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn, (\u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn) v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1eady th\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i “ng\u00e3” trong \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… \u0111\u1ec1u y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai, v\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra ng\u00e3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (*ng\u00e3 t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u01a1? \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y) n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n th\u00ec \u1edf n\u01a1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u00e3?<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch l\u00eca th\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 (t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi h\u1eefu, v\u00f4, th\u00e2n, ng\u00e3?), vi\u1ec7c (l\u00fd lu\u1eadn) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec (v\u1ed1n th\u00e2n) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 (v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 v\u00ec l\u1ebd th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n sanh di\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y (kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3: b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch l\u00eca th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p (th\u00e2n) m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 (th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p n\u00ean) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u00e0, Ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec khi t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean, d\u00f9 Ng\u00e3 tr\u1ee5 \u01a1? \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ee9ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp h\u1eb3n ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) Ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 sanh ra l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n) nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, v\u00ec l\u00e0, c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i!<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng sai l\u1ea7m khi quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng (ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec) tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng nay c\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u1ebd, Ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean (m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng sanh di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng sau c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (* c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o!).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m khi ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 trong \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean, v\u00ec tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb v\u00f4 sanh (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra), m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p (v\u1eadt) th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c (s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp quan h\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u1eeda tr\u1eddi n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 k\u1ebb \u0111i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i (s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u), nh\u01b0ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng phi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (* ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng)?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean (c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n) th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf (\u0111\u1eddi sau), v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean (* kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n) th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u1ea5m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n (th\u01b0\u1eddng) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean hay v\u00f4 bi\u00ean g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u0103m \u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, (m\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh ra th\u00e2n n\u0103m \u1ea5m sau nh\u01b0ng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u0169 \u1ea5m m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i sanh n\u0103m \u1ea5m sau, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (h\u1eefu bi\u00ean), (*thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u0103m \u1ea5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u1ea5m nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn sanh n\u0103m \u1ea5m sau, th\u1ebf th\u00ec, th\u1ebf gian s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (v\u00f4 bi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ly ng\u00f4n tuy\u1ec7t l\u1ef1, vi\u1ec5n ly ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, d\u1ee9t b\u1eb7t t\u01b0 duy, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p th\u00ec v\u00f4 thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u1ecb, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u00e0, th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec v\u00f4 v\u0103n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng nghe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc) v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean hay v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gian ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd n\u0103m \u1ea5m kia m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eeba h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u1eeba v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu bi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2n v\u00e2n… tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Nay con kh\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea5ng C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb bi l\u00e2n m\u1eabn (l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t) thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u1eadm th\u00e2m vi di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u00f4 minh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Long Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00ed Thanh M\u1ee5c Th\u00edch Dao T\u1ea7n C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean L\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[77,78],"yoast_head":"\nTrung Lu\u1eadn - Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean L\u00fd - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/trung-luan-thich-vien-ly-163075.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trung Lu\u1eadn - Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean L\u00fd - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Long Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00ed Thanh M\u1ee5c Th\u00edch Dao T\u1ea7n C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch. 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