{"id":163819,"date":"2019-05-08T11:46:39","date_gmt":"2019-05-08T04:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=163819"},"modified":"2019-05-08T11:46:39","modified_gmt":"2019-05-08T04:46:39","slug":"dai-thua-phat-giao-tu-tuong-luan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-thua-phat-giao-tu-tuong-luan-163819.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG LU\u1eacN<\/h2>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Kimura Taiken\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00e1n D\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch Di\u1ec5n B\u1ed3i<\/em><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n: Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh 1969 – Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf,\u00a0USA1986<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

V\u00e0i N\u00e9t V\u1ec1 T\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: T\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: T\u01b0 Tr\u00e0o C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba H\u01b0ng Kh\u1edfi
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ecd
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u1eeb Sau Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ecd \u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 5: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 6: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Sau Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee9 Hai: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: B\u1ea3n Ch\u1ea5t C\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o V\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t Lu\u1eadn
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: \u0110\u1eb7c Ch\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u1ea1i Ba Qu\u1ed1c Gia
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: Tinh Th\u1ea7n C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 5:\u00a0Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Quan C\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 6: Thi\u1ec1n V\u00e0 \u00dd Ngh\u0129a Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 7: S\u1ef1 Khai Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o V\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Kh\u1ea3o S\u00e1t V\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 8: T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o V\u1edbi V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 S\u1eed
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 9: Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa: \u0110\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3u Cho \u0110\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee9 Ba: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u00dd Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Quan Ni\u1ec7m V\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p C\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o V\u1edbi T\u1ef1 Do \u00dd Ch\u00ed
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Tha
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: \u00dd Ngh\u0129a Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 5: S\u1ef1 Khai Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n V\u00e0 \u00dd Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c V\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u00f3a C\u1ee7a N\u00f3
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 6: T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Quan Ni\u1ec7m, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i V\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Sinh Th\u00e0nh
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 7: Hi\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c V\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng 8: \u00dd Ngh\u0129a Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u00c0I N\u00c9T V\u1ec0 T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 Kimura Taiken l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia \u1ea4n. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi Ph\u1ea1n Ng\u1eef (Sanscrit) v\u00e0 tinh th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0 (Rig-Vedas) v\u00e0 U-Ba-Ni-Sat (Upani-shads). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cu\u1ed1n \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u201d v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: \u201cS\u00e1u Ph\u00e1i Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn V\u00e0 A-T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t-Ma-Lu\u1eadn\u201d v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n, nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn\u201d n\u00e0y ra Vi\u1ec7t Ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cho ph\u00e9p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u Nh\u1eadt Ng\u1eef, do \u0111\u00f3 khi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i theo b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Di\u1ec5n B\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu danh c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201cd\u1ecbch l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\u201d. Khi d\u1ecbch th\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef ra ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, hu\u1ed1ng chi \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u1edf qu\u00fd v\u1ecb tinh th\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt ng\u1eef sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh xin c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao minh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m cho nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tay qu\u00fd v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y c\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Ch\u00f9a Gi\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 hoan h\u1ef7 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh ba quy\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn do HT. Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Kinh Ma Ha B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt do Ho\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed T\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch (T\u00e2m Di\u1ec7u)<\/p>\n

THI\u00caN TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/h3>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG M\u1ed8T: T\u1ed4NG LU\u1eacN<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: \u0110\u1ecaA V\u1eca L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O \u00a0\u00a0TRONG T\u01af TR\u00c0O C\u1ee6A \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8.<\/h5>\n

T\u1eeb x\u01b0a, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi ca, cho n\u00ean tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9?<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00ea-C\u00e2u-V\u1ec7-\u0110\u00e0 (Rg-veda_1.500-1.000 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T.L.) chuy\u00ean s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Aryan m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u201cth\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan\u201d. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea1-Nhu-V\u1ec7-\u0110\u00e0_th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef_(1.000-800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T.L.). Gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aryan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u0169 H\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng (Gange), th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau m\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc theo con s\u00f4ng \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc (b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 nghi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n r\u1ea5t bao qu\u00e1t, d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 nghi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u201cT\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan\u201d. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i U-Ba-Ni-S\u00e1t (Upanishad_800-500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T.L.). V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y tuy th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, song \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 khai s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean tuy tri\u1ec3n khai qua ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng chung quy c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng V\u1ec7-\u0110\u00e0. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 th\u00ec ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t huy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00f2ng t\u0103ng S\u0129 B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb S\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ebf-l\u1ee3i n\u1eefa. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y tuy c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, song c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n). \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau m\u1ecdc l\u00ean. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i (500-300 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T.L.). Nh\u1edd xu th\u1ebf \u1ea5y m\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u1ee9ng trong t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Phi B\u00e0 L\u00e0 M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7. B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh kinh V\u1ec1-\u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n, c\u00f2n Phi B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. H\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 uy l\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1u L\u1ee5c S\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Song \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ra sao? Gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n v\u00ec theo quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u1eefa. C\u00f2n ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn tuy c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i cho th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, theo trong kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n suy s\u1ee5p, m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n, b\u1edfi v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t an!<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00fac l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t an, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca (560-480 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T.L.), sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, tuy Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 dung h\u00f2a, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, xa h\u1eb3ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, v\u1eeba ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, c\u0169 giao nhau, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f9y c\u01a1, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n bao dung, qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn cho l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf A D\u1ee5c (Ashoka)-(268-226 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T.L) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n lan tr\u00e0n ra c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eady. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tuy b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn song v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ed9 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn (c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec3u \u00c1. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V, VI sau T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch th\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tinh hoa c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 t\u1ec7 \u0111oan c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3) \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u00e1i trong t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, song b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, so v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng do ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh, cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII, ngay tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1edfi l\u1ebd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb bi, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 giai c\u1ea5p h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tan r\u00e3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i ban. Song Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb suy vi, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI: \u0110I\u1ec2M T\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ed2NG GI\u1eeeA T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8 V\u00c0 T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, song Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ta h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

1) V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tuy thi\u00ean sai, v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t, song \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 mong t\u00ecm ra ch\u1ed7 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 suy t\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec5n v\u00f4ng, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 Khang \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2) \u0110i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung \u0111\u1ec1u quan s\u00e1t quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cB\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3\u201d. B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m \u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 sau, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng chung quy ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Thuy\u1ebft \u201cV\u00f4 Ng\u00e3\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

3) S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh quan v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh quan, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n sinh \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y t\u00f4i xin b\u00e0n r\u00f5 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau.<\/p>\n

4) Nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tuy c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1eadp ra nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, song b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cNghi\u1ec7p\u201d. Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a trong t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ta. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c kinh th\u00e2m \u00e1o t\u1eeb x\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i tranh nhau ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3, song c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a bao qu\u00e1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt v\u00ec c\u1ee9 l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nhau trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n, ti\u00ean, ma qu\u1ef7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

5) Quan ni\u1ec7m y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 x\u01b0a kia ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng cao t\u1ed9t, song cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n y\u00ean vui. T\u1eeb sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 huynh h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t sinh. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00e1 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y lo \u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng y\u00ean vui, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

6) Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ta h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Tam mu\u1ed9i (Samadhi), T\u0129nh l\u1ef1 (Dhyana) v\u00e0 Du gi\u00e0 (Yoga). Trong Tam h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o , ba m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc, trong B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, song v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

TI\u00c9T TH\u1ee8 BA: \u0110\u1eb6C T\u00cdNH C\u1ee6A T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean. N\u00f3i t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7 th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c. Song n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0u b\u00e1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, Duy\u00ean sinh, T\u00e2m, Trung \u0111\u1ea1o,v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u b\u00e1. Tuy c\u00f3 chia ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf song th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, song ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ta nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1i y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

1) Ph\u1eadt_ Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, song \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, h\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca khai th\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y th\u00ec ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, song \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a kia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i: Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i y ch\u1ec9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u tin ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, hay qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu xa l\u00eca ni\u1ec1m tin \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa. Song \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tin m\u00f9 m\u1edd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m qua gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2) Ph\u00e1p_ Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, song n\u00f3i theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt _d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa_kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 coi l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i bao nhi\u00eau Ph\u00e1p ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c tu, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p (Dhamma), \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p chung c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, r\u1ed3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y, mong cho ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng tuy nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, song n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec v\u1eabn n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Ph\u00e1p) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n (nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00fd \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0, tuy l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, song b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3) Duy\u00ean sinh_Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3i theo d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc Duy\u00ean sinh (Pratity Asamutpada). Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y Duy\u00ean sinh l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 h\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u Duy\u00ean sinh\u201d Ho\u1eb7c: \u201cDuy\u00ean sinh, Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5, Ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nh\u01b0 Lai xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00fd Duy\u00ean sinh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng do hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd Duy\u00ean sinh \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c. V\u1eady duy\u00ean sinh quan l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p quan \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7 th\u00ec duy\u00ean sinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, song c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0: \u201cV\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng; v\u1eadt n\u00e0y sinh, cho n\u00ean v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c sinh, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t\u201d. N\u00f3i cho d\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh, \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. N\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec: \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn theo l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, sinh, di\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, vui c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 ri\u00eang n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch\u201d. Song ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u201ch\u01b0 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 h\u1eb9p h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Sau khi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e9 m\u1edf. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu\u201d. Song th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan, cho n\u00ean tr\u00ean quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc: l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e1i) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 th\u00fac ph\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu duy\u00ean sinh quan m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 t\u1eadn duy\u00ean sinh quan trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam; Th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng quan trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa; T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 quan trong kinh V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd; Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 quan trong Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean sinh quan, do s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

a) H\u1ebft th\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

b) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh quan v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng ch\u00faa t\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

4) T\u00e2m_V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 duy\u00ean sinh tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec3n t\u1ea3 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, song \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu l\u00eca T\u00e2m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean sinh quan, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean sinh r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn duy\u00ean sinh, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2m, v\u00ec gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5) Trung \u0110\u1ea1o_D\u00f9 n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p hay duy\u00ean sinh, song chung quy c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 T\u00e2m, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n t\u00ednh. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o xoay quanh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u00e2m, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp, n\u00ean m\u1edbi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean Trung \u0111\u1ea1o. S\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thuy\u1ebft trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y tuy t\u00f9y theo th\u1eddi c\u01a1 c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c, song \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00f4i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u00e3y th\u1eed xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hai \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xin n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh. Nh\u01b0 trong Duy\u00ean sinh quan ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n sinh, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o cho l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau chu\u1eabn. Song s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ta c\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta c\u1ee9 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u201cng\u00e3\u201d gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt r\u1ed3i th\u00f9 m\u01b0u, t\u00ednh k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c; n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng tham d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u201cng\u00e3\u201d nh\u1ecf nhoi \u1ea5y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 y\u00ean vui v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. D\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 cho nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n sinh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao qu\u00fd. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu \u0111em so s\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn (Proposition Affirmative). Song \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111em ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trung \u0111\u1ea1o quan n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5\u201d \u201ckh\u00f4ng vui\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea7y v\u00f2, h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 cho c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ngu si. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u1ed5, vui theo s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y tuy l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, song l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi s\u01a1 do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng khi Ng\u00e0i khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00edch d\u1ee5ng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, song l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi, cao c\u1ea3. Trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd huy ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u00a0t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Song v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0: N\u00f3i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tuy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tuy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

6) K\u1ebft_Tr\u1edf n\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u1ea5y. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i ra tuy r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u00fd h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00e2m, Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang sinh, ba c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c\u201d, hay: \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m\u201d. Tuy l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i h\u00e0m s\u00fac, song n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 HAI: T\u01af TR\u00c0O C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I\u00a0TR\u01af\u1edaC NG\u00c0Y \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O H\u01afNG KH\u1edeI<\/h4>\n
TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: NGUY\u00caN \u1ee6Y C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, song th\u1eadt ra, trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 45 n\u0103m ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c tu tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i. Khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 di ch\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e2n t\u00edn l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan, \u201cC\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111i!\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd \u1ea5y. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ti\u00ean chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f9 ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, A Nan v\u00e0 \u01afu Ba Ly thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i kinh, lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdp \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh, lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Song \u00edt nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng kinh, lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n theo m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tuy b\u1ea7u T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 Ca Di\u1ebfp l\u00e0m b\u1eadc ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u00f4n t\u00fac kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y kinh, lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ra c\u00f4ng tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp d\u1eaft t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 noi theo tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, tuy v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, song gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai ni\u1ec1m Nam v\u00e0 B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, tuy gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng trung t\u00e2m, song v\u00ec c\u00e1c huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00f3c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00ean t\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i xa x\u0103m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p g\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (m\u00f9a m\u01b0a), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng ch\u00fang trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Duy s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qu\u00e1 tr\u1edbn, v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng ch\u00fang, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nam T\u00f4n (v\u0103n Pali) hay kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u1eafc T\u00f4n (v\u0103n Sanscrit), \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, gi\u1eefa Nam T\u00f4n v\u00e0 B\u1eafc T\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Theo Nam T\u00f4n (\u0110\u1ea3o s\u1eed) th\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1 Ly B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 (Vaissali) l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gia X\u00e1 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m phi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda c\u0169ng tr\u00f9 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Song ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (ph\u00e1i gi\u00e0) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 (ph\u00e1i tr\u1ebb) \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng theo B\u1eafc T\u00f4n (D\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u00f4n lu\u1eadt), tuy c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Ma ha \u0111\u00e0 (?). Trong khi h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n c\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi (s\u1ebd thu\u1eadt sau), v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chia th\u00e0nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i chia r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Theo Nam T\u00f4n th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f2n B\u1eafc T\u00f4n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Song, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft Nam T\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quy lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y theo t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u1ec1 sau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chia r\u1ebd b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i sau n\u00e0y, song nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Sau khi xu th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn ba b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea1nh tranh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 18 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i chia ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI: S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T \u0110\u1ed2NG V\u1ec0 L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeU GI\u1eeeA NGUY\u00caN TH\u1ee6Y PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan, tuy Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, song kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y. Duy \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0: ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m ta, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch quan, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u201cLu\u00e2n l\u00fd duy t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i th\u00ec ra sao? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3t ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

1) Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean Kh\u1ebf Kinh, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111em ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong Kh\u1ebf Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eebng \u0111i qu\u00e1 tr\u1edbn m\u00e0 xa l\u00eca Kh\u1ebf Kinh, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed9\u201d. X\u00e9t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tuy g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, song tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, thua nh\u01b0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p th\u00f4i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y trong Duy\u00ean sinh quan c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Song \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y n\u0103m b\u1ed9 A-H\u00e0m l\u00e0m Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 tuy b\u00ecnh ph\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2) H\u1eefu-B\u1ed9_L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n noi theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t huy khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 V\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Kh\u1ebf Kinh th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf v\u1ecb lai, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u \u201cBa th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3\u201d l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u th\u00ec H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd d\u00f9ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3) \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9_B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7_t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o_m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0m l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu kinh lu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, cho n\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ra sao, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u201d ho\u1eb7c: \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1ng tro t\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y v\u1eady. T\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo quan h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n suy l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, ta th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m (Parjnapti)\u201d. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 sau n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Du qu\u00e2n ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7, th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ch\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu theo gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec: gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf: Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o. Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho duy\u00ean sinh l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n; Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi duy\u00ean sinh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Tuy v\u1eady n\u00f3i l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, song v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai, th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, hay \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7? N\u1ebfu gi\u1edd ta \u0111em quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ea5y lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan. C\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec1u do quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i \u0111em \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea5y T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ta n\u00ean kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay chia ra Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o sau \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan? S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hay l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7? Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf quan l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, tuy m\u1ed7i b\u00ean di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, song c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf n\u00ean, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9. Tuy th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA: PH\u1eacT \u0110\u00c0 QUAN.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Quan l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ngay l\u00fac c\u00f2n sinh th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eed th\u00e2n t\u00edn coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n. Trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch v.v\u2026v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba c\u00f5i, b\u1eadc c\u1ee9u tinh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy v\u1eady c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd cho Ph\u1eadt tuy \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc cao si\u00eau nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o?. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i? Tuy c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (La H\u00e1n) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tuy \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m sai bi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch Ca, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00e3 tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 (Bodhi) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1c xa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 18 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng, tuy l\u0103n l\u1ed9n trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Thanh V\u0103n (Sravaka) nghe gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 k\u00e9m c\u00f5i. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sinh, tuy c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thanh V\u0103n La H\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nghe l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Sa B\u00e0 n\u00e0y: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m chung v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 La H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

Song n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt xem c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i si\u00eau nh\u00e2n gian kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt tuy to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt tuy l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 bi\u00ean t\u1ebf. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa v\u00ec s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1edbt l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2m n\u1eef th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi d\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 sinh l\u00f2ng ghen gh\u00e9t, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt tuy \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, tuy Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi bao la v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng cao c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, v\u00e0 h\u00f3a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i c\u00f3, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7: v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3, Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc duy nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 si\u00eau nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf ph\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng theo T\u00f4n lu\u00e2n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra c\u0169ng th\u01a1m tho kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c vi di\u1ec7u, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n tr\u00ed, to\u00e0n n\u0103ng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, v\u00e0 t\u00f9y \u00fd chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 sinh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng vi di\u1ec7u. Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sinh m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 cao b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u1eefa. Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ea5c n\u1eefa, theo \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng qua v\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n \u1edf tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (\u1ee9ng th\u00e2n?) l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Quan; c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. N\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af: H\u1eeeU T\u00ccNH QUAN.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh quan (l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m) th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch hay nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n? V\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ra sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh bao nhi\u00eau lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Duy\u00ean sinh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 tuy \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh V\u00f4-ng\u00e3-lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, th\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Theo Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (sinh v\u1eadt-Sattvasatta), ch\u1eb3ng qua do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ra, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc (v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t), th\u1ee5 (c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c), t\u01b0\u1edfng (tri gi\u00e1c), h\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed), th\u1ee9c (\u00fd th\u1ee9c), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1eabn h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Song n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau sinh di\u1ec7t lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n, cho n\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n. N\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cnghi\u1ec7p\u201d \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, do ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 h\u00f3a ng\u0169 u\u1eabn \u1edf ki\u1ebfp sau, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt do nhi\u1ec1u duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00f3, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u1eabn bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d hay \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Song \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n chia b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i v\u1eabn theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, trong b\u1ea3y b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 coi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0: gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfp sau c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i trung gian l\u00e0m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c hay kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec trong l\u00fac sinh m\u1ec7nh giao nhau thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec ng\u0169 u\u1eabn c\u0169 ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho ng\u0169 u\u1eabn m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfp. Tuy ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1nh t\u1ecfa. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o linh h\u1ed3n_h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i trung gian_l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Trung-h\u1eefu (Antarabhava, c\u00f3 trung gian); c\u00f2n Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4-trung-h\u1eefu (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung gian). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 tuy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, song ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn th\u00ec th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Trung h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn th\u00ec ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft Trung h\u1eefu l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i trung gian, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, cho b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1eabn n\u00ean l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd sinh t\u1ed3n qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng (t\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m sinh m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn), \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eady. Trong nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft \u201cNg\u00e3\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cu\u1eabn\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca \u201cu\u1eabn\u201d, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft \u201cC\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed u\u1eabn\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u201cT\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v.v\u2026Sau n\u00e0y, Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e2n th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa (Bhavanga)\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sinh t\u1ed3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn b\u00e0i x\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfu theo v\u0103n t\u1ef1 th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh. Song, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng thuy\u1ebft \u201cB\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ea3n lai l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, ta th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 lu\u1eadn. Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ebf th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0i x\u00edch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Song, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n nguy\u00ean sinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c hay Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 x\u00e9t nh\u1eadn l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tam l\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u l\u1edbn: C\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (m\u00e9canisme) v\u00e0 Sinh c\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (Vitalisme). Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 kinh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edch, trong s\u1ef1 kinh qu\u00e1 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi C\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n Sinh c\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec cho t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ta th\u1ea5y Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0m c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn l\u00e0: M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd (l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 hay \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau? Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec cho l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201cs\u00e1u c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 (s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c) m\u1ed9t con v\u01b0\u1ee3n (ch\u1ec9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c)\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y trong Th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 hai: d\u00f9 cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e1u hay m\u1ed9t \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2m s\u1edf\u201d (Caitasika) v\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Citta) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kia thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c hay c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c? N\u1ebfu theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e2m (nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 v.v\u2026) th\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng (Samprayukta), nh\u01b0ng khi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Duy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn theo Sinh c\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (nh\u01b0 Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, Ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9, hay Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng th\u1ebf), th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Tri\u1ec1n (Paryavathama) v\u00e0 T\u00f9y mi\u00ean (Anusya, t\u1ee9c s\u1eed) c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i. V\u00ec Tri\u1ec1n hay T\u00f9y mi\u00ean th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng, Tri\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o,, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng, h\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9, Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00c1n \u0111\u1ea1t la ph\u00e1i v.v\u2026th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho Tri\u1ec1n l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, hai c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ta c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf n\u00ean, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m n\u00eau ra t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u00e2m l\u00fd quan c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd quan trong B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0: B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ec9 mong gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3n. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, hay T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1 xa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft khai th\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp ra thuy\u1ebft Trung h\u1eefu, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3; c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00ec m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i. Song \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 manh nha ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed cho thuy\u1ebft Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0o ba \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: Ho\u1eb7c, Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o. \u0110em nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai, chia th\u00e0nh 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (Duy\u00ean sinh quan), do 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed. V\u00f4 minh (ho\u1eb7c), H\u00e0nh (nghi\u1ec7p) thay cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai sau khi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh. Danh s\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 quan sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y do \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u00f9 (ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gieo nh\u00e2n cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai,v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u201d. L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1eefu\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y sau khi ch\u1ebft, sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 vui, hay ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u1ed5, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt gi\u00e0, \u1ed1m (\u0111au) v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ebfu ta c\u1ee9 theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

thuy\u1ebft lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i duy\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m, v\u00e0 kinh Tr\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf trong Trung A H\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, song m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo thuy\u1ebft Tam th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ee5 sinh trong ba c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc, trong v\u00f2ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef9, s\u00fac sinh, a-tu-la cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, song s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. V\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c chi ph\u1ed1i, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 cho gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng: ba c\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ef1 \u0111o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. (Tr\u1edf l\u00ean tuy ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Duy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn. V\u00ec, tuy l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i theo Duy t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadn, song \u00edt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eabn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong ba c\u00f5i).<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M: TU CH\u1ee8NG LU\u1eacN.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadn trong s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a xu\u1ea5t gia, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ngay \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. Song \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ngay \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y tuy c\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n sau khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt hay \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau, r\u1ed3i \u0111em b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n trong vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba. C\u0169ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, cho n\u00ean B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i t\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, nan gi\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Song, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c tu \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u00f9ng \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft \u201ct\u00e2m t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh\u201d (t\u00e2m t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed1n trong s\u1ea1ch). C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ecf ng\u1ed9\u201d ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh s\u1eb3n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n Ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-t\u1ecda-b\u1ed9 _Thuy\u1ebft-nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-h\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft \u201ct\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3\u201d (th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00e1c nhau). Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m s\u1edf-t\u00e2m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o xa l\u00eca (b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng) t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng_t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i sai bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai: 1) th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o (Darsanamarga) v\u00e0 2) tu \u0111\u1ea1o (Bhavanamarga). Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, chuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, tu \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 t\u00ecnh \u00fd, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mau ch\u00f3ng; c\u00f2n tu \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cho n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tuy \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o nhanh hay ch\u1eadm th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec7m tu (tu d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n), b\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to t\u00e1c trong gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed1n\u201d (nhanh ch\u00f3nh) th\u00ec coi T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3; c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cti\u1ec7m\u201d (d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n) th\u00ec l\u1ea5y Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 (cat\u00e9gerie) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed1n\u201d hay \u201cTi\u1ec7m\u201d, n\u1ebfu do ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i quan s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn lao trong vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u (Srota-apama), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. T\u1eeb S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp theo nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai (Sakrdagamin), qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n (Agamin), v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n (Arhat). T\u1ef1u trung, khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai. \u0110\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba, khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u1edf lu\u00f4n tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian n\u1eefa, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n. T\u1eeb S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba, tuy ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t ly h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, song nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng phu tu luy\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt. V\u00e0 tuy \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh,cho n\u00ean k\u00eau l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc_c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc (Saik-sa, sekha). \u0110\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n (\u1ee8ng), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa\u201d. A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 (\u1ee8ng), v\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, cho n\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p tu \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. C\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc_kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc (Asaikksa, asekha).<\/p>\n

Song th\u1eadt ra qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, trong \u1ea5y do tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00f4ng, s\u00e2u kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cs\u1edf t\u00e1c d\u0129 bi\u1ec7n\u201d_ \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m (Krtakaraniya) \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7m k\u00edn, nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00c1n \u0111\u1ea1t la ph\u00e1i) cho r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n \u0111i n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tinh trong m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 nghi v\u1ea5n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i do th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o cho m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng La H\u00e1n. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, tuy l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 La H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng \u201cKh\u1ed5\u201d th\u00ec c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng, b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n. Khi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to t\u00e1c trong gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi. Theo t\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 La H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u0169ng do m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u00e3ng \u0111i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu tho\u00e1i (c\u00f3 tr\u1edf lui) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 tho\u00e1i ( kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf lui). V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tuy ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9, Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v.v\u2026l\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 tho\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 v.v\u2026th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu tho\u00e1i. Song s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, cho n\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0qu\u1ea3 La H\u00e1n th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft H\u1eefu tho\u00e1i hay thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 tho\u00e1i, song c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n, tuy hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, song \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec La h\u00e1n ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb La-H\u00e1n l\u00e0 H\u1eefu D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Sa-UpadisesaNirvana). Tuy l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. (Danh t\u1eeb H\u1eefu D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t). \u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt n\u00e0y \u0111i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Anupadisesa-nirvana), m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Song ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean quan h\u1ec7, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u01b0 v\u00f4, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, tuy n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft T\u00e2m t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 (B\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eed b\u1ed9) th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cng\u00e3\u201d (c\u00e1i ta) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca \u201cng\u00e3\u201d, cho c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c ng\u00e3 t\u1ecbnh (l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng y\u00ean vui, trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG BA: \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O \u0110\u1ebeN TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I LONG TH\u1ee4<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C V\u00c0 \u0110\u1eb6C CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u0169ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh vi, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 phai m\u1edd d\u1ea7n, V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba (hinayana) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o,nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la ph\u00e1i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, v\u00ec tuy c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o m\u1edbi theo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3 tay. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, th\u00ec B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. C\u0169ng do \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, do nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m t\u1eeb Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Theo v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ecbch kinh c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, th\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch th\u00ec e kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Song \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n do Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Tuy \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, song ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00fac m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la ph\u00e1i, l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, do \u0111\u00f3 mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Hi\u1ec7n trong Ti\u1ec3u-ph\u1ea9m-B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201ckinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0Nam, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam tr\u00e0ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc\u201d. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e2u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Tuy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn cho \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam, song tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu ta \u0111em ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng! Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00ec: t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n nam v\u00e0 b\u1eafc \u1ea4n, nam \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho Kh\u1ed5ng Lu\u1eadn, b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho H\u1eefu Lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea3 hai tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i do hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: H\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 \u00f3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9; h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nam, n\u1eef, c\u01b0 s\u0129 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t. Theo nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy Ma C\u1eadt, Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n phu nh\u00e2n, Hi\u1ec1n H\u1ed9 v.v\u2026t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, c\u00f2n c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia, tuy c\u0169ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng song tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea9y sinh ra cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng canh t\u00e2n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh. Song \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ba t\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n (Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba) ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ebft t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu \u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n A-H\u00e0m, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i k\u1ef7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u00fac, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau x\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0: \u201cQuy y Ph\u1eadt\u201d, l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, nghe l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 sinh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf \u1ea5y m\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a xu\u1ea5t gia, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. M\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sinh ra ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9 ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 sinh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thu\u1eadn theo \u00fd Ph\u1eadt. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1eadp ra thuy\u1ebft \u0111a Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ra. Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng do \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Song, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0: mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Bodhisattva-ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c), tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n. Tuy \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ra, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. Sau \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u1eeba, ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m sa m\u00f4n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tuy l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a (x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a) Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao \u1ea5y n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, tuy m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y ra c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u1ea5y hai thi ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c Ramayana v\u00e0 Mahabharata \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn, Th\u1eafng Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 T\u00e2n B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y T\u00f9y n\u1eefu noa v\u00e0 Th\u00e1p b\u00e0 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p, Ba T\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. Cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy l\u00e0 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, song v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, Cho n\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi T\u00e2n B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eady. Th\u01b0\u1eddng theo s\u00e1t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1o tuy\u1ebfn, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0NH\u1eeeNG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N V\u00c0 T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeU\u00a0\u00a0C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA TR\u01af\u1edaC TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I LONG TH\u1ee4.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u1ea9y n\u1edf v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn La H\u00e1n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. Song, Long Th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp? v\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y c\u1ed5 x\u00fay nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5, ta c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

1) T\u00ecm c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

2) Xem nh\u1eefng kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5 (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III sau t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

Long Th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp-Tr\u1ee5-T\u1ef3-B\u00e0-Sa-lu\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng kinh m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft l\u00fd do \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ecbch kinh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0 Chi-L\u00e2u-Ca-S\u1ea5m (\u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 167 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch), Ng\u00f4-Chi-Khi\u00eam (\u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c 220) Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng-T\u0103ng-H\u1ed9i (\u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c 225), Tr\u00fac-Ph\u00e1p-H\u1ed9 (\u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m265) v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Long Th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Long Th\u1ee5. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Long Th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m trong c\u00e1c kinh, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng ta th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1ef1u trung n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u1ea9m-b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 (25.000 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, b\u1eb1ng Quang-t\u00e1n hay Ph\u00f3ng-Quang-B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3), kinh Ti\u1ec3u-Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1o-H\u00e0nh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt-M\u1eabu B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3), kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, kinh Th\u1eadp-\u0110\u1ecba, Nh\u1eadp-Ph\u00e1p-Gi\u1edbi-Ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Hoa-Nghi\u00eam-b\u1ed9, kinh A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 (\u0110\u1ea1i-V\u00f4-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Th\u1ecd kinh), kinh B\u00e1t-Chu-Tam-Mu\u1ed9i, kinh Duy-Ma-C\u1eadt, kinh Th\u1ee7-L\u0103ng-Nghi\u00eam, kinh T\u01b0-\u00cdch-Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean-S\u1edf-V\u1ea5n-B\u1ea3n-Nguy\u1ec7n, v.v\u2026Ngo\u00e0i ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n nay. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Long Th\u1ee5 _\u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh_\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Song c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111\u1ecdan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eeba, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac kh\u1eddi nguy\u00ean l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i chuy\u00ean t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n ph\u00e1i kia l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, chuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1i tr\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n. Song \u0111\u00fang ra, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u1eabn nhau, n\u1ebfu \u0111em chia \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1eafc, nam kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u201ctr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ea3. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, tuy l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y song tr\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a theo nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n

KINH B\u00c1T NH\u00c3<\/u><\/em>\u00a0(Prajnaparamita-sutra).<\/p>\n

B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d trong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean-sinh-quan trong Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e2n sinh quan, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a v\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba Th\u1eeba (Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean-Gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t), h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f9ng th\u01b0, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3\u00a0do Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u tr\u0103m quy\u1ec3n. Song, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ti\u1ec3u-ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (Astasahasrika-Prajnaparamita) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (Pancavimsa-Sahsrika-Prajnaparmita) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ecbch kinh th\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u-ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 do Tr\u00fac-Ph\u1eadt-S\u00f3c (\u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 172) \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu H\u00e1n hay Chi-L\u00e2u-Ca-S\u1ea5m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1o-H\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng 10 h\u1ed3i; \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 do Ph\u00e1p-H\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Quang T\u00e1n B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng 4 h\u1ed3i. Song x\u00e9t theo n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i-Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u-Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 khai tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u201cdi\u1ec7u h\u1eefu\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t t\u00ednh \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9 h\u00e3m. T\u00ednh \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c (Vijana) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tri th\u1ee9c nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f3, c\u00f2n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c m\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc. Cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hay l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quan th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ), m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. Do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh quan trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed qu\u00e1n\u201d, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m b\u1edfi ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i trong \u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u00ec qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, m\u1edbi m\u1ebd. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu\u201d. T\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, ta th\u1ea5y khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 tuy m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u00e1m th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0 trong Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 72, Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u00fd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTrong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a, c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n; c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m th\u00fay\u201d. C\u00e1i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng trong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho ta b\u1eadn t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5, vui, ngh\u00e8o, gi\u00e0u, m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9, thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1ebft, d\u00f9 \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u201c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m duy\u00ean sinh quan, bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sung th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u1edf ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng hay \u1edf di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu? L\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u1edf s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o hay ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft minh cho c\u1ef1c tinh vi? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

KINH HOA NGHI\u00caM<\/u><\/em>\u00a0(AvatAmsaka or Gandaryuha).<\/p>\n

Trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Tuy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khai tri\u1ec3n trong ph\u1ea1m vi kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m duy\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Hoa Nghi\u00eam 80 quy\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c Hoa Nghi\u00eam 60 quy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tuy v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kinh Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ecbch kinh th\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Chi L\u00e2u Ca S\u1ea5m, Chi Khi\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng duy t\u00e2m. \u201cBa c\u00f5i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u do \u1edf c\u00e1i t\u00e2m\u201d, \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra, \u0111\u1ec1u y theo m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong kinh Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa c\u00e2u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa: \u201cT\u00e2m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u1ebd, v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1eabn (ng\u0169 u\u1eabn), h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o\u201d. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa Nghi\u00eam. Song gi\u1eefa B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau_d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng nhau B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam, sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i t\u01b0 duy trong 21 ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eadp H\u1ea3i \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n (Vairocana) thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hoa Nghi\u00eam. Theo Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh quan, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Song, duy\u00ean sinh quan c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 quy k\u1ebft \u1edf l\u00e3o (gi\u00e0), t\u1eed (ch\u1ebft). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh (kkh\u00f4ng t\u00e2m), t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t duy\u00ean sinh, duy\u00ean sinh \u1ea5y qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi sinh kh\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec duy\u00ean sinh \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n, cho n\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan trong Hoa Nghi\u00eam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n quan_to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f5i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p_Th\u00e2n-T\u1ef3-L\u00f4-X\u00e1-Na (Vairocaca, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1edbn). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong c\u00e1i gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat, ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao h\u00e0m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 duy\u00ean sinh \u0111an d\u1ec7t, qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u1eddi ian, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi nhau, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y b\u1ee5i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng trang nghi\u00eam! N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp duy\u00ean sinh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Thuy\u1ebft Th\u1eadp huy\u1ec1n l\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbng trong Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Hoa Nghi\u00eam tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean sinh quan th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, h\u1ec5 t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. M\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh th\u00ec v\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi, thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y duy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3i qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn duy\u00ean sinh quan.<\/p>\n

KINH DUY MA<\/u><\/em>\u00a0(Vimalakirtinidesa-Sutra).<\/p>\n

\u0110em s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c cao si\u00eau m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh Duy Ma (kinh n\u00e0y t\u1eeb Chi-Khi\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn Huy\u1ec1n Trang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ba quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u-Ma-La-Th\u1eadp).<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh Duy-Ma, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tuy l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a kinh Duy-Ma. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec gi\u1eefa kinh Duy-Ma v\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i. Song l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 quan, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u01b0 t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sai bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1eady. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00e1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00e2m s\u01a1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng theo th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c t\u00e2m, th\u00e2m t\u00e2m, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tr\u00e1nh xa th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u00e2m thanh c\u1ea3nh v\u1eafng, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u1edf ngay trong c\u1ea3nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, trong ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt ch\u0169ng. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ngay ch\u1ed7 b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecdng, b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i l\u00e0m cho b\u00f4ng sen b\u1eebng n\u1edf, t\u1ecfa h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 ngay trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh Duy-Ma. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kinh Duy-Ma ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c tuy l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, song trong c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y, ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh hay t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. B\u1edfi v\u1eady cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Duy-Ma.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u1eady kinh Duy-Ma, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. Kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Duy-Ma-C\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kinh. Duy-Ma-C\u1eadt tuy l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u00e9m c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Thanh-V\u0103n m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ea l\u00e0 k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kinh Duy-Ma \u00e1m th\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

KINH TH\u1ee6 L\u0102NG NGHI\u00caM TAM MU\u1ed8I<\/u><\/em>\u00a0(Surangama-samdhi-sutra).<\/p>\n

Kinh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c Tam mu\u1ed9i (ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 9 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u-Ma-Th\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tuy n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Tam-mu\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t: Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam-mu\u1ed9i (Suran-gama-Samadhi) v\u00e0 B\u00e1t chu Tam-mu\u1ed9i (Pratyu-tpanna-Samadhi). T\u1ef1u trung, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t chu Tam-mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam-mu\u1ed9i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Tam-mu\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7. Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cKi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d, \u201cKi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh\u201d ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u201cD\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c\u201d. Tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y, nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tu tr\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam-mu\u1ed9i. Theo kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i th\u00ec Tam-mu\u1ed9i \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tam-mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Tam-mu\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. Th\u1eadt th\u00ec kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i Tam-mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, xu\u1ea5t gia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c; b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i cho n\u00ean b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4n s\u1edbm hay ch\u1ed1n th\u00ec th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau; b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do sinh t\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam quy k\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam-mu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam tuy th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh Duy-Ma v\u00e0 kinh Th\u1eadp-\u0110\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee5 k\u00fd, tuy kinh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, song v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

KINH DI\u1ec6U PH\u00c1P LI\u00caN HOA<\/u><\/em>\u00a0(Saddharma-Pundarika-Sutra).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, tr\u1ea3i qua Hoa Nghi\u00eam, kinh Duy-Ma, kinh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam-mu\u1ed9i v.v\u2026, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khai tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu. Song \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ngo\u00e0i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Tam-Th\u1eeba ra, c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 m\u00e0 sinh ra th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0i x\u00edch Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba (Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c). N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129. Song s\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba, mu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. B\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m 28 ph\u1ea9m (ho\u1eb7c 27 ph\u1ea9m), nguy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3, v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9 tr\u1edf \u0111i c\u00f3 3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp g\u1ed3m 7 quy\u1ec3n, 28 ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Trong 28 ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, 14 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u201cT\u00edch m\u00f4n\u201d. S\u1edf d\u0129 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau \u0111\u00e2y: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, tuy r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba. Song v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Tam th\u1eeba. Tuy c\u00f3 Tam th\u1eeba sai bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a Tam th\u1eeba dung h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n \u00fd \u1ea5y n\u00ean kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u00fd \u1ea5y: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda, ba xe, h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u00f9ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3o di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u1ea5y, n\u00ean trong khi kinh Duy-Ma coi th\u01b0\u1eddng X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e0nh Thanh V\u0103n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho c\u1ea3 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni, Long n\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Thanh V\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cti\u00eau nha b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c \u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu v\u1eady. C\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong kho\u1ea3ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u01a1 duy\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca khai th\u1ecb m\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u01b0a, th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng mg\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9i Linh S\u01a1n th\u00f4i th\u00ec sau n\u00e0y, khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea5y ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt! V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cPh\u1eadt th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 quan\u201d (Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 14 ph\u1ea9m sau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea3n m\u00f4n\u201d. Theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca tuy th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt nghe ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o (l\u00e2u xa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai Linh Th\u00fa), Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 k\u00fd, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean n\u00eau r\u00f5 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, m\u00e0 l\u00fd ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y quy v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 do gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p (kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa) m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y l\u00fd ph\u00e1p, r\u1ed3i do l\u00fd ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Song Ph\u00e1p-Hoa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1) th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t Kinh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, D\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc th\u00e2n m\u1ec7nh; n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 (d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh) th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu h\u00f3a v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00eau l\u00fd do h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m c\u0103m c\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 quan. M\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kinh c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y_m\u1edf h\u1ed9i Tam Th\u1eeba, h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft \u201cTh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh Ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG GI\u00c1O \u0110I\u1ec2N C\u1ee6A T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8 GI\u00c1O H\u1ec6 L\u1ea4Y KINH \u0110\u1ea0I V\u00d4 L\u01af\u1ee2NG TH\u1ecc L\u00c0M TRUNG T\u00c2M.<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu. Song nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebft thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi ch\u1ebft, hay m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa v\u1eddi. \u0110\u00eam k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau khi ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi ch\u1ebft t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c T\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9-gi\u00e1o-h\u1ec7. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd, tuy l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e3ng sinh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba ngu\u1ed3n: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t (Maitreya-T\u1eeb Th\u1ecb) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7u sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t; th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 (Aksobhya) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7u sinh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Di\u1ec7u H\u1ef7 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng; th\u1ee9 ba: l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 (Amitbha V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan, V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7u sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Di L\u1eb7c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00e1ng sinh xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Sa B\u00e0, tu h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Trong kinh Di L\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, kinh Di L\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 sinh v.v\u2026v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t sau khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nghe Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong kinh Quan Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u0103ng \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean (kinh n\u00e0y do T\u1ef1-C\u1eeb Kinh Thanh d\u1ecbch). Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sinh, tr\u00ec ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i kh\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di \u0110\u00e0. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1 sinh, song v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3i qua \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e3ng sinh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Di\u1ec7u H\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 quan ni\u1ec7m T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa v\u1edbi kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t A-S\u01a1 l\u00fac t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n (12 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh nguy\u1ec7n, 18 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u1ec7n), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7u sinh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e3ng sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00f5i C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9,h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n c\u00f5i C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c. V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i Di\u1ec7u H\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3i do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p \u201cqu\u00e1n kkh\u00f4ng\u201d trong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, tuy \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c kinh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi Chi L\u00e2u Ca S\u1ea5m d\u1ecbch kinh A S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 6 trong kinh B\u1ea3o T\u00edch, th\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 y v\u00e0o kinh 24 nguy\u1ec7n (Chi Khi\u00eam d\u1ecbch kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0, Chi S\u1ea5m d\u1ecbch kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh T\u1ecbnh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c)_m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng trong lu\u1eadn T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa s\u1ebd r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A S\u01a1 tuy c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A S\u01a1 (v\u00ec c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f5i Di\u1ec7u H\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A S\u01a1 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i).<\/p>\n

Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di D\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai:<\/p>\n

1) B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang sinh sinh v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2) S\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c. Trong kinh 48 nguy\u1ec7n (Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i d\u1ecbch kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd hai quy\u1ec3n), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 18, 19 v\u00e0 20, tuy kinh v\u0103n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u tha l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4n c\u1ea7u tha l\u1ef1c. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ta th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb kinh 36 nguy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn kinh 46 nguy\u1ec7n (hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n Ng\u1eef), r\u1ed3i sau c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft 48 nguy\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i_m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. Kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu; theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn Di \u0110\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u00e0m phu, h\u1ebft th\u1ea9y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sinh. Xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft, so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, Di \u0110\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA: PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O QUAN C\u1ee6A LONG TH\u1ee4.<\/h5>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec7n: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng qua nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng vang trong sa m\u1ea1c, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng tr\u00e0n lan b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tuy \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Long Th\u1ee5 (Nagarjuna). S\u1edf d\u0129 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 coi Long Th\u1ee5\u00a0nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng do \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd (Long Th\u1ee5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t truy\u1ec7n, C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch) Long Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t B\u00e0 (Vidharbha) thu\u1ed9c nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng sau, theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u theo h\u1ecdc Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, sau l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u00fay phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 x\u00fay \u1ea5y. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u00ec theo h\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3o T\u1ef7 Kh\u01b0u \u1edf Tuy\u1ebft S\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng theo s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u00c1n-\u0111\u1ea1t-la ph\u00e1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u Long Th\u1ee5 b\u1ecb t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u0103ng? Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. Sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t Long Th\u1ee5 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u00e3nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Tuy Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e1t La (Satvahana), n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quy y cho nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a tr\u00ean n\u00fai H\u1eafc Phong (Bhramaragiri) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec, cho n\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng theo Long Th\u1ee5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t truy\u1ec7n do C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch th\u00ec Long Th\u1ee5 ra \u0111\u1eddi 700 sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec Long Th\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba sau T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch. S\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG T\u00c1C PH\u1ea8M C\u1ee6A CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeU C\u1ee6A LONG TH\u1ee4.<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c hay h\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Long Th\u1ee5. Madhyamakakarika (Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn), \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 theo 500 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y do Thanh M\u1ee5c th\u00edch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 do C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch; Dvadasa-dvara-sastra (Th\u1eadp-nh\u1ecb-m\u00f4n-lu\u1eadn), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3; Dvasabhumikavb-hasa-sastra (Th\u1eadp-tr\u1ee5-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa-lu\u1eadn) \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong S\u01a1-\u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 Trung-\u0111\u1ecba trong kinh Th\u1eadp-\u0111\u1ecba. \u1ede T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec l\u1ea5y Mulama-dhy-amika-karika (C\u0103n c\u1ee9 trung lu\u1eadn), Yuktisa-sthika-karika (L\u1ee5c Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng Nh\u01b0 L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn), Sunyatasaptatikarika (Th\u1ea5t-Th\u1eadp-Kh\u00f4ng-T\u00ednh-Lu\u1eadn), Vigra havyvart anikarika (H\u1ed3i-T\u1ecbnh-Lu\u1eadn), Vaidalya-sutra l\u00e0m 5 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00f3: H\u1ed3i-T\u1ecbnh-Lu\u1eadn, do T\u1ef3-M\u1ee5c-Tr\u00ed-Ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch; B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1-T\u01b0-L\u01b0\u01a1ng-Lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1t-Ma-V\u1ea5p-\u0110a d\u1ecbch (k\u1ec7, Long-Th\u1ee5 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a); Long Th\u1ee5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t V\u1ecb-Thuy\u1ec1n-\u0110\u00e0-Gi\u00e0-V\u01b0\u01a1ng-Thuy\u1ebft-Ph\u00e1p-Y\u1ebfu-K\u1ec7, C\u1ea7u-Na-B\u1ea1t-Ma d\u1ecbch; Long Th\u1ee5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Khuy\u1ebfn Gi\u1edbi-V\u01b0\u01a1ng-T\u1ee5ng, Ngh\u0129a-T\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch, v.v\u2026L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n: B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1-T\u00e2m-Ly-T\u01b0\u1edbng Lu\u1eadn, L\u1ee5c-Th\u1eadp-T\u1ee5ng-Nh\u01b0-L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb T\u1ee5ng Lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u00e1 H\u1eefu Lu\u1eadn, T\u00e1n Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi T\u1ee5ng v.v\u2026 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u do Thi H\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea0I L\u01af\u1ee2C V\u1ec0 PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O QUAN C\u1ee6A LONG TH\u1ee4.<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y cho nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o quan c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ri\u00eang, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho Long Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y t\u1ed5 khai s\u00e1ng ra B\u00e1t-T\u00f4n, C\u1eedu-T\u00f4n. V\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, ta n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu ta cho Trung Lu\u1eadn, Th\u1eadp-Tr\u1ee5-T\u1ef3-B\u00e0-Sa lu\u1eadn, Khuy\u1ebfn Gi\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5ng v.v\u2026th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, th\u00ec h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 s\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, Long Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u1eady v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n cho Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5, tuy c\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, song c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Long Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i x\u00edch Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tuy ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u201cKh\u00f4ng-Qu\u00e1n\u201d trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7, Long Th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do th\u1ee9 hai: V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sinh n\u00ean Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu cho lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp-Tr\u1ee5-T\u1ef3-B\u00e0-Sa ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 th\u00ec ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9y c\u01a1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, l\u00fac th\u00ec chia ra Tam Th\u1eeba (\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Trung Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba) khi l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh Ng\u0169 Th\u1eeba (Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, Nh\u00e2n Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Th\u1eeba). Nh\u00e2n Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn ngay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tu ti\u1ebfn, l\u1ea5y Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Xem th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng trong B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Long Th\u1ee5 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u1ea5y, mu\u1ed1n \u0111em tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o gieo r\u1eaft b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho n\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t bao qu\u00e1t. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn, ta th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 l\u00fac th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 l\u00fac cao, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u khi co, khi r\u00e3n, t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Song chia ra t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng? Theo quan ni\u1ec7m Ng\u0169 Th\u1eeba th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Cho n\u00ean, chuy\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Long Th\u1ee5 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 chia l\u00e0m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, theo t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan.
\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai: Ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng quan.
\nGiai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba: Di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu quan.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u01b0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Tr\u1ee5 T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t; Trung lu\u1eadn, Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb M\u00f4n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai v\u00e0 T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi t\u1ee5ng_n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5_\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ba; c\u00f2n Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tuy l\u1ea5y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ba. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i theo \u201cH\u1eefu\u201d, \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i H\u1eefu m\u1ea1nh; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ba, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Trung \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo th\u00e2m \u00fd c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 th\u00ec: trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 hai v\u00e0 ba; trong \u0111o\u1ea1n hai g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ba, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong \u0111o\u1ea1n ba bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 hai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m chia lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, thuy\u1ebft minh r\u00f5 t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t th\u00ec theo t\u00f4i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG C\u1ee6A LONG TH\u1ee4.<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Long Th\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Trung Lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u00e1ng ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Song, th\u1eadt ra, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung Lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, Trung Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ba ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t \u201cNh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean hai l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf (paramartha-satya-Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf (Lokasamvrthi-satya-T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf). Hi\u1ec7n nay l\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u1eefu b\u1ed9, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, quan ni\u1ec7m \u201cCh\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd chung c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Trung Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1 nh\u1ecb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cbi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng lu\u1eadn\u201d, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mu\u1ed1n \u0111em h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y quy v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 tuy \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1, cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y n\u0103m u\u1eabn, 18 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d, song tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Long Th\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng lu\u1eadn \u201cH\u1eefu\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, r\u1ed3i \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh Trung Lu\u1eadn. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ea5y, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Long Th\u1ee5 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u1ee9 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo hai m\u1eb7t sinh, di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t, kh\u00e1c, \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u201cB\u00e1t-B\u1ea5t\u201d (T\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng). L\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t B\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, thuy\u1ebft c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i: sinh-di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng-\u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t-kh\u00e1c, \u0111i-l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Trung Lu\u1eadn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 Trung Lu\u1eadn tuy c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 27 ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (Pratya-pariksa) \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m T\u00e0-ki\u1ebfn (Drstipariksa), nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00eam ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 duy\u00ean sinh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Long Th\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, cho r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan; ngo\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan; ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1ch quan th\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, m\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec: ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00e1ch quan, quan h\u1ec7, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Xin tr\u00edch ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng trong Trung Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u201d trong thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t B\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110i r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi \u0111i
\nCh\u01b0a \u0111i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111i
\nNgo\u00e0i c\u00e1i \u0111i r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111i
\nTh\u00ec khi \u0111i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111i!\u201d<\/p>\n

Ta h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy t\u01b0\u1edfng trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau: trong c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201c\u0111i r\u1ed3i\u201d (gata) th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i; trong c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cch\u01b0a \u0111i\u201d (agata) c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i. M\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111i r\u1ed3i th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u1edf trong c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201c\u0111ang \u0111i\u201d (gamya-ana) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i, cho n\u00ean Long Th\u1ee5 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Long Th\u1ee5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, d\u00f9ng b\u1ed1n c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i sinh-di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng-\u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1ee9-lai, nh\u1ea5t-d\u1ecb l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Ngo\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Song, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00e1t \u00e1i l\u00e0m s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn duy\u00ean sinh, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 minh kh\u00e1t \u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ebfn ngay c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1t; do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u201cKh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111em thuy\u1ebft Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba tuy th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00e2n l\u00fd B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Long Th\u1ee5 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i, v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 danh (prajnapti) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu h\u00f3a n\u00f3: \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Trong Trung Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u00fd \u1ea5y: \u201c C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u201cTrung \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng KH\u00d4NG v\u00e0 H\u1eeeU\u00a0tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng TRUNG \u0110\u1ea0O.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y \u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u201cTrong B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec3n; c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d (Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 72). Do \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu. Trong T\u00e1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5, th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Hoa Nghi\u00eam chuy\u1ec3n \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean? Trong B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u01b0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Tr\u1ee5 T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y. Trong \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u1edf ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ee7y t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t T\u00f4n, C\u1eedu T\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m, b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec s\u1ee3 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 (ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1edd tha l\u1ef1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sinh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i B\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea9m D\u1ecb H\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 t\u1ef3 b\u00e0 sa, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ee5).<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 T\u01af: \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u1eea SAU TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I LONG TH\u1ee4
\n\u0110\u1ebeN TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I V\u00d4 TR\u01af\u1edaC V\u00c0 TH\u1ebe TH\u00c2N.<\/h4>\n
TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0\u00dd NGH\u0128A S\u1ef0 K\u1ebeT T\u1eacP NH\u1eeeNG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeU C\u1ee6A \u00a0\u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA \u0110\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1edcI .<\/h5>\n

Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Long th\u1ee5 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba , n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Song, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft “Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu” ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m duy\u00ean sinh quan, c\u00f2n Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m. Trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m duy\u00ean sinh quan v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m duy\u00ean sinh quan? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb x\u01b0a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, tr\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam-th\u1eeba sai kh\u00e1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nh\u1ea5t-th\u1eeba, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa tuy \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt-Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft T\u00e2n-hu\u00e2n-ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed (kinh nghi\u1ec7m) l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghe Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau l\u00ean thuy\u1ebft “h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh” nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n trong Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long th\u1ee5, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c, song kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n ngo\u00e0i T\u1ea5n-ph\u00e1p-gi\u1edbi-t\u1ee5ng (n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Long th\u1ee5) ra, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch. Song, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (\u1ee8ng th\u00e2n), ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (B\u00e1o th\u00e2n), th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi hai th\u00e2n kia, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu .<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean sau Long th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5 .v.v. Tuy l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9-gi\u00e1o-h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n-h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long th\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam b\u1edbt v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i nh\u1eefg kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n sau th\u1eddi Long th\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i .<\/p>\n

Song, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i-Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea5y \u0111em t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “T\u00e2m-t\u00ednh-b\u1ea3n-t\u1ecbnh-kh\u00e1ch-tr\u1ea7n-phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7 hay “Sinh-m\u1ec7nh-quan-sinh-c\u01a1-lu\u1eadn” c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-t\u1ecda-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba h\u00f3a th\u00eam. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111\u00e0 (Vedanta) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1ed1-lu\u1eadn (S\u00e0mkhy\u00e0) v\u1eady . Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u1ea5y m\u00e0 kinh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n .<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I KINH \u0110I\u1ec2M M\u1edaI V\u00c0 L\u1ecaCH TR\u00ccNH TH\u00c0NH L\u1eacP.<\/h5>\n

Song c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc tr\u00ean? K\u1ec3 ra th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u00e0 \u0111an c\u1eed th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, Kinh B\u1ea5t-t\u0103ng-b\u1ea5t-gi\u1ea3m, Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u00e1p-c\u1ed5, Kinh Th\u1eafng-m\u1ea1n, Kinh V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-y, Kinh \u0110\u1ea1t-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt, Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma (ch\u01b0a d\u1ecbch) v\u00e0 Kinh Nh\u1eadp-l\u0103ng-gi\u00e0. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Long th\u1ee5 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu theo s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ecbch kinh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long th\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa. X\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf -Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 t\u00ean c\u00e1c kinh, trong Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn tuy ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ba b\u1ed9 l\u00e0: Kinh Th\u1eafng-m\u1ea1n, kinh V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-y v\u00e0 kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt, song theo n\u1ed9i dung Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft. Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n C\u1eedu-d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng trong Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, th\u00ec kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ebft “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh”, thuy\u1ebft “Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n”, hay thuy\u1ebft “Th\u01b0\u1eddng-l\u1ea1c-ng\u00e3-t\u1ecbnh”, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft “ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 nay c\u00f3, x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 nay kh\u00f4ng” (Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 4), c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn “B\u1ea3n-v\u00f4-kim-h\u1eefu-tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng nay c\u00f3” v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u00e1p-c\u1ed5 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, so v\u1edbi kinh V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-y v\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u00e1p-c\u1ed5, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau. C\u00f2n kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y A-t\u1ef1u trung, kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ecb, mu\u1ed1n theo nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt tuy c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i quan m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng. Kinh L\u0103ng-nh\u1eadp-gi\u00e0 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0-duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i , t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau c\u00f9ng (duy c\u00f3 kinh L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf-th\u00e2n) .<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean .<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0\u0110\u1eb6C CH\u1ea4T T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N<\/h5>\n

KINH \u0110\u1ea0I-PH\u01af\u01a0NG-\u0110\u1eb2NG-NH\u01af-LAI-T\u1ea0NG.<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y do hai ng\u00e0i Tr\u00fac-ph\u00e1i-h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-t\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n d\u1ecbch (290-306 T.L). Nh\u01b0ng trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3 nghi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do hai Ng\u00e0i Gi\u00e1c-Hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t-Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-Qu\u00e3ng-Nh\u01b0-Lai-T\u1ea1ng-Kinh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c-Hi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u1ed5 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, danh t\u1eeb Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng (Tathagatugarbha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong kinh Th\u1eadp-\u0110\u1ecba, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 thuy\u1ebft minh, v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb V\u00f4-ch\u01b0\u1edbng-ng\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng trong t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong kinh Th\u1eadp-\u0110\u1ecba, \u00fd ngh\u0129a danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng danh t\u1eeb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef. Theo kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tuy b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, che l\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt, cho n\u00ean k\u00eau n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o che l\u1ea5p, n\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. M\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n lai v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m s\u1eb3n trong t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u00edn lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu chi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec tuy c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1i nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u. Trong Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn (quy\u1ec3n 4) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ki\u00ean Tu\u1ec7, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng chuy\u00ean suy t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong n\u1ed9i T\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ra sao? V\u00e0 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ta th\u1ea5y kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f4i pha.<\/p>\n

KINH B\u1ea4T T\u0102NG B\u1ea4T GI\u1ea2M<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

K\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i pha k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n \u0111em t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1eb3n hoi: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng B\u1ea5t Gi\u1ea3m (B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch-530 T.L).<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 trong C\u1eeda k\u00ednh Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba B\u1ea3o t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, Ki\u00ean Tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng, cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sinh nguy\u00ean lai ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 sinh ra r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, cho n\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i quan th\u00ec m\u00ea c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Ch\u00fang sinh gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh gi\u1edbi l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Song c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebft trong c\u00f5i ch\u00fang sinh, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m mu\u1ed1n theo ba l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1ea5t thanh t\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb trong Kh\u1edfi T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n. Thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m n\u00f3i: “T\u00f4i theo ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n”.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai: tuy kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, song kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n “kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o”, l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba”, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb Kh\u1edfi T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m sinh di\u1ec7t m\u00f4n, cho n\u00ean kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i “T\u00f4i y theo ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n”.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba: \u0111\u1ec3 dung h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i: “T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p, trong th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p”. N\u00f3i theo Kh\u1edfi T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi sinh di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e2u: “V\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n” m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec trong c\u00e2u tr\u00ean tuy t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Kh\u1edfi T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, mu\u1ed1n \u0111em t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng suy r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft minh, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n kinh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

KINH\u00a0TH\u1eaeNG\u00a0MAN.<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ngang nhau l\u00e0 kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n, t\u1ee9c kinh S\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e3ng ( c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3ng d\u1ecbch do Ng\u00e0i C\u1ea7u-na-b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la \u0111\u1eddi L\u01b0u T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 436 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u01b0u chi d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 503-535).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, tuy n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to t\u00e1t nh\u01b0: Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, Tam \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, Nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, Tam th\u1eeba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v..v. nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng) l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. Song, x\u00e9t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, \u0111em c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc Nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, so s\u00e1nh th\u00ec kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u1edf ch\u1ed5 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u1ea3 hai kinh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tinh t\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t sau kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n, Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 vui, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 chi tr\u00ec, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sinh t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u1edf Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng B\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m. C\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n t\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1ea5y, n\u00f3i theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i T\u00e2m v\u00f4 minh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (V\u00f4 minh, v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c), n\u00f3i theo Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 minh b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi; v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf kinh n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nh\u01b0-Lai m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-Lai (\u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0-tin-thanh-t\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean). B\u1edfi v\u1eady, tuy c\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft minh Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ea1ng. Kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng: Kh\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t-kh\u00f4ng-Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng ( nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh ch\u00fang do \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 ra) T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng trong kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

1) T\u1eeb c\u00e1i ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 suy t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, trong l\u00fac thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 minh, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

2) L\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 suy nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Kh\u1edfi-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n

KINH V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1ee2NG Y<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u1edf sau, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 kinh V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-y (575 T.L do ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch; kinh Th\u1eadm-hy-h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n-Trang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u00f3). B\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u-k\u00ednh-b\u1ea3o-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-t\u00e2n lu\u1eadn, Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn .v.v..<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-gi\u1edbi, tuy b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o che l\u1ea5p qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i n\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i x\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u1ebfu l\u00eca h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kinh B\u1ea5t t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Song, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y \u1edf ch\u1ed5 n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0: kinh n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tu h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh, kinh n\u00e0y chia c\u0103n c\u01a1 l\u00e0 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ng\u0169-t\u00ednh, C\u00e1c-bi\u1ec7n-lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt lu\u1eadn trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u01a1 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 (Icchantika);
\nNgo\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ea1o.
\nThanh-v\u0103n.
\nDuy\u00ean-gi\u00e1c.
\nPh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ba c\u00f5i, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c kinh n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p theo c\u00e1i t\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Thanh v\u0103n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 sinh t\u1eed, v\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u1ea3i \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i ph\u00e1 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tam mu\u1ed9i m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Bi.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tu theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tam mu\u1ed9i m\u00f4n, tu h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i bi r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00e0y \u1edf ch\u1ed5: “\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Nh\u01b0-lai v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eed, \u1edf trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 mau th\u00e0nh “A-n\u1eadu-\u0111a-la-tam-mi\u1ec7u-tam-B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1” (Ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0-lai gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai) Kinh V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n tuy l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

KINH \u0110\u1ea0I NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng hay Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c kinh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ti\u00ean thi\u00ean chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Song, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu n\u1eefa, do \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn lao: \u0111em h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 quan. Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong l\u00fac nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 chy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea5y l\u00fd ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Song ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n quan n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, do \u0111\u00f3 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1eafm. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3, tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Ph\u1eadt v\u1ecb lai hay Ph\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, song d\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, \u1edf ph\u1ea9m V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd. Song trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, l\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110i xa m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1eefa l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng hay Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 kinh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ng\u00e0y nay. Kinh n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft V\u1ec7-\u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 S\u1ed1-lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eddi Long th\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 kinh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Tam Mu\u1ed9i v.v. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-h\u1ec7, kinh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n? Song t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kinh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, Th\u01b0\u1eddng-l\u1ea1c-ng\u00e3-t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. M\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Nay ta h\u00e3y th\u1eed xem th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y: nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-quan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kinh n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-quan, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “b\u1ecf m\u00ea c\u1ea7u ng\u1ed9”. Song b\u1ecf m\u00ea c\u1ea7u ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n. Do \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n quan l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0: “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh”, “K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng”, “B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u00e2m”, “Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n”, “Ph\u1eadt-th\u00e2n” v.v. ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111em h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh. Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0 chung c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 y\u00ean vui r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i thanh t\u1ecbnh; \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do m\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1eddng-L\u1ea1c-Ng\u00e3-T\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1i nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt tuy \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n-Th\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n-Th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Ho\u00e1-th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng-th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5-quan, kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt-th\u00e2n-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5-quan, l\u1ea5y kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kinh Kim-Quang-Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt-th\u00e2n-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5 cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i quy k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0: \u0111\u1eb7t kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-h\u1ec7, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”, song c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tin thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y: kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p-Hi\u1ec3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch 40 quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0m-V\u00f4-S\u1ea5m, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u, tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “Xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”, song tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn S\u01b0-T\u1eed-H\u1ed1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 23 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. “ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ngay \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh”.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1ng Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh v\u1eabn thi\u1ec7n v\u00ec sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? L\u00e0 v\u00ec “Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-ch\u00ednh-\u0110\u1eb3ng-ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu cho kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Trung Hoa quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng do l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, thuy\u1ebft T\u1ea5t H\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh, Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh, Ph\u1eadt-th\u00e2n-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5, Xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v.v. tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-v\u00f4-t\u01b0\u1edfng (m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00e2n do \u0110\u00e0m-v\u00f4-s\u1ea5m d\u1ecbch) v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 kinh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kinh V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00ec ch\u1ed5 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p C\u1ed5 (C\u1ea7u Na B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00e0 d\u1ecbch 435-468 T.L) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Khi nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n (418 T.L), do ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Hi\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Ban M\u00ea B\u00e0n kinh, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u quy\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 S\u1ea5m t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh (421 T.L) d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1: \u0110\u1ea1i Ban Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kinh g\u1ed3m 40 quy\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra sau n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u1eefa chia l\u00e0m hai quy\u1ec3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ban Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kinh, do ng\u00e0i Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c Na B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00e0 La v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ninh \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch hai quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi 40 quy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 40 quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n \u0111em chia ra th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o tra g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nam B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

KINH GI\u1ea2I TH\u00c2M M\u1eacT<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng (Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh, Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean: gi\u1eefa l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Duy Ma th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt trong ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u do T\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i T\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sai v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Duy Ma thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: s\u1edf s\u0129 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00f4 minh v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Song \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh, th\u00ec trong c\u00e1i v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh (T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f4i h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra, v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy-Th\u1ee9c-Ph\u1eadt-Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u th\u00ec Duy-Th\u1ee9c-Ph\u1eadt-Gi\u00e1o tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf-th\u00e2n v\u00e0 10 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i-lu\u1eadn-s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec Duy-Th\u1ee9c-Ph\u1eadt-Gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 manh nha t\u1eeb kinh Gi\u1ea3i-Th\u00e2m-M\u1eadt v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp-L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0. T\u1ef1u trung kinh Gi\u1ea3i-Th\u00e2m-M\u1eadt l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-T\u01b0\u1edbng-T\u00f4n sau n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o-h\u1ec7 V\u00f4-tr\u01b0\u1edbc-Th\u1ebf-th\u00e2n, chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec c\u00f3: Th\u00e2m-M\u1eadt-Gi\u1ea3i-Tho\u00e1t-kinh g\u1ed3m 5 quy\u1ec3n do ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n-Trang d\u1ecbch (645). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ea7u-Na-B\u1ea1t-\u0110\u00e0-La v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-\u0110\u1ebf v.v.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh Gi\u1ea3i-Th\u00e2m-M\u1eadt tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng ta h\u00e3y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1) Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, l\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u1eeda g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c ( Alayavjna-t\u1ea1ng-th\u1ee9c) hay A-\u0110\u00e0-Na-Th\u1ee9c ( Adanavijnana-ch\u1ea5p-tr\u00ec-th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y. \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef7 Long th\u1ee5, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng r\u00f9a s\u1eebng th\u1ecf, sau n\u00e0y trong th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt m\u1edbi l\u1eadp n\u00ean th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia hay A-\u0111\u00e0-na ( nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y A-l\u1ea1i-gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m v\u00e0 A-\u0111\u00e0-na \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, song Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ngo\u00e0i Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng hay Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh ra, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0: “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3 u\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca ng\u00e3 u\u1ea9n” v\u00e0 “h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n th\u1ee9c”, “\u00fd th\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf”, “c\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed u\u1ea9n” v.v. c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng . Nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c A-\u0111\u00e0-na-th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i: “Th\u1ee9c A-\u0111\u00e0-na v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p n\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i t\u1eed”. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 danh t\u1eeb th\u00ec kinh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: ” Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-\u0111\u00e0-na-th\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a, gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac”. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh hay nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Song, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo kinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, hay nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9-Ph\u00e1p sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u00f4 minh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec tuy r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhu y\u1ebfu thanh t\u1ecbnh, song \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng trong kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2) \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c n\u00ean c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft tam t\u01b0\u1edbng tam v\u00f4 minh. Tam t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0: Bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng (Parihalpi-talahsana), Y tha kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1edbng (Pratantra) v\u00e0 Vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng (Parinispana-1). Bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m; Y tha kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh, bao h\u00e0m t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Tuy kinh n\u00e0y chia b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh: l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh), an l\u1eadp ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf), t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf), nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c (kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh) b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Tam-T\u01b0\u1edbng-Quan. Song ba t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111em quy v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m: bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p d\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i danh ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh); Y tha kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u1edbi sinh ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m, cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (sinh v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh); vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1i t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh (th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh) b\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb Tam T\u01b0\u1edbng Tam V\u00f4 T\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng quy v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i KH\u00d4NG, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

3) Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i: “L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, n\u00f3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a nghe; sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p cao si\u00eau nh\u01b0: v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, v\u00f4 sinh di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed5 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3; nay theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft Tam T\u01b0\u1edbng Tam V\u00f4 T\u00ednh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng Tam Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp sau c\u00f9ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tam Th\u1eeba khai h\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “Tam Th\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t” v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. M\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1eddng Tam Th\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t sau n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169-t\u00ednh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd. Theo kinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft “Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba” trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129a” Tam Th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o thanh t\u1ecbnh”, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sai kh\u00e1c (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Trung, H\u1ea1) c\u1ee7a Tam Th\u1eeba. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea1 bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, kinh n\u00e0y chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh ti\u00eau \u0111\u00edch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, cho n\u00ean gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, b\u1ed9 kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt n\u00e0y tuy l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u1ecd , ngo\u00e0i kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c. m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma hay A t\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea9m Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma-T\u1eadp lu\u1eadn (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 7, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 9, th\u1ee9 28), Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn (Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u, quy\u1ec3n 9, quy\u1ec3n 3, quy\u1ec3n 32, quy\u1ec3n 36) v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v.v. t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01a1i kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

KINH NH\u1eacP L\u0102NG GI\u00c0<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt tuy nh\u1eadn tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1i nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft minh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0. Kinh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00f3: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng (L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 A B\u1ea1t \u0110a La B\u1ea3o kinh, g\u1ed3m 4 quy\u1ec3n do C\u1ea7u Na B\u1ea1t \u0110a La d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 443); b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y (Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Kinh, g\u1ed3m 10 quy\u1ec3n, do B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 553); b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 kinh, g\u1ed3m 7 quy\u1ec3n, do Th\u1ef1c Xoa Nan \u0110\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 700). ba b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Song n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ch\u1ed5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u xoay quanh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ng\u0169-ph\u00e1p, Tam-t\u00ednh, B\u00e1t-th\u1ee9c, Nh\u1ecb-v\u00f4-ng\u00e3. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 loay hoay thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong L\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-a-b\u1ea1t-\u0111a-la-b\u1ea3o-kinh n\u00f3i: “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong n\u0103m ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, tam th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hai v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. “N\u0103m ph\u00e1p, ba t\u1ef1-t\u00ednh, b\u00e1t th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hai v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: Danh (nama), T\u01b0\u1edbng (nimitta), Ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t (samkalpa), Ch\u00ednh-tr\u00ed (samyagjnana), Nh\u01b0-nh\u01b0 (tathata-ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0). Trong Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba-lu\u1eadn, Hi\u1ec3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng-th\u00e1nh-gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Danh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt; t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do c\u00e1i danh m\u00e0 c\u00f3; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u1eefa danh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ba c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Bi\u1ebft-k\u1ebf-ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 Y-tha-kh\u1edfi. Ch\u00ednh-tr\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng danh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n Nh\u01b0-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. N\u0103m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00ea v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9. C\u00f2n Tam-t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn-k\u1ebf-ch\u1ea5p. Y-tha-kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 Vi\u00ean-th\u00e0nh-th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng trong kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Tam-t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh Y-kha-kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft “Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed” tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ng\u0169-ph\u00e1p so v\u1edbi Tam-t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn-k\u1ebf, Y-tha; Ch\u00ednh-tr\u00ed, Nh\u01b0-nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n trong t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia trong kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t-na-th\u1ee9c (Manas), nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam hai th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, so v\u1edbi kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt, kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Song n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra, lu\u1eadn B\u00e1t-th\u1ee9c trong kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed5 kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec kinh n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n chia t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c ra l\u00e0m hai hay ba lo\u1ea1i (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, 4 quy\u1ec3n l\u0103ng gi\u00e0 chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y, \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i). Ba lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: Ch\u00e2n-th\u1ee9c (Jiativjnana), Hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ee9c (Khyativijnana), Ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t-th\u1ee9c (Vastuprakal pavijnana). hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: Hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t-th\u1ee9c. Khi chia l\u00e0m ba th\u00ec do ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i do hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n-bi\u1ec7t-th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia. Nh\u01b0ng kinh n\u00e0y coi s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, theo kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 th\u00ec s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n-th\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m) l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (Acintyavasanaparinamahetukam), ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0) l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 minh hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi (visayavikal-pahetukam), h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng do s\u1ef1 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y (anadikalaprapaneavasana), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 danh t\u01b0\u1edbng v.v. \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y t\u1eadp kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Cho n\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan hay kh\u00e1ch quan, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n \u00fd-th\u1ee9c; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Duy-th\u1ee9c-quan c\u1ee7a kinh Nh\u1eadp-L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f3ng l\u1eb7ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng trong bi\u1ec3n \u00fd-th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 trong ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u00ec kinh n\u00e0y chia c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c ra l\u00e0m ba t\u01b0\u1edbng: ch\u00e2n-t\u01b0\u1edbng (Jatiaksanna), nghi\u1ec7p-ch\u01b0\u1edbng (jarmalaksana) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n-t\u01b0\u1edbng (pravitilaksana). Ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, nghi\u1ec7p-t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec3n-t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 theo kinh n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng phu tu luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ebd nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t . Trong l\u00fac c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp s\u00f3ng trong bi\u1ec3n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1ea5u th\u1ee9c (c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn), v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y th\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, thanh t\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 A B\u1ea1t \u0110a La B\u1ea3o kinh, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 hai trong Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 kinh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 kinh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn hai m\u1eb7t t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia. T\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 x\u00e1c t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m nh\u1ecb m\u00f4n” trong Kh\u1edfi T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn. Song \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kinh n\u00e0y tuy l\u1eadp ra th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed5 l\u1edd m\u1edd, tuy th\u1eeb nh\u1eadn hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed5 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u0129a l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba M\u1eadt Nghi\u00eam (\u0110\u1ecba B\u00e0 Ha La d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng), theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c \u00fd c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0NH\u1eeeNG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N K\u1ec2 TR\u00caN V\u1edaI TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-h\u1ec7. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i xin \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ta h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-quan hay A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c-quan \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau Long th\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 manh nha ngay t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kinh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, T\u1ef1u trung, Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-quan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft “T\u00e2m-t\u00ednh-b\u1ea3n-t\u1ecbnh” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9; A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c-quan c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft “Sinh-c\u01a1-sinh-m\u1ec7nh” c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-t\u1ecda-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7; th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5, gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1-Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1ec7-\u0110\u00e0n-\u0110a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t huy nguy\u00ean-l\u00fd-di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu trong “ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng-di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu-quan” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp “Kh\u00f4ng-quan” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t huy, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec s\u1edf d\u0129 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c) th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111em h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb”. C\u00f2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh “ng\u1ed9” c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “thu\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3”. V\u1eady hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 kinh M\u1eadt Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-quan, B\u00e1o-th\u00e2n-quan v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng-th\u00e2n-quan tuy c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefnh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n-quan v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng-th\u01b0\u1eddng-tr\u1ee5-quan \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Tam-th\u00e2n-quan (c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u1ee9-th\u00e2n-quan), th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khai tri\u1ec3n l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t sau th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y th\u00eam n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Th\u1eadt ra v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1edbi. V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf, ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p Ba-la-m\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n th\u00eam: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p Ba-la-m\u1eadt. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tuy c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Duy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, th\u00ec Tam Th\u1eeba (Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean-Gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t) hay Ng\u0169 Th\u1eeba (Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean-Gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, B\u1ea5t-\u0110\u1ecbnh, Nh\u1ea5t-Xi\u1ec3n-\u0110\u1ec1) v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c nhau hay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng dung th\u00f4ng l\u1eabn nhau? Tuy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Tam Th\u1eeba Khai H\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Bi\u1ec7t Gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba v.v. n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, l\u1ea5y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, th\u00ec theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0i ba b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n, kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v.v. \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp n\u00ean ph\u1ea9m \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ra thuy\u1ebft \u0103n chay, ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “th\u1ef1c t\u1ecbnh nh\u1ee5c” c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u00e2n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng . L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean tuy c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn “V\u00f4 d\u01b0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n” l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m Th\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ea1c Ng\u00e3 T\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u1ee8ng-th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh n\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”. t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 manh nha ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft, c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p C\u1ed5, kinh V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ngNam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Nam H\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Song, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba H\u1ec7 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Trung \u1ea4n ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc \u1ea4n, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. Trong kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, kinh n\u00e0y t\u1eeb p\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc K\u1ebf T\u00e2n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y A Du X\u00e0 (Ayodhya) thu\u1ed9c Trung \u1ea4n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i \u0111em \u0111\u1eb7t trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Trung \u1ea4n, theo t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh b\u1edfi n\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u vua C\u1ea5p \u0110a (kh\u1ecfang t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 A Du X\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Chi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0 C\u1ea5p \u0110a (Chandragupta) \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb r\u1eddi kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u1ec1 A Du X\u00e0, th\u00ec A Du X\u00e0 nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M: PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O \u1ede TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I V\u00d4 TR\u01af\u1edaC V\u00c0 TH\u1ebe TH\u00c2N<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: T\u1ed4NG LU\u1eacN.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean tuy v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd h\u1eb3n hoi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che d\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba sau B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn Long Th\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asanga), Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n (Vasubandhu) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd th\u00ec anh em V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Ki\u1ec1u-Thi-Ca (Kausika), ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u1edf th\u00e0nh Ki\u1ec7n-\u0111\u00e0-la (Purusapura) nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh B\u1ea1ch-Sa-Ng\u00f5a (Peshawar), c\u1ea3 hai anh em \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t gia. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh l\u00e0 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu theo H\u00f3a-\u0110\u1ecba-B\u1ed9 c\u00f2n em l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n tu theo H\u1eefu-B\u1ed9 (Virincivastsa). V\u1ec1 sau tuy c\u1ea3 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t gia theo H\u00f3a-\u0110\u1ecba-B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 H\u1eefu-B\u1ed9 n\u00ean ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc phong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n sau nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a anh m\u1edbi tu theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. C\u1ea3 hai anh em \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y A-Du-X\u00e0 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady A-Du-X\u00e0 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng theo s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n-b\u00e1n-th\u1ebf-k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 (V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 75 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n th\u1ecd 80 tu\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n

V\u00f4-tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh tuy \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Song ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Di-L\u1eb7c (Maitreya) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u00ean t\u1eadp sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Di-L\u1eb7c tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-Su\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn sau nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Di-L\u1eb7c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 th\u00edch th\u00fa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ta h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Di-L\u1eb7c song c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Trang Nghi\u00eam kinh (Sutralukara) hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Di-L\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ee9 xem th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

A-Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Di L\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n

-Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn (Rocaryabhmuisastya), 100 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch .
\n-\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Trang Nghi\u00eam kinh lu\u1eadn, 12 quy\u1ec3n, B\u00e0 La Ph\u1ea3 M\u1eadt \u0110a La d\u1ecbch (Mahayanasutylankra.Pxr.S Levi.Paris 1907).
\n-Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba Kinh lu\u1eadn (trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n), 12 quy\u1ec3n, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch.
\n-Bi\u00ean Trung Bi\u00ean T\u1ee5ng, 1 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

B-Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n

-Hi\u1ec3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn, 20 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn (Mahagana-samgra-hasastra), 3 quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ba b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, Huy\u1ec1n Trang v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Phi\u1ebfn \u0110a .
\n-\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma T\u1eadp lu\u1eadn (Mahayanabhidharmasan-gitisastra) 7 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 lu\u1eadn, 2 quy\u1ec3n , \u0110\u1ea1t Ma C\u1ea5p \u0110a d\u1ecbch.
\n-Thu\u1eadn Trung lu\u1eadn, 2 quy\u1ec3n, C\u1eebu \u0110\u00e0m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

C- Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

-A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn (Abhidharma-kosasastra), 38 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng, 1 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-Duy Th\u1ee9c Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, 1 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn, 1 quy\u1ec3n, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch.
\n-Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn, 1 quy\u1ec3n, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch.
\n-Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn, 4 quy\u1ec3n, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch.
\n-Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Lu\u1eadn, 10 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn th\u00edch, 15 quy\u1ec3n, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch.
\n-Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn th\u00edch Lu\u1eadn, 10 quy\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea1t Ma C\u1ea5p \u0110a d\u1ecbch.
\n-Bi\u1ec7n Trung Bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn, 3 quy\u1ec3n, Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch.
\n-Trung Bi\u00ean Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Lu\u1eadn, 2 quy\u1ec3n, Ch\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch.
\n-Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba Kinh lu\u1eadn, 12 quy\u1ec3n, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch.
\n-Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa kinh \u01afu Ba \u0110\u1ec1 X\u00e1, 2 quy\u1ec3n, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0m L\u00e2m d\u1ecbch.
\n-V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd kinh \u01afu B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 X\u00e1, 1 quy\u1ec3n, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch.
\n-Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Lu\u1eadn, 1 quy\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea1t Ma B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch.
\n-Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kinh B\u1ea3n H\u1eefu Kim V\u00f4 K\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn, 1 quy\u1ec3n, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n lu\u1eadn, B\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1p Minh M\u00f4n Lu\u1eadn, Th\u1eafng T\u01b0 Duy Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean S\u1edf V\u1ea5n kinh lu\u1eadn, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ef1c Lu\u1eadn, Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 lu\u1eadn v.v. nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 qua m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n, ta ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ee3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u01b0u Chi, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, Huy\u1ec1n Trang, tuy c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft Duy Th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed5 quy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Theo quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, th\u00ec V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1t Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n trong nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng hay Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh th\u00ec ai c\u0169nh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y l\u01b0u t\u00e2m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd “B\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh”, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc mong thuy\u1ebft minh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba-lu\u1eadn. Hi\u1ec3n-d\u01b0\u01a1ng-th\u00e1nh-gi\u00e1o-lu\u1eadn, A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-lu\u1eadn, Nhi\u1ebfp-\u0111\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba-lu\u1eadn v.v. t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Theo ch\u1ed5 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea3n h\u1eefu Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, Th\u01b0\u1eddng-l\u1ea1c-ng\u00e3-t\u1ecbnh v.v. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n ra sao? Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadt gia, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngang v\u1edbi Long Th\u1ee5, tuy mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c ra m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e3y n\u00f3i ngay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 , A Di \u0110\u00e0 v.v. Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f2n ch\u00fa th\u00edch hu\u1ed1ng chi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mong kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy Th\u1ee9c-nh\u1ecb-th\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Tam-th\u1eadp-t\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00e2n-phi\u00ean-d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c (ph\u00e1i Huy\u1ec1n Trang) th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0-Ph\u1eadt-Gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Duy-Th\u1ee9c-H\u1ec7 (kinh Th\u00e2m-M\u1eadt-Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n h\u1ec7 hay V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc-Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n h\u1ec7). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5y kinh Nh\u1eadp-L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp-\u0110\u1ecba-Kinh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh-lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c. Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f9y duy\u00ean. Theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec n\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng-kinh-Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n h\u1ec7. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3-L\u01b0u-Chi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-\u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng dung h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, ngay trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c-Th\u1ec3-lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, song l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n tuy c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft Duy-Th\u1ee9c theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00ec trong Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng thuy\u1ebft Duy-Th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI: PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O THU\u1ed8C V\u00d4-TR\u01af\u1edaC TH\u1ebe-TH\u00c2N (DU-GI\u00c0-PH\u1eacT-GI\u00c1O).<\/h5>\n

1) Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n \u1edf ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp n\u00ean th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Duy T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed5 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u1ea5y lu\u1eadn l\u00fd Duy T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng Th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 quan (c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9c, c\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed u\u1ea9n, t\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c v.v.) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Tam-gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt -gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i-Th\u1eeba, \u0111em t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i-Th\u1eeba l\u1eabn Ti\u1ec3u-Th\u1eeba: Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tuy c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quan ni\u1ec7m A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 Nhi\u1ebfp-\u0110\u1ea1i-Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m A-l\u1ea1i-gia l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba, xem \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. Song, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y cho th\u1eadt t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau ra c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c quan \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

2) V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia tuy l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Duy th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Duy t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Song, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd “\u0111\u01a1n t\u1eed” (monade).<\/p>\n

3) D\u00f9 theo Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn hay Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i-th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn, v\u00ec th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, V\u00ec nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u1ea5y trong Duy-th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau cho n\u00ean Du-gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi l\u1eadp ra A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n “b\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh”. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, kinh L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 kinh M\u1eadt-Nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n

4) V\u00ec th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft “t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3” hay “th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3” c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i “ng\u00e3” c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n Du-gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3), nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng (b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n) , r\u1ed3i do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i sinh trong ba c\u00f5i do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng (bi\u1ebfn Tam gi\u1edbi), quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i “ng\u00e3” c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sinh ra ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5) Song, th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c? \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh nghi\u1ec7m tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0nh c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong Tam-th\u1eadp-t\u1ee5ng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n

6) Th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quan (n\u0103ng th\u1ee7, n\u0103ng duy\u00ean) v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan (s\u1edf th\u1ee7, s\u1edf duy\u00ean) \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u00e0 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n theo th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edm c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00ec trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai: ch\u1ee7 quan, danh t\u1eeb Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n; kh\u00e1ch quan, danh t\u1eeb Duy th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y: ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 c\u0103n th\u00e2n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch quan quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee7 quan, kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, cho n\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

7) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u0103n-th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong ba c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia, th\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ti\u1ec1m th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia, v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng-B\u1ed9 hay Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-B\u1ed9. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p kh\u00ed, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4-\u00fd-th\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m th\u1ec3, r\u1ed3i sau bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed. Danh ng\u00f4n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n-h\u1eefu; nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c. M\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb Duy-th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc th\u00ec “ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed sinh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh”. M\u00e0 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc (chuy\u1ec3n-th\u1ee9c) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed gieo trong t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c (A-l\u1ea1i-gia) li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00e1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed sinh hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh, hu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t lu\u1eadn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi v\u1eady s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed sinh-hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh hu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c do s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n-th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; do s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed m\u00e0 b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n-th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00e2n sinh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eady. Ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc tri\u1ec3n-chuy\u1ec3n (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed -> hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh -> ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. S\u1edf d\u0129 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia-th\u1ee9c (Alayavijinana-T\u1ea1ng-th\u1ee9c) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. Song ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh hi\u1ec7n-h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed n\u00e0y sinh ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean d\u00f9 b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia c\u0169ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

8) Nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed trong th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? B\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n-th\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ra c\u00f2n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ea1t-na-th\u1ee9c (Manas-l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng x\u00e9t n\u00e9t, suy ngh\u0129). Th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t-na n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Duy Th\u1ee9c, ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ea7y. Song, M\u1ea1t-na-th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7, cho n\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u1eadn th\u00ec tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn hay Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c. Sau th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t-na l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c: nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd m\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 tuy l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111em t\u00e2m l\u00fd quan ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn tuy l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n th\u00ec nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Duy Th\u1ee9c Bi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn, r\u1ed3i sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Duy Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

9) V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n l\u1ea5y A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n; tuy \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong Hoa Nghi\u00eam th\u1ee9c; b\u1edfi v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n, V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cTam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Song tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n theo Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u00a0c\u00f3 Tam-T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chia nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: Bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n (ch\u1ee7 quan) v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n (kh\u00e1ch quan) ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ef1c Ng\u00e3, Th\u1ef1c Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trung gian. Y tha kh\u1edfi t\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh, v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh do v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n trong B\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, tr\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh Y-tha-kh\u1edfi. Vi\u00ean-th\u00e0nh-th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m tr\u00fat b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u00ednh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7u tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111em nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chia th\u00e0nh ba \u0111o\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec t\u00ednh Bi\u1ebfn-k\u1ebf-s\u1edf-ch\u1ea5p v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd cho n\u00ean l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG (c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh); t\u00ednh Y-tha-kh\u1edfi, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 sinh, cho n\u00ean chung quy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG (c\u00f3 sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh); t\u00ednh Vi\u00ean-th\u00e0nh-th\u1ef1c, tuy l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (c\u00f3 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chung c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Tam-t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Tam-v\u00f4-t\u00ednh, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft Tam T\u00ednh Tam V\u00f4 T\u00ednh. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, Duy Th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u1ee7a Trung-Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 KH\u00d4NG chia th\u00e0nh ba \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong Trung Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh x\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

10) Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, tuy c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, song ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c (v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c) c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, v\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, cho n\u00ean t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, v\u1eady c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft minh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o khi ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i x\u00edch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cu\u1ed1i cung, Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed v\u00f4-l\u1eadu, nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng phu t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng luy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch quan cho n\u00ean A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n chia ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh trong T\u1ee9 T\u00ednh C\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn hay Ng\u0169 T\u00ednh. C\u00e1c Bi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u00ean thi\u00ean (\u00e0 priori, inn\u00e9), c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u00ednh Thanh V\u0103n, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 t\u00ednh (Nh\u1ea5t xi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1) ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt; c\u00f2n Thanh V\u0103n, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Tam Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u do thi\u00ean ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i Th\u1eeba quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, t\u1eeb kinh Gi\u1ea3i-th\u00e2m-m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa,kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kinh Th\u1eafng Man v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tuy c\u00f3 n\u0103m t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u00ednh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. Song, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia h\u1eefu l\u1eadu? Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i (b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c) r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh tuy h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u c\u00e1i l\u00fd \u201cv\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e2n (ng\u00e3), ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Duy Th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng coi c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00f4n ngh\u0129a Duy Th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam-t\u00ednh, n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n, ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o trong: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u0169 tr\u00f9ng duy th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea5y Th\u1eadp-\u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c, l\u1ea5y n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb hai c\u00e1i ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t cho h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, t\u1eadp kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u00ednh h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cchuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n

11) Sau h\u1ebft xin n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, khi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng: chuy\u1ec3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Ch\u00e2n-Nh\u01b0), chuy\u1ec3n\u00a0s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u00e2n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng hay tha th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. Ba th\u00e2n l\u00e0: t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh th\u00e2n, th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Th\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng: th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1o-Th\u00e2n, c\u00e1i s\u1eafc th\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9; bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n hay l\u00e0 \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Thuy\u1ebft Tam Th\u00e2n sau th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. B\u1ed1n tr\u00ed l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean k\u00ednh tr\u00ed, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh tr\u00ed, Di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t do th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai do th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb bi, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 ba do th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 do n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ba nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 do\u00a0l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0: T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba tuy \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu; th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea1i bi kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 \u1edf Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0NH\u01af LAI T\u1ea0NG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O C\u1ee6A TH\u1ebe TH\u00c2N.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp qua \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt, Du Gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp l\u00e0 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Song, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u1edbi Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c quan ra, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh, Nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng, B\u1ea3n-t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong Th\u1eadp-\u0111\u1ea1i-kinh lu\u1eadn (B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1-L\u01b0u-Chi d\u1ecbch), v\u00e0 trong Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn (Ch\u00e2n-\u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch). Trong Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i kinh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh t\u1eeb A-l\u1ea1i-gia, \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c (danh t\u1eeb c\u0169 l\u00e0 A-l\u00ea-gia-th\u1ee9c), th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c (lu\u1eadn th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m). N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p trong Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn do Ch\u00e2n-\u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch (quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 3) m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n d\u00f9ng. Song, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba kinh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 ba trong lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng danh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c A-l\u00ea-gia l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n; r\u1ed3i trong quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia v\u00e0 A-\u0111\u00e0-na c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c A-l\u00ea-gia qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng Tam mu\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec qu\u00e1n H\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng Tam Mu\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba Kinh lu\u1eadn Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 8 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m\u201d. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ebf sai kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u201d, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba kinh lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan h\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u00ea-gia, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n, V\u1ecdng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c A-l\u00ea-gia c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong ph\u1ea1m vi Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba Kinh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba Kinh lu\u1eadn ra, Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednhlu\u1eadn c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n, Nh\u01b0-l\u1ea1i-t\u1ea1ng, V\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-y, B\u1ea5t-t\u0103ng-b\u1ea5t-gi\u1ea3m, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 v.v\u2026m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt\u201d. Theo lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1i l\u00fd ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng (quy\u1ec3n 1). \u0110\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n quan hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n quan c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ec7 tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh \u1edf trong t\u00e2m ta l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t sinh t\u1eed, c\u1ea7u mong Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t l\u00fd ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng) l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh (gia h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n), r\u1ed3i tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111\u1ee9c Tr\u00ed, \u0110o\u1ea1n, \u00c2n (vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u00e2n): \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Tam Nh\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh m\u00e0 t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 n\u1ea9y n\u1edf, ch\u00ed tu h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ed tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Theo Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1ee7ng-t\u00ednh m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh (Nh\u1ea5t xi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1). C\u00f3 kinh n\u00f3i Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i Nh\u1ea5t-xi\u1ec3n-\u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c \u00fd \u1ea5y (quy\u1ec3n 2).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00edn th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng, lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh, lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Tam-t\u00ednh, Tam-v\u00f4-t\u00ednh v.v\u2026Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung trong m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f2n b\u00e0n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh. Song \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi hay Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi. Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-L\u00ea-Gia. Trong quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 ba n\u00f3i: \u201cA-l\u00ea-gia l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 ng\u1ecdn l\u00e0: Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 hai, nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o\u201d. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ho\u1eb7c, Nghi\u1ec7p, Kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ee9c A-l\u00ea-gia. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u00ea-gia, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5y. Song, \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-gia kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee7, song d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi, so v\u1edbi A-l\u1ea1i-gia duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 th\u00e2m th\u00fay h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ki\u00ean Tu\u1ec7 (cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5) khai tri\u1ec3n trong C\u1ee9u K\u00ednh Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba Th\u1ef1c T\u00ednh lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi V\u00f4 Sai Bi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u00e3 Minh (?) v.v\u2026Khi \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4n v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4n, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U<\/p>\n

PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O SAU TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I V\u00d4 TR\u01af\u1edaC V\u00c0 TH\u1ebe TH\u00c2N\u00a0\u00a0(th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI-VIII).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o sau th\u1eddi Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn. Song, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Long Th\u1ee5, do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 (Aryadeva), La H\u1ea7u La (Rahulabha-dra), Thanh M\u1ee5c (Pingalga), v.v\u2026\u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o lu\u1eadn Trung Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean khai tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Kh\u00f4ng Qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Kh\u00f4ng Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Duy Th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Long Th\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1i (Kh\u00f4ng Qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1i) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Long Th\u1ee5, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Du Gi\u00e0 Ph\u00e1i (Duy Th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1i), th\u1eeba k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, do c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u c\u00f9ng nhau lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Trung Qu\u00e1n, ph\u00e1i Du-Gi\u00e0 hay ph\u00e1i Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0, Ti\u1ec3u Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nhau ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ea3y n\u1edf. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadn l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o trong kho\u1ea3ng hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Na Lan \u0110a. m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u00a0t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u bang\u00a0Bihar\u00a0(\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf-Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

Song, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tinh vi n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 chi ly m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i phong th\u00e1i ung dung, ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Ph\u00e1p-Hoa hay \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n x\u01b0a kia.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u cho m\u1ed1i quan t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u00ed M\u1eadt B\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00e2n n\u1ea1p c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u00e2n-B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebd h\u00f9ng v\u0129, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5y. Song th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2n-B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00e2n-Ng\u00f4n-M\u1eadt-Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 bao la n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

THI\u00caN TH\u1ee8 HAI: \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O, GI\u00c1O L\u00dd LU\u1eacN<\/h3>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O V\u1edaI B\u1ea2N GI\u00c1O<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0S\u1ef0 QUAN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eeeA L\u00dd LU\u1eacN V\u00c0 TH\u1ef0C TI\u1ec4N TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, khi n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tha thi\u1ebft b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 sau, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9, ta th\u1ea5y l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ef1c tu v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c tu v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00f4 t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd. N\u1ebfu x\u00e9t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo nh\u01b0 Khang \u0110\u1ee9c chia th\u00e0nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00fd t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00fd t\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta, th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00fd t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u, n\u00ean b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc hay tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, t\u00ecnh \u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u00fd v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c canh t\u00e2n sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O C\u00d3 PH\u1ea2I L\u00c0 T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O KH\u00d4NG?<\/h5>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Song c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o? \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng \u201cT\u1ea1o V\u1eadt Ch\u1ee7\u201d, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o, tuy c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh \u201cC\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9 Quan\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u201cT\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00f4n\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi\u00a0l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cli\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec Arthur Drews v\u00e0 Heinrich Scholz \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c M\u1ee5c s\u01b0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng may. Koryu Otani c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cquan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Song c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. L\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u201d, \u00d4ng pauldahlpe n\u00f3i: v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngay trong th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tuy \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd tr\u00ed, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ea7n b\u00ed n\u00e0o. D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA: PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u1edaI S\u1ef0 TH\u1ef0C T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, B\u00e1c s\u0129 Kenchi Kato th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: \u201cNguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng?\u201d v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cquan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Theo \u00f4ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, Th\u1ee7y T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n (\u0110evatideva). B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed quy y Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c quy y Th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cquan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d.Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta h\u00e3y g\u00f3p th\u00eam \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi B\u00e1c s\u0129 Kenchi Kato. Theo t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c s\u0129 Kenchi Kato c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ba-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tin t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt coi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n si\u00eau t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o van xin ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u201cquan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d th\u00ec e kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u00e0o \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cquan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c (T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00f4n) c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Song, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e3y xin t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c ra m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ta nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn tr\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 xao l\u00e3ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A NH\u1eeeNG \u0110\u00d2I H\u1eceI T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Do \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng Th\u1ea7n linh m\u00e0 t\u00ecm n\u00f3 \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n. Song, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo, c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 sinh ra t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, khi n\u00e0o hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 do chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 l\u00fd-t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1nh ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 do l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quang vinh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n mong tri\u1ec3n khai cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u1ea3y sinh ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p nhau, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i v\u1ecdng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c do c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a: \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n, hay t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nhi\u1ec1u Th\u1ea7n, do nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, minh t\u01b0\u1edfng v.v\u2026) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u sinh s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo s\u1ef1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 uy l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ngh\u0129a. M\u00e0 t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u01b0a hay nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hay \u201cquan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Song \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o,ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00f2n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m trong s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111em nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u00e3n t\u00fac to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n C\u00e1ch Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0S\u1ef0 MONG MU\u1ed0N M\u1ed8T CU\u1ed8C S\u1ed0NG V\u00d4 H\u1ea0N V\u1edaI Y\u00caU C\u1ea6U GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T.<\/h5>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m. D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ngay trong t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0: \u201cH\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean; h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 sau l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng. Song theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Song khi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n th\u00ec t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec: L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n (cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i) nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a: \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi, tuy th\u1ea7n b\u00ed nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec \u0111em s\u1ee9c \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d (Rein Aktivitat) v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd th\u00e2m \u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hoang mang, cho n\u00ean t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u0111em Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, T\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9 v.v\u2026t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U:\u00a0S\u1ef0 TH\u1eceA M\u00c3N Y\u00caU C\u1ea6U T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O V\u1edaI NH\u1ea4T T\u00c2M.<\/h5>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sung th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Kh\u00f4ng, Ph\u00e1p; c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u1ea5y ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tho\u00e1t ly, n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 do (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba), \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n hay k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Song, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, trong Th\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 quan, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y n\u00ean m\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean, n\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 HAI: GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T LU\u1eacN<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: G\u1ee2I \u00dd.<\/h5>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00ec sinh ho\u1ea1t quan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nan gi\u1ea3i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd th\u1eddi th\u00e1i s\u01a1 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n sinh ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Song, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb su\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean T\u00e2y-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i hto\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy-L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Pythagoras v\u00e0 Plato. C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia \u0110\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u00eau B\u00e1 N\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 (tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Upanishads) tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ra ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t-lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t-quan c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, mong t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t-quan \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft, cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng xin thanh minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t-quan. Sau khi \u1edf Ti\u1ebft-th\u1ee9-ba, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t-quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI: \u00dd NGH\u0128A V\u00c0 C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I GI\u1ea2I-THO\u00c1T-QUAN \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8.<\/h5>\n

1- Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cu\u1ed1n \u201cPh\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean-l\u00fd-lu\u1eadn\u201d b\u00e1c s\u0129 Muraye \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang, song, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u1eefa. V\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nirvana) hay Gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t (Moksa) th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi n\u00e0o? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m manh nha t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 T\u1ef1-Ng\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu theo v\u0103n-hi\u1ebfn, theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00ea-C\u00e2u-V\u1ec1-\u0110\u00e0 (Rg-Veda), \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1500-1000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng-nguy\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Ng\u0169-H\u00e0, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u00f2n thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e1c v\u00e0 thanh th\u1ea3n, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Aryan \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng-Nam th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng-H\u00e0, khai th\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sinh ho\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u1ea3y n\u1edf. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t trong Ph\u1ea1m-Th\u01b0 (Br\u00e0hmanas), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1000-800 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng-nguy\u00ean, v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 manh nha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111i t\u00ecm b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 cho b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i linh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4-Da-B\u00e1i-L\u1ed7 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t song song v\u1edbi nhau\u201d. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed1c-Y-T\u1eafc-\u00c2m n\u00f3i: \u201cDo s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ef1-Ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, cho n\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. V\u00e0 do c\u00e1i \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00eca gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Song, t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00e1i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Upanishads. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Upanishads (800-500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Upaishads n\u00f3i: \u201cc\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-Ng\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec m\u00ea m\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t kia \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i l\u0103n l\u1ed9n tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 sinh t\u1eed, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u1ef1 do\u201d. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sinh t\u1eed tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Upanishads tuy r\u1ea5t m\u00f4ng m\u00eanh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i quy k\u1ebft t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00ec nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t sinh th\u00fa b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Upanishads d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i A-\u0110\u1ed1c-Ma \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i cao. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean kia, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

2) -C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan:<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean,c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Upanishads tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u0169ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, do ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng cho n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai bi\u1ec7t. Song, mu\u1ed1n cho ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hay khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do nh\u1edd n\u01a1i Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n. Th\u1ee9 hai: gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do n\u01a1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 ba: gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1edd n\u01a1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi D\u1ea1 Ma m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi ph\u00fac b\u00e1o: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00ea C\u00e2u V\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0 (Rg-Veda). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Upanishads, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n th\u00ec Upanishads n\u00f3i n\u00f3 \u0111i trong T\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tuy coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, song t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i, thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o n\u1ea9y n\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i T\u1ef3 N\u1eefu Nao v\u00e0 Th\u00e1p B\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng tin \u0111\u00f3. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e3ng sinh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n ban cho \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan do tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i linh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u1ed1n thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean linh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, do \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ra kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t che l\u1ea5p t\u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong Upanishads, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Du Gi\u00e0. V\u1ea1n h\u1eefu s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u00ednh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, v\u1eady \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a K\u1ef3 Na Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu. Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7 x\u01b0\u1edbng thuy\u1ebft T\u00e2m T\u00ednh B\u1ea3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft T\u1ea5t H\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Linh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn. V\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 phi ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Plato cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 giam h\u1ea3m tinh th\u00e0n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3: quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan do ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c Nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i cho sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u00ea v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00ea v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh quan. Do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddn, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t cho tuy\u1ec7t c\u00e1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n sinh t\u1ed3n m\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t y\u00ean vui, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nirvana). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, danh t\u1eeb Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, theo c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, tuy c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201cd\u1eadp t\u1eaft\u201d, \u201cti\u00eau di\u1ec7t\u201d th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, \u00edt ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t h\u01b0 v\u00f4. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, khi Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1i c\u00f5i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho n\u00ean tuy c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd v\u1eabn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi quan minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. M\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00ean T\u00e2y-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a Schopenhauer c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Trong ba b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0110a nguy\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0 v\u00f4, c\u00f2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan Nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. V\u1eady t\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ea1n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng, thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i Upanishads, Vedanta v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i hto\u00e1t quan n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn, hay l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o, l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u do tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 khai tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u00e1i Vedanta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m hay \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n v.v\u2026t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t theo quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong Upanishads n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m\u201d. Thi\u00ean-Thai-T\u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, nh\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Trung-\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4ng l\u1eadp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan S\u1ef1-S\u1ef1-V\u00f4-Ng\u1ea1i, Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng n\u00f3i Sinh-T\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Ch\u00e2n Ng\u00f4n T\u00f4ng n\u00f3i T\u1ee9c Th\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v.v\u2026\u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa quan ni\u1ec7m y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c thi\u00ean,, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m dung th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa th\u1eed ng\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf n\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m chia gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra, trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3) \u2013\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y, \u01b0u, li\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 c\u1ea3. Song theo ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao cho tinh th\u1ea7n thanh th\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5, vui, th\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ecbnh: t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. N\u00f3i theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eady. V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00eam do c\u00e1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 ra sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn xem lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00ec l\u1ebd b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, h\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 Nh\u1ea5t-nguy\u00ean-lu\u1eadn, Nh\u1ecb-nguy\u00ean-lu\u1eadn, H\u1eefu-th\u1ea7n-thuy\u1ebft, V\u00f4-th\u1ea7n-thuy\u1ebft, khk\u00f4ng dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. Song n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-nguy\u00ean, Nh\u1ecb-nguy\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c H\u1eefu-th\u1ea7n, V\u00f4-th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng khi \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o,c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n-tri\u1ebft-c\u1ed5, kim, \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00e2y, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1edf v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA: \u0110\u1eb6C CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T QUAN PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, theo t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. M\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai. Cho n\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn qua v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c (D\u1ee5c-Gi\u1edbi). Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i \u201cNg\u00e3\u201d c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 s\u1edf c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed. Theo c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1i ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.M\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1eadp t\u1eaft\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. C\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a \u00c1o-Ngh\u0129a-Th\u01b0 cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, x\u00e2y d\u1eebng tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng tin: Ti\u1ec3u Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, Ti\u1ec3u Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf Ti\u1ec3u Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201ctu\u1eabn-th\u1ebf\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa l\u00e1nh h\u1eb3n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00e2m s\u01a1n c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1c, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1-Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tinh di\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n-Ng\u00e3 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thanh th\u1ea3n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ti\u00ean xa l\u00e0 h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u0169ng v\u1eady, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xa l\u00e1nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00fai r\u1eebng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau l\u00e0 M\u00e2u-Ni, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u01b0a s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00e2u-Ni s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u n\u00fai th\u1eb3m.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u00e0u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u1ea5y; nh\u1eebng sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 sinh, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nay \u0111\u00e2y mai \u0111\u00f3, r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y si\u00eau nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa n\u00e3m nhu c\u1ea7u tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201cNi\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u201d, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, theo Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m ngay \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ngay trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 trong m\u1ecdi gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0o ta c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tham lam, c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n thanh th\u1ea3n, l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 do, th\u00ec ngay gi\u1edd ph\u00fat \u1ea5y ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ec3u-Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i-Ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n theo, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u00e1m t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00eca cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam T\u00f4ng hay Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng hay \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u1ea5t. M\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 thanh th\u1ea3n, l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang sinh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng, m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u201d, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean sai v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea, th\u00e1i nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ).<\/p>\n

Coi \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch\u201d, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, do nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ng\u00e0i, ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y h\u01b0 v\u00f4 l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1eadp n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, v.v\u2026 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0o. Tho\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m. Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Phi\u1ebfm-th\u1ea7n-quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft minh trong l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 l\u00e0: v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tuy c\u0169ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng, song ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n-c\u00e1ch-th\u1ea7n, nh\u1eadn Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-ng\u00e3, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean thuy\u1ebft \u201ct\u1ee9c th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt\u201d, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ec3n khai. M\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3n t\u00fac, r\u1ed3i v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111em h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh ra l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u00e1i nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111am m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thanh th\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 do tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 BA: \u0110\u1eb6C CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u1ea0I BA QU\u1ed0C GIA<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0NGUY\u00caN TH\u1ee6Y PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00ec tuy g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o song trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u1ee9 hai, B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u qua v\u1ec1 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, ta h\u00e3y chia th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1) Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n, l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t (t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

2) Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

3) C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

4) B\u1edfi th\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ly m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb tham d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay kh\u00e1ch quan, coi l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian. N\u1ebfu l\u00fd h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ta kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Kh\u1ed5, vui, m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

5) N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh vi, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng, g\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec3m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u1eb7t lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, ta th\u1ea5y b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 bao qu\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh; \u00edt thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb, \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf th\u1eeba Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 B\u1ed9-Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9-Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n suy gi\u1ea3m, ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi li v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u hay th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y k\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1eady. V\u00e0 theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n, n\u0103m tr\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 chia th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1) Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7; B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3i v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

2) Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1eabu tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u1ea5y duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi quan \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u1ee9c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y” l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3) Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o thay v\u00ec ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, l\u1ea1i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

4) Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd; \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 sao l\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i gia, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

1. 5) \u1ede Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec qu\u00e1 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean coi Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.
\n2.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, n\u00ean x\u00e9t theo tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che d\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0\u0110\u1eb6C CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-t\u1ecda-b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam-La, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, T\u00edch Lan v.v\u2026 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u00e1c B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c t\u1eadp du k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang, Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. Song nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i gia, B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, n\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba g\u1ecdi B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-\u0110\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0: B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Duy Ma, Th\u1eafng Man. Hoa nghi\u00eam, \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i v\u00e0o ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 hay th\u1ee9 n\u0103m sau T\u00e2y-l\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tuy \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng truy \u0111\u1ebfn uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n ngay \u1edf \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y khi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1) Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do minh ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt. Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb h\u1eadu b\u1ed5 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, tu theo h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadt B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 (s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Song B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Thanh V\u0103n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy \u1edf t\u1ea1i gia s\u00f4ng theo th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng tham d\u1ee5c \u00edch k\u1ef7, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1eddi, d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7n, t\u00edch c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ea3. M\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf t\u1ea1i gia ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. C\u1ee9 theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Nghi\u00eam M\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tuy c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t song trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y V\u0103n Th\u00f9, Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n, Quan \u00c2m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o; v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba hay B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t-th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Thanh-V\u0103n-th\u1eeba hay La-H\u00e1n-Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i do \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. N\u1ebfu theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

2) B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i gia l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, cho n\u00ean kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n d\u1eadt, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u1edf ngay trong th\u1ebf gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u d\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t chung, c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh-\u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eady. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00ec l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00ean nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf c\u00e1i hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a th\u1ebf g\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ed5 n\u00e0y (v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, xin xem thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9).<\/p>\n

3) \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c cho n\u00ean c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u-Th\u1eeba cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean theo gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef “d\u1ee5c” th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u1eef d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u1ea3i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n d\u1ee5c, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m mong c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u1eef d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0m c\u01a1 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh cao s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng; tuy nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00ean B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t m\u1edbi l\u0103n l\u1ed9n trong v\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, l\u1ea5y lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec trong d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

4) Nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec cho t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i coi d\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y so v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m thu\u00fd h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n B\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Trong c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai (Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng hay Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 theo l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan “Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu”. X\u00e9t ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng quy k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0103n b\u1ea3n mu\u1ed1n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm t\u00f2i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 khan. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1eefa tinh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m n\u00e0y ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, khi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ra c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f9y c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt do khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba do phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00edch. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c; \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00eau kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf k\u1ebf th\u1eeba tinh th\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0\u0110\u1eb6C CH\u1ea4T C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TRUNG QU\u1ed0C V\u00c0 NH\u1eacT B\u1ea2N.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean tuy m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, song l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i du nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n . Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ba \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

a) Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f2n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba do gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ph\u00e1i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00e1i, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Trung Qu\u00e1n (Tam Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4n) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Du D\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng khi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: “\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba phi Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft” \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tan m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ba ph\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Tu\u1ef3, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m T\u00f4n( sau l\u00e0 C\u00e2u X\u00e1 T\u00f4n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

b) \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ea7n n\u00eau ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1n t\u00edch”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba hay \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 d\u00f9 ngay trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 coi nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ra c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Thai T\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “Ng\u0169 Th\u1eddi B\u00e1t gi\u00e1o” v\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4n th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “Ng\u0169 Gi\u00e1o Th\u1eadp T\u00f4n” v.v\u2026 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1n th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba , m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i t\u00f9y \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch kinh lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fa th\u00edch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tuy kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, c\u0169ng kh\u01a1i th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean v\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean v\u0103n, cho n\u00ean thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “\u00dd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i v\u0103n” \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ra, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Thai ch\u00fa th\u00edch kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh v\u0103n kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i, theo chi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n th\u00edch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

c) Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tuy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111em Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng nghi\u00eam tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, ham m\u00ea Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng l\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng l\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c tuy l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc g\u00ec?. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i c\u0169ng r\u00f5. Duy c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u01a1 n\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, coi nh\u1eb9 ph\u1ea7n \u1ea9n d\u1eadt m\u00e0 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, coi nh\u1eb9 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ta h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y ngay tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u1eed Th\u00e1nh-\u0110\u1ee9c s\u1ebd r\u00f5: Th\u00e1i-t\u1eed Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u00fa th\u00edch kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i” n\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00fai r\u1eebng u t\u1ecbch m\u00e0 tu luy\u1ec7n” th\u00ec \u00f4ng chua th\u00eam l\u00e0:” kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy c\u01a1 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh”. V\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau tinh th\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. T\u1ef1u trung, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i N\u1ea1i-L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh An, do k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh ho\u1ea1t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Li\u00eam-Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 sinh ho\u1ea1t qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea5y sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 thu h\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh ho\u1ea1t qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ngo\u00e0i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 \u1ea9n tu\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u00e2m s\u01a1n u t\u1ecbch ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n gian. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c cho n\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Li\u00eam-Th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n-T\u00f4ng, Nh\u1eadt-Li\u00ean-T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh-\u0110\u1ed9-T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Li\u00eam-Th\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd cao th\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u1ea9n tu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n sinh ra Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n” vang b\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi\u201d, t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c tuy c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o n\u1eefa: duy t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 suy \u0111\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong sinh ho\u1ea1t qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 T\u01af: TINH TH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/h5>\n

Mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta h\u00e3y n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngay \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hay l\u1ea5y Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7?. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, th\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba hay \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd. Tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba , \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau; m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh sau th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i chia ra \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o?. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba coi nh\u1eb9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy c\u1ee9u cho c\u00f9ng, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o. Song \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, cho n\u00ean sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o r\u00fat l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1i, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2m ph\u00e1i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t trung th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh sau th\u1eddi gian Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i sao l\u00e3ng ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u0169ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u1eddi th\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u00eau ch\u1ed7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, \u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khai s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t dung th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0: l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 A-T\u1ef3-\u0110\u1ea1t-Ma, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.
\nTrong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 sao l\u00e3ng c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u1ee9 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c hay, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A TINH TH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, hay nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft tin theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tu\u1ef3 c\u01a1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4n qu\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i c\u0169ng r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, tuy \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian hay n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. M\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u1ea9n sau l\u1edbp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quy lu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, cho n\u00ean h\u1ec5 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ngay trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u00e2t B\u1ea3n tuy l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0: ngo\u00e0i m\u1edb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n ra, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi n\u00e0o?. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y-L\u1ecbch. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ngay trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 to\u00e0n th\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea5m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c nhau? ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xem c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tuy v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0\u0110\u1ee8NG TR\u00caN L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG H\u00ccNH TH\u1ee8C QUAN S\u00c1T \u00a0TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

1) Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Sau n\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 chia ra l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 do, cho n\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

2) \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba chuy\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y t\u0103ng l\u1eef l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba coi c\u1ea3 t\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang: T\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u, T\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u ni, \u01afu b\u00e0 t\u1eafc,\u01afu b\u00e0 di, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 xa la h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u0103ng l\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 do cho t\u00edn ch\u00fang, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y th\u1eed duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 kinh Duy Ma, kinh Th\u1eafng Man m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Duy Ma c\u01b0 s\u0129, Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n phu nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef t\u1ea1i gia. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadt Thanh V\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf ra khinh th\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u1eadu b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a quan li\u00eau. Tuy c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef. C\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec coi t\u1ea1i gia, xu\u1ea5t gia, thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, tu h\u00e0nh mong th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3: theo t\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh do \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i x\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

3) Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khu bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u xa, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1, lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa, d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, m\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. C\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, ho\u1eb7c tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u v\u00e3ng sinh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Duy \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u00e2m, thi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00e2m, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba thi\u1ec3n. V\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba chuy\u00ean l\u01b0u t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T \u0110\u1ed2NG V\u1ec0 N\u1ed8I DUNG.<\/h5>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

1) \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khu bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t. Theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thanh V\u0103n m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f4ng phu tu luy\u1ec7n qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh, b\u1edfi v\u1eady trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u1ede qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay v\u1ecb lai tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt- t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m sao cho Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh \u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. B\u1edfi th\u00e9 khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng do b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt A S\u01a1 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3) Do quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. Danh t\u1eeb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. M\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ch\u00fang sinh nh\u01b0 trong kinh b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tr\u0103m ki\u1ebfp ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh t\u1eed, hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u00e2n. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 sau m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni tu h\u00e0nh trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. Song, theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh tu c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean can g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 Quan \u00c2m, Th\u1ebf Ch\u00ed, V\u0103n Th\u00f9, Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n v.v. th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Song nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tuy l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Do l\u00f2ng tin \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba. Song c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa l\u00e0: B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e8 quan h\u1ec7, b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n \u00e1o \u0111en ra c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o anh l\u1ea1c, d\u00e1ng m\u1ea1o l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e2n s\u0129, th\u1ee5c n\u1eef v\u1eady. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng chung c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eb5ng l\u1eb7ng, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o nghi h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 V\u00f4-Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m, V\u0103n Th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, song n\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng th\u00f4i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 tha lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ebf gian, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba phi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quan li\u00eau. Theo t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0CH\u00c2N KH\u00d4NG DI\u1ec6U H\u1eeeU V\u1edaI L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG \u00a0C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft-h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 t\u00f4n-gi\u00e1o th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Song, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n sinh quan. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u1edf s\u1edf tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m thu\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, cho n\u00ean khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u ngay l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: b\u1edfi th\u1ebf quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, th\u00ec theo t\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u quy n\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef “Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu”. Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Hai quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00eca nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft-h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 danh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u00f3, ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Th\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i-lu\u1eadn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng:Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu t\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba .<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp qua \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1ed9 kinh Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y tuy g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u tr\u0103m quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng”,”kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng”,”\u0110\u1ea1i-kh\u00f4ng”, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng”, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m. C\u1ee9 theo kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh “kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng” \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do. Do c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n \u1ee9c n\u00fai Tu-Di, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c “kh\u00f4ng” \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, c\u00e1i “ngoan kh\u00f4ng”, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu”. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c quan (intuition) ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh (tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi) nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i,n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c (tinh t\u1ea5n) t\u1ec9nh-qu\u00e1n (thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y L\u1ee5c-Ba-La M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u01b0 v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng?.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Sau c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n- Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu ta b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh Duy Ma th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy Ma th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra c\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy-Ma. Tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u1eabn c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gian. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb di\u1ec7u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn; sau n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Quan-\u00c2m l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5, cho vui l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u00e0ng Long N\u1eef ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u1eady. S\u1edf d\u0129 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u1edf ph\u00eda sau d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u h\u01b0u hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, coi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u00e2u xa. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam. B\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i-Nh\u1eadt-Nh\u01b0 Lai. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kinh Di \u0110\u00e0 (hay kinh V\u00f4-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Th\u1ecd), ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt sinh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c. M\u1edbi xem qua, ta t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t xa c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3. Song n\u1ebfu ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a “kh\u00f4ng” th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta l\u1ea1i \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00e0o r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb qu\u00e1 \u01b0 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U:\u00a0TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N TINH TH\u1ea6N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean tuy \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba chia ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. Ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m thu\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. Xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft tuy c\u00f9ng trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m hai m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Hai vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong kinh B\u1ea3n S\u1ef1. Song ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa kinh k\u1ec7 m\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. Xem th\u1ebf d\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u1eadt c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7p, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7ntinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u (nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p giai vi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Tuy \u0111\u00f4i khi tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta c\u1ee9 xem nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9, V\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. M\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, l\u1ee3i tha, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf tinh th\u1ea7n trung tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
\nV\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n gian Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t huy ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00fd Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u00e1 lv\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t ho\u00e1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n trang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eeb Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc sinh ho\u1ea1t cao c\u1ea3, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a quy t\u1eafc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t quy ph\u1ea1m sinh ho\u1ea1t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ta c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eady. Trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hoan h\u1ef7 trong vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M: CH\u00c2N NH\u01af QUAN C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O\u00a0(\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m)<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: L\u1edcI T\u1ef0A<\/h5>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (Tatha) tuy bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, th\u00ec ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u00fd c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, khi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “Tat” (c\u00e1i \u1ea5y). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i “c\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u1ea5y”. Theo tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb “c\u00e1i \u1ea5y” khi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ) v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfu theo nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean sinh m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u0111em c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i \u1ea5y”,\u201dc\u00e1i \u1ea5y” th\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00fd suy c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, chung c\u00f9ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 “nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”. Theo \u00fd n\u00e0y, gi\u1eefa tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Song th\u1eadt ra, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00f4i. Tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u0169ng chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo v\u0103n t\u1ef1 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”.<\/p>\n

Song \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00ec d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Th\u1ef1c -th\u1ec3-lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 (Ph\u1ea1m-thi\u00ean) c\u1ee7a Upanishads. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3 trong Vedanta, r\u1ed3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh danh t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft minh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa. Song \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u0103m, s\u00e1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111em nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00f3, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1eafm. Nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edbi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o .<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a th\u00ec Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00e3-Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5 (kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch). Nh\u01b0ng theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 e kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t ra l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5 th\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung-Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Long-Th\u1ee5 ra sao? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3m Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp qua \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan: T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u00ec kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n .<\/p>\n

Song t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Long-Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, ch\u1ee9 \u00edt ai l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00fac tri\u1ebft. Ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i-Tr\u00ed-\u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Long-Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u1eady nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed-\u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn-s\u01b0 hay m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ea1ng r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a kinh, lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Long-Th\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f4i khi ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5, l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Long-Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t qua c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Long-Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Long-Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm xem gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 trong Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i xin th\u00fa th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n (sanskrit) th\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eebng t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0S\u1ef0 TRI\u1ec2N KHAI C\u1ee6A T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG CH\u00c2N NH\u01af \u0110\u1ebeN TH\u1edcI K\u1ef2 B\u00c1T NH\u00c3.<\/h5>\n

1) Ch\u00e2n- nh\u01b0 quan \u1edf th\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o .<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y, khi c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i phai, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. M\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00e2m \u00e1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, theo Ph\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e1c th\u1eadt, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o-v\u1eadt-ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, b\u00e0i x\u00edch linh h\u1ed3n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3; v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh A-H\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c” hay “nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n”, theo nguy\u00ean v\u0103n l\u00e0 Yathtatha hay Yathabhutam. T\u1ef1u trung, ch\u1eef Yathabhutam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a kinh A-H\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng” Nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n” ho\u1eb7c “Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0”. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd hay ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Song Yathatatha hay Yathabhutam l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m Tathata (Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0). T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh (dhammta, dharmata) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c cho l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh hay Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 (v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, xin xem Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n l\u00e0: c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i dung ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, thuy\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian, c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu trong thuy\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (Kh\u1ed5) m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng (T\u1eadp), di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u01b0\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng an l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ta (Di\u1ec7t), v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0110\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n tri ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Tuy Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p-t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y tuy n\u00f3i l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh quan t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 Kh\u01b0u! T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (tathani), l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng (avitathani), t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb (anannathani)”. Xem c\u00e2u n\u00e0y ta \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u00fd ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u00ean. L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n sinh quan l\u1ea5y m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn coi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n sinh; c\u00f3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh quan l\u1ea5y m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 chung k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o, thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, tuy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n \u00edt ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to t\u00e1t l\u00e0: v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u00e0 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9, c\u00f2n trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ecdi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0-quan.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0: Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o coi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p-t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00ean chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi. Theo th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n khai ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Song Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v.v. m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi th\u00ec n\u00f3i thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t-Ch\u00ednh-\u0110\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e1m ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a trong l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ni-Li\u00ean-Thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 coi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t ban t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-chi-t\u00ednh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Song, n\u00f3i th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec trong c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, m\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u00e1t-ch\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, m\u00e0 Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, Th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 suy r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00f3i theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, theo \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 M\u1ed8T m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu truy nguy\u00ean cho ra c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng (t\u1ee9c \u00fd ch\u00ed) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, tuy c\u00f3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng chung c\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra nhi\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf th\u00ec ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong kinh v\u0103n m\u00e0 suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00eanm\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1hc th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a) V\u1ea1n h\u1eefu tuy l\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, song trong c\u00e1i l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng;<\/p>\n

b) Trong l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn;<\/p>\n

c) D\u00f9 l\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edbi hay Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu truy nguy\u00ean ra th\u00ec r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta;<\/p>\n

d) Sau h\u1ebft, c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra khi n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sau n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

2) Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, b\u1edfi v\u1eady Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec trung th\u1ef1c th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u1ed9t, nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd (sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m chia th\u00e0nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9, sau Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 ma kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t qua th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. V\u00e0 V\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi n\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: H\u1eefu-vi-ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 V\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu-vi-ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn. V\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Song Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u coi hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i H\u1eefu-vi-ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 V\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Thuuy\u1ebft-nh\u1ea5t-thi\u1ebft-H\u1eefu-b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-X\u00e1, chia v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m lo\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i hai lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c H\u1eefu-vi-ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n ba lo\u1ea1i kia (Tr\u1ea1ch-di\u1ec7t-v\u00f4-vi, Phi-tr\u1ea1ch-di\u1ec7t-v\u00f4-vi, H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng-v\u00f4-vi) thu\u1ed9c V\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, V\u00f4-vi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p-t\u00ednh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 V\u00f4-vi-ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc sinh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu-vi-ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo D\u1ecb-B\u1ed9-T\u00f4n-lu\u1eadn th\u00ec Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ba V\u00f4-vi, \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn V\u00f4-vi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Tr\u1ea1ch-di\u1ec7t-v\u00f4-vi, Phi-tr\u1ea1ch-di\u1ec7t-v\u00f4-vi, H\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng-v\u00f4-vi, kh\u00f4ng-v\u00f4-bi\u00ean-x\u1ee9-v\u00f4-vi, Th\u1ee9c-v\u00f4-bi\u00ean-x\u1ee9-v\u00f4-vi, V\u00f4-s\u1edf-h\u1eefu-x\u1ee9-v\u00f4-vi, Phi-t\u01b0\u1edfng-phi-phi-t\u01b0\u1edfng-x\u1ee9-v\u00f4-vi, Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-chi-t\u00ednh-v\u00f4-vi, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o-chi-t\u00ednh-v\u00f4-vi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y t\u1ee9 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc l\u00e0m v\u00f4-vi bi\u1ebfn T\u1ee9-v\u00f4-s\u1eafc-\u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, tuy l\u00e0 h\u1eefu-vi nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m cho T\u1ee9-v\u00f4-s\u1eafc-\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9-v\u00f4-s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu truy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y th\u00ec th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-chi-t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o-chi-t\u00ednh c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tuy l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, song ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: Hoa \u0110\u1ecba-B\u1ed9 tuy thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo T\u00f4n-Lu\u00e2n-lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng v\u1eady, Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh V\u00f4 vi: Tr\u1ea1ch-di\u1ec7t-v\u00f4-vi,cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ra Thi\u1ec7n-Ph\u00e1p-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, B\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-ph\u00e1p-ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, V\u00f4-k\u00fd-ph\u00e1p Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, \u0110\u1ea1o-chi-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb T\u1ee9-b\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ed9ng-V\u00f4-vi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, sau \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o-chi-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh V\u00f4-vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9. Song c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean ba V\u00f4-vi Thi\u1ec7n \u00c1c v\u00e0 V\u00f4-K\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean tuy theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a D\u1ecb-B\u1ed9-T\u00f4n-Lu\u00e2n-lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1eed li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Nam-truy\u1ec1n-Lu\u1eadn-S\u1ef1 (kathavatthu) th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0: tuy c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Lu\u1eadn-S\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i V\u00f4-vi, th\u00ec t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00c1n-\u0110\u1ea1t-La-ph\u00e1i (Andhaka), B\u1eafc-\u0110\u1ea1o-ph\u00e1i (Uttarapathaka), \u0110\u00f4ng-s\u01a1n-b\u1ed9 (Pubbaseliya)v.v. (l\u00fac Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng gia nh\u00e2p, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-b\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00ec t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh V\u00f4-vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 hay Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-b\u1ed9, tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00ec t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia tuy c\u00f3 Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng T\u1ee9-\u0111\u1ebf-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai, song \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee9-\u0111\u1ebf-Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (Cattarisaccaniasamkhataniti -KA63). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5,T\u1eadp,Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ea7y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: mu\u1ed1n \u0111em ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc tuy c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ph\u00e1i Lu\u1eadn-S\u1ef1 th\u00ec ngay trong ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc-\u0110\u1ea1o-Ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 V\u00f4-vi (Sabbabhammanan tathataasamkha tati K. V. 195).<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y tr\u00fac th\u00ec b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong Lu\u1eadn-S\u1ef1 cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0. N\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o T\u00f4n-Lu\u00e2n-lu\u1eadn, hay c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Lu\u1eadn-S\u1ef1, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p V\u00f4-vi, khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0-quan,ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i quy lu\u1eadt sinh di\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, hay mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c -th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i c\u00e1i c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a V\u00f4-vi t\u1ecbnh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eady, c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-vi sau \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u V\u00f4-vi ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 tuy b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan.<\/p>\n

Song c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2u t\u00f3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1eeba-Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec d\u00f9 theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, hay theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo T\u00f4n-Lu\u00e2n-lu\u1eadn, hay Lu\u1eadn-S\u1ef1, ta th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u1eadp ra b\u1ed1n V\u00f4-s\u1eafc V\u00f4-vi, \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e1-\u0110\u1ecba-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t B\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ed9ng V\u00f4-vi duy nh\u1ea5t (Thi\u1ec7n-Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ea5t-thi\u1ec7n-ph\u00e1p, V\u00f4-k\u00fd-ph\u00e1p ba Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Theo T\u1eeb-\u00c2n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tam Th\u1ec3 Nh\u1ea5t L\u00fd). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng-S\u01a1n-B\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-chi-t\u00ednh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o-chi-t\u00ednh l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh T\u1ee9-\u0111\u1ebf-V\u00f4-vi. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n H\u00ecnh-nhi-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111em th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 kinh L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG TO\u00c0N B\u1ed8 C\u1ee6A B\u00c1T NH\u00c3.<\/h5>\n

1) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tuy h\u01a1i phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf. M\u00e0 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf tuy l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, song, ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang r\u1ebd th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai quy ph\u1ea1m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quy ph\u1ea1m thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1i quy ph\u1ea1m thuy\u1ebft minh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang theo \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh, hai quy ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 hai b\u00e1nh xe kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi nhau. Song nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hai quy ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y cho c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00ean nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t? N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1edfi l\u1ebb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1i c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u1ef1c T\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn; v\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Quan Ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn. N\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec ph\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 “H\u1eefu” v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i sau l\u00e0 “Kh\u00f4ng”. V\u00ec Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. C\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n ta\u1ecb c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan H\u1eefu l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sinh ra tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc A-l\u1ea1i-da-th\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh quan ni\u1ec7m “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh” m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ec1n phong c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc A-l\u1ea1i-da-th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0: “Phi t\u1ee9c phi ly u\u1ea9n ng\u00e3”, “T\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c”, “C\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed u\u1ea9n” v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0: T\u00e2m T\u00ednh B\u1ea3n T\u1ecbnh, V\u00f4-vi-H\u1eefu-D\u1ee5ng, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v.v\u2026, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu ; v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a hai B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 Nghi\u00eam M\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, trong Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0: Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft B\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3 B\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf B\u1ed9 v.v\u2026 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ph\u00e1p V\u00f4-vi tuy l\u00e0 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n quan, T\u00e2m-t\u00ednh-b\u1ea3n-t\u1ecbnh-quan, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n-hi\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0, khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u00c1n-\u0110\u1ea1t-La. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u00edt ra l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. Trong t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y: “Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u1ed1n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng”. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0Nam\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t thai t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u00c1n-\u0110\u1ea1t-La thu\u1ed9c \u0110ai-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ta ch\u1ec9 suy c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tuy n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang- b\u1ed9 -h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ph\u00e9p tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9-h\u1ec7. M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd phi\u1ec1n t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu-B\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ecbnh hay \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

2) To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u00fd “V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng”. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean sai v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7-Nh\u1ea5t-Ngh\u0129a-\u0110\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (Prjaana) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec7-Nh\u1ea5t-Ngh\u0129a-\u0110\u1ebf, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3”. S\u1edf d\u0129 kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00ec trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt sai bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sai bi\u1ec7t, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y hay t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n, Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb X\u1ee9, Th\u1eadp B\u00e1t Gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 do s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 danh, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quy ph\u1ea1m hay ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5, t\u00e1n, ly, h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh. Cho n\u00ean, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, sinh, tr\u1ee5, di\u1ec7t v.v\u2026, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7-Nh\u1ea5t-Ngh\u0129a-\u0110\u1ebf, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Nh\u01b0 Lai, qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. M\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec m\u00ea, ng\u1ed9, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00e2m sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng hay n\u00eau l\u00ean “Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng” m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Kinh n\u00f3i: “N\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng, ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, h\u1eefu vi kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4-vi kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u1ee7 trong Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ) nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i ” kh\u00f4ng” nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Upanishads, v\u00ec Upanishads n\u00f3i: “Ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p chung c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng (Neti,neti)!”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 theo c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra hai l\u00fd do sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a)- N\u00f3i theo nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y tuy l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, to\u00e0n do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 trang 15. Ng\u00e0i Thi H\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1edd 3b c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y \u00f4ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t ! Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1edbi sinh l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, v\u00ec cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean (ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n), v\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecb bi\u00ean n\u00ean m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc: v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p danh s\u1eafc cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eadt c\u00f3, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt (Yathabhutam marga); v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed1i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y? V\u00e0 theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh \u00fd, r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. \u00dd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 39 ; tam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft KH\u00d4NG.<\/p>\n

b)- C\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. V\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n th\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tri th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft ; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i l\u00e0: v\u00f4 s\u1ec9, v\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00f4 v\u0103n, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (Th\u1eafng-Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 II) ; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i: v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 sinh, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c, v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh l\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (nguy\u00ean v\u0103n trong ti\u1ec3u- ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, trang 341).<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111em k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ra h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

3) Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4-v\u0169-tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4 sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ta, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; tuy nhi\u00ean B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec tuy B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, song, d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng” ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng: \u201cDi\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu”. Tuy c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i.\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.\u00a0Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tuy \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3n tr\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf b\u1ec1 trong th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb s\u1eafc” ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tuy c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea5y ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u1ea9n tu\u1eabn l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sinh ho\u1ea1t, m\u00e0, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i: ” \u01afng v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5 nhi sinh k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng vi di\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3n d\u1eddi non, c\u00e1i di\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn n\u00fai Tu Di trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sai-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sai-bi\u1ec7t-gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng V\u00f4-vi, v\u00f4-t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ec7-Nh\u1ea5t-Ngh\u0129a-Kh\u00f4ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 sai bi\u1ec7t: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4-v\u0169-tr\u1ee5-lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0CH\u00c2N NH\u01af QUAN C\u1ee6A B\u00c1T NH\u00c3.<\/h5>\n

1) T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t qua nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1edf d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ti\u1ec7n nghi cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng kinh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 g\u1ed3m 600 quy\u1ec3n do Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 B\u00e1ch Khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kinh gi\u1ea3). C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i song v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hay t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 600 quy\u1ec3n chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u (400 quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u), ph\u1ea7n hai (78 quy\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ) ph\u1ea7n ba ( 59 quy\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ), ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n ( 18 quy\u1ec3n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m ( 10 quy\u1ec3n ch\u00f3t ).<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 600 tr\u0103m quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 500 quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed5 n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng hay n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tuy to l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. Quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 tuy c\u00f3 t\u1edbi m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ebfu ta n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra manh m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tuy ch\u1ed5 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea9m (Tathata Parivartta).<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. Song, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, ti\u1ec3u d\u1ecb, cho n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ( nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n: Attasahasrika Praja-paramita) th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 d\u00f9\u00a0cho kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (\u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai:Pancavimsati sahasrika Pr.), \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Satasahasrika Pr.) ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0110\u1ea1i-B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ea1i-Ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, cho n\u00ean khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu r\u1ed3i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n kia, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-B\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea1i-Ph\u1ea9m, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n 566 \u0111\u1ebfn 574), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Th\u1eafng-Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, v\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, Th\u1eafng-Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 sau h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 khi mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n “H\u1eefu”. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ta n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u-Ph\u1ea9m, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m hay \u0110\u1ea1i-B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u1eadc n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng-Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u-Ph\u1ea9m r\u1ed3i chung k\u1ebft \u1edf Th\u1eafng-Thi\u00ean-V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

2) \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngoan kh\u00f4ng, h\u01b0 v\u00f4, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, \u00edt ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean. Song, n\u1ebfu \u0111em c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Khang-\u0110\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ding-an-sich (s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf). V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t g\u1ecdi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00edn, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0: ph\u00e1p-gi\u1edbi (dharmadhatu), ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh (tattva), ph\u00e1p-b\u1ea5t-bi\u1ebfn-t\u00ednh (dharmaniya-mata), th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (bhutakoti), t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh (svabhava-prakti) v.v.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 r\u1ea5t hay d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (tathata). Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft minh c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1m v\u1eady. Tuy \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 n\u00f3i: “kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i” (neti neti), nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “Tat” (c\u00e1i \u1ea5y) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean theo B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng”, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (atathata), t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh t\u1ee9c phi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh (asvbhava). L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u1ebfu cho l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng (kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0). N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p du\u1ec7 tr\u00ed v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ta. Do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c”. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 trong kinh Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng tu t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng; tu t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y, xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, n\u00ean tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o; tu h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi” (\u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 quy\u1ec3n 567, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec3n 7, trang 929, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ta th\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef th\u00ec, \u00edt ra tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 tuy l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Trung Qu\u00e1n, tuy v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng do c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quan s\u00e1t Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn \u00edt ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, ngo\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft “kh\u00f4ng” ra, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

Kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o, trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3. Theo B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi do quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, cho n\u00ean tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chung (Finan cause) m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, an tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng? \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (effcient cause). N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m s\u00fac m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0ng ra v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh h\u01a1i d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng xin tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

_ N\u00e0y T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng! Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng?<\/p>\n

_ T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

_ Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

_ T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

_ \u00d4ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed (ch\u00e2n qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed) m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ef1, xa l\u00eca v\u00f2ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec9, xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00ecm x\u00e9t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng ph\u00e0m phu, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi ma s\u1ef1, xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, trong s\u00e1ng: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee3n, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn th\u1ebf. N\u00e0y \u00f4ng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n

_ Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tr\u00ed B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, gi\u1eefa ngh\u0129a “ch\u1ee9ng” v\u00e0 “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

_ C\u00e1i tr\u00ed B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ch\u1ee9ng”, c\u00f2n tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, quy\u1ec3n 567, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec3n 7, t\u1edd 929, ph\u1ea7n trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1).<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p d\u00f9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ). Song c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, duy ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch tu \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u th\u00ec c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn n\u00f3i: “T\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay, n\u00f3 xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m duy\u00ean”; v\u00e0 “duy ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i trong lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Theo t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft minh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t hay l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0? \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo nh\u1eefng v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eafc Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (Rubata – thata), th\u1ee5 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (Vedanatathata) cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (Vijnana-tathata) v.v. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u1edf Nh\u01b0-Lai c\u00f3 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-Lai, \u1edf Tu-B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1 c\u00f3 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Tu-B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Plato. V\u00ec Plato theo nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. M\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ra nhi\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y? \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ta l\u01b0u t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh v\u0103n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 16 trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c”, “Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t”. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa: “Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 hai (Yacata-thagatatathata yacasarvadharma tathata eka cva csa tathata advaya. Mitras edition P.3).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0, v\u00ec \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: Ph\u1ea1m (\u0110\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3) l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai (ekameva advitiyam).<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 17 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: “N\u00e0y Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1! Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0. Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh (Nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n trang 322, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec3n 8, t\u1edd 638, ph\u1ea9m trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1).<\/p>\n

Theo nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi chia ra Nh\u01b0 Lai, Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v.v\u2026v\u00e0 t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t; nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u quay v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh chung c\u00f9ng, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 theo nh\u1eefng \u00fd nghi\u00e3 \u1ea5y th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Plato, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Plato. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Plato \u0111em c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1p \u0111a c\u1ee7a Plato t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn (Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0: kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh? N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, v\u1eady kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m hay v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 trong m\u00e0 say lu\u1eadn theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 , ho\u1eb7c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 , chung quy kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1eadm Th\u00e2m Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 19 trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m (Nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n trang 555) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m (Citta). \u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng minh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

_ N\u00e0y \u00f4ng Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1! Theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u00e2u xa kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n

_ Theo \u00f4ng th\u00ec trong Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

_ Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

_ Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

_ Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

_ N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf.”.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c (phi nh\u1ea5t, phi d\u1ecb), nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i phi nh\u1ea5t, phi d\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t r\u00e1o t\u00e2m t\u00ednh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng. Song ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u00ecm b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec m\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft T\u00e2m T\u00ednh B\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o che l\u1ea5p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00ea m\u1edd ( xin coi Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh trong Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ).<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m t\u00ednh m\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 trong ph\u1ea9m Than T\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 8 c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m ( nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef trang 188-189).<\/p>\n

” \u00d4ng Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 ( atman) thanh t\u1ecbnh cho n\u00ean s\u1eafc thanh t\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n

_ \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

_ B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh thanh t\u1ecbnh ; T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean th\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh ; T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 thanh t\u1ecbnh; T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh; T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng. T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean n\u00ean s\u1eafc c\u0169ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean; T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean n\u00ean th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

_ R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang!.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.
\nNh\u01b0ng trong B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa. Theo t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh t\u1eeb Nh\u01b0-lai (Atahatata), m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 ra. C\u00f2n trong Th\u1eafng Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (dharmakaya). \u0110\u1ebfn Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 coi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Song b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec chung c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, ngo\u00e0i ra t\u00e2m ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu theo gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9ng, l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7an Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 chung c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “duy th\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m c\u1ed1 danh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ” c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1hc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 \u0111a nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng sai kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

4) Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng coi Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1edd m\u1edd, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 sau n\u00e0y Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u00e8 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, tuy d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu sinh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u suy lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu th\u00ec v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft minh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 trong Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, song v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn th\u00ec trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p-T\u00ednh (kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 quy\u1ec3n 569) n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tuy sinh Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 tuy sinh ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng sinh, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n” (\u0110\u1ea1i-Ch\u00ednh-T\u1ea1ng, quy\u1ec3n 7, t\u1edd 937).<\/p>\n

Xin l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1eefa. Trong ph\u1ea9m Hi\u1ec3n T\u01b0\u1edbng (\u0110\u1ea1i-B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, quy\u1ec3n 567) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cThi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 cao ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 tr\u0169ng, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ra” (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec3n 7, p. 937).<\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 tuy b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 tuy ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9 r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i manh nha c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean ai c\u0169ng r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f9y duy\u00ean, cho n\u00ean khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sau \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f9y duy\u00ean r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Kh\u1edfi-T\u00ednh-Lu\u1eadn, cho c\u00e1i l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean l\u00e0 do “h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 minh sinh kh\u1edfi”. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy c\u1ee9u cho th\u1eadt t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1eb3n trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xin d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Theo B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, r\u1ed3i do ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t thuy\u1ebft Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1ea1i do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb3n ngay trong Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho n\u00ean chung c\u1ee5c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 “h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 minh sinh kh\u1edfi” c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00ednh-Lu\u1eadn.
\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, song trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ec8 t\u1ec8\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec nay kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c \u1edf l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng Du-Gi\u00e0 (t\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p-T\u01b0\u1edbng-T\u00f4ng) th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 y\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i.
\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd theo Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-T\u01b0\u1edbng-T\u00f4ng tuy g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i theo Huy\u1ec1n Trang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea1i \u1ea6n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1p cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 xin n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

5) \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Phi\u1ebfm Th\u1ea7n Quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n th\u00eam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a Phi\u1ebfm-th\u1ea7n-quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111em \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y cho c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ea v\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0 chi\u00eam bao, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00f4 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn (Acosmism), Duy-hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-lu\u1eadn (Phenomenalism), hay ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u1ea2o- t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-lu\u1eadn (Illusionism). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi mang c\u1eb7p k\u00ednh v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 m\u00e0n v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ef1-gi\u00e1c. Theo B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m ta t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t do \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00edt ra trong v\u00f4 minh, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0n v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan phi\u1ebfm-th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a Duy-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng-lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u00ea c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo \u0110\u1ec7-nh\u1ea5t-ngh\u0129a th\u00ec m\u00ea c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec tuy g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ta. Cho n\u00ean kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i “B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cho v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Tuy \u0111\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang sinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ea3. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n lai v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c” (Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m, nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n p.20, \u0110\u1ea1i-Ch\u00ednh-T\u1ea1ng, quy\u1ec3n 8, p.590).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ea3n lai \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, trong ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-Ph\u1ea9m-B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (\u0110\u1ea1i-Tr\u00ed-\u0110\u1ed9-Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 72). Long Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

“Trong B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3-ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec3n (n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n), c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2m (s\u00e2u xa); c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

a)_ L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “kh\u00f4ng”. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c canh t\u00e2n), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

b)_ L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, cho n\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tu ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay r\u1ed3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Song n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “th\u1ebf gian t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5” trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa: t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “v\u00f4 t\u1eadn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi” trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam; l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 “c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n trong Di \u0110\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n.v.v\u2026n\u1ebfu tri nguy\u00ean ra th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai “Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu quan” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U: THI\u1ec0N V\u00c0 \u00dd NGH\u0128A TRI\u1ebeT H\u1eccC<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0\u00dd NGH\u0128A C\u1ee6A THI\u1ec0N.<\/h5>\n

Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n dhyana v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Pali – Jhana, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n na.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef dhyana l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy hay t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1i Du D\u00e0 trong s\u00e1u ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7t Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y trong t\u00e1m c\u1ea5p tu h\u00e0nh. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ra T\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n, T\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec trong Thi\u1ec1n-na-ba-la-m\u1eadt bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi hay chuy\u00ean t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng chia th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Tam Mu\u1ed9i (samdhi ) tuy c\u00f3 khu bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec Tam Mu\u1ed9i hay Thi\u1ec1n na c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1i t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c Tam Mu\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa. Thuy\u1ebft B\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 samyaksamadhi, cho n\u00ean khi n\u00f3i Tam Mu\u1ed9i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c Thi\u1ec1n na m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec l\u1eadp ra L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n na ba la m\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i tu theo ph\u00e9p Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3. Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a bao qu\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00e2u X\u00e1 Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong t\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Du D\u00e0 ph\u00e1i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u01a1n Tam Mu\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o sau n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e9p tu Thi\u1ec1n tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p tu to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t cho th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ra m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh, \u0111oan nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i tu Thi\u1ec1n. M\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u00e9p tu Thi\u1ec1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1t \u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m duy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a khai ng\u1ed9. Khai ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y n\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 duy. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho Thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9-qu\u00e1n. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m y\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh, Qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Chi-qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng Ch\u1ec9-qu\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00f4n m\u00ea tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Song n\u1ebfu t\u01b0 duy m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t. V\u1eady qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m y\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c, chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9-qu\u00e1n, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I THI\u1ec0N<\/h5>\n

L\u1ed1i tu Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 quan ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 do n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khu bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n. Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a quy\u1ec3n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Thi\u1ec1n Nguy\u00ean Ch\u01b0 Thuy\u00ean T\u1eadp \u0110\u00f4, T\u00f4n M\u1eadt Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 chia Thi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh 5 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

1) Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o; ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ra, h\u1ecd tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, h\u1ecd ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2) Ph\u00e0m phu Thi\u1ec1n, h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tuy l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tin \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. T\u00f4n M\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00edn nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u00fd ni\u1ec7m vui, ch\u00e1n m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

3) Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Thi\u1ec1n, h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tin \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

4) \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Thi\u1ec1n, h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

5) Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ed1i-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Thi\u1ec1n, h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n M\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “N\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m b\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed t\u00edn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c, theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed1i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1eeba Thi\u1ec1n “. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh Tam Mu\u1ed9i, Nh\u01b0-lai thanh t\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n. M\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Ma truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n M\u1eadt chia Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tuy r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n song c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u01b0 trong Ngo\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ea1o-thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Vedanta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tu luy\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ed1i-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Thi\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n M\u1eadt ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu luy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, hy v\u1ecdng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, v\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u00e3ng sinh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu h\u00e0nh, mang n\u1eb7ng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o tha l\u1ef1c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 xem Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t huy \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3, Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ra sao? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c (xin xem m\u1ee5c Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean). Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac qua. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.
\nV\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA: T\u1ef0 NG\u00c3 L\u00c0 G\u00cc<\/h5>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb x\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3. B\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, T\u00f4-C\u00e1ch-L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “Anh h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n anh”. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb hai, ba tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i Upanishads \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 suy t\u01b0. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu ta h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng “c\u00e1i ta” l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ng\u00e2y ng\u00f4 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ta suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ngay ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “ta”, th\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng may g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tay, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 c\u00f2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n? Ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta, v\u1eady th\u00ec v\u1ee3, con, anh, em s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau ra sao? C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 suy c\u1ee9u, ta th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy t\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 theo s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh co r\u00e3n (flexibility). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed9i t\u1ec9nh, qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f9ng trong t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1edf quan. N\u1ebfu ta cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ta th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00e2m s\u00e2u k\u00edn m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Song c\u00e1i T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m s\u00e2u k\u00edn \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3i t\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0: c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1i tri gi\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi, Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u00fat c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng do kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 phi ng\u00e3, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec n\u1ebfu cho T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u1ea5y, x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean, c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n l\u1ea9n trong v\u00f2ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u01b0 l\u1ef1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af: C\u00c1I TA TUY\u1ec6T \u0110\u1ed0I.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 tuy nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u1ea5y nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3. Nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1eebng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t, hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm l\u00e0 hai m\u00e9t, v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u, b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt xa l\u1eafm. V\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1eb7m c\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ecbu t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u1ea5y, cho n\u00ean ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ta ham m\u00ea nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 th\u00ec b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung n\u1ea1p k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 b\u1ec1 trong ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ec9nh. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ta ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u1ee9 “tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n vi nh\u00e2n” Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi “tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n vi nh\u00e2n” hay qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00ec k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ta n\u1ed9i t\u1ec9nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111em th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00f3 ra b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i quan v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn song h\u00e0nh. N\u1ed9i quan c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u thi s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 trong hay b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i quan, r\u1ed3i v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 theo nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sinh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eady b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao? B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cao kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 hai th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u b\u1ea3y, t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, b\u1ec1 trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. C\u00f2n sinh m\u1ec7nh, t\u1ee9c T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, th\u1eddi gian hay kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. M\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7 ta. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tha-ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ta, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, Ph\u1eadt t\u00edn, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n minh, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I NG\u00c3 V\u00c0 THI\u1ec0N.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc sinh m\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t theo d\u00f5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3? Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec sinh m\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ( xin xem m\u1ee5c “\u00dd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n sinh” trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn l\u00fd th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. V\u00ec th\u1eadt ra T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u00e3 hay \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khu bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Song n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3 trong ch\u00ednh T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00e0o, thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, song chung c\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, Kh\u00f4ng, Th\u1ea7n v.v., nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tuy b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y s\u01b0 dung h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 va \u0110\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c , t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 danh t\u1eeb sai bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau; nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u1ea5y ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n. Thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung; do Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ki\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Ma Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, tuy c\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau. Song s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f2n tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 khai ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3. Trong \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 tuy m\u1ec7nh danh ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc khai ng\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hoan l\u1ea1c d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n. Song c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y l\u00e3nh no\u00e3n t\u1ef1 tri”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh hay \u1ea5m th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft minh si\u00eau lu\u1eadn l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U:\u00a0\u0110\u1eb6C S\u1eaeC C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0T MA THI\u1ec0N.<\/h5>\n

Thi\u1ec1n tuy l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Thi\u1ec1n v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ch\u00ednh Thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ebfu ph\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t. V\u1ecb gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u00edn an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u00f3 tuy l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u00f9y theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c, \u1ea9n tu\u1eabn, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tham gia nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-lai-Thi\u1ec1n hay T\u1ed5-S\u01b0-Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tuy l\u1ea5y “t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 khai ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o sinh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eaft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Khi Thi\u1ec1n-T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ra m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Thi\u1ec1n -T\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh cho l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khai ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quan, h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i tuy l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i-ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1ch quan, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1-ng\u00e3 do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1c-C\u1ed1c-L\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1i t\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 quan m\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ch quan. Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eefa m\u1ed1i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt song kh\u1ed1n n\u1ed7i l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a “\u0111\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n”! Nh\u01b0ng Thi\u1ec1n-T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t-Ma Thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ngay trong c\u00f5i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, r\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb th\u00e1i nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng thanh tho\u00e1t t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n-T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi qu\u00ean b\u1eb5ng m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n g\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn tu.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu xa r\u1eddi n\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u1ea3o di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u00e1n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 B\u1ea2Y: S\u1ef0 KHAI TRI\u1ec2N C\u1ee6A T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG PH\u1eacTGI\u00c1O V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T V\u1ec0 THI\u1ec0N<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0\u0110\u1ecaA V\u1eca C\u1ee6A THI\u1ec0N TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

Thi\u1ec1n (dhyana) hay Tam Mu\u1ed9i (samadhi), x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong Tam-h\u1ecdc, B\u00e1t-ch\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c-ba-la-m\u1eadt, c\u00f2n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng-ph\u00e1i th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tu \u0111\u1ea1o trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Thi\u1ec1n tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu ni\u1ec7m, Thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Song \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ngay c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu C\u01a1-\u0110\u1ed1c g\u1ed1a l\u00eca b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec C\u01a1-\u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng; c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ly khai Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft sinh kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Song t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, tuy b\u1ec1 trong c\u00f3 th\u00f3i Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n sa v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i sinh kh\u00ed th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. C\u00e2u X\u00e1 T\u00f4ng th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt T\u00f4ng, Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4ng, Thi\u00ean Thai T\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 khi ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t lu\u1eadn l\u00fd n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c tu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 C\u00e2u X\u00e1 T\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u0169 Tr\u00f9ng Duy Th\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf T\u00f4ng Qu\u00e1n th\u1ef1c tu th\u00ec Tam Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n th\u00ec Thi\u00ean Thai T\u00f4ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1ebf sinh kh\u00ed. Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng tuy l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u1ebf, duy ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n-th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o_tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u0103m trong Thi\u1ec1n hay Tam Mu\u1ed9i; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c tu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c tu, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u0169 x\u1eabm r\u1edd voi. Ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00f4i m\u1ea1o mu\u1ed9i n\u00f3i l\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0THI\u1ec0N QU\u00c1N: M\u1ea8U THAI C\u1ee6A GI\u00c1O L\u00dd.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft xin n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n. Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u00c1o-Ngh\u0129a-Th\u01b0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau (800-600 tr. TL) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Du D\u00e0 (Yoga-t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng) l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc phong nh\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc phong nh\u1ea5t ban \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu t\u00f4i xin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0: t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y th\u00ec m\u1edbi mong th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m; v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa \u00fd, chuy\u00ean t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (c\u00f4ng \u00e1n) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi to\u00e0n \u00fd th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u00ec m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ch\u1ec9” (sammatha), m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n” (vipasyana), m\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9, Qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n v\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c phong kho\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 duy\u1ec7t. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0m quan ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quan kh\u00e1ch quan, to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n suy nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec l\u00fd lu\u1eadn d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tinh nhu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ng\u1eebng \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi tri th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. D\u00f9 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1ed3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ch\u1ec9-Qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh v\u1ebd n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ta. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u c\u00fang l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sinh t\u1ed3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0N\u1ed8I DUNG C\u1ee6A THI\u1ec0N.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0: n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tuy c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u1ec1n, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Thi\u1ec1n, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Thi\u1ec1n, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Thi\u1ec1n\u2026 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3 c\u0169ng quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh ph\u00e0m m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed3i \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9, qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n. Song c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u do c\u00f4ng phu Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau trong Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 Tam Mu\u1ed9i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n sau n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu suy c\u1ee9u cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin chia ra ba \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “ph\u00e1p h\u1ef7 Thi\u1ec1n duy\u1ec7t (kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m t\u00e2m linh)”? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh: s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau, l\u00e0 c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. N\u1ebfu truy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau-tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai: ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i t\u01b0 duy d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed trong th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eebng \u1edf t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf quan, Th\u1eadp-nh\u1ecb-nh\u00e2n-duy\u00ean-quan, T\u1ee9-ni\u1ec7m-x\u1ee9-quan, T\u1ee9-v\u00f4-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-quan… \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hay n\u1ed9i dung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i m\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba: \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00eau ra c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tu t\u1eadp c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Gi\u00e1o, Thi\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed” ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Song \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. L\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb th\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec l\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, n\u00ean gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “Gi\u00e1o, Thi\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed”. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00f4i, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a)_N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m ra kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u1eady khi \u0111em phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00f3a, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh nghi\u1ec7m, Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

b)_Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, tuy l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng linh c\u1ea3m n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

c)_T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf quan, Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi quan, T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 quan, T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, n\u00ean khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan: do th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc, do danh s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, trong t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 quan th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u00e1n: trong t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan th\u00ec T\u1eeb qu\u00e1n hay h\u1ef7 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u00e1n). C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec ba l\u00fd do tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean gi\u1eefa n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec tuy c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng, h\u1eb9p, n\u00f4ng, s\u00e2y hay v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed mang ra \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi th\u00ec \u00edt ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 khai tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba coi tr\u1ecdng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y. R\u1ed3i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan c\u1ee7a Hoa-Nghi\u00eam th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a m\u00e0 theo bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n quan, T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 quan l\u1ea5y hai quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng linh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Tam mu\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tuy Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong Thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh Tam Mu\u1ed9i m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 “y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ” mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n” tuy kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0S\u1ef0 PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN H\u00d3A C\u1ee6A N\u1ed8I DUNG THI\u1ec0N QU\u00c1N.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Tam Mu\u1ed9i. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf Tam Mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, ngay trong \u0111\u00f3 tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 quan. Ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch quan. Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ca-Di\u1ebfp, A-Nan kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng khi trao truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ta m\u00e3n t\u00fac th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng m\u00e3n t\u00fac, ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t , th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111em c\u00e1i n\u1ed9i dung Tam Mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ednh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd r\u1ea5t mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean ba l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i dung Tam Mu\u1ed9i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 coi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Khi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan th\u00ec tuy n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a. Th\u00ec t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3: c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5-bi\u1ebfn-t\u00ednh th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi-quan ho\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 do s\u1ef1 kinh qu\u00e1 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m th\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh thuy\u1ebft Tam-gi\u1edbi: D\u1ee5c-gi\u1edbi, S\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4-s\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 quan chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t-chu Tam Mu\u1ed9i (pratyutpanna Samadhy_Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n Tam Mu\u1ed9i ); c\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec do c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng” nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y-ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-T\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111em n\u1ed9i dung Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00ec l\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng quan, Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-gi\u1edbi quan th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh qu\u00e1, tuy c\u00f3 l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i suy l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 chung c\u1ef1 th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng suy l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed” (kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf khi nh\u1ea5t ban h\u00f3a n\u00f3 th\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u00edt ra theo m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u01b0 duy. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft “Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a Trung lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean Bi\u1ec7n-ch\u1ee9ng-lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh; nh\u01b0 Duy-th\u1ee9c-lu\u1eadn l\u1ea5y A-l\u1ea1i-da-th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi-t\u00edn-lu\u1eadn th\u00ec l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea3n-th\u1ec3-lu\u1eadn (B\u00e1n nh\u1eadn-th\u1ee9c-lu\u1eadn) \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 thu\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd do th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n r\u1ed3i \u0111em l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u00f3a theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u1ea5t ban h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec t\u1eeb x\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tu Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, sau khi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00ec th\u1ea5t ra, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft minh hay lu\u1eadn l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trao truy\u1ec1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p” l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m”. Ch\u00ednh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n-T\u00f4ng , m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: Thi\u1ec1n-T\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec trong ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec Tam Mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i Tam Mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng qu\u1ef9 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Song \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 quan n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, Tam Mu\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u00eam th\u1eaft, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111em nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 quan \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0THI\u1ec0N QU\u00c1N L\u00c0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P NH\u1eacN TH\u1ee8C.<\/h5>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u1eady nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Thi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n th\u1ea7n b\u00ed; \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t quan ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thuy\u1ebft minh gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kho\u1ea3 s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec7t ng\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd xin n\u00f3i qua \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. T\u1ef1-Ng\u00e3 quan, t\u00e2m t\u00ednh quan, sinh m\u1ec7nh quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ch\u1ed7 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0: “tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 nh\u1ecf nhen c\u1ee7a ta, r\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi ( t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh) t\u1ef1 do ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng”.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f4-ng\u00e3-lu\u1eadn. Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-lu\u1eadn; \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 do kia, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n: ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-Lai T\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng-l\u1ea1c-ng\u00e3-t\u1ecbnh. Chung quy, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nahu c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2u: “ly ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, duy ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng”. T\u00f4i g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u-Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u sinh m\u1ec7nh (hay Ti\u1ec3u-Ng\u00e3), v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 Ti\u1ec3u-Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ( hay \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fanh ta. Nh\u00ecn qua Thi\u1ec1n hay Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n “ch\u1ec9” \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p; m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n “qu\u00e1n” v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, tuy gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i cao. Duy khi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ra th\u00ec, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110ai-nh\u1eadt. A-di-\u0111\u00e0, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 khai ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng linh di\u1ec7u, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 sinh m\u1ec7nh. L\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ti\u1ec3u-sinh-m\u1ec7nh ( sinh-m\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i nhu th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111em \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Song, n\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1-Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111a hay sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111a (Vedanta) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn (Samkhya) l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf c\u00e1i ta gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. M\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0 (yoga), t\u1ee9c Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean n\u00eau ra hai \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111a coi sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 “Th\u1ec3”, c\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec coi l\u00e0 “D\u1ee5ng”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111a.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111a v\u00ec an tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng _n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh m\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u00e1 sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nhung v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec coi sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 sinh m\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec: v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngay trong ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u1eadp-\u0111\u1ecba-B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi (c\u1ea3nh-\u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i), n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111em th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn (sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. T\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng “V\u00e3ng sinh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9” th\u00ec trong t\u01b0\u1edbng “V\u00e3ng” (tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i) c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng “ho\u00e0n” (tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi)… T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh-\u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi. \u1ede c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn, du-gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1p huy \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M: T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u1edaI V\u0102N H\u00d3A S\u1eec<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT V\u1edaI T\u01af TR\u00c0O TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I<\/h5>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy l\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o, n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 phong kh\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 mong l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tuy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y th\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1 ch\u00fanh ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 h\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u00edt ra \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: ” \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i nh\u1eefng s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd r\u1ed3i \u0111em ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebb”. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ec d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng mang n\u1ee3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed d\u1ee5, xin c\u1eed ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p “Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi-quan” m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd y\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u1ea5y sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m ) li\u00ean quan l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y duy\u00ean c\u00e1i kia, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 sau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd (xin xem Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn ).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, b\u1edfi v\u1eady c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fd Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, vui, ho\u1ea1, ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Nh\u01b0ng theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

_ Tha T\u00e1c lu\u1eadn (Paramkata vada): t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, vui c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00fac m\u1ec7nh l\u1ee5\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

_ T\u1ef1 T\u00e1c lu\u1eadn (Sayamkata vada): tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, vui \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

_ V\u00f4 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 duy\u00ean lu\u1eadn (Mahetu appaccaya vada): thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, vui, ho\u1ea1, ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt b\u00e0i x\u00edch c\u1ea3 ba quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00eau ba thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean ra tr\u00ean ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, vui, ho\u1ea1, phuc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh an b\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, vui, h\u1ecda, ph\u00fac, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta, n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ho\u00e1n c\u1ea3i t\u00e2m ta th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, vui, ho\u1ea1, ph\u00fac. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c lu\u1eadn ” ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y .<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 T\u1ef1-do-lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng may v\u00ec b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u n\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y hai s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:
\nL\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan, n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 T\u00fac m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Duy\u00ean-kh\u1edfi quan th\u1eadt ra t\u1ef1 do quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 T\u1ef1-t\u00e1c-lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed7 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u00ea m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng do \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA V\u1edaI B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH V\u0102N H\u00d3A S\u1eec.<\/h5>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 tuy c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, so v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3i th\u1ec3, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba r\u1ea5t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu \u0111em n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o x\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00ea \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u1ebf l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u00f4, ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm ra cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u1ebf l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, theo t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed3 nghi g\u00ec n\u1eefa.V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1ng th\u01a1 Ma-ha-b\u00e0-la-\u0111a (mahabharata) g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n B\u00e1t -Nh\u00e3 (Th\u1eadp v\u1ea1n t\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ) s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n b\u00e0i kinh t\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i trong t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi T\u00e2n B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, n\u00ean n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. M\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin n\u00eau l\u00ean hai, ba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Kim s\u1eafc nguy\u1ec7n trong kinh Di \u0110\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u1ef1\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 th\u01b0 n\u00f3i: “Xin cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng “. Ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu truy t\u1ea7m cho k\u1ef9 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn kinh A S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i: “Nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc m\u00e0u x\u1ea5u x\u00ed “. L\u1ea1i trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “Nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng “. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng) l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i “Trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh sai kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u0111oan ch\u00ednh hay x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng, trang nghi\u00eam, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t”.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ef5\u00ean cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ai, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00ec s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh dung.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean lai s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra t\u1ee9 t\u00ednh (varna: s\u1eafc: t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee9 t\u00ednh m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u1ec7 t\u1eadp ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb, cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nguy\u1ec7n 12 v\u00e0 13 n\u00f3i: “Trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee9 t\u00ednh, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 “. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y do t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p giai c\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n Kim S\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc l\u1edbn trong b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong c\u00f5i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i “n\u1ea1n ” \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n n\u1eefa. M\u1edbi nghe qua, tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111em b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u01a1\u00ed c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi Di L\u1eb7c gi\u00e1ng sinh m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Khi Di L\u1eb7c gi\u00e1ng sinh th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9, nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u00f3i: “L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ee9t ra, xong r\u1ed3i kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i “, n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n n\u1eefa. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp: ri\u00eang trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd m\u00e0 th\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong Lu\u1eadt-t\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd . \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, tuy ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u00ecn qua, tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, song n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao, th\u1eadt n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa. Do \u0110\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1ee3n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n) quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, xin xem thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c “S\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n-nguy\u1ec7n “).<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA V\u1edaI S\u1ef0 BI\u1ec2U HI\u1ec6N NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT.<\/h5>\n

Hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean tuy m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ra, c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, theo t\u00f4i, th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecdc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i-b\u1ea3o-th\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung. Trong th\u00e1p c\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i (di c\u1ed1t) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0110a-B\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh l\u1edbn vui m\u1eebng khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca. Trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu coi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trang tr\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p-hoa th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i xin th\u00fa th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p-Hoa n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0110a-B\u1ea3o, song n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (tr\u1eeb ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n-qu\u00e1n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a B\u1ea3o-th\u00e1pTam Mu\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c ) th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd, qu\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u1eed, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i ho\u00e0 cho hai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea5y Ch\u00ednh-Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 di ch\u00fac cho A-Nan: “H\u00e3y t\u1ef1 th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111i; y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea5y Ch\u00ednh-Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111u\u1ed1c, y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c”. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi di ch\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho Gi\u00e1o-\u0110o\u00e0n, v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o-\u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh-ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. Song c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t phong th\u00e1i t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c linh thi\u00eang th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y t\u1edbi t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y, \u00edt ra v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, d\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng khi x\u00e2y th\u00e1p c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. D\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Song, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a phong t\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea5y Ch\u00ednh-ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 trong gi\u00e1o-\u0111o\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 -ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i. Ph\u00eda Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-to\u1ea1-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 Thuy\u1ebft-Nh\u1ea5t-Thi\u1ebft -H\u1eefu-b\u1ed9, Ph\u00e1p-T\u1ea1ng-b\u1ed9 v.v..cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9 th\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u00c1n-\u0110\u1ea1t-La ph\u00e1i (Ch\u1ebf-\u0110a-S\u01a1n-B\u1ed9, B\u1eafc-S\u01a1n-Tr\u1ee5-B\u1ed9)ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i th\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba thu\u1ed9c B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 h\u1ec7 v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Ch\u00ednh-ph\u00e1p trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “D\u00f9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec, \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n kinh Duy-Ma th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i (kinh-B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Ti\u1ec3u-ph\u1ea9m, B\u1ea3o-ph\u00e1p C\u00f4ng-\u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 ba, Th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1n C\u00f4ng-\u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 4, kinh Duy-Ma: Ph\u00e1p C\u00fang-d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea9m ). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec: v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a c\u1ea3nh, th\u00e1p mi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o-h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u, hay n\u00ean l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u? Tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb\u00eac th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ho\u00e1, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ch\u00f9a c\u1ea3, th\u00e1p mi\u1ebfu, s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i Th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ecba, th\u00ec \u00edt ra c\u0169ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u1ea1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00edt, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ngay trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 xa x\u01b0a c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i r\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. \u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean r\u1ed3i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung, tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 linh ho\u1ea1t. X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0110a-B\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong th\u00e1p t\u00e1n th\u00e1n kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y di c\u1ed1t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p-Hoa trong th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o (\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0110a-B\u1ea3o ) cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 xu\u00fd Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n (gi\u00e1o-ph\u00e1p-l\u00fd-ph\u00e1p) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 di c\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i thanh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0110a-B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb: v\u00ec Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 quan c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1. Cho n\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p-\u0110a-B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i cai \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho gi\u00e1o-l\u00fd th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n qi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 CH\u00cdN.<\/p>\n

KINH PH\u00c1P HOA: \u0110\u1ea0I BI\u1ec2U CHO \u0110\u1ea0O B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

_ \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia, ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng V\u00f4-ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

_ C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, tu t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

_ Coi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu h\u1ea1nh nguy\u00ean B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh.
\n_ Theo nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c “ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 “, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ef1c-L\u1ea1c ngay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba) l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc; Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec: \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u00fd thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec \u1edf v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u00edt kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kinh Di\u1ec7u-Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean-Hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m cho \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t .<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0\u00dd NGH\u0128A S\u1ef0 XU\u1ea4T HI\u1ec6N C\u1ee6A KINH PH\u00c1P HOA.<\/h5>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u H\u1eefu c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam Duy Ma d\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m cho tinh hoa c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n, r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, song th\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc. V\u00ec l\u1ebd c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang cho B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thanh V\u0103n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh Duy Ma hay kinh T\u01b0 \u00cdch c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea1t h\u1eb3n Thanh V\u0103n ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 \u00fd b\u00e0i x\u00edch mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc h\u01a1n Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam Th\u1eeba T\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i x\u00edch Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba th\u00ec h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 r\u1ed3i sao? V\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u201cCh\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u0103n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a v\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0i x\u00edch Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 da \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh b\u1ea3n lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao dung c\u1ea3 Tam Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa (Saddharma pundarika sutra) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ed1c to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba tuy \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o th\u00f4i, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, duy c\u00f3 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa m\u1edbi th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0S\u1ef0 T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A KINH PH\u00c1P HOA.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a La Th\u1eadp g\u1ed3m 7 quy\u1ec3n, 28 ph\u1ea9m, (ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a l\u00e0 sau th\u00eam v\u00e0o) l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n Ni B\u1ea1c Nh\u0129 do Kh\u1eafc L\u1ed7 \u00c2n Th\u1ecb (?) v\u00e0 Nam \u0110i\u1ec1u Th\u1ecb (?) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hai b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p Hoa th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a 28 ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p Hoa nh\u01b0 sau: 14 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edch M\u00f4n, 14 ph\u1ea9m sau l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n M\u00f4n, m\u00e0 gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, \u0111em chia c\u1eaft 28 ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m hai \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p hai B\u1ea3n, T\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, x\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng B\u1ea3n, T\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eed h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Song c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm cho ra s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a 28 ph\u1ea9m \u1ea5y? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m v\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u1ede d\u00e2y, ta h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa 28 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec3n khai v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta h\u00e3y \u0111em to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a 28 ph\u1ea9m chia th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

I- Ph\u1ea9m T\u1ed5ng T\u1ef1 (VidanaParvarta)<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1i nghi th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghi th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec7t \u0110\u0103ng Minh \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa. Hai nghi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1eed h\u1ecdc: \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u0129a. Trong ba b\u1ed9 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u0129a do \u0110\u00e0m Ma Gi\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 Gia X\u00e1 d\u1ecbch), m\u00e0 trong kinh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ean B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Hoa Nghi\u00eam v.v… c\u0169ng c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u201cT\u1ee9 th\u1eadp d\u01b0 ni\u00ean v\u1ecb hi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c (h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3n Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa. Song kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u0129a l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng? Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 t\u00ean kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau th\u00eam v\u00e0o? Hay l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a n\u00e0y? N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y th\u00eam v\u00e0o. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

II_ Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Tho\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e1ng T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.
\n(Quy\u1ec3n H\u1ed9i Tam Quy Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ee5 K\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt)<\/p>\n

C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u0129nh:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-Ti\u1ec7n (th\u1ee9 2)
\nT\u01b0\u1eddng-thuy\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Th\u00ed-D\u1ee5 (th\u1ee9 3 )
\n-Ph\u1ea9m T\u00edn Gi\u1ea3i (th\u1ee9 4)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea3o D\u1ee5 (th\u1ee9 6)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ee5-K\u00fd (th\u1ee9 6)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Ho\u00e1-Th\u00e0nh-D\u1ee5 (th\u1ee9 7)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Ng\u0169 B\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ec7-T\u1eed-Th\u1ee5-K\u00fd (th\u1ee9 8)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ee5-H\u1ecdc-V\u00f4-H\u1ecdc-Nh\u00e2n-K\u00fd (th\u1ee9 9)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p-S\u01b0 (th\u1ee9 10)<\/p>\n

4) Truy thuy\u00eat phu luc:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0-\u0110\u1ea1t-\u0110a (th\u1ee9 12)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Khuy\u1ebfn-Tr\u00ec (th\u1ee9 13)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m An-L\u1ea1c-H\u1ea1nh (th\u1ee9 14)<\/p>\n

III_ Quy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt V\u0129nh Vi\u1ec5n T\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1a:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Ki\u1ebfn B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p (th\u1ee9 11)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m T\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ecba D\u0169ng Xu\u1ea5t (th\u1ee9 15)<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0-lai-Th\u1ecd-L\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u1ee9 16)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e2n-Bi\u1ec7t-C\u00f4ng-\u0110\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9 17)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Tu\u1ef3 H\u1ef7 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9 18)<\/p>\n

Truy thuy\u1ebft khuy\u1ebfn du:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9 19)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Th\u01b0\u1eddng-B\u1ea5t-Khinh-B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (th\u1ee9 20)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0-lai-Th\u1ea7n-L\u1ef1c (th\u1ee9 21)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00fac-Lu\u1ef5 (th\u1ee9 22)<\/p>\n

IV._ Ph\u00e1p V\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n C\u00e1ch Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng
\n(l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m )<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p V\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u1ee3c-V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t-B\u1ea3n-S\u1ef1 (th\u1ee9 23)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Di\u1ec7u-\u00c2m-B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (th\u1ee9 24)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Quan \u00c2m B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t-Ph\u1ed5-M\u00f4n (th\u1ee9 25)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00e0-La-Ni (th\u1ee9 26)
\n-Ph\u1ea9m Di\u1ec7u-Trang-Nghi\u00eam-V\u01b0\u01a1ng-B\u1ea3n-S\u1ef1 (th\u1ee9 27)<\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebfn-Thuy\u1ebft L\u01b0u Th\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

-Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5 hi\u1ec1n B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t khuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p (th\u1ee9 28)<\/p>\n

Chia ra nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a, g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ba \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt-th\u1eeba; \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t-Ph\u1eadt-Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n khoa k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0QUAN NI\u1ec6M CH\u1ee6 Y\u1ebeU C\u1ee6A KINH PH\u00c1P-HOA .<\/h5>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa g\u1ed3m 27 ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u v\u0103n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t tu\u1ef7 cu\u1ea3 kinh Phap-Hoa l\u00e0: “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o “. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb x\u01b0a v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (t\u1ee9c Thanh-V\u0103n) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tu th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba li\u1ec7t Thanh-V\u0103n v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ti\u00eau nha b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng “, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i tri ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi. Mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 Hoa-Nghi\u00eam, Bat- Nh\u00e3, Duy – Ma, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, Ph\u00e1p – Hoa l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t-ban- h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Thai, trong ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Th\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb: Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb t\u00ednh, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb th\u1ec3, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb t\u00e1c, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb nh\u00e2n, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb duy\u00ean, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb b\u00e1o, Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1t c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p- Hoa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edch M\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. V\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. V\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y trong b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n Ng\u1eef l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

Yaca te dharma yatha ca te dharma Yadrsasca te dharma yallaksanasca te dharma yatsvabhavasca te dharma ye ca yatha ca yadrsasca yallaksanasca nasca yatsvabhavasca te dharma itii tesudharmesu tathagata eva praty akso paroksah ii.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch:
\nC\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec c\u00f3: “Nh\u01b0-lai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p – Hoa kinh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111em m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” Ng\u0169 Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb”: ” H\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb3ng Ph\u00e1p, V\u00e2n H\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 T\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 Ph\u00e1p”, ch\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p – Hoa quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Thai \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt khi thuy\u1ebft kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Tam Thi\u00ean Tam \u0110\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. Kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m ” M\u1edf hai hi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t, h\u1ed9i ba quy m\u1ed9t”, c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y th\u1ea3y quy v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Tam Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1eady. M\u00e0 hai ch\u1eef Sen Tr\u1eafng (B\u1ea1ch Li\u00ean – Pundarika) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o sau, ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong tr\u1eafng ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho c\u00e1i t\u1ea5m, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt – Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa, tuy kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft Th\u1eadp – Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n T\u00edch – M\u00f4n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p – S\u01b0, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nghuy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m coi nh\u1eb9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd – L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5 – M\u00f4n, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1ea5t – Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p – Hoa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ee9c di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd – L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa m\u1edbi c\u00f3, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 kinh Quang Minh, kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, m\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 khai ba hi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t, th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong T\u00edch – M\u00f4n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa m\u1edbi n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd – L\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5 – M\u00f4n \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea1i -Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd – L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 – M\u00f4n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p – S\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c, kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng “giai c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt” (h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00fat ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 trong s\u00e1ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t cao si\u00eau.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p – Hoa c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bao dung, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt – th\u1eeba. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 quy th\u00fa ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0QUY\u1ec2N H\u1ed8I TAM-QUY NH\u1ea4T, TH\u1ee4-K\u00dd TH\u00c0NH PH\u1eacT.\u00a0(quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00edch m\u00f4n)<\/h5>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n (Sravaka), \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c (Pratyekabudha – Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c), B\u1ed3 – T\u00e1t hay Ph\u1eadt (Bodhisattva, or Samyaksamboddha), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 kinh l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Thanh V\u0103n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed hay t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, tuy ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c tha. Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp Ph\u1eadt. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ba h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n, tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia Th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy t\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau khi Ph\u1eadp nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00ec s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t chi li v\u1ec1 La H\u00e1n (Thanh V\u0103n) d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Tam Th\u1eeba sai bi\u1ec7t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Ph\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1c tha, l\u1ee3i tha l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh vi tinh ti\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, l\u1ee3i tha l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t). \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee3i tha, cho n\u00ean so v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Ph\u1eadt-th\u1eeba) l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba) c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (Thanh V\u0103n) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua: ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba tuy kh\u00f4ng coi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0: Tam Th\u1eeba sai bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o dung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0? Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1m chia th\u00e0nh Tam Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt-th\u1eeba? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa Tam Th\u1eeba v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o dung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p-Hoa (l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t- Nh\u00e3, Hoa-Nghi\u00eam, Duy-Ma l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u) c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tranh lu\u1eadn nhau v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean chia l\u00e0m hai: m\u00e0 ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tuy c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao xa, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. C\u00f2n gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tuy chi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba d\u00e8m ch\u00ea l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p-Hoa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Thanh-V\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1o: \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. M\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edch-M\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Song l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Tam Th\u1eeba: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thanh V\u0103n Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i T\u1ee9-\u0110\u1ebf, v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed9c-Gi\u00e1c (Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c) n\u00f3i 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean: v\u1edbi B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00f3i L\u1ee5c-\u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, v\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chia ra \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ngay s\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd sinh ra nghi ng\u1edd m\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e1p-Hoa c\u0169ng c\u00f2n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i l\u00fd do thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Sau khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 21 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 xem c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111em c\u00e1i ma Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00f3i cho m\u1ecdi ngu\u1eddi nghe kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u00ean nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ngay. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i b\u1ed7ng h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i h\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ecb n\u00e0o ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i Tam Th\u1eeba. Song b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-Ph\u1eadt-Th\u1eeba, Tam-Th\u1eeba ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1eaft d\u1eabn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (Ph\u1ea9m-Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-Ti\u1ec7n). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa h\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u00e0 T\u00edch M\u00f4n trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ee5 “Nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ba xe” trong ph\u1ea9m Th\u00ed-D\u1ee5. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u l\u0169 con ngu d\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u00e1y, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u1ed5 xe d\u00ea, xe h\u01b0\u01a1u v\u00e0 xe tr\u00e2u ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c l\u0169 con mau ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 th\u00ec \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00fang xe nh\u1ecf do d\u00ea v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1u keo m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 xe l\u1edbn do m\u1ed9t con b\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0u (tr\u00e2u tr\u1eafng) k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u vui m\u1eebng. Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 cho b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang sinh ngu d\u1ea1i, c\u1ee9u ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda ba c\u00f5i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o Tam-Th\u1eeba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u00fang sinh mau ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 l\u1eeda ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean-Gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t-Th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-Th\u1eeba ( b\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u00e0 co\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0: ” Ba c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, ch\u00fang sinh trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con ta, nh\u01b0ng nay ba c\u00f5i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 d\u1ee5: ” Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edfng-gi\u1ea3” trong ph\u1ea9m T\u00edn-Gi\u1ea3i. G\u00e3 n\u1ecd v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ham m\u00ea th\u00fa giang h\u1ed3, nay \u0111\u00e2y mai \u0111\u00f3, l\u00ea g\u00f3t kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edfng-gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. Sau d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cha v\u00e0 l\u00e2u l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Tr\u01b0\u1edfng-gi\u1ea3, sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a cha (trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y).
\nTh\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 d\u1ee5: “M\u01b0a v\u1edbi c\u00e2y c\u1ecf” trong ph\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u1ee3c-Th\u1ea3o-D\u1ee5. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00e2y c\u1ecf l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng: tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0ng trong v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt tu\u00f4n xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn ph\u00e1p v\u0169 tuy tr\u00e0n lan, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i Tam-Th\u1eeba khu bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5 “Ho\u00e1-th\u00e0nh” trong ph\u1ea9m H\u00f3a-Th\u00e0nh-D\u1ee5. T\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 500 do tu\u1ea7n tuy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a kinh th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, e r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ch\u00e1n n\u00e3n m\u00e0 tho\u00e1i ch\u00ed, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3n 300 do tu\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a H\u00f3a-th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m ngh\u0129 ng\u01a1i r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ecba (deatination) ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i 500 do tu\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, tuy l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt-th\u1eeba t\u1ea1i 500 do tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3i Thanh-V\u0103n-th\u1eeba t\u1ea1i 300 do tu\u1ea7n (\u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c t\u1ea1i 400 do tu\u1ea7n) r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t-th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-th\u1eeba t\u1ea1i 500 do tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o d\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00fd ch\u1ec9 Tam-Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch Tam Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho Thanh-V\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i, gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i Thanh-V\u0103n \u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i Thanh-V\u0103n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 ” th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt-Th\u1eeba r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy c\u00f3 cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p-Hoa m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u00fac th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p-Hoa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa tuy v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c ” h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh”, nh\u01b0ng trong Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea7m \u00fd ch\u1ee9a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c. Theo kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec “trong Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba” (th\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trung, duy h\u1eefu Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1eeba ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 tam), cho n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh, trong c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n nghe kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa (giai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt lu\u1eadn).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec7t \u0110\u0103ng Minh \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ph\u1ea9m H\u00f3a Th\u00e0nh D\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n nay Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi con th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng Tr\u00ed Th\u1eafng (t\u1ee9c nay l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca), sau khi nghe kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa t\u1eeb c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a cha, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e3i qua bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp tu \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nay m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft m\u1ed1i duy\u00ean Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh v\u1eady. M\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp xa x\u01b0a \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Nh\u1ea5t, M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, Ca Di\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Thanh-V\u0103n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean b\u1eb5ng \u0111i c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt-Th\u1eeba, t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, c\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kia, t\u1ef1 qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 sa v\u00e0o c\u0103n t\u00ednh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang s\u1eb5n trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u1ee9 than kh\u00f3c cho s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u01b0\u1edfng, Ph\u00e1p-Hoa cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Thanh-V\u0103n, song cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00fac “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt” l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1c. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh, do nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9?( \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gieo h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt (Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee7ng), cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa T\u00edch M\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt (khai Tam hi\u1ec3n Nh\u1ea5t), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho h\u00e0ng Thanh-V\u0103n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 “th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t. Trong kinh Duy Ma th\u00ec \u00f4ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thanh-V\u0103n b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng “b\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee7ng” (d\u1ee9t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa trong ph\u1ea9n Th\u00ed D\u1ee5 th\u00ec X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee5 k\u00fd ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 sau: tr\u00e3i qua tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ki\u1ebfp sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Hoa Quang Nh\u01b0-Lai (Padmaprabha), l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ly C\u1ea5u (Viraj\u00e0) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt thanh t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ee5 K\u00fd th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp (n\u01b0\u1edbc Quang \u0110\u1ee9c, Quang Minh Nh\u01b0-Lai), r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 (n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ea3o Sinh, Danh T\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u01b0-Lai), \u0110\u1ea1i Ca Chi\u00ean Di\u00ean (n\u01b0\u1edbc Di\u00eam Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ec1, Kim Quang Nh\u01b0-Lai), \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec7n Li\u00ean (n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Ma la b\u1ea1t, Chi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0-Lai). R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Ph\u00fa L\u00e2n Na, ngo\u00e0i ra 1200 v\u1ecb Thanh-V\u0103n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 k\u00fd. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee5 k\u00fd ri\u00eang cho b\u1ecdn \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Ki\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. R\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi A Nan, la h\u1ea7u La cho \u0111\u1ebfn 2000 v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, trong kinh duy Ma h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng Thanh-V\u0103n b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee9t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec nay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p -Hoa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u t\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u1edf ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p-S\u01b0 th\u1ee9 10.<\/p>\n

Song, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 Nh\u1ecb-Th\u1eeba n\u00ean ng\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed1i c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ecb-Th\u1eeba ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ecf, c\u00e2y, qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 T\u1ef7-Kh\u01b0u-Ni c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Thanh v\u0103n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean b\u1eb5ng h\u1ecd \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc g\u00ec t\u1edbi c\u1ea3, b\u1edf th\u1ebf h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t an. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0-\u0110\u1ea1t-\u0110a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m Khuy\u1ebfn Tr\u00ec ch\u0103ng? Trong ph\u1ea9m Khuy\u1ebfn-Tr\u00ec, Ma-Ha-Ba-X\u00e0-Ba-\u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 Da-Du-\u0110\u00e0-La, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho h\u00e0ng T\u1ef7-Kh\u01b0u-Ni, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee5 k\u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0-\u0110\u1ea1t-\u0110a, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0-\u0110\u1ea1t-\u0110a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c \u00e1c, song v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u1edbi kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0-lai. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0ng Long N\u1eef m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh con trai m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi V\u00f4 C\u1ea5u. Hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u n\u1eef th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd “h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh sau n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt”. Duy \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u00e0: theo ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n, khi Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa c\u00f3 5000 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n T\u1ef7-Kh\u01b0u b\u1ecf ph\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111i ra, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ra sao? Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft. Trong kinh T\u01b0-\u00cdch Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed h\u1ecd c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00eca ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd xa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n xa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o xa n\u1ed5i. Cho n\u00ean 5000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tuy c\u00f3 b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n trong m\u00f4n n\u1ed9i” (kinh T\u01b0-\u00edch, ph\u1ea9m H\u00e0nh-\u0110\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t t\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i “ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ra sao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n. C\u1ef1c \u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec1-B\u00e0-\u0110\u1ea1t-\u0110a m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec 5000 T\u1ef7-kh\u01b0u kia v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat khi\u00eau m\u1ea1n m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t t\u1ecbch, ta tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ed3i ti\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u0103ng-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-m\u1ea1n T\u1ef7-Kh\u01b0u th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y hoang mang, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u00edch-M\u00f4n sau v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt m\u00e0 Tam Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1)_Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2)_Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u1eady, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, c\u1ef1c \u00fd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

3)_V\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c nhau, mu\u1ed1n d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung, h\u1ea1 c\u0103n n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

4)_T\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang sinh l\u0103n l\u1ed9n trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u1eady trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i d\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe qua \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a-ch\u1ee7ng-t\u1eed n\u00ean m\u1edb chia ra c\u00f3 ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 Tam-Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

5)_ Do s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u01a1 duy\u00ean \u1ea5y m\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-Hoa n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t-Th\u1eeba ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00fac th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P V\u0128NH VI\u1ec4N.\u00a0(T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n M\u00f4n).<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00e3 gieo h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt \u1edf c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tuy \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o cho c\u00fang sinh bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, song n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u1eady Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai ph\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed cho v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ngch\u00fang sinh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00fac 80 tu\u1ed5i, duy ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00ec khong c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u1eefa. Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: ch\u00fang sinh trong h\u1ed9i Linh S\u01a1n l\u00fac c\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang sinh sau th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, tuy c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i th\u00ec li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed9i Linh S\u01a1n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft “Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng” l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbu d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m T\u00f2ng-\u0110\u1ecba-D\u0169ng-Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 15, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m Ki\u1ebfn-B\u1ea3o-Th\u00e1p th\u1ee9 11. V\u1eabn n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng: M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y n\u00fai Linh-Th\u1ee9u l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m; c\u00f2n t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m Ki\u1ebfn-B\u1ea3o-Th\u00e1p tr\u1edf \u0111i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean do c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung (T\u00edch-M\u00f4n l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho n\u00ean, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m hay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00f2n B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i c\u01a1, cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng trung b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i). M\u00e0 B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m D\u0169ng-Xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1ed5-M\u00f4n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o-Hoa, v\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1p-\u0110a-B\u1ea3o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh m\u00e0 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1p \u0111a b\u1ea3o (Prabhutaranastupa) nguy\u00ean do \u1edf th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, trong n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1ea3o-T\u1ecbnh (Ratnavisuddhaksetra) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0110a-B\u1ea3o (Prabhutaratna) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o, tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nay, khi Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca \u0111ang n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o c\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, r\u1ed3i l\u01a1 l\u0169ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung v\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong th\u00e1p v\u1ecdng ra ti\u1ebfng khen ng\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng:” Hay l\u1eafm thay! Hay l\u1eafm thay! \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf-T\u00f4n Th\u00edch-Ca M\u00e2u-Ni!”. R\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho Ph\u1eadt \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Theo kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec7t \u0110\u0103ng Minh hay Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng Tr\u00ed Th\u1eafng \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tuy \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng nay ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p-Hoa hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n n\u1eb1m trong th\u00e1p X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt-Th\u00edch-Ca tuy c\u0169ng th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a nay m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0110a-B\u1ea3o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-th\u00e2n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, Ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c, khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110a-B\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng m\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n va thuy\u1ebft minh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p trong ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0-Lai-Th\u1ecd-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 16 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n M\u00f4n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca gi\u00e1ng sinh v\u00e0o gi\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch. Xu\u1ea5t gia tu \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e0-Da m\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i. Song \u1edf ph\u1ea9m H\u00f3a-Th\u00e0nh-D\u1ee5 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i khi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con th\u1ee9 16 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i-Th\u00f4ng-Tr\u00ed-Th\u1eafng, ho\u1eb7c theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nhi\u00ean-\u0110\u0103ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ed t\u00e2m \u1edf Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ed t\u00e2m \u1edf B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ea5t duy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt th\u00ec Nh\u01b0-Lai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u00fac 80 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o cho ch\u00fang sinh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea5p r\u00fat ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai Linh-Th\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1edd th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba trong s\u1ea1ch, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e3n t\u00fac ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i n\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u00e0 nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0-lai-Th\u1ecd-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o hay \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u1ee5 k\u00fd cho. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i truy c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lich s\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch sinh l\u00fd v\u0129nh t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 Ph\u00e1p-Th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 gi\u1eefa B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n v\u00e0 Th\u00edch-M\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u1ede T\u00edch M\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i-Th\u00f4ng-Tr\u00ed-Th\u1eafng-Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n tu h\u00e0nh B\u00e1o-Th\u00e2n-Ph\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c B\u00e1o Th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p-Th\u00e2n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u0129ng ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e2u “th\u00e0nh ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u xa; c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thanh t\u1ecbnh, an \u1ed5n, tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e3n t\u00fac” \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p-Th\u00e2n ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hoa-Nghi\u00eam ( ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt-Qu\u1ed1c trong kinh Duy Ma c\u0169ng th\u1ebf ), \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eady, duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt-Qu\u1ed1c kinh Duy-Ma, v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, ch\u01b0a ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd-l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh, h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kinh V\u00f4-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

Song , n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n quan m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u00edch M\u00f4n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 che d\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 suy c\u1ee9u m\u00e3i l\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u xa r\u1ed3i” Ch\u1eb3ng qua chung c\u1ee5c v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e1p t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110em v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0-lai-t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 hai kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n: Kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kinh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. \u1ede l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, tuy Ph\u00e1p-Hoa ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u hy v\u1ecdng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U:\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0O B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T: PH\u00c1P TH\u00c2N HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee4 TH\u1ec2.\u00a0(L\u1ea5y kinh Quan \u00c2m l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m)<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho Ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 “Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u00ed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Ma mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i s\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Do s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7v Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu h\u00f3a ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec xa l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadn ch\u00fang sinh n\u00ean th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n tu ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba n\u00ean t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y qua ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fanh sinh: Ch\u00fang sinh tu h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hay Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t v\u1eady. T\u1ef1u trung, c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba, tuy l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng trong B\u1ea3n-M\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa , \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t kinh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Sadaribhuta) v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Bhaisajvaraja). C\u00e1i t\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t Khinh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng theo kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn g\u1eb7p ai trong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i to l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: “Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u00f4i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m khinh Ng\u00e0i”. N\u00f3i xong r\u1ed3i ch\u1eafp lay l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u h\u1ecd, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng th\u1eadm t\u1ec7, c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp n\u1eefa, Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ed1 kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1i t\u00ean Th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t khinh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t Khinh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn D\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p. V\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00e0y, \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec7t T\u1ecbnh Minh \u0110\u1ee9c tu theo Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i (Sarvasattva-vapriyadarsana) V\u00ec n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t D\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ec7n Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft S\u1eafc Th\u00e2n Tam Mu\u1ed9i (Sarvarupasamdarsna samadhi). Tam Mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y th\u1eadt y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7u \u00c2m hay Quan \u00c2m v\u1eady, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c Tam Mu\u1ed9i do th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Khi t\u00f4n s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt Nguy\u1ec7t T\u1ecbnh Minh \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o \u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba trong Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t D\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kinh l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u00fd chung c\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 Tam Mu\u1ed9i ” Hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft s\u1eafc ph\u00e2n”, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t huy \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u \u00c2m v\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m nh\u01b0 trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Di\u1ec7u \u00e2m (gadgadasvara) v\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m (Avalokitesvara) l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, c\u00f9ng do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c “hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft s\u1eafc th\u00e2n” m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i tuy hai nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, theo kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa th\u00ec Di\u00eau \u00c2m l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh Quang Nghi\u00eam Trang v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Sa b\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 sinh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Quan \u00c2m, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng theo Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Sa B\u00e0 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, so v\u1edbi Di\u1ec7u \u00c2m th\u00ec Quan \u00c2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i phong \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy Ma; c\u00e1i phong \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u1edf ph\u1ea9m Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Quan \u00c2m hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Song l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u00f3 phong \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 sinh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c, r\u1ed3i do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u \u00c2m v\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

Theo C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp th\u00ec th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n ra 33 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 sinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Quan \u00c2m. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba th\u00e2n l\u00e0: Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n, B\u00edch chi Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n, Thanh-V\u0103n th\u00e2n, Ph\u1ea1m V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch th\u00e2n, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean th\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean th\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u00e2n th\u00e2n, K\u1ef3 Sa M\u00f4n Thi\u00ean th\u00e2n, Ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1ea3, C\u01b0 S\u0129 th\u00e2n, T\u1ec3 Quan th\u00e2n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u00e2n, T\u1ef7 Kh\u01b0u th\u00e2n, T\u1ef7 Kh\u01b0u Ni th\u00e2n, \u01afu B\u00e0 T\u1eafc th\u00e2n, \u01afu B\u00e0 Di th\u00e2n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ed3ng Nam th\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u1eef th\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean th\u00e2n, Long th\u00e2n, D\u1ea1 Xoa th\u00e2n, C\u00e0n Th\u00e1c B\u00e0 th\u00e2n, A Tu La th\u00e2n, Ca L\u00e2u Na th\u00e2n, Kh\u1ea9n La Na th\u00e2n, Ma H\u1ea7u La Gi\u00e0 th\u00e2n, Ch\u1ea5p Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n th\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111em quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh 33 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp. Trong b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p-Hoa b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 16 th\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, Thanh -V\u0103n, Ph\u1ea1n Th\u00e2n (Brahmarupa), \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch (Sakra), C\u00e0n Th\u00e1t B\u00e0 (Sandharva), D\u1ea1 Xoa (Yaksa), T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean (Isvara), \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean (Maheisvara), Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Cakravartin), Qu\u1ef7 Th\u1ea7n (Pisaca), T\u1ef3 Sa M\u00f4n (Vaisravana), T\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u00e2n (Sensapati), B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n (Brahmana), Ch\u1ea5p Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng (Vajrapani), m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ec3 T\u01b0\u1edbng, C\u01b0 s\u0129, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1ea3, A Tu La, Kh\u1ea9n Na La, Ma H\u1ea7u La Gia v. v. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111em quy k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Quan \u00c2m th\u00e0nh 33 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, c\u1ee9 theo Ph\u1ed5 M\u00f4n (Samahamukha) th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9 sinh c\u1ee7a Quan \u00c2m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o (\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee7 Quan \u00c2m, v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7u Quan \u00c2m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3).<\/p>\n

M\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 sinh c\u1ee7a Quan \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con, c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a, r\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa tai, gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp v.v ., t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 Quan \u00c2m. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho kinh Qua \u00c2m r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Song \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p-Hoa m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 coi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cho Quan \u00c2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u00f3c h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddnng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu h\u00f3a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n quan th\u1ebf gian. Quan \u00c2m tuy hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o th\u00ec Quan \u00c2m ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd “Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u” m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd “Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u” \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i th\u00e2m \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec kinh Quan \u00c2m c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, t\u1eeb “Khai Tam Hi\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t” ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n “th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u”, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gian, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p- Hoa, \u0111\u1ebfn kinh Quan \u00c2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

THI\u00caN TH\u1ee8 BA: \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O TH\u1ef0C TI\u1ec4N LU\u1eacN<\/h3>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: \u00dd\u064d NGH\u0128A \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: G\u1ee2I \u0110\u1ec0.<\/h5>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eadm m\u00e0u lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 “Ch\u01b0\u00a0\u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u00e1c, ch\u00fang thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh; T\u1ef1 tinh k\u1ef3 \u00fd, Th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o” r\u1ed3i n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 h\u00f2a kh\u00ed trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y d\u00e3y trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao th\u00e2m, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Vua A-D\u1ee5c (Ashoka) sau khi quy Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u00f4ng qua Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m-qu\u00fd, (l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m) v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tu thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0nh \u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Song, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh l\u00e1nh d\u1eef, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u1eb3n m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. M\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sau khi \u0111\u00e3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 ly c\u1ea3. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba hay \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7c tuy ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb phi thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao kia m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t huy Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tuy c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i , nh\u01b0ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 ra sao? V\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gieo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng: c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y-Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: t\u1eeb x\u01b0a trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi (Kathvatthu XXIII,3) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.
\nPh\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, tuy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0: nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, hay v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00e1i h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u do h\u1eadu th\u1ebf th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do \u0111\u1eddi sau, th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u1eb3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hay l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0\u00dd NGH\u0128A \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O NGUY\u00caN TH\u1ee6Y.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y l\u1eadp theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n minh. Th\u1ea7n minh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, cho n\u00ean nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i do th\u1ea7n minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, b\u1edfi v\u1eady ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn c\u00fa xem trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. Theo t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean ba c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau:<\/p>\n

1) Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c: l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o x\u1ea5u. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

2) t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh. Khi m\u00ecnh g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m vui m\u1eebng, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c r\u1ee7i ro m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5; c\u1ee9 l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 suy di\u1ec5n ra th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd g\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 bu\u1ed3n cho ai n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh”, hay ” \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh”.<\/p>\n

3) V\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (quan h\u1ec7) n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 tr\u00ec gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u1ebf gi\u1edb (xin xem Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn).<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 Lu\u1eadn l\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, cho c\u00e1i ta l\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ecdi ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ng\u00e3-th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4-ng\u00e3. Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i cao.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a va gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y hai l\u1edbp quan h\u1ec7:
\n1) \u00dd ngh\u0129a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
\n2) \u00dd ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.
\n\u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n qua v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

1) \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tu Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: do Thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh Nhi\u1ebfp-t\u00e2m m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m. \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e1nh \u00e1c. M\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do tham, s\u00e2n, si, l\u1ea5y ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trung t\u00e2m. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m \u00e1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00e1nh \u00e1c, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u1ea3 ly ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, tuy kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 (theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gian), nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169-Gi\u1edbi, Th\u1eadp-Thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh hay ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi t\u00e2m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Song, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e1nh \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi “\u0111\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n” ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb3n h\u1ebft ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft ng\u00e3 -ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p ngay gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1edfi m\u1edf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u01b0u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 lu\u1eadn (\u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i) ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0m ng\u1ee5 c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n tu thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u00e0ng ph\u1eadt t\u1eed v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n. Tuy n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t trong ph\u1ea1m vi D\u1ee5c-gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y “d\u1ee5c” l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n (n\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ngh\u1eef l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu thi\u1ec7n) C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tuy l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i coi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd “thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3, \u00e1c nh\u00e2n, \u00e1c qu\u1ea3) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tu thi\u1ec7n; ng\u1eeba \u00e1c , ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd \u1ea5y. D\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n tuy l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hy sinh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p suy ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb phi, thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-La-M\u00f4n-Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Von hartmanni chia gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1- nhi\u00ean-Th\u00e1i, th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o-\u0111\u1ee9c-th\u00e1i, th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 si\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o-\u0111\u1ee9c-th\u00e1i. M\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn si\u00eau-\u0111\u1ea1o-\u0111\u1ee9c-th\u00e1i th\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ( Echische Studien 1898). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t l\u00fd th\u00fa l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u00ean c\u0169nng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft minh c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 V\u00f4-minh hay kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i, n\u00f3i theo ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e1 ph\u00e0m phu ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c.D\u0129 nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 tuy l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c mong c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Th\u00e1i. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4-ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e1i. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c n\u1eefa, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m hay \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi d\u00f3 l\u00e0 si\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o-\u0111\u1ee9c-th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Von Hartmanni tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9 h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh Tam h\u1ecdc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c), \u0110\u1ecbnh (nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m) v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n . \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2) \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, v\u00ec l\u1ebd c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1eefa, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 La H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 kinh l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u1ee7y-T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 trong b\u1ed1n mu\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e3i l\u1eaby gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0: t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1edf x\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1i t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 M\u00e2u-Ni c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong c\u1ea3nh th\u00e2m u t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, tuy c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng M\u00e2u-Ni, song th\u1eadt th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb M\u00e2u-Ni ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n-tu\u1eabn tr\u1ea7m m\u1eb7c, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 M\u00e2u-Ni t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1edf x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong kho\u1ea3ng 45 n\u0103m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0n c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1i c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec l\u00fac ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong 45 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n tham gia vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0103n xin: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn si\u00eau-t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t); c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb si\u00eau-t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Song tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, d\u00f9 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4-ng\u00e3: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i cao t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7, ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau khi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA GI\u00c1O T\u1ed4NG H\u1ee2P.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu coi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1) N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

2) Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh.<\/p>\n

3) S\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

4) H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp v\u00f4-d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n m\u00e0 sau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n_m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p_\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o cho l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y si\u00eau tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, tuy l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft minh \u00fd ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i gia h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khu bi\u1ec7t g\u1eefa Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec: Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda sau nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n chuy\u00ean c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba chuy\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t_ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o_ l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc phong, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u00edch bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111em ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Do \u0111o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, tuy c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ii chung k\u1ebft Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n sau khi ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 minh khi c\u00f2n m\u00ea? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng (xem l\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n).<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0CH\u00c2N KH\u00d4NG DI\u1ec6U H\u1eeeU.<\/h5>\n

T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 tu\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. M\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh sung th\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ng\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00ean quan h\u1ec7, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ly c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ra (Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu). \u0110\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan tuy hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat t\u1ec9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu tuy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y_m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c_theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, n\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Theo B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu h\u1ea1nh L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 trong L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed), \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh (tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi), nh\u1eadn n\u1ea1i, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v.v. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf d\u0129 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 thay v\u00ec ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, th\u00ec tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec tuy n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hy sinh t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 nh\u1eafm c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y may th\u00f4i, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c B\u1ed1-th\u00ed Ba-la-m\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, m\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Tam-lu\u00e2n-th\u1ec3-kh\u00f4ng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh cho; coi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 n\u00ean l\u00e0m, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. M\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n- Kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Tam-lu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u- H\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. V\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 duy\u00ean t\u1eeb bi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i “\u01afng v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5 nhi sinh k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m” ch\u1eb3ng qua qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ecbnh-\u0110\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Phi\u1ebfm-thu\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 sau ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00f4i: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m-v\u00f4-s\u1edf-\u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9ng”. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo tinh th\u1ea7n Tam-lu\u00e2n-th\u1ec3-kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111em dung h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ban h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o cho tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u1ed1n th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ( xem l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t- Nh\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0B\u1ea4T TR\u1ee4 NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N.<\/h5>\n

Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3 tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n quan \u1edf b\u00ean kia? \u1ede tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: H\u1eefu D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, v\u00e0 V\u00f4-D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. H\u1eefu- D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi; V\u00f4-D\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb sau khi ch\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u chi ph\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi. Song \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. V\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n quan tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n quan \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n quan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ngh\u0129a: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n (Apratis thitanirvana).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n tuy l\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 \u1edf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, tr\u1ee5 \u1edf sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh danh B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft – B\u00e0n. Tr\u00ean v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn; danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c kinh Gi\u1ea3i-Th\u00e2m-M\u1eadt v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp-L\u0103ng-Gi\u00e0, v.v\u2026 D\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, nh\u01b0ng danh t\u1eeb B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00e1t sinh sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u01b0-Lai-t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n- Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1i Duy-Th\u1ee9c, ngo\u00e0i H\u1eefu D\u01b0 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 D\u01b0, th\u00eam t\u1ef1 sinh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n (t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft- B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tuy \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i,nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Tuy l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a V\u00f4-D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111em s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 h\u00f3a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i sinh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v.v\u2026 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c \u1edf ng\u1eeboi xu\u1ea5t gia, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng ngay gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 dung h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U: K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Sau \u0111\u00e2y xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

1) L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt G\u00edao, d\u00f9 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi, b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi. M\u00e0 si\u00eau bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi hay b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n gi\u1edbi tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

2) \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

3) Tuy gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f9ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

4) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1. H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e2m mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c “h\u1eefu s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc” (c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi si\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean qua si\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c “v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc” (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e2m mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c v\u00e0 xa v\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n (hay B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5 sinh t\u1eed) v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n

5) Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0-lai- t\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 v.v\u2026 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, tuy l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5p-ng\u00e3, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Do s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c khai tri\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5 -Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

6) C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

7) T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt chyu\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng khung trong quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00e2t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao minh ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 HAI: QUAN NI\u1ec6M V\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u1edaI T\u1ef0 DO \u00dd CH\u00cd<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0PH\u1ea0M VI C\u1ee6A V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0.<\/h5>\n

Trong khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. T\u1ef1u trung, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0 c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee5c “Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i” trong cu\u1ed1n “Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn”, (thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0). L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 C\u1ef1c \u0110oan Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadt (Deter minism) v\u00e0 T\u1ea5t Nhi\u00ean Lu\u1eadt (Necesssita-rianism). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00eau ra l\u00e0: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do? V\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f2n khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i xin n\u00eau ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao minh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7nn ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh quan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd quan. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn trong Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c (tanha) l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c (bhava tabha) l\u00e0m c\u00e1i h\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c (kama\u00a0tanha), ph\u1ed3n vinh d\u1ee5c (vibhava tanha) l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o cho s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 Schopenhauer g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u00fd ch\u00ed m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng” ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i “\u00fd ch\u00ed m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00f4 minh” \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 S\u1eafc (c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh), Th\u1ee5 (c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh), T\u01b0\u1edfng (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), H\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (ng\u1ed9 t\u00ednh, l\u00fd t\u00ednh). T\u1ef1u trung, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 khai tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch sinh t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, cho n\u00ean Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1ea5y. Thuy\u1ebft “Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u00fd ch\u00ed” c\u1ee7a Schopenhauer ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u1eadt, trong s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1eafc n\u00e0o ng\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec: nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c hay v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec1u ghi l\u1ea1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ta m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, do t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m l\u00fd. \u00c1-L\u00fd-S\u0129-\u0110a-\u0110\u1ee9c (?) n\u00f3i do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 sinh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, c\u00f2n Schopenhauer th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i do t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ta, tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eef cho ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eady. C\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc th\u00eam b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3i theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n theo hai l\u1edbp: m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 h\u1ecda ph\u00fac. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. M\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefnh \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, h\u1ecda, ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ecf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean sai v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t (xin xem Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn, thi\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, m\u1ee5c Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta th\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau, tuy do \u1edf s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4-th\u1ee7y ki\u1ebfp n\u00f3 xui nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y theo sinh m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh ra c\u00f3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u1edf l\u00ean , th\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u00e0o? Sau khi kh\u1ea3o l\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean-thi\u00ean. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean-thi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft “T\u00fac-T\u00e1c-Nh\u00e2n-Lu\u00e2n (Pubha_Katahetu_Vada)”, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do. C\u00f2n t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb lai th\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n B\u1ed9 (Rajagirika), Ngh\u0129a-Th\u00e0nh-B\u1ed9(Saddhatthika)…ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: “h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do \u1edf nghi\u1ec7p_Sabbamidam Kammatoti” (Katha Vatthu XVII, b\u00e0 ), quy k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ef1c \u0111oan quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn, V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ed9 Trung A H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 ba, \u0110\u1ed9 Kinh (Anguttara IP. In 3), \u0111\u01b0a ra thy\u1ebft ba lo\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i x\u00edch, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn, c\u00f2n loa\u1ecb kia ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u00fd lu\u1eadn (Isssranimmanahe tuvada), cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n \u00fd . Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 di \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n \u00fd ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea7m thao t\u00fang. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u00fac-Nghi\u1ec7p lu\u1eadn (Pubha Kata heda vada), m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7n \u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y d\u1ec1u do ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1c. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 trong kinh Sa M\u00f4n Qu\u1ea3 (Samann Phala Sutta) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i l\u1ee5c s\u01b0 , trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ma Ha Ly. C\u00f9 X\u00e0 La (Makkhali Gosala) ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi . \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t phi l\u00fd , b\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1c. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xem trong T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n p\u00e3li (Samyutta Mikaya, IV, pp 230_231), c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi B\u00e0 Ca (Moli yasivaca) ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ed5 vui \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111em \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi ph\u1eadt; Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, tuy m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu thi\u00ean g\u00e2y n\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 minh b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa , d\u00f9 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i sau n\u00e0y, Tuy V\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n B\u1ed9, Ngh\u0129a Th\u00e0nh B\u1ed9, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00fac M\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn , nh\u01b0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-To\u1ea1-B\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng coi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (Kattha Vatthu) , trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 trong D\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4n Lu\u00e2n lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: “trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5p thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i-Ch\u00fang-B\u1ed9, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra cho m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u do m\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh” \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Trung Hoa, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, tuy c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng theo s\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 vui m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ed5 vui c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n chia ra m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eeba m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Thi-B\u00e0-Ca \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00dd-ch\u00ed-lu\u1eadn th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ta m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tuy do nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng-S\u01a1n-B\u1ed9, Ngh\u0129a-Th\u00e0nh-B\u1ed9, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1-Do-Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e1c-d\u1ee5ng-lu\u1eadn (Ahamiryavado), N\u1ed7-l\u1ef1c-lu\u1eadn (Ahamviryavado). Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1-do-lu\u1eadn, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 cho t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00fac-nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p c\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft T\u1ef1-do, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec e ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Song n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 suy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft trung \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. Trong thuy\u1ebft trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb r\u1ed3i. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady -kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft minh b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, khi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u01a1 qua v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7p-Lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00dd-ch\u00ed t\u1ef1-do. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00edm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hay kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t ti\u00ean thi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu thi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0C\u0102N C\u1ee8 C\u1ee6A T\u00cdNH C\u00c1CH V\u00c0 \u00dd CH\u00cd T\u1ef0 DO.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i qua l\u1ea1i hai t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, thep Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 khai tri\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Trong 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 minh (\u00fd ch\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n), h\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed), th\u1ee9c (ch\u1ee7 quan), danh s\u1eafc (kh\u00e1ch quan) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: th\u1ee5 (c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh), t\u01b0\u1edfng (bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), h\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed), th\u1ee9c (ng\u1ed9 t\u00ednh, l\u00fd t\u00ednh) \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Trong 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u00fd ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi \u00fd ch\u00ed (h\u00e0nh)”. Song \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u00ean thi\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ed, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu thi\u00ean. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u1ee9c tuy \u1edf sau h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n h\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3pc th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u00e0nh. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Song, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e2u. Khi m\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u00ean thi\u00ean kh\u00ed ch\u00e2t, chi ph\u1ed1i; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u, cao \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00ean thi\u00ean. C\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do \u00fd ch\u00ed trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec: th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang theo nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00ed ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, c\u00f2n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu thi\u00ean cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA V\u1edaI NH\u1eeeNG QUAN NI\u1ec6M \u1ede TR\u00caN.<\/h5>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00f3m t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi ta sinh ra v\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Song c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u00fd ch\u00ed, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u00fd d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sinh s\u1ed1ng, th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u00fd ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Song khi \u0111em s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y chi\u1ebfu theo quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp b\u1ecb lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tho\u00e1t ly c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tu \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3i cho r\u00f5 h\u01a1n: Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi ch\u1ebft? B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 V\u00f4-D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. C\u00f2n theo \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb 35 tu\u1ed5i sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn 80 tu\u1ed5i khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, tuy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (xem nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn, 449). Song \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: khi l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u1edf ngay trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eafc Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai quy t\u1eafc Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ed5ng? N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 quan c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n t\u1ed1i cao, v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec quy t\u1eafc Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy t\u1eafc Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. Tuy l\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ec1n c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, cho n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u1edf y\u00ean trong Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 gi\u1eefa t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n.
\n\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy n\u00f3i sinh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn m\u00e3i, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tu \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i “Tu \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i” ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd \u1ea5y. M\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi B\u1ea5t-Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n th\u00ec T\u1ef1-do lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 BA: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A T\u01af L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A THA L\u1ef0C<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 THA L\u1ef0C C\u1ee6A NG\u1eccAI GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

S\u1ef1 an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay do m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 c\u00f3? V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn lao. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn qua c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ta th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c; c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y), k\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o (Jainism)….\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Song, th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00ec t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, tha l\u1ef1c, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1eadp nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft th\u00ec: Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c l\u1eabn tha l\u1ef1c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 .Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta th\u1eed quan s\u00e1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c: s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gia T\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Gia T\u00f4 .Song \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u00ec th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. Quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ee9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n . \u1ede m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf . D\u0129 nhi\u00ean. \u1ede v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 hai truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7p d\u1ed3ng lu\u1eadn (Synergisme). Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 l\u1ef1 . M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i L\u1ea1t-Ma-N\u00f4-Ca (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch) t\u1ea1i Nam, B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, tuy c\u00f9ng mong c\u1ea7u \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n T\u1ef3-N\u1eefu-Noa (Vis-nu) nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng . Ph\u00e1i Nam-Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (tengaila) ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e8o m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e8o con v\u1eady , ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e8o con kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 m\u00e8o m\u1eb9 v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 tha ch\u00fang \u0111i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed5 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cho l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng . C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ec7nh danh cho ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mi\u00eau-Thuy\u1ebft (MarjaraNyaya _ Thuy\u1ebft con m\u00e8o). C\u00f2n ph\u00e1i B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (Vadagala) th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf tuy v\u00ec l\u00f2ng b\u00e1c \u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u1edbi mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i , c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con v\u01b0\u1ee3n con \u00f4m l\u1ea5y b\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf hay di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed5 an to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i ta m\u1ec7nh danh cho ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Vi\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft (Mar kata Nyaya_ Thuy\u1ebft con v\u01b0\u1ee3n ). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Mi\u00eau thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tha l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n Vi\u00ean thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n-nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng (Synergisme) c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u1eady: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb .<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0S\u1ef0 TRI\u1ec2N KHAI C\u1ee6A THUY\u1ebeT T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 THA L\u1ef0C TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n-C\u00e1ch-Th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y “T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p \u0111u\u1ed1c l\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111i” v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp th\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tha l\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec n\u1ea3y sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-ch\u00fang-b\u1ed9) cho n\u00ean trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i tranh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1i Du-Gi\u00e0 (Yoga) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn (Samkhya). Ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 Lu\u1eadn mu\u1ed1n do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t an vui, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i Du Gi\u00e0 ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u s\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 tr\u00ec gia h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Xem hai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu \u0111em v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n, k\u00e9m gi\u1eefa T\u1ef1-l\u1ef1c-th\u00e1nh-\u0111\u1ea1o-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 Tha-l\u1ef1c-t\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4n trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, trong m\u1ed9t tru\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed9i n\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ta, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 khai tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, cho n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sinh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy c\u0169ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh: c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tha l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ph\u1eadt Di-\u0110\u00e0, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft ch\u00fang sinh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n hay c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n k\u00e9m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng, Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tha l\u1ef1c t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4n; c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o; c\u00f2n Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng “tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ki\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ” cho n\u00ean quy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c: c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xin mi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n t\u1edbi. Khi n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 theo ch\u1ed5 t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c tha l\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Trong t\u1ef1 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 tha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i trong tha bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 danh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean chia c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tha. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec \u00edt ra ta ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i khi n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T H\u1eccAT \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A SINH M\u1ec6NH.<\/h5>\n

Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Song, mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u1edf \u00fd ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Schopenhauer. Song, c\u00e1i \u00fd ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 minh; n\u00f3i theo Schopenhauer th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd manh m\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo ba khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3i theo Ph\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y sinh t\u1ed3n d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 danh l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5c (b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ), t\u00ednh d\u1ee5c (b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c), du h\u00fd d\u1ee5c (t\u1ef1 do). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c hay v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ba c\u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng? Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 tuy l\u00e0 manh m\u1ee5c (m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng), nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng khai tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i do h\u00e0nh (\u00fd ch\u00ed) m\u00e0 sinh th\u1ee9c, Schopenhauer n\u00f3i do \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u00ednh trong \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1t d\u1ee5c; nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec, k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec, k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Ta h\u00e3y t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n” ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 “sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i” \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0Y\u00caU C\u1ea6U V\u00d4 H\u1ea0N SINH M\u1ec6NH V\u1edaI \u00dd TH\u1ee8C T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c; c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t th\u00ec l\u1ea1i mong c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. M\u00e0 hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 tuy l\u00e0 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ngo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng dung h\u1ee3p nhau. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i sau l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n; c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, c\u00e1i sau l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ; c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, c\u00e1i sau l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.V\u1eady hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay kh\u00e1c nhau ? Di\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng dung h\u00f2a th\u00ec n\u00f3 nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. M\u00e0 l\u00f2ng y\u1ec1u c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf to\u00e0n tr\u00ed, to\u00e0n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eady. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i l\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o, trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m \u00edt ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0S\u1ef0 TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N SINH M\u1ec6NH V\u00d4 H\u1ea0N V\u1edaI THUY\u1ebeT T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 THA L\u1ef0C.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tuy r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u00fd th\u1ee9c nt\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf sinh m\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf sinh m\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tuy c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, b\u1ecb v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c. \u1ee8c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c th\u00ec sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00e1i ta nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1ea5y \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf nhoi, y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u01a1 l\u1eedng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i ta b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i n\u00e0y. V\u00ec tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, n\u00ean m\u1edbi d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, mong \u0111em c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ki\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf s\u1ee9c thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tin \u1edf n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tha-l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u1edf ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0 chung quy c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 T\u1ef1-l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Tha-l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U:\u00a0S\u1ef0 QUAN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eeeA T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 THA L\u1ef0C.<\/h5>\n

Ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y ra sao? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, tha l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. Ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tr\u00f4ng mong m\u1ed9t tha l\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ta \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 th\u1eed xem c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kia t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m tu\u01a1ng dung: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n -T\u00f4n l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Th\u1ea7n, duy ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1-L\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tha l\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean “. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9 cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i n\u1eefa m\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i “Thi\u00ean-kh\u1ea3i”. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t s\u00e1u n\u0103m m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh-Gi\u00e1c; A Nan \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i Ph\u1eadt hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi khai ng\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9”; th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e3y ra trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ta th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n k\u00fd v\u1ec1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia Nam \u0111\u1ed1n, B\u1eaec ti\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n “Thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3i ” si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 l\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 “h\u1ed1t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9” \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, tuy l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do c\u00f4ng khu tu luy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 “c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb” ( th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean) c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng tha l\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn mau hay ch\u1eadm l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Thi\u00eang li\u00eang tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. “H\u1eefu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng, h\u1eefu c\u1ea3m t\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng” tuy l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Gia T\u00f4 Gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ngay \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4n c\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7” h\u1eefu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng, h\u1eefu c\u1ea3m t\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng” \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e2u “Th\u1ed1i, ch\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi “, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft), c\u00e1i tr\u1ee9ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u1edf. Con chim con \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eady th\u00ec ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 chim m\u1eb9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed5 v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho chim con ra. C\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, do n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c chung c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tha l\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ngay trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u01b0\u1edbc sang ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang t\u1ed1i cao. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c. V\u00ec l\u00f2ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o tha l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 ly ng\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ly ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac tinh ti\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf tham, s\u00e2n, si th\u00ec ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 do h\u01a1i tha l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u1ea3 ly ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i hay ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1i l\u00fd tha l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 trong tha l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1i l\u00fd tha t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 hay tha ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i tuy c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu ta quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed khi\u1ebfn ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di-\u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean-\u0110\u1ebf, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh, ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 B\u1ea2Y:\u00a0PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P \u0110I\u1ec0U H\u00d2A GI\u1eeeA T\u1ef0 L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 THA L\u1ef0C.<\/h5>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y? V\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00f3a \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng theo A.Drew, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (Diesinnlieh Anshauung); th\u1ee9 hai, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Die Vorstellung); v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m (Die Idee).<\/p>\n

1) Tr\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110a Thu\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o, ngo\u00e0i t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 ra l\u1eadp n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

2) Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1ecb-nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, cho Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

3) L\u00fd ni\u1ec7m, A.Drew c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t Nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (Der konkrete Monismus), tuy cho Th\u1ea7n \u1edf ngay trong t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ea7n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Phi\u1ebfm Th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn (Arthur Drews, Dre Religion als Selbstbewusstsein des Gottes, pp. 163 _184).<\/p>\n

V\u1eady trong nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft L\u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 ba th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec \u0110a-th\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p tu t\u1ea1p h\u00e0nh tuy l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u00f2n Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1o si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tuy c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ki\u00eam c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Kh\u1edfi-T\u00edn-Lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 (l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1ec3) \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft minh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u00ea t\u00ecnh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh trong \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u00fd t\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1edd Ph\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0, nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, hay nh\u1edd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 duy ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1p tu t\u1ea1p h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, duy ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean kh\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 tuy l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u1ee9 tha l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn , cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i Vedanta, c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u00c1o Ngh\u0129a Th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 theo hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ta th\u1ea5y t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eefa. C\u00e1i l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cao si\u00eau nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Song, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1eadt kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Sau n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hay t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec: \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c; \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 an v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. M\u00e0 h\u1ec5 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hay t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, V\u00ec n\u00f3i theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cho n\u00ean tuy ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn an tr\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c tu. \u0110\u00e2y tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng, l\u1ea5y l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0i d\u0169a vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u, M\u00e0i g\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0i ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00e1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea5y t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 v\u0169 b\u1edfi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 vui v\u1ebd h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p,<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 T\u01af: TINH TH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/h5>\n

Mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft minh tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta h\u00e3y n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngay \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 hay l\u1ea5y Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7?. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, th\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba hay \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd. Tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba , \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau; m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh sau th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i chia ra \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o?. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba coi nh\u1eb9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy c\u1ee9u cho c\u00f9ng, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o cho h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1eeda gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o. Song \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, cho n\u00ean sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o r\u00fat l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1i, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2m ph\u00e1i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t trung th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n. Cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh sau th\u1eddi gian Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i sao l\u00e3ng ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u0169ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec th\u1eddi th\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u00eau ch\u1ed7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, \u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n sinh do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khai s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t dung th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0: l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o truy\u1ec1n t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, l\u00e0 A-T\u1ef3-\u0110\u1ea1t-Ma, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n d\u00f9 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.
\nTrong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ef3 theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 sao l\u00e3ng c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u1ee9 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c hay, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A TINH TH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, hay nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft tin theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tu\u1ef3 c\u01a1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00f4n qu\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i c\u0169ng r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, tuy \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian hay n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebb trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. M\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1eb1m trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u1ea9n sau l\u1edbp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quy lu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, cho n\u00ean h\u1ec5 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1eadt t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ngay trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u00e2t B\u1ea3n tuy l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0: ngo\u00e0i m\u1edb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n ra, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi n\u00e0o?. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra sau th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y-L\u1ecbch. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ee7 ho\u00e1 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ngay trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 to\u00e0n th\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m ng\u1ea5m s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean, ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c nhau? ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng xem c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tuy v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0\u0110\u1ee8NG TR\u00caN L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG H\u00ccNH TH\u1ee8C QUAN S\u00c1T\u00a0\u00a0TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

1) Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Sau n\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 chia ra l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 do, cho n\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

2) \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba chuy\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y t\u0103ng l\u1eef l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba coi c\u1ea3 t\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang: T\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u, T\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u ni, \u01afu b\u00e0 t\u1eafc,\u01afu b\u00e0 di, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 xa la h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u0103ng l\u1eef truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 do cho t\u00edn ch\u00fang, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y th\u1eed duy\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 kinh Duy Ma, kinh Th\u1eafng Man m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Duy Ma c\u01b0 s\u0129, Th\u1eafng M\u1ea1n phu nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef t\u1ea1i gia. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadt Thanh V\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf ra khinh th\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u1eadu b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a quan li\u00eau. Tuy c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef. C\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec coi t\u1ea1i gia, xu\u1ea5t gia, thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, tu h\u00e0nh mong th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3: theo t\u00f4i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh do \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0i x\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

3) Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khu bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u xa, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1, lu\u1eadn B\u00e0 Sa, d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, m\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. C\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, ho\u1eb7c tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u v\u00e3ng sinh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Duy \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u00e2m, thi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00e2m, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba thi\u1ec3n. V\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba chuy\u00ean l\u01b0u t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0S\u1ef0 B\u1ea4T \u0110\u1ed2NG V\u1ec0 N\u1ed8I DUNG.<\/h5>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

1) \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khu bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t. Theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thanh V\u0103n m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f4ng phu tu luy\u1ec7n qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh, b\u1edfi v\u1eady trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u1ede qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay v\u1ecb lai tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt- t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m sao cho Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh \u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. B\u1edfi th\u00e9 khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng do b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt A S\u01a1 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3) Do quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. Danh t\u1eeb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. M\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ch\u00fang sinh nh\u01b0 trong kinh b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, trong kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m tr\u0103m ki\u1ebfp ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh t\u1eed, hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau th\u00e2n. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 sau m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni tu h\u00e0nh trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. Song, theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh tu c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean can g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 Quan \u00c2m, Th\u1ebf Ch\u00ed, V\u0103n Th\u00f9, Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n v.v. th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Song nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, tuy l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Do l\u00f2ng tin \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m theo nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba. Song c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa l\u00e0: B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e8 quan h\u1ec7, b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n \u00e1o \u0111en ra c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o anh l\u1ea1c, d\u00e1ng m\u1ea1o l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e2n s\u0129, th\u1ee5c n\u1eef v\u1eady. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng chung c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eb5ng l\u1eb7ng, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o nghi h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 V\u00f4-Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Quan \u00c2m, V\u0103n Th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, song n\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng th\u00f4i. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 tha lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ebf gian, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba phi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quan li\u00eau. Theo t\u00f4i, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0CH\u00c2N KH\u00d4NG DI\u1ec6U H\u1eeeU V\u1edaI L\u1eacP TR\u01af\u1edcNG\u00a0\u00a0C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh quan c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft-h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 t\u00f4n-gi\u00e1o th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Song, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n sinh quan. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u1edf s\u1edf tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m thu\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, cho n\u00ean khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u ngay l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t: b\u1edfi th\u1ebf quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, th\u00ec theo t\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u quy n\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef “Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu”. Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Hai quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00eca nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft-h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 danh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ba \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u00f3, ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Th\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i-lu\u1eadn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c Di\u1ec7u-h\u1eefu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 l\u1eadp c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng:Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu t\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba .<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp qua \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, b\u1ed9 kinh Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y tuy g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u tr\u0103m quy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng”,”kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng”,”\u0110\u1ea1i-kh\u00f4ng”, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng”, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m. C\u1ee9 theo kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh “kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng” \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do. Do c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n \u1ee9c n\u00fai Tu-Di, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c “kh\u00f4ng” \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, c\u00e1i “ngoan kh\u00f4ng”, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu”. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c quan (intuition) ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ebf c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh (tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi) nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i,n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c (tinh t\u1ea5n) t\u1ec9nh-qu\u00e1n (thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y L\u1ee5c-Ba-La M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u01b0 v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng?.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Sau c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n- Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu ta b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh Duy Ma th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy Ma th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra c\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy-Ma. Tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u1eabn c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf gian. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb di\u1ec7u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn; sau n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Quan-\u00c2m l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5, cho vui l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u00e0ng Long N\u1eef ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00fd ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u1eady. S\u1edf d\u0129 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u1edf ph\u00eda sau d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u h\u01b0u hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, coi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u00e2u xa. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam. B\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i-Nh\u1eadt-Nh\u01b0 Lai. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3, ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kinh Hoa-Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kinh Di \u0110\u00e0 (hay kinh V\u00f4-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Th\u1ecd), ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt sinh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c. M\u1edbi xem qua, ta t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t xa c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3. Song n\u1ebfu ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, ta v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a “kh\u00f4ng” th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. Tuy v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta l\u1ea1i \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00e0o r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb qu\u00e1 \u01b0 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U:\u00a0TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N TINH TH\u1ea6N \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean tuy \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba chia ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. Ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m thu\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n, mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. Xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft tuy c\u00f9ng trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh. M\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m hai m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Hai vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong kinh B\u1ea3n S\u1ef1. Song ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa kinh k\u1ec7 m\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. Xem th\u1ebf d\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u1eadt c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7p, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7ntinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u (nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p giai vi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Tuy \u0111\u00f4i khi tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta c\u1ee9 xem nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9, V\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. M\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, l\u1ee3i tha, ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf tinh th\u1ea7n trung tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
\nV\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n gian Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t huy ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00fd Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u00e1 lv\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t ho\u00e1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n trang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1eeb Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc sinh ho\u1ea1t cao c\u1ea3, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a quy t\u1eafc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t quy ph\u1ea1m sinh ho\u1ea1t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ta c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eady. Trong l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hoan h\u1ef7 trong vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M: S\u1ef0 TRI\u1ec2N KHAI C\u1ee6A T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG B\u1ea2N NGUY\u1ec6N V\u00c0 \u00dd NGH\u0128A \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C V\u0102N H\u00d3A V\u00c0 T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O C\u1ee6A N\u00d3.<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T: L\u1edcI M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U.<\/h5>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o,nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o,Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Purvapra- nidhana). B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong th\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec1n tu h\u00e0nh h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, qua ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau: t\u1ed5ng luy\u1ec7n (Samanya- pranidhana) v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n (Visesapranidhana). T\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng chia \u0111\u00f4i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n: “Ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9: Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111o\u1ea1n; Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc: Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh”.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u ng\u1eef ” Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, H\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n. Bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c “h\u1ea1 ho\u00e1 ch\u00fang sanh”, tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3- t\u00e1t m\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hay ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00f3i theo s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c th\u00ec: Thi\u00ean Th\u1ee7 Quan \u00c2m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n D\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n, Ph\u1eadt A-DI-\u0110\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n nguy\u1ec7n hay b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n, Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca c\u00f3 n\u0103m tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt hay B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t t\u00f9y theo v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd,do \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong khi ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, do \u1edf th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u1ea3y sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd hay \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec7t Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa h\u01a1n. T\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n tuy l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u00e1m th\u1ecb m\u00e0 d\u1eabu cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn \u1edf hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0S\u1ef0 TRI\u1ec2N KHAI C\u1ee6A T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG B\u1ea2N NGUY\u1ec6N.\u00a0(L\u1ea5y S\u1ed1 Nguy\u1ec7n L\u00e0m Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n).<\/h5>\n

1\/ S\u1ef1 Tri\u1ec3n Khai C\u1ee7a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n V\u00e0 Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh L\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. X\u01b0a nay m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Di \u0110\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tuy \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca n\u00f3i ra, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn. L\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, tr\u1ea3i qua B\u1ed9-ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u00f3c ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Song, theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111em th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee9 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh v\u0103n ph\u1ea9m. C\u0169ng v\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. M\u00e0 khi lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

2\/ Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y V\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft chi\u1ebfu theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m nguy\u1ec7n (Panidhana, Panidhi) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Hy nguy\u1ec7n ( Panidahati ) tuy th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi hy nguy\u1ec7n xa v\u1eddi m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp lai sinh xa v\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ngay \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3: Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 hay gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (Thanh V\u0103n) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec khu bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn sau th\u00ec gi\u1eefa B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (h\u1eadu b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt) v\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n, c\u00e1i t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t: B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t th\u00ec l\u1eadp th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng Thanh V\u0103n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a n\u1ea3y sinh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 manh nha sao? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ng\u1eabm ng\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t sinh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t khai tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (Thanh V\u0103n) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9”, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00ec do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc” To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c”, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00ednh ch\u00fang. Song c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cho r\u00f5 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 cao tuy l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ngay \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tu n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf . Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu h\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp lai sinh. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp. Trong b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 la h\u00e1n, ba qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 an l\u1eadp theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 quan, th\u00ec c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 tu h\u00e0nh trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp xa x\u01b0a, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai ng\u1ed9. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh, cho n\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n hay kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng hay c\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u do th\u1eddi gian tu h\u00e0nh d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c nhanh hay ch\u1eadm m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. C\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tuy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp ti\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t , cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh (Jataka). S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111em tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t ban h\u00f3a. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, l\u1ea1i \u0111em tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp kh\u1eafp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i manh nha c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh n\u00e0y. Trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, hy sinh t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m g\u1ea5p ngh\u00ecn truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong B\u1ea3n Sinh ( trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u0103m truy\u1ec7n), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111em c\u00e1i n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c hy sinh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 ( Boddhi ), t\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt , m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh m\u00ea v\u1ecdng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n ” th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, h\u1ea1 ho\u00e1 ch\u00fang sinh ” v\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt _b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1ee3n hay th\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Boddhisatta B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed ), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tu h\u00e0nh theo \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Sau n\u00e0y, khi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4i. Song, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0-quan, v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

3. S\u1ef1 Khai Tri\u1ec3n C\u1ee7a T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Trong Kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tuy b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh B\u1ea3n Sinh c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh. M\u00e0 kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khai sinh t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba: t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u0103m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong B\u1ea3n Sinh kinh. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho jatakamala, b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t B\u1ea3n Sinh Man lu\u1eadn (16 quy\u1ec3n), do Aryasura (Th\u00e1nh D\u0169ng) bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 T\u1eadp kinh (8 quy\u1ec3n, do Ng\u00f4 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i d\u1ecbch). Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li, lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1m (Sanskirt) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ef1u trung, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111em nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0110\u00e0m, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t tu nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed (t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u1ea3n Sinh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n Sinh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ec7” (Saccakiriya), b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn khi B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t “ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ec7” v\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 th\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, cho n\u00ean tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ec7 c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n sau n\u00e0y. R\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Jatakamala v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng so v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch “B\u1ea3n Sinh Man Lu\u1eadn” n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n, tuy c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong B\u1ea3n Sinh Mang Lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n khu c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Sau h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 T\u1eadp Kinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba s\u1eafp mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Manh nha c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1ed1ang t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t khi g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0o, tuy t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1edf ki\u1ebfp xa x\u01b0a, khi B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t tu h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua hung \u00e1c t\u00ean Ca L\u1ee3i c\u1eaft h\u1ebft ch\u00e2n tay c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3T\u00e1t, tuy B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: “Ta ch\u1ec9 d\u1ed1c ch\u00ed tu h\u00e0nh cho th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng tranh gi\u00e0nh h\u01a1n thua m\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua kia c\u00f2n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ta, th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00ea d\u00e2n \u00f4ng ta ch\u1eafc c\u00f2n t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ta nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u00f4ng vua hung \u00e1c kia, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1eebng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta” .<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1eefa: Khi B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t t\u1eebng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n, kh\u1ec9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i. B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: “S\u1ee9c ta ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nguy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfp sau th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, y theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia” (Hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y trong L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 T\u1eadp Kinh, quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 5). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb h\u1ecda ho\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh sau n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ee5n v\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, truy c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0110\u00e0m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n trong L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 T\u1eadp Kinh, tuy \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 T\u1eadp Kinh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tr\u00fat b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. V\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tuy t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, hay bi\u1ebfn sinh nam t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ti\u00ean khu v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v.v…,nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ebft B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp ti\u1ec1n sinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1c Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba V\u1edbi T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i sau h\u00e3y b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 tha l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (Thanh V\u0103n) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tuy c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, h\u00e0ng \u1ee9c tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00f4ng l\u00ea c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Do \u0111\u00f3 Thi\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca (hay Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t nh\u01b0 V\u0103n Th\u00f9, Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n hay Quan \u00c2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca l\u00e0 vi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t gi\u00fap Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt ( Buddhaksera) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, l\u1eadp ra v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra manh m\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh gia t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u00f3 s\u00e1u, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n nguy\u1ec7n v.v… \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, cho n\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c, ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n t\u0103ng gia s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ng\u0169 C\u00e1i Ch\u01b0\u1edbng hay Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi: thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y tuy nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ed1 n\u0103m bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft. Theo ch\u1ed5 t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1i qui t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. X\u01b0a nay c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc g\u1ec9a tuy kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

5. Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 V\u1edbi\u00a0T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng S\u00e1u Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba-La-M\u1eadt (\u0110a) (Paramita), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u00e0nh Ba-La-M\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Bv\u00f4-T\u00e1t (Ba-La-M\u1eadt c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9). Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ea1nh tu c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 Th\u1eadp Kinh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chia h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c: t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n (b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh (tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ), nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i (nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c ), th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n (thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 du\u1ec7 tr\u00ed (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tu h\u1ea1nh L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt (L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng khai tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ee5c Ba-La_M\u1eadt. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ee9 kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng ra v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn th\u00ec kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita), B\u00e1t thi\u00ean T\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu, \u0110\u1ea1o H\u00e0nh v.v. .V\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nguy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Ba-La-M\u1eadt th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u1ee9c Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 ( B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3) trong L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9nm v\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Trong ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea9m Th\u1eadm Th\u00e2m Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 19 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tu h\u1ea1nh L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, chinh ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t khi ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t hay hay nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Gi\u1edd xin n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd tu h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ba-La-M\u1eadt n\u00ean d\u00f9 c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n trong n\u01a1i \u00e1c th\u00fa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00f2ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u00ec B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec l\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u00e1c th\u00fa. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n, tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a oan t\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec l\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oan t\u1eb7c. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tinh ti\u1ebfn d\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Do tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3n \u0103n ph\u00e1p h\u1ef7 thi\u1ec1n duy\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec l\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, Nh\u1edd tu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tuy th\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, trong c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec xin cho ngay t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea7y ki\u1ec7n khang (Nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1eef trang 300, Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 18, Thi H\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, nh\u1edd Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n; n\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n sau, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u0110em so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 T\u1eadp kinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00e0m bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. M\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee5c nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

6. L\u1ea5y S\u00e1u Nguy\u1ec7n L\u00e0m C\u01a1 S\u1edf \u0110\u1ec3 Ti\u1ebfn T\u1edbi B\u1ed1n M\u01b0\u01a1i T\u00e1m Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Kinh ti\u1ec3u-ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ee5c-Nguy\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec tr\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1eadp Ba-La-M\u1eadt l\u1ea5y kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd b\u00e0n sau, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00e0nh hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n nguy\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh khai tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y gi\u1eef nguy\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng gia s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c, th\u00ec thay v\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi hai theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u0169y ti\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean cho t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00fang ra, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0: s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n nguy\u1ec7n, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i nguy\u1ec7n , ba m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i hai nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00fang ra, s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i hai nguy\u1ec7n t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra trong v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd theo thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

7. M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai Nguy\u1ec7n Trong Kinh A-S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt-Qu\u1ed1c V\u1edbi M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1m Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong kinh D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0 Nh\u01b0-B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Song n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ra m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1ed9 kinh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n (v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh A -S\u01a1-Ph\u1eadt-Qu\u1ed1c. B\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t do Chi-L\u00e2u-Ca-S\u1ea5m d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t do B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1-L\u01b0u -chi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung: \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 (Aksobhya B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed9ng) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh. L\u1ea5y t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A – S\u01a1 khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 -T\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt – Qu\u1ed1c, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft – B\u00e0n. T\u1eeb t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng A – S\u01a1 \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 d\u1eabn Kh\u1edfi -T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Di-L\u1eb7c \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di – L\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u Th\u01b0\u00e0; c\u00f2n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt A -S\u01a1 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e1t – Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, cho n\u00ean v\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Nh\u01b0-lai \u1edf th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 th\u1ec7 \u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, Theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai \u0111i\u1ec1u. B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 \u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 A – S\u01a1 t\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed9ng; n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u sau c\u00f9ng s\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u0103n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c; c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed (t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

2.H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

3.\u0110\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

4.Xu\u1ea5t gia l\u1ea1i tu theo m\u01b0\u1eddi hai h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

6.Nghi\u00eam gi\u1eef ba uy nghi: \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

7.Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

8.\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

9.Khi nghe Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 – T\u00e1t thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u0103m ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n

10.Kh\u00f4ng nghe nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecb \u0111oan c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

11.Khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ec9, th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

12.Khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap (Xem kinh B\u1ea3o – T\u00edch, B\u1ea5t – \u0110\u1ed9ng – H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh A – S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt – Qu\u1ed1c, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u00ec li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee5c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t trong Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t – Nh\u00e3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e3ng sinh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. H\u00f4n n\u1eefa, trong kinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t – Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t – Nh\u00e3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, kinh A – S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt – Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t – Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i – ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng l\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nguy\u1ec7n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m nguy\u1ec7n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong kinh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kinh A – S\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0o m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 sau, trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e9t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A – S\u01a1 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tu nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Nay h\u00e3y th\u1eed k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1.Trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a A-S\u01a1 Nh\u01b0-lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef.<\/p>\n

2.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

3.C\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

4.\u0110\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 nhung t\u01a1.<\/p>\n

5.Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh phong, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

6.Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

7.\u00cdt d\u00e2m, n\u1ed9, si.<\/p>\n

8.Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lao ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

9.Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

10.C\u00e2y c\u1ed1i hoa qu\u1ea3 xanh t\u1ed1t, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y c\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u00e1o m\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

11.\u00c1o m\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

12.C\u01a1m \u0103n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

13.Nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

14.N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby trong ao.<\/p>\n

15.\u0110\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 trinh khi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

16.Gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m c\u0169ng to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

17.Th\u1ee9c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n \u1edf c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

18.Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u vua m\u00e0 vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng (kinh A-S\u01a1
\nPh\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, A-S\u01a1-Ph\u1eadt-S\u00e1i-Thi\u1ec7n-Kho\u00e1i ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 hai).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh 18 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi 12 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y 12 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng 18 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i gia: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn (n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 12 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 18 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi 12 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 18 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0: s\u1ed1 12 v\u00e0 18 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hay \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111em ra \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean, B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 l\u1ea5y 12 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, sau A-S\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00ec B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 12. Song v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 12 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n T\u1ecbnh-\u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi 12 nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. M\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di L\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 sinh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t khai tri\u1ec3n , cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 12 nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi 18. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 18 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 kinh A-S\u01a1. T\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng A-S\u01a1 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kinh A-S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, theo t\u00f4i, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nguy\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung, tuy c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi 12 nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng 18 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o 12 sau m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

8. Kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh T\u1ecbnh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c V\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft 24 Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh A-S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c, ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft 12 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 18 nguy\u1ec7n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n: \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng (Dhrmakara-danh hi\u1ec7u B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A -Di-\u0110\u00e0) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong kinh V\u1ed9 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u. Kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh T\u1ecbnh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c do Chi L\u00e2u Ca s\u1ea5m (147-186 sau T.L) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y (B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Chi L\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e1n D\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Chi Khi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-D\u1ecbch). V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi sau, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00f2n v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di-\u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111em th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1. Gi\u1eefa hai t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, 24 nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu ch\u00ednh, t\u0103ng b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a 18 nguy\u00ean A – S\u01a1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 nguy\u1ec7n trong kinh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1.Trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef (gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1).<\/p>\n

2.T\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lui tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ba ng\u1ea3 \u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

3.Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng (gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc x\u1ea5u x\u00ed h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i trong A-S\u01a1).<\/p>\n

4.Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khu bi\u1ec7t c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi hay c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

5.Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00fac m\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

6.C\u00f3 thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

7.C\u00f3 tha t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

8.\u0110\u1ec1u bay \u0111i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

9.C\u00f3 thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

10.D\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i \u0111\u1ee5c (A-S\u01a1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 7).<\/p>\n

11.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

12.C\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 La H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

13.Ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

14.Th\u1ecd m\u00eanh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

15.D\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\n16.Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00e1c ( A-S\u01a1 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 hai).<\/p>\n

17.Ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ee7a ta l\u1eebng l\u1eaby kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u nguy\u1ec7n sinh sang c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

18.N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0o l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ta, th\u00ec ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

19.Tuy l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh sang c\u00f5i ta.<\/p>\n

20.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c B\u1ed1-T\u00e1t trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9 (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ki\u1ebfp t\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

21.Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

22.Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

23.\u0102n u\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i (A-S\u01a1, nguy\u1ec7n 12).
\n24.T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ta \u0111\u1ec1u tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt (Ph\u1eadt tuy\u1ebft Thanh T\u1ecbnh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c Kinh \u0110\u1ec7n Nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ecba B\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 18 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec trong 24 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, tuy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m hay s\u00e1y nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n do Chi Khi\u00eam d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 tuy c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n trong kinh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh nguy\u1ec7n (A-S\u01a1 th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 4), con g\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn sinh th\u00e0nh con trai (ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 14 c\u1ee7a A-S\u01a1) c\u0169ng c\u00f3. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed1i li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa 18 nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 24 nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0: 24 nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a theo 18 nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa hai thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1, C\u0169ng do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di \u0110\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi, ch\u00f2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1 th\u00ec c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a A-S\u01a1 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di \u0110\u00e0 mong l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1.<\/p>\n

9.Thuy\u1ebft Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Nguy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00edn g\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di \u0110\u00e0 tuy mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng A-S\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n A Di \u0110\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c: m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng duy tr\u00ec B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a A-S\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n 24 nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (\u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 kinh, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2-25 ngh\u00ecn T\u1ee5ng Ph\u00f3ng Quang B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Quang T\u00e1n B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3_La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch 27 quy\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3n Ma Ha B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v.v\u2026). Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-S\u01a1., \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00ean m\u1edbi d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u1ed9ng H\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 58 (do La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch) trong \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3. C\u1ee9 theo th\u1ec3 v\u0103n trong kinh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec ph\u1ea9m M\u1ed9ng H\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m Th\u1eadm Th\u00e2m Ngh\u0129a trong Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c-Ba-La-M\u1eadt, Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng theo y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i th\u00eam v\u00e0o 24 nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh 30 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a 30 nguy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

1.Nguy\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 y th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (A-S\u01a1 th\u1ee9 10, 12; Di \u0110\u00e0 23).<\/p>\n

2.Nguy\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt m\u00e0 to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh (A-S\u01a1 5).<\/p>\n

3.Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau nh\u01b0 cha con, anh em.<\/p>\n

4.Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tinh ti\u1ebfn tu tam Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

5.Nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

6.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn (A-S\u01a1 9)-(S\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9 (L\u1ee5c Ba-La-M\u1eadt), tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3).<\/p>\n

7.Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n (Di \u0110\u00e0 11).<\/p>\n

8.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea3 \u00e1c (A-S\u01a1 1; Di \u0110\u00e0 1).<\/p>\n

9.Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh (A-S\u01a1 3; Di \u0110\u00e0 3 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Chi Khi\u00eam).<\/p>\n

10.Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

11.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1ee3c (A-S\u01a1 7, Di \u0110\u00e0 10).<\/p>\n

12.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1eadn bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

13.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sinh (hai nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 4 trong Di \u0110\u00e0?).<\/p>\n

14.Nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng (A-S\u01a1 6; Di \u0110\u00e0 3).<\/p>\n

15.Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u vua ch\u00faa (A-S\u01a1 18).<\/p>\n

16.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u0169 th\u00fa hay l\u1ee5c th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

17.Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a sinh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i sinh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

18.Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ( A-S\u01a1 5-9).<\/p>\n

19.Nguy\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

20.Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ( Di \u0110\u00e0 13).<\/p>\n

21.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, th\u00e1ng, n\u0103m (Di \u0110\u00e0 15).<\/p>\n

22.Nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Di \u0110\u00e0 14, 15).<\/p>\n

23.Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng (Di \u0110\u00e0 21).<\/p>\n

24.Nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c vun tr\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

25.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ed1n b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

26.Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai th\u1eeba, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba (Di \u0110\u00e0 24?).<\/p>\n

27.Nguy\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

28.Nguy\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Di \u0110\u00e0 12-14).<\/p>\n

29.Nguy\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

30.Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, tuy \u1edf trong sinh t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sinh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (kinh B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, quy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 17, La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ed T\u1ea1ng 8, 347 trang 9. Ph\u00f3ng Quang B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, quy\u1ec3n 13, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng 8, trang 92. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n H\u00e0nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 30 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi 18 nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 24 nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ed1 30 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 5 nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 Di \u0110\u00e0, c\u00f3 12 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi 24 nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 ba gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi 18 nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 30 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng. M\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, 30 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n “Kh\u00f4ng danh hi\u1ec7u vua ch\u00faa” ch\u1ec9 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 th\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i sau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1eaft b\u1ecf B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tha l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y 30 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 30 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1t quan “Sinh t\u1eed nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0” \u0110\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

10. Thuy\u1ebft Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i S\u00e1u Nguy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a Kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Trang Nghi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i nguy\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft 24 nguy\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m Di \u0110\u00e0. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft 30 nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ra sao,t a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di \u0110\u00e0. Tr\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Trang Nghi\u00eam (ba quy\u1ec3n, do Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng (982-1001) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 theo ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec tuy n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi sau thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n (kinh Ph\u1eadt-Thuy\u1ebft-V\u00f4-L\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Th\u1ecd, do Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng Kh\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y, v\u00e0 V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd Nh\u01b0-lai- h\u1ed9i trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o T\u00edch, do B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 L\u01b0u Chi d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec kinh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n, m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau, khi phong tr\u00e0o d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111em d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft 24 Nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng 12 Nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ed1 24 m\u00e0 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean 36, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb 30 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn 36 v\u1eady. C\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfu theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec, trong thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 theo nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kia, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu th\u00ec s\u1ee3 phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c qu\u00e1, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00fat b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh t\u00edch B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec sau thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 42 Nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh 42 Nguy\u1ec7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n

11. Thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n C\u1ee7a Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 48 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd (n\u00f3i t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng Kh\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y) v\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o T\u00edch, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a L\u01b0u Ch\u00ed \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng). \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (693-713). Song \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh, t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u1ea3o T\u00edch Kinh b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf, c\u00f2n ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ed9 hinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd do Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng Kh\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch, r\u1ed3i tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm trong thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n, Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n tuy gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft 28 Nguy\u1ec7n trong kinh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i huy m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m v\u00e3ng sinh”. Theo to\u00e0n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

“N\u1ebfu sau khi ta th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, ch\u00fang sinh trong V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nghe danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ta, mu\u1ed1n sinh sang c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ph\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m (citta), tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e3ng sinh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c (dasabhiscitta utpadraivarltaih) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh sang c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u00ec ta nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u00f4i V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p (Nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef nguy\u1ec7n 19, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y, nguy\u1ec7n 18 v\u00e0 20; b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, nguy\u1ec7n 18)”.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sinh th\u00ec tuy \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 24 nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ea1o tha l\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m duy ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd “m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sinh th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y, Nguy\u1ec7n 18 n\u00f3i: \u201cD\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng t\u00edn nh\u1ea1o, mu\u1ed1n sinh sanh n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m v.v\u2026\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e3ng sinh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m\u201d c\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c, trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n (ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i Ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong s\u1ef1 v\u00e3ng sinh. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong thuy\u1ebft 24 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, thuy\u1ebft 24 Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00f3i \u201cTuy ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o \u00e1c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sinh\u201d (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ca S\u1ea5m Nguy\u1ec7n 19, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Chi Khi\u00eam Nguy\u1ec7n 5). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tha l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng; nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 25 tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u00fat \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi 24 Nguy\u1ec7n trong kinh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 26 tr\u1edf \u0111i:<\/p>\n

26. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Na-La-Di\u00ean. (Thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 22).<\/p>\n

27. Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t trang nghi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

28. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

29. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 do (Ng\u00f4 d\u1ecbch 18, T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 23).<\/p>\n

30. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i.
\n31. Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ng\u00f4 d\u1ecbch 3, T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 25).<\/p>\n

32. Nguy\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m vi di\u1ec7u (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 24).<\/p>\n

33. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c quang minh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u nhu h\u00f2a (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 26).<\/p>\n

34. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1edd nghe danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ly sinh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

35. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1edd nghe danh hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n n\u1eef nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nam t\u1eed (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 27).<\/p>\n

36. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1edd nghe danh hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tu t\u1eadp ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 28).<\/p>\n

37. Nguy\u1ec7n nghe danh hi\u1ec7u, tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 29).<\/p>\n

38. Nguy\u1ec7n y th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 30).<\/p>\n

39. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ta th\u00e2n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 31).<\/p>\n

40. Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, trong khi ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y b\u00e1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

41. Nguy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

42. Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c, nghe danh hi\u1ec7u ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tam Mu\u1ed9i Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (Suvibhaktava-tisamadhi), th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 32).<\/p>\n

43. Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c, nghe danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

44. Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sinh c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c, nghe danh hi\u1ec7u ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 33).<\/p>\n

45. Nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nghe danh hi\u1ec7u ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tam Mu\u1ed9i Ph\u1ed5 Ch\u00ed (samantanugatasamadhi), ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 34).<\/p>\n

46. Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sinh trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 34).<\/p>\n

47. Nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nghe danh hi\u1ec7u ta, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00f5i ta hay c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 36).<\/p>\n

48. Nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe danh hi\u1ec7u ta, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p-nh\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Tam B\u1ea3o (T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch 36). (Xin xem kinh Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd, b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Nam \u0110i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec3n 12).<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y trong 48 Nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec 24 Nguy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n thuy\u1ebft 36 Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ec ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ec ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0, tr\u00ean v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 sau, tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng thuy\u1ebft 500 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch-Ca, song cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

12. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng theo v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ta quy\u1ebft ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u00e0ng h\u1ec7 hay l\u00e0 h\u1eadu k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0: B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di L\u1eb7c, B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u0103n Th\u00f9, Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Quan \u00c2m, D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0, v.v\u2026 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9 Nghi\u00eam T\u1ecbnh (hai quy\u1ec3n, do Tr\u00fac Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch), d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 Di \u0110\u00e0, tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 Di \u0110\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kinh Bi Hoa, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n T\u00f9ng Th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a. Do \u0111\u00f3, 500 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch-Ca c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o kinh n\u00e0y (500 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Th\u00edch-Ca \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ecfng theo 500 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n). N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, ta \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00e2y xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tuy \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y n\u1edf t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0110\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

2. Khai tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ee5c Ba M\u1eadt trong B\u1ea3n Sinh \u0110\u00e0m r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c Ba La M\u1eadt m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

3. L\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh, B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7 thay nhau tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ea1i th\u00eam l\u00ean s\u00e1u nguy\u1ec7n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 48 Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

4. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a, l\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i dung B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

5. B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m hay c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f9ng ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0\u00dd NGH\u0128A \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C, V\u0102N H\u00d3A V\u00c0 T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O TRONG T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG B\u1ea2N NGUY\u1ec6N.<\/h5>\n

1.Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Theo Ba Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n \u0111em th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e1m h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong B\u1ea3n nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1i cao. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u00fa l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c xa x\u00f4i, m\u00e0 ngay trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. N\u1ebfu ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ra, ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean kia t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u01b0a kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ba l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a (theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p) v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

2.Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i lu\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n” (Dhammacakka Pavattana_ cu\u1ed9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) ra ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 “S\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p”. C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd v\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u01b0a c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec3n tr\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn ngay v\u00e0o danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u1eadp B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Dharma_akara, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 Th\u1ee5 Ph\u00e1p (truy\u1ec1n trao gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p) c\u00f2n theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ecbch b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 T\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p; r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 A-S\u01a1 (Aksodhya) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ed9ng; Di L\u1eb7c (Maitreya) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u1eeb Bi v.v\u2026 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u1eadp th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, ta th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, gian \u00e1c; v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u0129 nhi\u00ean tuy mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ebfp to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kia, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 A-S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c giao thi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra (nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n) th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 48 Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0, Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 23 (Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef, th\u1ee9 21) Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; nguy\u1ec7n 40 (Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef, th\u1ee9 38) nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u1edf m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Nguy\u1ec7n 42 v\u00e0 45 (Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 40 v\u00e0 43) th\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n l\u00fac nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 cung k\u00ednh ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 tuy c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 sau M\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Nh\u01b0-Lai l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 La (\u0110\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9): T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1n \u0110\u00e0 la. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng su\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean , ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Di\u1ec7u-H\u1ef7 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1. M\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 do m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. V\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n) th\u00ec c\u00e1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i chia ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ecbnh theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 vua ch\u00faa th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1 (Nguy\u1ec7n 18) v\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (Nguy\u1ec7n 15): ” Nguy\u1ec7n trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng”. M\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u00fd th\u00fa, cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt: T\u1eeb Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0 quan. Song \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao thi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nan gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00f3a trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi xung \u0111\u1ed9t, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt? Do \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tuy l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec m\u1ed7i Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Nh\u1ea5t – Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0110a – Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i x\u00edch V\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u: tr\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i A – D\u1ee5c – V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ashoka), n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1edf x\u01b0a do c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf. B\u1ecdn n\u00e0y tuy c\u0169ng x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1edfm. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u1ebd d\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u1ea1n vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u1ea1n l\u1eeda, n\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 cao c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ec vua l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea5y Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m quy\u1ec1n uy, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 trong ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ed3n vinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 thu d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef:” Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n”, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u vua ch\u00faa. R\u1ed3i mu\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ngay trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb A D\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebf V\u01b0\u01a1ng trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cung Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1i T\u1eed mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n V\u00f4 t\u1eadn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi trong Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0m gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i cho ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa, ta h\u00e3y x\u00e9t xem c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i trong c\u00f5i Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 ra sao. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i cao. \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00ec t\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 sau, ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch th\u00fa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 giai c\u1ea5p. Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 6 trong kinh A-S\u01a1 n\u00f3i: \u201cNguy\u1ec7n trong c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai mang m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc x\u1ea5u x\u00ed\u201d; Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 14 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cNguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d; r\u1ed3i Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 3 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh th\u00ec n\u00f3i: \u201cNguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng\u201d v.v\u2026nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nguy\u1ec7n 12 v\u00e0 13 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 sai kh\u00e1c; v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 4 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh th\u00ec n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v\u2026t\u00e1t c\u1ea3 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang chung m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0ng, tr\u1eafng, \u0111en th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd dung h\u1ee3p, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u coi nhau nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, anh em (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 3), chung s\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 vui c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo \u0110\u1ea1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0 th\u00e1i v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u (Nguy\u1ec7n y th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 tr\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng chi ph\u1ed1i cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecb \u0111oan (A-S\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 9), b\u1edfi th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m ly t\u00e1n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tuy kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Di L\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 “ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef” m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u giai c\u1ea5p (b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, N\u1ebfu ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 ai c\u0169ng nghi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (\u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Nguy\u1ec7n 27), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c (\u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 11, A-S\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec7n 7), an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m (\u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 5, 6), th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh tinh ti\u1ebfn, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y, ngo\u00e0i B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 sau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, t\u1eeb bi, tinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i , nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, theo t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u cho Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

3.Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n V\u0103n H\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t h\u00f2an b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy c\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thi thi\u1ebft v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 (Nguy\u1ec7n 29) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nghi\u00eam t\u1ecbnh, phong nhi\u00eau v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a vui th\u00edch an nh\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao trong c\u00e1c kinh B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00ec trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Duy \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 trong c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Trong kinh Di L\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 khi Di L\u1eb7c gi\u00e1ng sinh nh\u01b0 sau: “\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng”. \u00dd t\u1ee9 n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. Nh\u01b0: “Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng” (A-S\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec7n 2, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 9, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 31); “Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng” (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 10); “Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nhung t\u01a1 (A-S\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec7n 4). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y d\u1ecdc theo hai l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t; Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t giao th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0103n, m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t phong ph\u00fa, ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau n\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u01a1m \u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n “\u0103n, m\u1eb7c, \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u” (A-S\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec7n 11,12; \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t; B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c kinh nguy\u1ec7n 23; \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 38). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 quan. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n b\u00e0i tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n “\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng” (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 28; \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 12); v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec7n” n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c” (A-S\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec7n 12). N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y theo tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111\u00e8n, n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 19 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n”. M\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua, ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mu\u1ed1n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u sau n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft: “L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Di L\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 sinh), nam n\u1eef mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ee9t ra, song r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i”. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau ch\u00f9i r\u1eefa r\u00e1y cho s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. C\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec7n “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n” l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i lo v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7n nghi. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin hay giao th\u00f4ng tuy b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Ng\u0169 Th\u00f4ng (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 18, \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 5-9), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0: Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, Thi\u00ean nh\u0129, T\u00fac m\u1ec7nh, Tha t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh. Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf li ti \u1edf r\u1ea5t xa, thi\u00ean-nh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh \u1edf xa, t\u00fac m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tha t\u00e2m l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n-c\u1ea3nh-th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bay, \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y bay, xe h\u01a1i, xe l\u1eeda cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f2n B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm n\u00f3 \u1edf trong n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u0103n h\u00f3a: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u00ean, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung t\u00fac v\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u1edf, v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tai n\u1ea1n tam \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 25), c\u00e1c c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (\u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 41), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 23; \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 21) v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n Na La Di\u00ean (\u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 26), c\u00f2n th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh th\u00ec v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 26), c\u00f2n th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh th\u00ec v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 21,22; \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 13,15) v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n m\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ef7 Thi\u1ec1n Duy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 trong B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00fd th\u00fa l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ea7y tham, s\u00e2n, si n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi mong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea3nh (projection) c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a n\u00f3: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u1edf B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khai th\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

4. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t Theo L\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tuy c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e3n c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a v\u00e0o v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb trong th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Song kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i qua \u1edf tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, hai l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ed mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi. Hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tuy c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1eabn h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan h\u1ec7, b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, ngo\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, tuy d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t) bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n), nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 trong, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a hai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0m B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n; \u0111\u1ebfn Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 n\u1eeda l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, n\u1eeda l\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn A-S\u01a1, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Kinh th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u00ec: kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u1edf Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tuy c\u00f3 khai tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tuy t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 m\u00e3n t\u00fac v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n tr\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 m\u00e3n t\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh m\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Th\u1ecd M\u1ec7nh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 Quang Minh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 13,15; \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 20,22; \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh nguy\u1ec7n 12,13,15). Nguy\u1ec7n Th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; nguy\u00ean Quang Minh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 sung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh. N\u00f3i chung l\u1ea1i: n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. M\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 n\u0103ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. L\u00f2ng tin \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7 tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt \u1edf T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 dung h\u1ee3p: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd, V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quang. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh A-S\u01a1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn kinh 24 Nguy\u1ec7n A Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy. Cho n\u00ean, nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd (Amitayus), V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quang (Amitabha) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 A Di \u0110\u00e0 (V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng) quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Song, th\u1eadt ra v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng qua \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u1ec1 sau, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng th\u00e2u d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 quy k\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 \u00fd qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 hay nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c hay do tha l\u1ef1c? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, tuy c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c chi ph\u1ed1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Song vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n d\u1eaft d\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n \u1edf nh\u01b0 tha l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y: tr\u00ec ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. N\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n nghi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tha l\u1ef1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Song n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u00edt ra, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tha l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t tinh luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 18 trong b\u1ea3n Ng\u1ee5y D\u1ecbch. Trong truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “Tr\u1eeb Ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p”. Nh\u1edb ch\u1eef “tr\u1eeb”; tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh, l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y tha l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u0169 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i” ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ee9c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo tr\u1ef1c quan th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9; sau khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng tu ti\u1ebfn. Theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tu h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi th\u00f4i (ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, \u00edt ra, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tu l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean T\u1eed Ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 XII, t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ra Ma Nu Da (Ramanuja); ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y sau l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh hai. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean T\u1eed Ph\u00e1i (Vi\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft), hai l\u00e0 Mi\u00eau T\u1eed Ph\u00e1i (Mi\u00eau Thuy\u1ebft). Vi\u00ean T\u1eed Ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 con v\u01b0\u1ee3n con t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 n\u00f3. V\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1i. C\u00f2n Mi\u00eau T\u1eed Ph\u00e1i th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ea7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e8o m\u1eb9 ng\u1eadm l\u1ea5y c\u1ed5 m\u00e8o con \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean T\u1eed Ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5. Nh\u1eadn X\u00e9t Theo L\u1eadp Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1o Ngh\u0129a H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. Song n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00f3 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y xin n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n (Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n) hay c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (Ph\u00e0m phu)?<\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o. Trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i gia (thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef) v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia (T\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u, t\u1ef7 kh\u01b0u ni) t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, do th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Khi Di L\u1eb7c gi\u00e1ng sinh th\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, Di L\u1eb7c m\u1edf h\u1ed9i Long Hoa thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 A-S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9. Tuy nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh-nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1eabn c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i gia t\u00edn ch\u00fang; v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n, sinh \u0111\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 r\u1ea5t trinh th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sinh n\u1edf r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-S\u01a1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 th\u00ec trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u1eefa, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o phu ph\u1ee5, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a sinh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y: Kh\u1edfi s\u01a1, trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e0m, Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u00f3a Ph\u00e0m th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu coi T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1i giai c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu \u0111\u1ea1o trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ph\u00e0m phu h\u01b0\u1edbng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba (c\u0169ng k\u00eau l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba), \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 Thanh-V\u0103n Th\u1eeba. B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Th\u1eeba (hay Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c Th\u1eeba) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u00f4 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i tuy c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Thanh-V\u0103n Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Tam Th\u1eeba tuy c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec \u00edt ra, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba T\u00f4n (H\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng) th\u01b0\u1eddng chia B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Thanh-V\u0103n Th\u1eeba. Do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0: b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o coi Tam Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau hay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia Tam Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u quy k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba? Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Do v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Tam Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba kia kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn theo Tam Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, hay nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c quy k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu h\u00e0nh trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c quy k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1i l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 quanh co, kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft. Kh\u1edfi s\u01a1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 do Di L\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Long Hoa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang Thanh-V\u0103n; \u0111\u1ebfn kinh A-S\u01a1 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ec7-T\u1eed-H\u1ecdc-Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m (Thanh-V\u0103n Th\u1eeba) v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t H\u1ecdc Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i Thanh-V\u0103n ra, c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba h\u00f3a. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3_B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Tam Th\u1eeba, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean coi Tam Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 ba trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 “Ch\u00fang sinh trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ta nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p Tam Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”. Song \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00f3 r\u1ea1ng: “Nguy\u1ec7n trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba (Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c) (Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 24). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tuy c\u00f3 Tam Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (Thanh V\u0103n), \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, th\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb kinh 24 Nguy\u1ec7n, cho d\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft 48 Nguy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang Thanh-V\u0103n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Nguy\u1ec7n Thanh-V\u0103n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 14, Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e2m chung hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 14, v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: kinh 36 Nguy\u1ec7n (b\u1ea3n T\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch) Nguy\u1ec7n 28 (\u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tu ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh 36) n\u00f3i “nh\u1edd nghe danh hi\u1ec7u Di \u0110\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c (Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba)”. Song B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y, \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y trong B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i phong th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa \u0111em Tam Th\u1eeba quy k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba. M\u00e3i sau, \u0111\u1ebfn kinh V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9 Nghi\u00eam T\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n “Nguy\u1ec7n trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u h\u1eadn, t\u1ecbnh tu ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh trong kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt”.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu coi T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n (T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0) theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec kh\u1edfi s\u01a1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia (ph\u00e0m, Th\u00e1nh c\u00e2u h\u1ed9i). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n tu h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang h\u1ed9i), r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n tu Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3, tuy chia ra ba lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i coi B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i cao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quy k\u1ebft c\u1ea3 Tam Th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng tu nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t L\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ed9, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c. Song, theo c\u1ef1c \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a “tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh” th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0 “tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh” v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh trong \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t h\u1ebft. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi s\u01a1 trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t: \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u00ean v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng suy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u00edt ra l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau. Cho n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n “h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0: trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu ti\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m “h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh” trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Trong Nguy\u1ec7n Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Tr\u00ed (\u0110\u1ea1i kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 25, Nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef Nguy\u1ec7n 23) n\u00f3i c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Tr\u00ed (Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba) c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m “h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh” \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd c\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea3 \u00e1c th\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t l\u00e0: t\u1eeb T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, n\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0 “ho\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng”. Tuy \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn quy k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Chi\u1ebfu theo v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn th\u00ec trong B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n A-S\u01a1, B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n “T\u1ea5t chi b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9” th\u1ee9 22 (nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef 20) v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n “quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd” th\u1ee9 15 (nguy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1ea1m ng\u1eef nguy\u1ec7n 14). T\u1ea5t ch\u00ed b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n sinh \u1edf C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh 36 Nguy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: “th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t t\u1ea1i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y th\u1ebf gian, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 h\u1eb1ng sa ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, an l\u1eadp v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf ng\u00f4i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c”. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn m\u1edbi th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng “th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh”. C\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t l\u1eadp th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 X\u1ee9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh (h\u1ea1nh Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n). R\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh \u1edf C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ta th\u1ea5y “ho\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edbng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ch\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5t ban. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 tuy l\u00e0 l\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy b\u1edfi T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, \u0111em l\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n t\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p tinh ti\u1ebfn trong thuy\u1ebft B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kinh Bi Hoa. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh Bi Hoa, B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p tinh ti\u1ebfn. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1) Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

2) Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebb \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

3) Nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p Thanh-V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba).
\n4) Nguy\u1ec7n sau khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng nguy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Kinh Bi Hoa \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng tuy h\u1ecd l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Bodhisa-ttva-ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9), nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ma Ha T\u00e1t (Mahasattva-ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn). B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p tinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1) Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

2) Nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u1ebb \u00e1c m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

3) Sau khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Tam Th\u1eeba (n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba).<\/p>\n

4) Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh \u1edf T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Kinh Bi Hoa t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, l\u00e0 Ma-Ha-T\u00e1t (kinh Bi Hoa quy\u1ec3n 8, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng ba, trang 218). Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n suy ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 xem trong kinh Bi Hoa l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0, A-S\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5. T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111em n\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0, l\u1ea5y m\u00f4n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong N\u0103m m\u00f4n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t m\u00f4n, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0i v\u00e3ng sinh do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u1eadp ra hai thuy\u1ebft V\u00e3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edbng (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tha th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng), m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ho\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n V\u00e3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ed5 c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh th\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kia t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi? B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, v\u00e3ng sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh t\u1eed ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Song n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n “T\u1ea5t ch\u00ed Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n” (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m Nguy\u1ec7n 7, \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 11), c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n “B\u1ea5t Tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n” (\u0110\u1ea1i Kinh Nguy\u1ec7n 47). Do nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3ng sinh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, trong gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e3ng sinh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh thi\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Di \u0110\u00e0, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 Nguy\u1ec7n “T\u1ea5t ch\u00ed di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9” (t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec7n-Ch\u1ee7 tuy l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng sau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0o, Di L\u1eb7c A-S\u01a1, Ph\u00e1p-Hoa, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, sau khi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a r\u1ed3i, truy\u1ec1n trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 A Di \u0110\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ba b\u1ed9 kinh, th\u00ec tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh Quan \u00c2m Th\u1ee5 K\u00fd v\u1eabn n\u00f3i Di \u0110\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, l\u1ea5y Quan \u00c2m l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o. Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba th\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n th\u1ee9 ba trong T\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u00f3a. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n chia Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, A-S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh. Song \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn th\u00ec r\u1ea5t phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau ng\u1eef c\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef “Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu”. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y “Ng\u00e3-ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3-d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean-th\u00e1i l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng, r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ea1i khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu. V\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i quan h\u1ec7 Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Di\u1ec7u-H\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tuy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfntg th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee5c v\u1eabn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111em k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n-Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t; trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea5y lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o hay Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. M\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng quy. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u1edf trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n. Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec7n-ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ed9-T\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n “kh\u00f4ng” tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng “h\u1eefu”, c\u00f2n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n “h\u1eefu” ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean “kh\u00f4ng”. Nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec7n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang, V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean; c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec7n T\u1ea5t Ch\u00ed di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u00dd ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng hai ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a “kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng”. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng, h\u1eefu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 t\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c” r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0: tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ng\u00e3 d\u1ee5c, b\u1ecb c\u00e1i quy t\u1eafc t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 c\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ” th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, h\u1ea1 h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh”. T\u1ef1u trung, tuy l\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 “ch\u00fang sinh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9”. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh “Du H\u00fd Tam Mu\u1ed9i” c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. M\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t k\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t tha ch\u1ee7, r\u1ed3i trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. V\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. Tuy \u1edf trong sinh t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sinh t\u1eed chi ph\u1ed1i, tuy \u1edf trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, an \u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ham \u0111\u1eafm Tam Mu\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4n cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. Trong B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n t\u01b0\u1edbng, coi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

CHU\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U: T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8 QUAN NI\u1ec6M, T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8 TH\u1ef0C T\u1ea0I V\u00c0 SINH TH\u00c0NH.<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0THI\u1ec0N \u0110\u1ecaNH V\u00c0 T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8.<\/h5>\n

L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, l\u00e0 do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m ta m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i do t\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec: m\u00ea ng\u1ed9, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ma qu\u1ef7, Ph\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Quan ni\u1ec7m-lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Duy t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Do-t\u00e2m-lu\u1eadn hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lu\u00e2n l\u00fd duy t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh danh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00fac kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Quan ni\u1ec7m lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song, \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy cho t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng khung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 trong ch\u1ee7 quan, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u00e2m, trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u00f3, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng \u1edf n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00ec \u00edt ra \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ra, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n kho\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh. M\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n-\u0111\u1ecbnh Tam Mu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb trung t\u00e2m trong tu h\u00e0nh quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m \u00edt ra c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m hay quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: Nh\u01b0-lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong quan ni\u1ec7m hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan?<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ebf, \u00edt ra \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft “kh\u00f4ng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Song, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i Tam Mu\u1ed9i m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a, t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0-lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui m\u1eebng, di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u00e1t chu Tam Mu\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh” hay l\u00e0 “Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Tam Mu\u1ed9i”. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 theo Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n Tam Mu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c Qu\u00e1-Ph\u1eadt-Tam Mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt-\u0110\u00e0. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, hay n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Tam Mu\u1ed9i. Cho n\u00ean, trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu xa l\u00eca Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3, Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong kinh Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Tam Mu\u1ed9i, kinh B\u00e1t Chu Tam Mu\u1ed9i (kinh Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Hi\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec1n Tam Mu\u1ed9i), v\u00e0 kinh Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 do \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0-lai (Di \u0110\u00e0) v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 (C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c) b\u1ea3n lai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong quan ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Song, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd: l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u01b0-lai hay T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00e1ch quan. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a quan ni\u1ec7m tuy \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u1ee9c Di \u0110\u00e0, duy t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9”, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a th\u00ec Nh\u01b0-Lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh bi\u1ebft t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n nghi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y_th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o, do t\u00e2m th\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 r\u1ed3i D\u1ee5c, S\u1eafc, V\u00f4 S\u1eafc chung c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00f9ng Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n (sinh l\u00ean Thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n) c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u00e3ng sinh C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t Tho\u00e1i Chuy\u1ec3n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n). Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khai tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Di \u0110\u00e0 hay T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ly khai \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, chi\u1ebfu theo v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c b\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a. N\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u00ec tuy T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec7n th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u00edt ra c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu cho n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong quan ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o M\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0\u0110I\u1ec2M L\u1ee2I. H\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A THUY\u1ebeT QUAN NI\u1ec6M V\u00c0 THUY\u1ebeT TH\u1ef0C T\u1ea0I.<\/h5>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, l\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Kim T\u1eed (cho r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0-Lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m) l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0: c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t hay c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Kim T\u1eed h\u01a1i ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ed3 nghi g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Song c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt G\u00e1io c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u01a1i t\u00e2m, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 chung c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tinh th\u1ea7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong thuy\u1ebft Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Kim T\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u00ecm \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m, theo thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp d\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e2m l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee3i, h\u1ea1i trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chung m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a hai thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110a \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng cho thuy\u1ebft quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a Kim T\u1eed l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch T\u00f4n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tu ch\u00ednh. Song kh\u1ed1n n\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tu ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0m b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o l\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ee3i, h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0THUY\u1ebeT SINH TH\u00c0NH TH\u1ed0NG H\u1ee2P HAI THUY\u1ebeT TR\u00caN.<\/h5>\n

Trong khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Quan ni\u1ec7m T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 coi Nh\u01b0-Lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Nh\u01b0-Lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 do \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ta, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nghi\u1ec7p Lu\u1eadn T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft Do Nhi\u1ec7p (\u00fd ch\u00ed, h\u00e0nh vi, t\u1eadp kh\u00ed) m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i l\u00fd ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0. N\u00f3i theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 tham quan v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, nh\u1edd c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n Nghi\u1ec7p-l\u1ef1c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c. Tham-quan c\u00e1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n r\u1ed3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 tr\u00f9 ho\u1ea1ch vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan ni\u1ec7m Nh\u01b0-Lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Duy T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 do B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3, tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p-Hoa v\u00e0 B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t do B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u00e0 B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, do \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, tuy c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Nh\u01b0-Lai hay T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 T\u00e2m hay Ph\u1eadt Tinh) th\u00ec qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7, qu\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0i b\u1ea3o tha l\u1ef1c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, do \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n tha l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1i m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh Nh\u01b0-Lai v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tha l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. Song m\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng; ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e3ng sinh l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh A Di \u0110\u00e0, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Sinh Th\u00e0nh. M\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u1eeb kinh \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd ra, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea5t ban lu\u1eadn th\u00ec, tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi nay \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y nay tuy \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean \u0111i \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean \u0111i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ngay trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m (Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, hay ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9) hay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c? Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby trong c\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (xem l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c “S\u1ef1 khai tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n”). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0o ngay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i tin ch\u1eafc nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1eed s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 qu\u00ean hay ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n” (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia). Song \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n, ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ngay tr\u00ean “th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eed ng\u1ea1n” (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u00e0y) n\u1eefa: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 B\u1ea2Y: HI\u1ec6N TH\u1ef0C V\u00c0 T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0HAI S\u1ee8 M\u1ec6NH L\u1edaN C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb khi du nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t ban, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u1eef tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, do \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh t\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u; s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u1eef c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y nay th\u1eadt phi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n tuy n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 xuy \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t phong-kh\u00ed th\u1edd \u01a1. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh doanh chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p cho n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 theo phong kh\u00ed Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt, c\u00f4 nhi vi\u1ec7n, v.v.. Tuy ph\u1ecfng theo phong kh\u00ed \u00c2u M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc Ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xin c\u00fang \u0111\u00e1m, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m c\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, r\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a cho bi\u1ebft h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec t\u00e1c phong \u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 xuy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129, theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00fd r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed khi g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh? N\u00ean b\u1ea3o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i bu\u00f4ng tay tr\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay tuy bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd? Trong hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng? Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00f4 u\u1ebf. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e9 xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tr\u00f4i \u0111i, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Tuy bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c hy sinh t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng “l\u00e2n m\u1eabn ch\u00fang sinh” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, n\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3, v\u1eady th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc! Trong khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi \u0111em l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c hai s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

2. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i qua, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa hai c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0L\u00dd T\u01af\u1edeNG T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8 K\u1ebeT H\u1ee2P HAI S\u1ee8 M\u1ec6NH L\u1edaN.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n” th\u00ec v\u00ec thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o s\u1eed Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00ec l\u1ea1 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, n\u00ean v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Nam L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1nh C\u01a1, Quang Minh ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh An, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ta th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec tr\u00e1nh phi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5y \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tuy \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u00f9 th\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00fd th\u00fa. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0. B\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u1ebf gian d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00e1c c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, k\u1ebb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng c\u0169ng l\u1eafm, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh th\u1ebf gian, mong t\u00ecm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh t\u1ecbnh t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ee7i ro Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n kinh doanh” cho n\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khai ng\u1ed9 n\u1eefa: \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bi th\u1ea3m. Theo t\u00f4i, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i thanh t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5y \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc! T\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 qua T\u00edch Lan. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eam tr\u00ec gi\u1eddi lu\u1eadt, tu Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n P\u00e0li. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Song theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o. Tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy an tr\u1ee5 \u1edf gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft q\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea3o \u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh C\u01a1 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t v\u00e0 Quang Minh ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u1eady. Song th\u1eadt ra nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng qua m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, tuy c\u00f3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn hai s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u voi \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chung c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00e0nh ra T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u00f2n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n “tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh”, l\u1ea5y ti\u00eau ng\u1eef “giai c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt” l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, do \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. M\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, cho n\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Song, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau, cho n\u00ean do c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Trong c\u00e1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan x\u01b0a nay, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ngay trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean chia T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

1. Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

2. Tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3. T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf ngay c\u00f5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0QU\u00c1N CHI\u1ebeU T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8.<\/h5>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u? H\u1ee3p v\u1ed1i t\u00e2m \u00fd hay tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00fd? Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: H\u1ecdp v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a m\u00e0 l\u1eb7n l\u1ed9i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n th\u00ec m\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y tuy l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a. Trong kinh Duy Ma \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nghi v\u1ea5n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y do Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u00e0 sao l\u1ea1i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sinh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang sinh di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u v\u0103n r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng “t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh nhi qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ecbnh”. \u0110\u00fang! D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh hoa r\u01a1i hay m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a xao xuy\u1ebfn, kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ly d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u01b0a l\u00e0 ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t th\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu cho tuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u00ec m\u01b0a hay tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Hoa T\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0THA PH\u01af\u01a0NG T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8.<\/h5>\n

Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn Tha-Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m Ch\u00e2n-nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh. Theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng quy c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan. Song, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp, s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u00e0 v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Du H\u00fd Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u00e0n k\u1ecbch, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp hay s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed1i b\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf coi thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng? \u00dd ngh\u0129a “ch\u01b0 \u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u00e1c” ra sao? Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ebf gi\u1eddi l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t du\u1ed9c_ c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. C\u00f2n Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i thi h\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tuy \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh th\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t ban. Tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n Tr\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, mu\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Du H\u00fd Tam Mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Song \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7; theo \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u0111em quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n x\u01b0a nay th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n sau khi ch\u1ebft: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Tha Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ead A-S\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cao th\u1ee7 th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o h\u1ec5 ch\u00ed t\u00e2m t\u00edn ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tin h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng hay Thi\u00ean Thai T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u y v\u00e0o s\u00e1u ch\u1eef Nam M\u00f4 A Di \u0110\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u v\u00e3ng sinh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o do Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 N\u0102M:\u00a0T\u1ecaNH \u0110\u1ed8 T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI TR\u00caN C\u00d5I N\u00c0Y.<\/h5>\n

Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ra, c\u1ea7u sinh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gii\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed0I v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 coi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00ec e \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. \u0110\u00fang ra ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i coi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa! Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u \u0111\u00e2m ra ch\u00e1n ng\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00e2m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u mong sinh s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c \u1edf t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. Th\u1ebf gi\u1ed1i n\u00e0y nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, di\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3, thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a n\u00f3, c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trang nghi\u00eam? Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai tr\u00ean c\u00f5i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t tin r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n nay B\u1ed3T\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c \u1edf tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t. T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 V\u00e3ng Sinh Quan \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f5i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb La H\u00e1n v\u00ec tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eddi ng\u00e0y Di L\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 Ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i-s\u01b0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi n\u00e0o Di L\u1eb7c gi\u00e1ng sinh th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd th\u00ec \u0111ang nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u00edt ra l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Cao D\u00e3 S\u01a1n v\u1eabn tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa. S\u00e2u xa kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c v\u00e3ng sinh \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 56 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ni\u00ean s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c s\u1ebd thanh t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd ngh\u0129a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t hy v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ngay trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi than phi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00fat k\u00e9m, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, l\u00eca v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng. N\u1ebfu cho v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, hai c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m cho v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111i qu\u00e1 tr\u1edbn m\u00e0 coi tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y sang m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kh\u00e1c, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfn, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u hay n\u1ebfn c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o khi nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, th\u00ec Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 tuy c\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thanh t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa. Trong kinh v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 sau: “\u0110\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u ly, h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e2y v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y b\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hoa tr\u00e1i t\u1ee9 th\u1eddi”. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ecdc qua kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ta th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Di L\u1eb7c sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Nh\u1eadt, v.v\u2026 L\u1ea1i do t\u00e2m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u coi nhau nh\u01b0 anh em. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u1eefa. C\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Di L\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n minh c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Di L\u1eb7c n\u00fai v\u1edbi n\u00fai l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, gi\u1eefa b\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp nhau, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 xe l\u1eeda, t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n, v.v\u2026 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1eef. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh, trong Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 xong r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng d\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i phong kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i v\u1ec7 sinh t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Duy v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec gi\u1eefa v\u0103n minh c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch xa nhau xa l\u1eafm, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn 56 tri\u1ec7n n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u00e1i, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di L\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 sinh ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan v\u00e0 Di \u0110\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 quan r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Di L\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 sinh c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch th\u00fa, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1eddi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Cho n\u00ean, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang? N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn 56 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ra sao? Ri\u00eang \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Di L\u1eb7c th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta, do t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n trong d\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta, do t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n trong d\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 Di L\u1eb7c th\u00ec sinh t\u1eed t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed1-T\u00e1t. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7n sinh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t Tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft- B\u00e0n. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch, chi ph\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 do \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec sinh t\u1eed l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 S\u00c1U: K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN.<\/h5>\n

N\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111em t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec hai s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft xin th\u00eam v\u00e0i l\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di L\u1eb7c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di L\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u01b0a nay. Theo t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Di L\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00ec A D\u1eadt \u0110a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, do tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Di L\u1eb7c B\u1ed3- T\u00e1t, khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t gi\u00e1ng sinh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c, r\u1ed3i ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Long Hoa khai Ba H\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft “Long Hoa Tam H\u1ed9i”. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quan ni\u1ec7m Di L\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Di L\u1eb7c, c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 chung c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 trang nghi\u00eam thanh t\u1ecbnh!<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M: \u00dd NGH\u0128A CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca<\/h4>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 NH\u1ea4T:\u00a0C\u0102N C\u1ee8 CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca QUAN C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O.<\/h5>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. V\u00ec b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u00ecn qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u1ee7y T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm tr\u1ecdng gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t gia. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang. Song, th\u1eadt ra, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ph\u1eadt G\u00e1o theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Nho Gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau x\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u00e0 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 do, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o b\u1ecf qua. Trong nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. M\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 tuy ng\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao xa, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1m th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u1ebd tr\u00ean, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0n qua v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u qua c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n minh s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i,\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan y\u1ebfu m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch) chia ra m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4n t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf y\u1ebfu, cho n\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t r\u1ed1i ren. Nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, c\u00f3 khi li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh li\u00ean bang cho \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7, th\u00e0nh th\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i tranh ch\u1ea5p nhau kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Trung Hoa \u1edf th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u00ec trong h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a, ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 tuy kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ecb (S\u0129-t\u1ed9c), m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n\u00a0(giai c\u1ea5p t\u0103ng l\u1eef, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c), m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n mua chu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 (n\u00f4ng n\u00f4), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu v\u00f4 l\u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang o\u00e1n th\u00e1n, do \u0111\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd suy gi\u1ea3m. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh, ngo\u1ea1i giao ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o danh ti\u1ebfng gi\u00fap \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 danh ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi bay gi\u1edd, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 khi th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngo\u00e0i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nPh\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong b\u1ed9 kinh A H\u00e0m. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn kinh (Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i cho vua \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n), Gi\u1ea3n V\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p kinh (Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i cho Th\u1eafng Quang Thi\u00ean T\u1eed), Th\u1ee7 H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Gi\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La Ni kinh (10 quy\u1ec3n), v\u00e0 Kim Quang Minh T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng V\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e1t Gia Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed S\u1edf Thuy\u1ebft kinh, m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e1t Gia Ca \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y T\u1ec9n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ng\u0169 Lang (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nhan \u0111\u1ec1 “Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 PH\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Song \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y kinh A H\u00e0m l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kia, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec3m qui k\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c vua, t\u00f4i h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m cho ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t ban ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb Quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 HAI:\u00a0NGU\u1ed2N G\u00d3C C\u1ee6A QU\u1ed0C GIA.<\/h5>\n

C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1T huy m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng qu\u1ed1c gia, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e1i, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh Th\u1ebf K\u1ef3, Th\u1ebf B\u1ea3n Duy\u00ean ph\u1ea9m (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 22) th\u00ec kh\u1edfi s\u01a1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed9, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc hay lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 mi\u1ebfng \u0103n, manh m\u1eb7c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00ec l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng th\u00eam, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i do t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0103n. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111i c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ng\u1ed3i m\u00e1t, \u0103n b\u00e1t v\u00e0ng”, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gian \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nhau suy t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua, hay l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1edf, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd, ph\u00e2n x\u1eed nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, t\u00e0 v\u00e0 thay h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, l\u1eadp n\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft \u01b0\u1edbc: th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u00e3n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Rousseau. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u1eddi bay gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng chung \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y. Lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c cho qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y vua c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f9 m\u01b0u cu\u1ed9c chung s\u1ed1ng, chung h\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia quan m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn (nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1, Th\u1ebf-gian ph\u1ea9m). Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia. S\u1edf d\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb nay ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o chia ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 BA:\u00a0CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI C\u00c1C QU\u1ed0C GIA \u0110\u1ed0I L\u1eacP.<\/h5>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian. Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1ea5t ban lu\u1eadn. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cho n\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi bay gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00e0 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i chia ra t\u1eebng s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

1.B\u1ea3y \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ec3 Ki\u1ec7n To\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Gia.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi bay gi\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0 (Magadha), d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 (Vajji) th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a LI\u00ean bang, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong b\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 hai, kinh Du H\u00e0nh (P\u00e0li, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 16, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ban Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n), trong \u0111\u00f3 tuy \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhau l\u1ea1i (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i h\u1ee3p lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng \u01b0u, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp, l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: Vua, t\u00f4i h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0\u1eddng). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 lo qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i T\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t cau sau \u0111\u00e2y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p “L\u1ea5y h\u00f2a l\u00e0m qu\u00fd, l\u1ea5y nhu thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u00f4n” \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. L\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 tham d\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ed3n vinh: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ban h\u00e0nh (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9). M\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ri\u00eang, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ebfu h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1eeba b\u00e3i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: hi\u1ebfu th\u1edd cha m\u1eb9, k\u00ednh thu\u1eadn s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng). Trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch tuy ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn cha m\u1eb9, k\u00ednh thu\u1eadn s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng theo v\u0103n P\u00e0li th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh t\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a C\u01a1 M\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7n hay Nguy\u00ean L\u00e3o Vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o trinh b\u1ea1ch (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: khu\u00ea m\u00f4n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 u\u1ebf). Mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M\u00e0 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c khu\u00ea m\u00f4n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Trong P\u00e0li tuy ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt cho \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o m\u1edbi ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u00e1c n\u01a1i linh mi\u1ebfu trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: c\u0169ng s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu, tr\u00ed k\u00ednh qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n). \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ea5t Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ebf, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy kh\u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n (H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u00f4n th\u1edd Sa M\u00f4n, cung k\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i La H\u00e1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. \u1ede m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i t\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3. C\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nghe theo l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i T\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh h\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf sau, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o tuy c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh,c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh, v.v\u2026 nh\u01b0ng trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00edch th\u00fa l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: nh\u1edd thi h\u00e0nh theo b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c . \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ec1 Ngh\u0129a V\u1ee5 C\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Vua.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa th\u1eddi bay gi\u1edd, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o binh l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 to l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong lu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua. \u1ede l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong l\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i T\u1eed ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n, th\u00e2u th\u1eadp \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u00e3 quy y Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghi bi\u1ec3u, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1ea3o di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1, th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u00e0 vua ph\u1ea3i thanh li\u00eam khoan h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, vi\u1ec7c khu\u00ea ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o, trinh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n 42, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 10 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua_ tham chi\u1ebfu Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u1eadn, trang 351 – 352). L\u1ea5y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tranh th\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho quan qu\u00e2n h\u00f2a m\u1ee5c nghe theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c, ni\u1ec1m n\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh (xem kinh Ph\u1eadt Vi \u01afu \u0110i\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Thuy\u1ebft V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn). M\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i m\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i, t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c xen v\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c thu thu\u1ebf m\u00e1, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t x\u1eed ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i y theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt (trong 10 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua). Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh v\u0103n do ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh v\u0103n do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, phong t\u1ee5c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i tuy l\u00e0 vua nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tuy x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a th\u00ec nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Kim Quang Minh T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00fd. Ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n. C\u00f3 theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m vua. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u1eaft s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 voi d\u1eabm l\u00ean b\u00f4ng sen.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n th\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n vua c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng y\u00ean, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00eau vong.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i vua, h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n m\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb xi\u1ec3m n\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3 voi v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, d\u00f9ng k\u1ebb xi\u1ec3n n\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y m\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i vua. N\u1ebfu vua coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb th\u00ec danh ti\u1ebfng vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eebng l\u1eaby. Cho n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vua ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1edf mang ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n an l\u1ea1c (T\u00e2n d\u1ecbch Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n, trang 1367).<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, m\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m theo ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, tr\u00e1nh xa \u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec7t V\u1ec1 Ch\u00ednh Tr\u1ecb V\u00e0 KinhT\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u1ed3n, c\u1ed9ng vinh cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ai x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ai, c\u00f9ng nhau chung s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 gi\u1eefa sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft. Theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c. M\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng theo Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 an \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, theo ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 ai ph\u1ea3i lo \u00e2u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n m\u1eb7c. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa \u0111ang l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn, sau khi h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u201cB\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf-l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn, t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no \u0111\u1ee7\u201d. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh an l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng! V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i-V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n, tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1 ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u1eed, tuy ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103ng nu\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n cho h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m quan th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00f4n, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng sinh bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n\u201d (Xem Pal\u00ec Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n 15_Kutadantasutta_T\u00e2n d\u1ecbch Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n 55). Suy \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ti\u1ebft. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o V\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 Ngh\u0129a Ti\u1ec7m Ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0: \u201cthi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, Ph\u1eadt tuy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nhau; tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Tuy v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf nhau, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1edf c\u1ea3m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u1ed3n vinh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT TH\u1ee8 T\u01af:\u00a0QU\u1ed0C GIA L\u00dd T\u01af\u1edeNG V\u00c0 CH\u00cdNH \u0110\u1ea0O.<\/h5>\n

Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan n\u00f3i tr\u00ean t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Song l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c gia quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft minh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cChuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (Cakravartin). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tuy chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00faa c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Do Th\u00e1i. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng sinh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vua th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec5n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean. M\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m b\u1eadc Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c gia do Chuy\u1ec5n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i cao, chi\u1ebfu theo nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0ng-ch\u1ee9ng, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Song Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1ea5t lu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9 b\u00e1u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: b\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1m m\u00e3 (ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ecf), th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2u, ng\u1ecdc n\u1eef, c\u01b0 s\u0129, ch\u1ee7 bi v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n (b\u00e1nh xe). B\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1m-m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n sinh v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng, th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho n\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh sung th\u1ef1c, ng\u1ecdc n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee7 b\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho uy quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u \u201cchuy\u1ec3n Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p Lu\u1eadn\u201d\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u tr\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Th\u1eadt ra, Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. L\u1ea5y b\u00e1nh xe Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft chinh ph\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u1edd uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5y can qua, nguy hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh an, cong th\u00e0nh th\u1eb3ng, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0T\u00e2y,\u00a0Nam\u00a0B\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i uy l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Quy t\u1eafc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: \u201ckh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 Vua th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng Ch\u00ednh-ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c phi ph\u00e1p x\u1ea3y ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, v.v\u2026Trong kinh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00e1t ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh nhu h\u00f2a, t\u1eeb hi\u1ebfu trung thu\u1eadn\u201d (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n 6, Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu H\u00e0nh kinh, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng I, 39, trang 40).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y tuy c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e2u xa l\u1eafm. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, khi Ph\u1eadt Di-L\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Sankha m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1m th\u1ecb r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y xin tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00f5i di\u00eam ph\u00f9 (to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) \u0110\u00f4ng,\u00a0T\u00e2y,\u00a0Nam. B\u1eafc, trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n do tu\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng, n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f5i di\u00eam-ph\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00f3c l\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n no \u1ea5m, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u, c\u00e1c th\u00f4n \u1ea5p li\u1ec1n nhau, v\u00e0 chim ch\u00f3c ca h\u00e1t su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4, m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thai v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i ngon ng\u1ea1t, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb th\u01a1m tho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi h\u00f2a d\u1ecbu, b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a thu\u1eadn ti\u1ebft, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng sinh b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, tham d\u1ee5c. s\u00e2n khu\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ngu si kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd, th\u1ea5y nhau l\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf B\u1eafc-C\u00e2u-L\u01b0-Ch\u00e2u. Khi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 sau khi xong r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac \u1ea5y trong c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-Ph\u00f9, g\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f5 tr\u1ea5u, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m r\u1ea5t ngon. C\u00f2n v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, tr\u00e2n b\u1ea3o, x\u00e0 c\u1eeb, m\u00e3 n\u00e3o, tr\u00e2n ch\u00e2u, h\u1ed5 ph\u00e1ch th\u00ec r\u1ea3i r\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ai thu nh\u1eb7t. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tuy c\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau: \u201cNg\u00e0y x\u01b0a, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft nhau, giam c\u1ea7m trong ng\u1ee5c, g\u00e2y cho nhau nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. C\u00f2n ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1ch ng\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1ea5y gi\u1eef\u201d (T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 44, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng II, 787, trang 8). N\u1ebfu t\u00f3m t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec:<\/p>\n

1. To\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn n\u00fai hay bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi an nh\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

3. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

4. V\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng? Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Duy c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 g\u1eb7p nhau vui m\u1eebng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u th\u00ec l\u00f2ng tham c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 sao nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn Ch\u00ednh-ph\u00e1p n\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta tin ch\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Song l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00e0o, l\u1ea5y l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y qu\u1ed1c gia chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00f3a th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ch\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[72,81],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-thua-phat-giao-tu-tuong-luan-163819.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/dai-thua-phat-giao-tu-tuong-luan-163819.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u00e1n D\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch Di\u1ec5n B\u1ed3i. 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