{"id":163820,"date":"2019-05-08T11:46:33","date_gmt":"2019-05-08T04:46:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=163820"},"modified":"2019-05-08T11:46:33","modified_gmt":"2019-05-08T04:46:33","slug":"luan-phat-thua-tong-yeu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-phat-thua-tong-yeu-163820.html","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba T\u00f4ng Y\u1ebfu"},"content":{"rendered":"

LU\u1eacN PH\u1eacT TH\u1eeaA T\u00d4NG Y\u1ebeU<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Th\u00e1i H\u01b0<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt Quang<\/a><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea6U<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba T\u00f4ng Y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo th\u1eddi c\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, x\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ba th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1i t\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3i ra kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng im l\u1eb7ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi. Th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4n nh\u01b0: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, Th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc…\u0111\u1ec3 suy l\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u00ec, tuy n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t thay l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a, c\u0169ng n\u00eau l\u00ean ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. Quy\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1edcI NG\u01af\u1edcI D\u1ecaCH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba T\u00f4ng Y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 (1889-1947) m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3. K\u00ednh mong qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu x\u00f3t, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea9n ch\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG I: H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG QUAN PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean suy c\u00f9ng c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed th\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai ch\u1eef Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i chia ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT I: Nh\u00e0m l\u00eca th\u1ebf gian, hay v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gian.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng hai danh t\u1eeb y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Di\u1ec5n Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb T\u00e2y Nho l\u00e0 H\u00e1ch T\u01b0 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc S\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Th\u00edch, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf. Khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi mang hai c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y ra h\u1ecfi: Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf ch\u0103ng? Hay Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Danh t\u1eeb y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 y\u1ec3m ly th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f2n danh t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf l\u00e0 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian hay v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng, n\u00f3i th\u1ebf gian, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

1. Danh ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gian.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hai ch\u1eef th\u1ebf gian: Th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u01a1i trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5c, kh\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, nh\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111em gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, tr\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eady. V\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m hai.<\/p>\n

a. T\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y l\u1eeda quay th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, k\u1ebb nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y l\u1eeda m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda, r\u1ed3i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda th\u1ef1c, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

b. T\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t (v\u1eadt th\u1ec3) \u0111em ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, tr\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb).<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t) cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, b\u00e8n ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf trong, r\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00f4i. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u00ean v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: “\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u1edf trong, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1edfi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. H\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Duy v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1eady”.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng do s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hai ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ed3i th\u00ec, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng) ch\u01a1n th\u1ef1c (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c) t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c) t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t) \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, n\u00ean h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (ch\u00fang sanh) c\u0169ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00ec h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, kh\u00f4ng trong ngo\u00e0i. B\u1edfi do g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00ec t\u00f9y t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u00ecm c\u00e1i chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3m l\u1eeda m\u00e0 xoay th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng l\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: \u0110\u00f3m l\u1eeda m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda l\u00fd \u01b0ng l\u00e0 l\u1eeda hi\u1ec7n, sao n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u00e2y tuy m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eeda l\u00e0m d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1eeda c\u0169ng d\u1ed1i c\u00f3, hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng? N\u00f3i b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang trong m\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh khi t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u1edf\u00f9 trong gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00fac t\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3. \u0110ang trong gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u th\u00ec t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng, th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3nh kia c\u00e0ng r\u00f5. Th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u00f9y t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n, \u1edf trong l\u00fac m\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ebf gian (v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu) l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3nh t\u00f9y t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00fac t\u1ec9nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh (\u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c) r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang trong gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i l\u1eafm ru!<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 kia. Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd nay t\u00f4i \u0111em c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u01b0? Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec n\u00f3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i? Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1eb1m t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng theo ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u. Ri\u00eang c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

a. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh quan ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Nay v\u1ea3 \u0111em th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9, l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. (Ta b\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 kham n\u0103ng nh\u1eabn kh\u1ed5 hay nh\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf trong \u1ea5y).<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian, do ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c sanh ra, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n y cho nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean sinh di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111em danh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn c\u00f5i (c\u1eedu \u0111\u1ecba) v\u00e0 n\u0103m lo\u00e0i (ng\u0169 th\u00fa) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 trong kinh t\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gom m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ti\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean, che tr\u00f9m c\u00f5i \u0110\u1ecbnh sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c. Gom m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung thi\u00ean, che tr\u00f9m c\u00f5i Ly h\u1ef7 di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c. Gom m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung thi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean, che tr\u00f9m c\u00f5i X\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng. Ho\u1ea1i do n\u1ea1n l\u1eeda. L\u1eeda ho\u1ea1i b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n, k\u1ebf do n\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ly sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c. N\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1i b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n, k\u1ebf do n\u1ea1n gi\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ly h\u1ef7 di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c. Ri\u00eang c\u00f5i X\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i. Gom th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t l\u00faa trong c\u00e1i kho to \u01b0 !<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 sanh, tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb khi sanh ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft d\u1ee9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn l\u1eafm \u01b0 ?<\/p>\n

b. Nh\u00e2n sinh, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Theo b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u, t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng, thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng n\u0103m h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian. Kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu vi nh\u00e2n sinh t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng, s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu vi th\u00e2n c\u0103n, s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu vi quan ni\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 ba, xin ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ec r\u00f5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 suy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tinh h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tinh h\u1ea3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn lao, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec quan s\u00e1t tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c hai th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u0103n. S\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u0103n quan ni\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eeda gi\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng, th\u00e2n c\u0103n, quan ni\u1ec7m. Trong \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng… c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng y. Ch\u1ee3t xem, th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, b\u1edfi nghi n\u01a1i b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb, th\u00ec t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng s\u1edf y \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e2n sinh. B\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a nh\u01a1n sinh t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng. Vua, t\u00f4i, cha, con, ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3, anh em b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi chung n\u00ean nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i, th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y b\u1ed1n chi, tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0: B\u1ed9 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i m\u00f3n kh\u00f4ng m\u00f3n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng y. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a ta v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trang T\u1eed n\u00f3i: Ch\u1ec9 ra tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00e1i ta \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u01b0 ? \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng s\u1edf y \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y t\u00e0i l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt n\u00f3, l\u1ea5y da l\u00e0m m\u1ec1n. Cho n\u00ean b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf y t\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u0103n, quan ni\u1ec7m kia, c\u0169ng do h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y quen, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ph\u00ed vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng n\u01a1i kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

3. Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a y\u1ec3m ly th\u1ebf gian c\u00f9ng si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i y\u1ec3m ly th\u1ebf gian, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1n m\u00e0 l\u00eca, t\u1ee9c ch\u00e1n h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y \u01b0 ? Hay c\u00f5i kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian?<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi, gh\u00e9t t\u1ee5c, xa l\u00eca ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00edch nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00fai s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7m v\u1eafng, \u01b0a ch\u1ed7 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf. Kia ch\u00e1n h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 l\u00eca xa, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, th\u1eadt trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i: Ngay trong h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, tuy \u1edf trong c\u00f5i \u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1n m\u00e0 l\u00eca ! Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i y\u1ec3m ly, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c trong c\u00f5i kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng huy\u1ec5n \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, th\u00fac ph\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u01b0 ? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ee9ng s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c “y\u1ec3m th\u1ebf” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. N\u00f3i si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian \u01b0 ? Hay si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe Vi\u00ean Th\u00e2n H\u1ea1c Qu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c linh \u0111\u01a1n, t\u1eadp bay nh\u1ea3y, mong ban ng\u00e0y bay t\u1eadn m\u00e2y xanh, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, \u00fd h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung \u1edf, l\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00ec tinh t\u00fa kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian, trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. B\u1edfi c\u00f5i kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang sanh ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft, th\u00ec n\u00fai s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i!<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1i si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00eca h\u1eb3n v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ecf tuy\u1ec7t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed, l\u1ea5y si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian m\u00ea v\u1ecdng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, l\u1ea5y h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c “xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf” \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian\u00a0– C\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gian.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh ph\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t, s\u01a1 s\u00e0i h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n nhau, t\u1eeb bi nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ed9, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng xa l\u00eca th\u1ebf gian, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y n\u00e0y ri\u00eang c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Do si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gian.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00f3i th\u1ea5y l\u00fd so s\u00e1nh s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng s\u1eafp vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. B\u1edfi si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ef1 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf trong th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gian, l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, t\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, c\u00f2n c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ef9 thi\u1ec7n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian. C\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ef9 (thanh t\u1ecbnh) thi\u1ec7n (an l\u1ea1c). L\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf chung, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0 n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf chung. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00edn lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng t\u00f9y t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n, theo nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1o m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady. C\u00e1 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh th\u00ec bay, lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y, th\u00e2n th\u00ec duy\u00ean, t\u1ed1i th\u00ec \u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng do theo nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u00e1o. L\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu d\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba A La H\u00e1n v\u00e0 B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecf Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, A La H\u00e1n t\u1ee9c Thinh v\u0103n, B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c. T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f5i m\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu trong s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 Th\u1eadt b\u00e1o trang nghi\u00eam, c\u00f5i n\u00e0y do B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ph\u01b0\u1edbc hu\u1ec7 song tu trang nghi\u00eam m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y mau l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, n\u00ean T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau, T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf chung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em lu\u1eadn chung c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nay v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c th\u1ebf gian. \u0110\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ecbch Quang, t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chung c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gian m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t, n\u00ean kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau ra.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p:<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft qua c\u00e1i k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian do n\u01a1i nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, m\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u1ea1i do t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, n\u00f3i tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1eeb t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec7n ra, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c th\u1ebf gian thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u00e1c li\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hai c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111em b\u1ecf c\u00f5i \u00e1c li\u1ec7t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ri\u00eang s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f5i t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 n\u00ean. V\u1ea3, qu\u00e1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec x\u01b0a nay b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, x\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y \u00e1c li\u1ec7t n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng, b\u1edfi do s\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba, m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp, h\u00f4n mu\u1ed9i di\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng kh\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng x\u01b0a nay tuy m\u00ea m\u00e0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh m\u1ef9 thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i vi\u00ean dung bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t. N\u00ean nay tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 kia. Nay s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e1nh m\u1ef9 thi\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eafc th\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f5i t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Kinh Duy Ma n\u00f3i: “T\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh”.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: “N\u00ean b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh”. Ngh\u0129a tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: To\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111o\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay. Tuy ch\u1ed7 th\u00f9 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1edfi c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, xin xem ti\u1ebfp to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

1. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, ch\u00ednh do t\u00e2m sai bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e2m sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n ra. Tuy ch\u1ec9 do t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi hay th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 vi\u00ean minh, t\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfu v\u1eady. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quang minh, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 x\u01b0a nay b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, x\u01b0a nay vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Cho n\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p x\u01b0a nay quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch H\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p .<\/p>\n

2. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u1edf lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbch quang, Vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ch\u01a1n, T\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. B\u1edfi n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

3. T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i tha c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u01a1n t\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7u minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n kia h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh trong s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, n\u00ean ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p vi\u00ean m\u00e3n t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, l\u1ee3i tha v\u00e0 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG II: QUAN NI\u1ec6M T\u01af L\u1ee2I V\u00c0 L\u1ee2I THA C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P<\/h3>\n

Trong ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 5, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. \u1ee8ng h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i tha c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i, so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, b\u1edfi n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i tha t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh l\u1ee3i tha, t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 do m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 “L\u00eca h\u1eb3n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u an l\u1ea1c”.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00eca kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o an vui. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, l\u1ee3i tha. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o th\u00ec s\u1ef1 an vui trong th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i nhau, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed quan s\u00e1t th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qua bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ebf gian cho l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ed3m h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i danh l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 cung k\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, y c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi. Th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0, t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i. T\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eb3ng g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng l\u1ebd th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, tu tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

\u00a0N\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u2026Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00dd th\u1ee9c\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1t na\u2026\u2026\u2026…B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ta th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p y c\u1ee9\u00a0th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u00ec r\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0. T\u00e1m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n, th\u00ec v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p y c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t. V\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh an vui.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. T\u1eeb ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u0103m ti\u1ebft sau.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: Ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i t\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1ee3i, ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ecd… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. K\u1ebb m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9, n\u00ean s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i ch\u0103m ch\u0103m, tr\u1ea3i qua bao nguy nan, x\u00f4ng pha v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 v\u1ea1n t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb, mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng manh kia. Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? Th\u1eed \u0111em v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 t\u00ecm, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eddi gian sau v\u00e0 ngay trong s\u00e1t na hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm kh\u1eafp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00e2y, xa th\u00ec quan s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, g\u1ea7n th\u00ec quan s\u00e1t trong th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1i “m\u00ecnh” \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i bo bo lo t\u00ecm l\u1ee3i, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i. C\u00e1i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. Ai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00eca h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi, h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n vui c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i tha \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t quy\u1ebft d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi h\u1ed9 ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fang sanh, d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u kh\u1eafp ch\u00fang sanh, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i: “B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.”\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i tha \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cPh\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i tha \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i\u201d. Nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft 3: Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00ec l\u1ee3i tha, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1ee3i.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u1eafp c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c tuy l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c thi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5. Duy Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi n\u00e0y. V\u00ec c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c thi n\u00e0y, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u00ean n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00ec l\u1ee3i tha, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 v\u00e3ng sanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft 4: T\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i tha t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i tha ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tha l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n ta, th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Tha \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Tha \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u00ea v\u1ecdng b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 \u1ea3i, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 danh l\u1ee3i cung k\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ee3i tha c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. Suy \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y do l\u1ee3i tha m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i tha ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG III: NHU Y\u1ebeU PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P L\u00c0 \u1ee8NG H\u00d3A NH\u00c2N T\u00c2M HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I.<\/h3>\n

Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft 5 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I n\u00f3i “Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn” th\u00ec trong t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nhu y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u0103m ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a kh\u1ebf l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf c\u01a1.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng hai, x\u01b0a nay th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng. B\u1edfi ch\u00fang ta m\u00ea b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1edd m\u1ecbt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf tri, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c minh, \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u1edbn, linh minh \u0111\u1ed5ng tri\u1ec7t, gi\u00e1c chi\u1ebfu vi\u00ean m\u00e3n n\u00ean hay kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t minh hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang sanh m\u00ea v\u1ecdng c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i th\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n (th\u1eddi gian) m\u00e0 sanh ra c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 sai bi\u1ec7t, t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 d\u1ecb th\u00f9. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00e9o b\u00e0y l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gieo h\u1ee3p c\u01a1 kia, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu th\u00edch h\u00f3a th\u1eddi c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m kh\u1ebf \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Th\u00edch h\u00f3a v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. H\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u00f3a v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 th\u00ec m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu th\u00edch h\u00f3a v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ebf \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd th\u00ec c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00f9y ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. V\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n. \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u00f9y th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n. Th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u00ec \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng hai, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c danh t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo t\u00e2m sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp. N\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian, ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ebf gian nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n, gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 sai bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c sai bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. Tuy n\u00f3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, song ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi l\u1eadp b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi c\u01a1 m\u1edbi l\u1eadp b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi c\u01a1 m\u1edbi l\u1eadp b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 l\u1eadp b\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi l\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u00edn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edbng minh gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1t, t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng, bu\u00f4ng lung, h\u00fd l\u1ed9ng, th\u1ecb d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec1… m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, h\u1eb1ng ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5, tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong sanh t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda trong c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb suy l\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gian s\u1ebd tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7t n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u1eaft c\u00f3 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n. Ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00f3i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf, l\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1i nhu y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian v\u1eady. B\u1edfi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia. L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Nay n\u00f3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m vi trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhu y\u1ebfu, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua ho\u1eb7c suy l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ea5y ngay c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

1. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ecbnh ch\u00ed nhu\u1ec7.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u00ed s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, th\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u01b0u t\u00fa, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng suy c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1i c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt tinh th\u00e2m, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ed5n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1n xung \u0111\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc chung, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ta (Trung Hoa) t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1ed1n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1nh l\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u cung k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0y ra ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9. K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111ua nhau n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eabn nhau, b\u00e0i x\u00edch l\u1eabn nhau (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1edd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau). V\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7, ra l\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, g\u00e2n c\u1ed5 m\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n c\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ea7y tai r\u1ea7m r\u0129, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh. K\u1ebb s\u0129 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo h\u1ecd, v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, b\u00e8n theo v\u1ebft xe tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e0o v\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, t\u00e1nh l\u00fd ch\u00ecm m\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p m\u1edbi n\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. \u0110\u1ea7y d\u1eaby l\u0103ng x\u0103ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kia \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u00ean dung, th\u00e2m \u00e1o kh\u00f4n c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, trong s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7u l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u01a1n, d\u1eb9p t\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ch\u00e1nh. Cho n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p cho k\u1ebb h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i. B\u1ecf Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111i, l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

2. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m m\u00ea l\u1ea7m.<\/em><\/p>\n

Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) l\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o, nguy\u00ean do b\u1edfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ngu ngoan, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i m\u00ea t\u00edn l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh. B\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi gian gi\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n. Nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, l\u1edbn th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng (nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng C\u00e2n gi\u00e1o, B\u1ea1ch Li\u00ean gi\u00e1o…) nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1eafm \u01b0 ? Th\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n tr\u1eeb m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ecdn gian \u0111\u1ea3ng kia \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

3. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c\u00a0s\u1ed1ng chung h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ta (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c H\u00e1n, M\u00e3n, M\u00f4ng, H\u1ed3i, T\u1ea1ng, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \u0110em ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec t\u1eeb x\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1eb3n nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u1ed1n ki\u00eam c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u00ec d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u00e1n ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a M\u00f4 H\u00e3n M\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c M\u00e3n, M\u00f4ng, T\u1ea1ng, H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c ta t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c nho s\u0129 th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Minh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd t\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fap b\u00f3ng \u1edf trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y s\u0129 phu, h\u1ecdc t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00fd, gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, h\u00e0ng nho nh\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p x\u01b0a nay kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp b\u1edd c\u00f5i ranh v\u1ee9c, trong Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba, Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec7t ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, Gia T\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n m\u01b0u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u0103m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 ba v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111em nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

1. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Xu th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea5y T\u00e2y \u00c2u l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, khinh r\u1ebb \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 ta. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, th\u00ec \u00c2u T\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m th\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00e2y \u00c2u. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng th\u1ea1nh th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u1ea1y theo v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh. N\u0103m d\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng cu\u1ed3ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5, s\u1ee9c sinh s\u1ea3n kh\u1eafp ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cung \u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 hao ph\u00ed. Giai c\u1ea5p ngh\u00e8o gi\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00e0ng xa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh k\u1ebf c\u00e0ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, kh\u00ed u\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo th\u00f3i \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m v\u0103n minh c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng “V\u1eadt tranh, tr\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn, \u01b0u th\u1eafng li\u1ec7t b\u1ea1i” cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e2ng theo xem nh\u01b0 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdc, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e0n d\u00e2ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 g\u00e2y r\u1ed3i, nay \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eadn t\u1ed1i th\u1ea3m, t\u1ed1i kh\u1ed1c n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00f3i qu\u1ea5y, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c !<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u1ea3nh lo\u1ea1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 kh\u1edfi ra lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n m\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1eddi sau, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m con m\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh, kh\u00ed, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m\u2026\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh sanh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1eddi \u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, nay ch\u00ednh tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng minh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 quay v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1n ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

2. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi x\u01b0a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u00a01. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u00a02. V\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n

\u00a03. V\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (Trung Hoa) trong th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m dung h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 (Kh\u1ed1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n… \u0111\u1ec1u do Trung Qu\u1ed1c du nh\u1eadp).<\/p>\n

Ba t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a nhau t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Minh \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean. C\u00f2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy l\u1ea1p di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c2u T\u00e2y ng\u00e0y nay. Cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi hai kh\u1ed1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u l\u00e0 hai, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a hai kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc vi\u00ean nhi\u1ebfp bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed quan s\u00e1t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c2u T\u00e2y, ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 “c\u1ea1nh tranh” gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khu v\u1ef1c, v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n ra r\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o.\u00a0A m\u1edbi n\u00f3i ra B li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, C th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, D t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp tan (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00c2u T\u00e2y h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i v\u1eady). Th\u1ecb phi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7y ong, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft chi\u1ebft trung. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tranh nhau, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft nhau, g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i lo\u1ea1n l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ef9 quan tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c tr\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i gi\u00e2y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00ean t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 th\u00ec, gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng b\u1ed5n, h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u00e2n, Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng sanh. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, Nho c\u00f2n l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u1eef thanh t\u0129nh. Tuy ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1n s\u00e2u, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i quy v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ed c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eefa h\u00f2a l\u1eabn h\u1ee3p nhau th\u00e0nh h\u00f3a. C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy nh\u1ea5t, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, c\u00e1c l\u00e2n bang xa g\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a (\u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111em quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 n\u00f3i).<\/p>\n

M\u00eanh m\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n noi theo, l\u00e0m m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m cho kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fat h\u1eadn th\u00f9 n\u00e0o. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi \u00c2u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean in tu\u1ed3ng khoe khoang, \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, qu\u1ed1c v\u1eadn ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ch\u01b0a ra t\u1ec9nh thi, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y qua trong l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng, n\u00f3i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng tuy g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, song \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o Trang \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed th\u00ec ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i T\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf tr\u00f9m k\u00edn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed5 l\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1i T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i cao. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p vi di\u1ec7u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a th\u00ec s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u, v\u0103n th\u00ec h\u00e0m s\u00fac bao la, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00fd th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7y t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0\u1edbng minh Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3. Nhu y\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 an \u1ee7i nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/em><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh. V\u1ea3, hay t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn ch\u00fang sanh trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ban cho h\u1ecd v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an vui.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi m\u00eanh mang ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n. Th\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n ngay trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh t\u1eed n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m sai bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n nhu y\u1ebfu v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG IV: PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P KH\u1ea2 THUY\u1ebeT V\u00c0 B\u1ea4T KH\u1ea2 THUY\u1ebeT<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sanh tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac s\u1eafp v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ng\u00e0i “Ni\u00eam hoa vi ti\u1ebfu” \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi, b\u1ecdn ph\u00e0m phu ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u01b0 ?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 “b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eady. Ba t\u1ea1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai b\u1ed9 kinh s\u1edd s\u1edd nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0m con m\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u, ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i uy\u00ean \u00e1o thi\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n “kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eady. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft trong b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd lu\u1eadn r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 “nh\u1eadm tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh” l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec t\u1ef1, th\u1ec3, t\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 “Qu\u1ef9 ph\u1ea1m v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh (hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng). Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee7 hai ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh l\u00eca ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef “B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft”.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. T\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi minh ch\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi li\u1ec5u tri c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n. L\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. B\u1edfi gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean\u00a0Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh l\u00eca ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef “b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft”.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: V\u00ec khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e9o b\u00e0y c\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh l\u00eca ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef “b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft” th\u00ec bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i “kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft” \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. Cho n\u00ean tuy d\u00f9ng t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o thi thi\u1ebft. B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd r\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, kh\u00e9o b\u00e0y c\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng “B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft”.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i bi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00e2n c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a con tr\u1ee5c c\u1ed1i xay g\u1ea1o, hay ph\u00e1 d\u1eb9p nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea5u l\u00e9p. D\u1ee5 cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p hay ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c trong ba c\u00f5i, T\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, T\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00f5i S\u1eafc, T\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf V\u00f4 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c).<\/p>\n

2. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n hay th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh qua l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1ee9c. D\u1ee5 cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

3. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n Nh\u1eadt lu\u00e2n, Nguy\u1ec7t lu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ecba lu\u00e2n, Th\u1ee7y lu\u00e2n, Phong lu\u00e2n. L\u1ea5y t\u00e1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00f2n kh\u1eafp l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a. D\u1ee5 cho t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ea nay ng\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m nay t\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5 nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e0m th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c y theo l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ho\u1eb7c theo l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee9 hai, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang sanh noi theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c y theo l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eeba, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng xe, n\u00ean ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m d\u1ee5. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ec1n, n\u00ean ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t hay v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i, c\u1ed7 xe Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba, xuy\u00ean qua hai d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y “v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i” l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

1. T\u1eeb “V\u00f4 minh v\u1ecb” v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn “ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c” \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c L\u00fd gi\u00e1o th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1eeb “H\u1eefu l\u1eadu t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m v\u1ecb” v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c “V\u00f4 l\u1eadu thanh t\u1ecbnh” \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c H\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

3. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u201cSanh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o” v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u201cR\u1ed1t\u00a0r\u00e1o y\u00ean vui”, \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn, th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u L\u00fd tu h\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh qu\u1ea3. T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn c\u0103n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u01b0a th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i ba th\u1eeba hay n\u0103m th\u1eeba (n\u0103m th\u1eeba l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba, Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1eeba. Ba th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u1edf trong n\u0103m th\u1eeba gi\u1ea3n tr\u1eeb Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba). Trong quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn (xin tham kh\u1ea3o trong \u0111\u00f3), \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i g\u1ed3m h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

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PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P THU\u1ea6N CH\u00cdNH<\/h3>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p l\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u1ed1t l\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt. V\u1ea3, c\u00f3 chia l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed9 l\u00fd tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n gian. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG I: PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P THU\u1ea6N CH\u00cdNH<\/h3>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nghe hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3 tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng trong th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc xin n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, chia l\u00e0m b\u1ea3y ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG II:\u00a0TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA<\/h3>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: T\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian. Mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1, \u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec5u tri. \u0110\u00e3 li\u1ec5u tri m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1, nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Li\u1ec5u sanh t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Li\u1ec5u c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u tri v\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y do Li\u1ec5u tri m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u Li\u1ec5u tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp, quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt, n\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u1edd, nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3o tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Li\u1ec5u sanh t\u1eed c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 trong b\u1ed5n ti\u1ebft n\u00f3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Li\u1ec5u tri ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

1. Sinh l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a sinh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eafc m\u1ec7nh, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sinh m\u1ec7nh, suy c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec do v\u00f4 minh, nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e3 sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u01a1m \u0103n, \u00e1o m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c… \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u do b\u1ec7nh tham d\u1ee5c a t\u00f2ng nhau m\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean, r\u1ed3i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, uy th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ee5c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t khi mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec lo m\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p ngu si. Do \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1i tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u00f4i gi\u1ebft, tr\u1ed9m, d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng m\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn khi nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft thu\u1edf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi d\u1ee9t; nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng do sinh l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, r\u1ed3i gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do g\u1ed1c \u1ea5y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec5u tri c\u00e1i sinh n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

2. Kh\u1eafp xem th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/em><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00e2y, hai ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng ra t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta t\u1eadp quen c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eafm y\u00eau n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. Nh\u01b0ng theo Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n, th\u00ec t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 n\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1edf m\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 thai, do tinh cha huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch. K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn khi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9n u\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u giao l\u01b0u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac l\u1edbn kh\u00f4n, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111oan h\u1ea3o, dung m\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a d\u1ec5 coi, in tu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9, nh\u00ecn r\u00f5, ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i nh\u1edbp nh\u00faa, t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00ec khi\u1ebfn cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam c\u1eafn \u0103n da ngo\u00e0i. Trong l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9a n\u0103m v\u1ecb cay \u0111\u1eafng l\u1ed9n l\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb9p. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 lu\u1ed1ng n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng in tu\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u00ecn gi\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft b\u00ean trong suy, tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edd t\u1ed5n, t\u00f3c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, v\u00f3c h\u00e9o, da v\u00e0ng, tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh \u0111ua nhau sinh ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eafp tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, h\u01a1i \u1ea5m, th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c h\u1ebft, nhan s\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i, da th\u1ecbt c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i theo, \u0111\u00e0m, huy\u1ebft ch\u1ea3y lan, g\u00e2n c\u1ed1t r\u00e3 r\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, bi\u1ebft s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi sinh \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Suy m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd m\u1ebfn y\u00eau, qu\u00fd b\u00e1u s\u1eafc th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc, t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5, t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n l\u1eabn t\u00e2m. Y t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ecd x\u1ea3, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd h\u1ef7, th\u1ecd \u01b0u, th\u1ecd x\u1ea3. X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng vui, kh\u00f4ng lo r\u1ea7u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7. Xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t th\u1ea5y, th\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c. B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 minh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 sanh, ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi, th\u1eddi th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ed5”. Tuy y th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecd h\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i hay khi\u1ebfn cho n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 H\u1ef7. \u0110\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m, th\u00ec n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 kia c\u00e0ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh h\u1ee7i l\u1edf, l\u1ea5y tay c\u00e0o v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec n\u1ed7i \u0111au ng\u1ee9a t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi d\u1eebng, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi d\u1eebng tay r\u1ed3i, v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0ng s\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecf, s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– Ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

– Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

– T\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. B\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi do tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, s\u00e1t na, s\u00e1t na \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1ea1i khi th\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c d\u1eebng l\u00e2u t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00e2y suy m\u00ecnh ng\u1eabm ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ecf c\u00e2y, ng\u00f3i \u0111\u00e1, nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, hi\u1ec3n th\u00ec mu\u00f4n d\u1ee5ng, k\u00edn \u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p (th\u1ebf v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t) m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i t\u00ecm trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a Kh\u1ed5, Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh kh\u1eafp trong th\u1ebf gian, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ea1i chia m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0a. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, S\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i, M\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a huy\u1ec5n c\u00f3, th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m sinh di\u1ec7t”. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0”. Li\u1ec5u ch\u1ee9ng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y n\u00ean g\u1ed3m li\u1ec7t ra.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i S\u1eafc, T\u00e2m hai ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1. Bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau.<\/p>\n

U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a T\u00e0ng, T\u00edch, T\u1ee5; n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p. C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea4m. \u1ea4m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0103n che, hay ng\u0103n che ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n. Trong \u0111\u00e2y S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kia \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c \u1edf t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. T\u00e2m chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n m\u00e0 S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e2u; m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p \u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc do c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1eb3n \u1edf S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi t\u1ee9 chi, b\u00e1ch h\u00e0i, ng\u0169 quan, c\u1eedu khi\u1ebfu, l\u1ee5c ph\u1ee7, ng\u0169 t\u1ea1ng, da th\u1ecbt, m\u00e1u, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, g\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ch\u0103ng? Hay g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kia l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng cho m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec ng\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u1eaft tr\u1eebng m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1edb l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u cho ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd. Sau r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 cho th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (tr\u00ean y c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng gian qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, d\u01b0\u1edbi y c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi sanh ra, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00f2n anh nhi, c\u00f2n \u1eb5m b\u1ed3ng, thu\u1edf \u1ea5u tr\u0129,\u00a0th\u1eddi l\u1edbn kh\u00f4n r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0 suy cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1ng qua, ng\u00e0y d\u1eddi, gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c, t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed1i nhau. Ph\u00e0m th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qua, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3? Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, b\u00e8n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5p tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ng\u00e3. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, so s\u00e1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u00e2u, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u1edf, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 v\u1eady? Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 L\u1ea1c, Kh\u1ed5, H\u1ef7, \u01afu v\u00e0 X\u1ea3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9, \u00f4ng cho l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 \u01b0? Th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, \u01b0u th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3, x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ecd Kh\u1ed5, L\u1ea1c, \u01afu, H\u1ef7 kia \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh, trong ba th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai, t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng tr\u1ee5, l\u00eca t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y, Th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam ch\u1ea5p T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3; T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u1ea5p danh t\u01b0\u1edbng, bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, r\u00f5 th\u1ecb phi, t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng : T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecd Danh s\u1eafc, trong h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n: xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng ; n\u01b0\u01a1ng thanh tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n cao, th\u1ea5p, l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf; n\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n trong, \u0111\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eadm, nh\u1ea1t; n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n chua, m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eafng, cay; n\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00fac tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng, tr\u01a1n, r\u00edt. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 kia l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3; H\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra h\u00e0nh vi, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 n\u01a1i Ng\u00e3, \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 v\u1eady? D\u1ee5 cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 k\u00fd. R\u1eddi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. V\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd, b\u1edfi do b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9ng, li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u01b0a r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n r\u00f5. Cho n\u00ean H\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi, ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ee3t kia, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u1eadp danh, th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m Ng\u00e3, b\u00e8n chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecm tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed7 kh\u1edfi ra Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c v\u1eady. Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1ee5c \u00dd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i; \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi nay r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u00dd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u00dd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5y v\u1eady. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00dd th\u1ee9c b\u00ean trong th\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ea1t-na th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m Y, ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n minh li\u1ec5u tri \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n \u1edf b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng r\u01a1i r\u1edbt l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n (l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1 \u1ea3nh t\u1eed), \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p cho l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3, Nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp danh, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m U\u1ea9n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i s\u00e1u \u0110\u1ea1i, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m m\u00e0 T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea \u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, m\u00ea \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u \u0110\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y. L\u1eeda l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng. Gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1eeda c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3, tr\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t trong t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i, phong \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian tr\u1eeb kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00ean s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, trong s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0 trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chia. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9, b\u1edfi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 S\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2m. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ee9 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ef9,\u00a0ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

a. Ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1.<\/p>\n

b. Hay sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i hay sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

a. Bi\u1ebfn ng\u1ea1i, di\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

b. \u00d4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y quan s\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian trong \u0111\u00f3, chia ra t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00e1m, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t. V\u00ec ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 S\u1eafc, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft. B\u1edfi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb hai th\u1ee9 m\u00ea tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f9ng s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u do v\u00ec xem kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3. B\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng Ng\u00e3, n\u00ean suy \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Kh\u1ed5, Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec5u tri r\u1ed3i th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec5u tho\u00e1t. B\u1ed5n lai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham \u00e1i n\u1eefa \u01b0?<\/p>\n

b. Ba c\u00f5i, N\u0103m th\u00fa v\u00e0 Ch\u00edn \u0110\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean c\u1ee7a ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f5i V\u00f4 s\u1eafc. B\u1edfi \u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u1eafm n\u00ean nay ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ba t\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u00a01. C\u00f5i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u00a02. C\u00f5i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u00a03. C\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ba c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf gian. C\u00f5i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf chung l\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a N\u0103m th\u00fa c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u1edf trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f5i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thanh t\u1ecbnh vi di\u1ec7u, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Thi\u1ec1n. B\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng tr\u1eddi \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi ly sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, Tr\u1eddi ly h\u1ef7 di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng h\u1eb1ng nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, tr\u1eddi Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi Phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u00fa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u00a0– \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– S\u00fac sanh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i Di\u00eam Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u00e0m ch\u00fang sanh khi th\u1ecd b\u00e1o \u00e1c th\u00ec t\u00f9y \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c hay Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 thu\u1ed9c Di\u00eam Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng cai qu\u1ea3n. Di\u00eam Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vua Di\u00eam La l\u00e0 \u00f4ng vua gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

S\u00fac sanh v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i Kim Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n gian n\u00e0y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n, Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Tr\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i Th\u00edch Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ba c\u00f5i Di\u00eam Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kim Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00edch Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u tam gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ra ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ecba lu\u00e2n, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba c\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 chung \u1edf c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ecba c\u01b0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t Th\u1eddi Ph\u1ea7n, hai Tri T\u00fac, ba H\u00f3a L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Tha H\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n l\u00fac hoa tr\u1eddi b\u00fap n\u1edf m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Tri t\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t. N\u0103m d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 ch\u00fat s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u, r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ea3o, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tri t\u00fac.<\/p>\n

H\u00f3a L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u00f5i n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb t\u00e2m \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f3. V\u00e0 c\u00f5i Tha H\u00f3a th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i do nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba C\u01b0, Kh\u00f4ng C\u01b0 tuy ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, song th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i, l\u00e0 c\u00f5i “n\u0103m th\u00fa \u1edf chung l\u1ed9n” th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00edn \u0110\u1ecba, ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ecba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p. C\u00f5i “c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c” \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p, c\u00f5i “c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c” \u1edf trong b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p, c\u00f5i “kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5c” c\u0169ng \u1edf trong b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p. T\u1eeb c\u00f5i “n\u0103m th\u00fa c\u00f9ng \u1edf chung l\u1ed9n” \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00edn t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00edn \u0110\u1ecba. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

c. Kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 y b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh m\u00e0 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Y, Ch\u00e1nh hai b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o. N\u0103m u\u1ea9n, s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y. H\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a ba c\u00f5i, n\u0103m th\u00fa, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean l\u00e0 do qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5? Do l\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

d. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p, phi ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean. Phi ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean th\u1ecd b\u00e1o x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o n\u1ebbo \u00e1c, th\u1ecd ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh v.v… B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd c\u00e1c ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00f9y nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u00e1o, n\u00ean c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o y, ch\u00e1nh trong ba c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1ebd h\u1ebft, n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

e. Ba th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang sanh do n\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00ean th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) m\u00e0 th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng. Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o l\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh, ph\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1ef1 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u1edf trong ba c\u00f5i, n\u0103m ng\u00e3, ch\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec do ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sanh t\u1eed tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac d\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1edfi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t n\u00ean d\u1ea1y cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3. Nghe r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt \u01b0?<\/p>\n

3. Bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y, quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecdn ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c li\u1ec5u tri. Khi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e1ng tham th\u00ec n\u00ean tham, n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau th\u00edch th\u00ec n\u00ean y\u00eau th\u00edch. Song x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t n\u00f3 th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Kh\u1ed5, Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec \u00fd ch\u00ed tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t c\u00f2n ng\u1ea1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft?<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: L\u00eca tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y li\u1ec5u sanh t\u1eed l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1ed9 l\u00fd m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y l\u00eca tham \u00e1i l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t ra, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec tham, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef h\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng h\u00f4n m\u00ea v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong tham \u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tham m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec s\u00e2n h\u1eadn li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh, \u0111ang y\u00eau m\u00e0 b\u1ed7ng ch\u1ee3t b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, th\u00ec ngu si th\u00eam l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ra phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh t\u1eed. Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y l\u00eca tham d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

1. Qu\u00e1n nguy\u00ean do kh\u1edfi ra g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i “sinh l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5”. Th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 trong ba c\u00f5i, n\u0103m th\u00fa, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba, tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean ta-b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 sinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi. V\u1ecdng t\u00e2m d\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 ba th\u1eddi l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, sinh t\u1eed n\u1ed1i nhau, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y xin tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

2. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai h\u1eefu chi.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n bi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef “H\u1eefu” c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai h\u1eefu chi ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 cho ba c\u00f5i, n\u0103m th\u00fa, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

Chi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi ph\u1ea7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1eed l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “M\u01b0\u1eddi hai H\u1eefu chi”. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh t\u1eed l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean”.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p, m\u00ea s\u1ef1, m\u00ea l\u00fd, g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh d\u1eef, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m trong \u0111\u1ec7 b\u00e1t th\u1ee9c (A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u1ebft h\u00f4n m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 minh” m\u1edd m\u1ecbt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, sau khi ch\u1ebft b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean xung \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n), g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “H\u00e0nh”. H\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1i h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u1ecd sanh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0o thai l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “Th\u1ee9c”, \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 b\u00e1t A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c. B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n H\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 do V\u00f4 minh xung \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eabn m\u00e0 sinh. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i manh m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh \u0111\u1ea7u thai).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 “Th\u1ee9c” li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 “Danh s\u1eafc”, Danh s\u1eafc l\u00e0 thai t\u1ea1ng. Danh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh thai th\u00e2n. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 “L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7. “X\u00fac” l\u00e0 khi ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0o thai, x\u00fac c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 X\u00fac th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 “Th\u1ecd\u201d kh\u1ed5, vui, lo, m\u1eebng, x\u1ea3 v.v… T\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecd n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn khi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean “\u00c1i” tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 sinh ra ch\u1ea5p “Th\u1ee7”. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Do c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh thu\u1eadn hay ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Ng\u00e3, t\u00e2m sinh v\u00e0 ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd li\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng theo \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap th\u00eam cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, d\u1eef l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng gieo tr\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y. Gi\u1ed1ng li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sanh ra, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “H\u1eefu”. Cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi “H\u1eefu” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m V\u00f4 minh (\u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c m\u00ea), l\u1ea5y H\u1eefu l\u00e0m H\u00e0nh (\u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec5m) m\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u1eddi sau. Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u0169ng do Th\u1ee9c, Danh s\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01a1n n\u01a1i V\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (t\u1ee9c \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi H\u00e0nh (t\u1ee9c H\u1eefu); sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1eb3n nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 minh) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi H\u1eefu (t\u1ee9c H\u00e0nh). Cho n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n li\u1ec5u tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed, quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7. \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh n\u1eefa, ho\u1eb7c m\u00ea, nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n sanh t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u sanh tho\u00e1t t\u1eed, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00fd ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00f3i (l\u00eca tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n). Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng x\u00edch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed n\u1ed1i nhau li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft thu\u1edf n\u00e0o th\u00f4i. N\u00f3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 \u01b0?<\/p>\n

3. Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m m\u00f3n l\u1ee3i s\u1eed.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u00e3” v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 “s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3”. Ch\u1eb3ng qua ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n hay v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1edfi t\u00f9y t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, cho l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p cho l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o tu ch\u1ee9ng, th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m m\u00f3n l\u1ee3i s\u1eed c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p, g\u1ed3m Th\u00e2n, Bi\u00ean, T\u00e0, Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i sau khi kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao b\u00e9n do t\u1eeb m\u00e0i s\u1eeda m\u00e0 sinh. D\u1ee5 cho n\u0103m m\u00f3n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng sinh, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n tr\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f3, s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt khi nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i chung tr\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i chung tr\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1 th\u1ec3” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc chung tr\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, hoa v\u1ebd tinh x\u1ea3o, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a chung tr\u00e0 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng chung tr\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu l\u00eca m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y ra, th\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “c\u00e1 th\u1ec3” c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. N\u00e0o tai m\u1eaft th\u00f4ng minh, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, tinh th\u1ea7n d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng… Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn tinh th\u1ea7n hay v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh do m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu r\u1eddi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ra, th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u00e2u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Bi\u00ean l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi, y theo tr\u00ean n\u00f3i, c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec suy c\u1ee9u sau khi ch\u1ebft, “c\u00e1 th\u1ec3” n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u0103ng? Hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Duy v\u1eadt lu\u1eadn th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c do v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi n\u1eefa, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 “\u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn”. C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 Tinh th\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “c\u00e1 th\u1ec3” c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft linh h\u1ed3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 (linh h\u1ed3n) b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn”.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i hai thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5p “ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n”, “c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n”, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 l\u1eadp v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Tr\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00e2n, bi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn b\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean li\u1ec7t ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7. Ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i l\u00fd m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, r\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi th\u1ee7, y theo ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi sai l\u1ea7m, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 lao kh\u1ed5 v\u00f4 \u00edch. Nh\u01b0 b\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u1edbi ch\u0103n b\u00f2 th\u00ec h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch \u0111i c\u1ee7a con b\u00f2, gi\u1edbi gi\u1eef ch\u00f3, th\u00ec b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a con ch\u00f3, h\u1ecd cho b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e2u sanh ng\u00e3 \u00e1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9n s\u1eed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9n s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. L\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao, \u0110\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng dao. L\u1ee3i th\u00ec d\u1ec5 tr\u1eeb, \u0110\u1ed9n th\u00ec kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y tr\u1eeb Nghi ra, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng sanh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u00e2u sanh Ng\u00e3 \u00e1i” c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u00e2u sanh ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p”. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed, n\u0103m m\u00f3n l\u1ee3i s\u1eed tr\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p”<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi. N\u1ebfu hay tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, n\u00eau r\u00f5 ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, n\u00ean n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

“C\u00e2u sanh ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p” c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “C\u00e2u sanh th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn”. Khi sanh ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch, n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tham t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c, S\u00e2n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn. Si t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu si, M\u1ea1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, Nghi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

5. N\u0103m d\u1ee5c<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u0103m m\u00f3n : T\u00e0i, s\u1eafc, danh, th\u1ef1c, th\u00f9y l\u00e0 n\u0103m d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia, trong n\u0103m d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hai th\u1ee9 \u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia l\u00e0 h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ham l\u1ee3i phi ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u01b0 danh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u ngon ng\u1ecdt, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 qu\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m m\u00f3n s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac l\u00e0 n\u0103m d\u1ee5c chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1edfi do \u00e1i tham m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi. B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft n\u00f3i “L\u00eca tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n” tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00eca “tham n\u0103m d\u1ee5c”. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u0103m m\u00f3n d\u1ee5c ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

6. Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7, ba m\u00f3n h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00eca tham \u00e1i. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00eca tham \u00e1i, l\u00e0 \u1edf ba m\u00f4n “v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc”. Ba m\u00f4n “v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc” n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ba m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”. Tuy th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, duy so s\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p tu c\u00f3 c\u1ea1n, s\u00e2u th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi, s\u1edf d\u0129 l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 chi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh hu\u1ec7, hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00f3ng trong, m\u00e0 hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u1eb7n b\u00e3 nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u1edf di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c Di\u1ec7t, T\u1eadn, Ly, Di\u1ec7u s\u1ebd n\u00f3i trong kho\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xong, b\u00e8n ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/p>\n

1. Di\u1ec7t, T\u1eadn, Ly, Di\u1ec7u.<\/em><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. T\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u1eed h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Ly l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 trong ba c\u00f5i, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ecba. Di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng di\u1ec7u tr\u00ed v\u00f4 sanh ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

2. B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Sa m\u00f4n.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt nghe ph\u00e1p, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c, b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y si\u00eang tu Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7, d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb tham, s\u00e2n, si, l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c ch\u00fang Thanh v\u0103n trong Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Thanh v\u0103n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do nghe \u00e2m thanh thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00ean, h\u1ee3p hai h\u1ea1ng Thanh v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba. H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5p H\u1eefu, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 Thanh v\u0103n, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Sa m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

a. Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 m\u00ea, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i sanh t\u1eed, d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

b. T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u01b0a s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

c. A Na H\u00e0m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tr\u1ee5 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

d. A La H\u00e1n t\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 sanh, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

3. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u01b0 b\u00e1o l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng (nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi), g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, tuy c\u00f2n d\u01b0 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7, ba m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh t\u1eed, c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed, t\u1eadn tr\u00ed, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh t\u1eed n\u1eefa… n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/p>\n

4. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y.<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u1eddi b\u1ecf th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0o di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, duy c\u00f3 Di\u1ec7u t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y. Nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n trong l\u00fac di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m th\u1ee9 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, sau c\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng l\u1eeda hu\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi trong ba c\u00f5i. \u0110\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft 5: T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, n\u00ean n\u00f3i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

1. T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n

“Kh\u1ed5” l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian, nh\u01b0 sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 o\u00e1n c\u1eebu, y\u00eau m\u00e0 xa l\u00eca v\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n x\u00ed th\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u1ed5 sanh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

– Do T\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sanh kh\u1edfi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 kia ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i sanh kh\u1edfi b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 n\u00f3 do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi c\u00f3, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 “Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp”. T\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp m\u00e0 c\u00f3, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec5m. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec5m di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec sanh t\u1eed c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t”. Nh\u01b0ng Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, t\u00ecm “\u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t”.<\/p>\n

Hai \u0110\u1ebf sau l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

2. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1.<\/em><\/p>\n

a. T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5: Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, qu\u00e1n Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

b. T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n: Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n; vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u1eefa; vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a sanh khi\u1ebfn mau sinh; vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 sinh gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

c. T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac: D\u1ee5c, Ni\u1ec7m, T\u1ea5n , Hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

d. N\u0103m c\u0103n v\u00e0 N\u0103m l\u1ef1c : T\u00edn, T\u1ea5n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u0110\u1ecbnh,\u00a0Hu\u1ec7 (n\u0103m m\u00f3n c\u0103n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nhau).<\/p>\n

e. B\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi: Ni\u1ec7m, Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, Tinh ti\u1ebfn, H\u1ef7, Khinh an, \u0110\u1ecbnh, X\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

f. T\u00e1m th\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u00e1nh tinh ti\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5 T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t” \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong ti\u1ebft 2 b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u1ef1 r\u00f5, n\u00f3i ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ra ph\u1ea7n tinh c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh (nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi th\u1ee7).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c hay ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m c\u0103n, n\u0103m l\u1ef1c: C\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c, l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u0103m m\u00f3n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00ean hay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1c chi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 6: N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1i t\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

1. Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Thanh v\u0103n, \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai b\u1eadc Thanh v\u0103n c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i sanh l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadt phi th\u0103ng\u2026 C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. N\u1ebfu \u0111em so s\u00e1nh, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong mu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khinh th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba n\u00ean n\u00f3i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 l\u1eadp danh Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111em th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu \u0111em th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 7: Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111em c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean th\u1eeba qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00f5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3, chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n kho\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

1. Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i. Quan s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gian, s\u00e1u n\u1ebbo lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ba \u0111\u1eddi l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh t\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v.v… kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, thu\u1ea7n \u1edf xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, n\u00ean quan s\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. D\u00f9 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p li\u1ec5u tri t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sanh t\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u00e2n, r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i d\u00e2y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba chia l\u00e0m hai, l\u00e0 Thanh v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 Thanh v\u0103n h\u01a1n, l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Sa m\u00f4n l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t trong b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ee5c. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t gia m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m ngh\u0129a xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 ba. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia y ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao. N\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 hai:<\/p>\n

\u00a0a. H\u1ea1ng \u1edf trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng \u1edf trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u00e1c th\u00fa th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tu ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean h\u00e0ng T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo ni r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u00e1u c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

b. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xong: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngay trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3. N\u00ean h\u00e0ng T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo Ni tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, cha m\u1eb9 h\u1ee9a kh\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y ph\u00e1p th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do nghe, suy ngh\u0129, tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 sanh hu\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

3. H\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1ea1i gia m\u1ed7i b\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c d\u1eb9p tham s\u00e2n si l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c th\u00ec tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec, kh\u00e9o v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c H\u1eefu, nghi\u00eam t\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nghi, r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho ba c\u00f5i”.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn, qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n. B\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia ch\u1ec9 y theo l\u1eddi r\u0103n b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nghi\u00eam gi\u1eef thanh quy, kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt nghi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i! Th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 “l\u00eca t\u1ee5c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi” (\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 oai nghi). \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 “Tu h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p”. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia:<\/p>\n

a. Gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

b. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01a1n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, nghi\u00eam tr\u00ec n\u0103m c\u1ea5m gi\u1edbi, tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p cho m\u00ecnh, kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c sinh l\u00ean tr\u1eddi l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i. L\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i tha.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c quy\u00ean tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb\u00a0thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i”.<\/p>\n

Y theo t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p”<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac nguy, gi\u00fap k\u1ebb g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 (nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i H\u1ed3ng th\u1eadp t\u1ef1, Y vi\u1ec7n v.v…) \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia tin ph\u1ee5ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

4. Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

a. Nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u00e1u n\u1ebbo lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 sau v\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. \u00c1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1o \u00e1c, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i \u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n hay th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u1edf t\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

b. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u0103n l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean ti\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c. N\u00ean c\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xa l\u00eca c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi trong ba c\u00f5i ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p tuy cao c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1ebd h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c d\u00f9 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 khi r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ti\u00eau tan; quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng V\u00f4 sanh (A-la-h\u00e1n) m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ba c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

Ba ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Hai l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ba l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y V\u00f4 sanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ba c\u00f5i sanh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n l\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 hai, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n ba l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u1ec5u tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG III:\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA<\/h3>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i b\u1ea3y ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, chia l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: T\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian. T\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, si\u00eau tho\u00e1t th\u1ebf gian, sau m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi h\u1ed9 ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fang sanh l\u1eadp b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: T\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c. Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i gi\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v.v… m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh di\u1ec7u ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 linh minh \u0111\u1ed5ng tri\u1ec7t, t\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfu vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 trong kinh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “T\u00e2m b\u1ea3n di\u1ec7u”, Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng “T\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n duy th\u1ee9c”. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, t\u00e2m ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “T\u00e2m b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t”. Ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu h\u00e0m dung m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh, b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3, ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m kinh n\u00f3i “V\u00ec y theo B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c A n\u1eadu \u0111a la tam mi\u1ec7u tam B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1”. B\u1edfi y \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh m\u00ea v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi l\u1edbn, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean vui. Bi l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5. H\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t tu kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9, mu\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh, hoa, l\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh, th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt, ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 vui th\u00edch ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gian do ng\u00e3 \u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed1i gi\u00e2y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ng\u00e3 \u00e1i m\u00e0 sanh. \u0110\u00e3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e3 \u00e1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ed1i n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00fac s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung v\u1edbi ng\u00e3, ni\u1ec1m o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, th\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi. H\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb bi trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi, n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3, t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, t\u1ef1 tha kh\u00f4ng hai, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai ch\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111em ra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o, thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi, kh\u00e9o, hay (nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi \u0103n n\u00f3i, gi\u1ecfi ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a), x\u1ea3o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a kinh quy\u1ec1n, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eeba, sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o. L\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ch\u1ed7. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian h\u1eb3n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. N\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ti\u1ec7n nghi, t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c. Ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, quy\u1ebft l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi, sau r\u1ed1t m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. V\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh. C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, to\u00e0n \u1edf l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i), n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. Do \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y \u201cTh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn. Ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh (ti\u1ec7n) kh\u1eafp \u1edf v\u1ecb lai, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 :<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y.<\/p>\n

Hai th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng chung v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Hai th\u1ee9 sau tuy c\u00f9ng chung m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau.<\/p>\n

1. B\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sanh, t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

2. V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec5u sanh t\u1eed th\u00ec tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cho n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng tr\u1ee5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec7n ra t\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00fang sanh. T\u00e1m t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i l\u00e0: T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t gi\u00e1ng sanh, v\u00e0o thai, \u1edf trong thai, ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0o thai, xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

3. V\u00f4 d\u01b0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. Hai th\u1ee9 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0.<\/p>\n

4. H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 t\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn c\u0169ng t\u1eadn. Theo lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn th\u00ec, “Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i” v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t tr\u1ea3i qua danh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1c, c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn duy nh\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng do ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Trong Lu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i “Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed”, do \u1edf ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 m\u00ea v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, \u1edf Th\u00e1nh duy c\u00f3 t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, th\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hai kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, x\u01b0a nay b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n; Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u1eeb bi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v..v…. th\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb bi, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v.v… g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p, x\u1ee9ng t\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 lai, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 6: Kinh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, h\u1ea1nh, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00fd, h\u1ea1nh, qu\u1ea3 quy n\u1ea1p. B\u00e0n ri\u00eang th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00fd m\u00f4n, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh m\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng b\u00ean l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, v\u0103n t\u1ef1, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kinh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n v.v… Ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o th\u00ec bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt nghi, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, h\u00e0nh vi… Nay l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea th\u00e0nh ng\u1ed9, chuy\u1ec3n \u00e1c th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n, chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec5m th\u00e0nh t\u1ecbnh, chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh vui, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e0m th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang sanh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o, d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c v\u0103n t\u1ef1, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c mu\u00f4n cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u1edf ch\u00e2n t\u1ebf kia, th\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u00fd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u00eca ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd kh\u1edfi h\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn kia nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00fd ch\u1ec9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc hai b\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m hai d\u1eb7m cho \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m, h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u1eadp t\u00edn, th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5, th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba, Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd th\u00ec h\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec sung th\u1ef1c. L\u00fd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi h\u1ea1nh, h\u1ea1nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 th\u00f9 s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean dung, l\u00fd c\u0169ng to\u00e0n l\u1ed9 b\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c th\u00f4i<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, Gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kinh gi\u00e1o. L\u00fd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. H\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9, mu\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o, di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n m\u00f4n t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n, trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n n\u00e0y qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n kh\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean d\u1ef1a b\u00ean n\u00e0o m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng. L\u1ea5y kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3nh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn l\u00e0m t\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba theo s\u1ef1 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 7: Ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y kinh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 xi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngh\u0129a l\u00fd. L\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

1. T\u00f4ng Tam Lu\u1eadn.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng Tam Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, t\u00f4ng T\u1ee9 Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i Tam Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y Trung lu\u1eadn, Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb M\u00f4n lu\u1eadn (\u0111\u1ec1u do B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd t\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 B\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn (\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 t\u1ea1o) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Sau th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng T\u1ee9 Lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, kinh Kim Cang, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a t\u00e2m kinh v.v… n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. V\u00ec t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ngh\u0129a KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh n\u00f3i r\u00f5 “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng”.<\/p>\n

Kinh Kim Cang n\u00f3i “Ph\u00e0m c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng”, l\u1ea1i “N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai”<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n “Tam lu\u1eadn” l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3nh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam ba quy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Ph\u00e1 v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn, v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y di\u1ec7u t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00f4ng Duy Th\u1ee9c.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y y c\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ba t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ba v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng l\u00fd ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p. L\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng “Ba c\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m, mu\u00f4n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c” n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00f4ng Duy Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c. Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, do Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch. Kinh lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00eanh mang, l\u00fd c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi t\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1edfi th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh “m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng” n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “h\u1eb1ng sa phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e2m, ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u h\u1ea1nh\u201d. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y tuy n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng \u00fd c\u1ed1t r\u00f5 L\u00fd kh\u1edfi H\u1ea1nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian \u0111em chia ch\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

3. T\u00f4ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u1ea5y kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t huy r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb vua th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eb7ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi t\u00f4ng Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed7 Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Nghi\u00eam, t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Thi\u00ean Th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 Hoa Nghi\u00eam h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a L\u00fd T\u1ea3o B\u00e1, ngh\u0129a tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, song t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam m\u00e0 ra. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0 Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Hoa Nghi\u00eam Huy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0m, Hoa Nghi\u00eam S\u1edb Sao. L\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Khu\u00ea Phong c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c s\u1edb sao, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee5ng tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u “nh\u00e2n g\u1ed3m bi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 su\u1ed1t ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n”, n\u00ean t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y H\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb H\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng Qu\u1ea3, t\u1eeb Th\u1eadp t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9, m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

4. T\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Thai.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4ng Tam Lu\u1eadn y ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh (ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng) t\u00f4ng Duy Th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 L\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi H\u1ea1nh, t\u00f4ng Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u1eeb H\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng Qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Thai th\u00ec r\u00f5 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. Thi\u00ean Thai l\u00e0 t\u00ean n\u00fai, th\u1eddi L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i n\u00fai n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t huy t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, n\u00ean theo ch\u1ed7 \u1edf m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Thai. Nh\u01b0ng, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, vua th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eb7ng ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7u Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 (trong lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3) n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gian, l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i \u0111em Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y Quy\u1ec1n, r\u1ed1t sau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 khai Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n r\u00f5 Th\u1ef1c”. V\u00ec Th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u00e0y ra Quy\u1ec1n, Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd duy Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng k\u1eb9t \u1edf danh ng\u00f4n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi b\u00e0y ra quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o, n\u00ean n\u00f3i: Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba khi\u1ebfn quay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Khai Quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3n Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p c\u0103n l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, n\u00ean l\u1ea1i m\u1edf b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ecf Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n x\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

G\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n t\u00f4ng tr\u00ean th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o, L\u00fd, H\u1ea1nh, Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 8: Ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba L\u00fd m\u00f4n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i L\u00fd m\u00f4n duy ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng ch\u01a1n l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd kinh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y tham ng\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n” l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1eady. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9, sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf. Chi ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nay ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n hai t\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u00e2m T\u1ebf, T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Nh\u00e3n, V\u00e2n M\u00f4n, Quy Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7ng m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 do cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi Minh, t\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng B\u00e1 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n sang (Ho\u00e0ng B\u00e1 c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1i, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c Ho\u00e0ng B\u00e1 th\u1eddi Minh) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng L\u00e2m T\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tham ng\u1ed9. Sau khi tham ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng lu\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00ec sau khi tham ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tu ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i L\u00e2m T\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 L\u00e2m T\u1ebf Ngh\u0129a Huy\u1ec1n x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp (\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng B\u00e1) n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba danh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u00f4ng. T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean n\u00fai T\u00e0o S\u01a1n, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9ng S\u01a1n, t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh do th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng. Kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0o, m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trung Hoa t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Minh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c L\u00fd m\u00f4n r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, b\u1edfi ngo\u00e0i Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ra, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. X\u00e9t t\u1eeb l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1edfi cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, V\u00f5 T\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 d\u1eb9p suy t\u00e0n, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00f5 T\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, song \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1n, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5. Ri\u00eang c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 ngay trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai, h\u1ee3p hai ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau tham c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u k\u00edn, \u1ea3o di\u1ec7u trong kinh lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m x\u01b0a nay, ch\u00ednh khi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft minh cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5. C\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, Minh h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 mang s\u1eafc th\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hai l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, n\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp trong to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 9: Ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba H\u1ea1nh m\u00f4n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i H\u1ea1nh m\u00f4n n\u00e0y tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, t\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 minh gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 l\u00fd. T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai.<\/p>\n

1. Lu\u1eadt T\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng: Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1ng trong ba t\u1ea1ng, do Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh noi theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tu tr\u00ec h\u1ea1nh nghi l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang nghi\u00eam gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi oai nghi.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp thu Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u00a0a. T\u00e1c<\/p>\n

\u00a0b. Ch\u1ec9<\/p>\n

\u00a0c. Tr\u00ec<\/p>\n

\u00a0d. Ph\u1ea1m<\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, nay y ph\u00e1p th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m \u00e1c, nay y ph\u00e1p s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i; ph\u1ea1m th\u00ec l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 s\u00e1m, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi T\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1eebng d\u1ee9t. D\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ea1o (nh\u01b0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c). Ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. Tr\u00ec lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u00e1c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00ec c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

\u00a01. X\u1ea3 tr\u00ec<\/p>\n

\u00a02. Th\u1ee7 tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u00e1c tr\u00ec x\u1ea3, ch\u1edb n\u00ean g\u00e2y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 tr\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh th\u00ec th\u1ee7, ch\u1edb n\u00ean cho m\u1ea5t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi, c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m. Ph\u00e0m b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0m qu\u1ef9 ph\u1ea1m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt nghi, h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1eeba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba, Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1eeba. Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi: s\u00e1t, tr\u1ed9m, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba th\u00ec gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m (ba nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia th\u1ecd m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi d\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m), \u00c1c kh\u1ea9u, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7t, v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, \u1ef7 ng\u1eef (b\u1ed1n nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea9u, so v\u1edbi v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba th\u00ec r\u00f5), Tham, S\u00e2n, Si (ba th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p. Gi\u1edbi u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi hay khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea7n tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n).<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n th\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Sa di c\u00f9ng Sa di ni \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ec9 T\u1ef3 kheo hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1edbi, T\u1ef3 kheo ni h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m gi\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 Thanh v\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh trong lu\u1eadt Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng (10 tr\u1ecdng, 48 khinh). L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kinh An L\u1ea1c ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t B\u1ed5n Nghi\u1ec7p, kinh \u01afu B\u00e0 T\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ecdc X\u1ee9 v.v…<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u1eeba tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ri\u00eang g\u1ecdi Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi khinh trong lu\u1eadt Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng, l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Sao th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean qu\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 quy n\u1ea1p dung h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng hai, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba. L\u1eadp ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n :<\/p>\n

1. Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt nghi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00eca l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00edch c\u1ef1c: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gom g\u00f3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i).<\/p>\n

3. L\u1ee3i tha: V\u00ec sao ch\u1eb3ng lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i? Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang sanh, n\u00ean chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf h\u1ea1nh l\u1ee3i tha.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng ba ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y th\u00ec, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2. Li\u00ean t\u00f4ng: (Dung th\u00f4ng Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Th\u1eddi t\u00f4ng).<\/em><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean t\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. N\u00f3i T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t trang nghi\u00eam, thanh t\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec1u do hoa sen h\u00f3a sanh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Trung Hoa t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1eddi T\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec5n x\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft Li\u00ean x\u00e3, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi long th\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Li\u00ean t\u00f4ng. Kinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n

– Kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

– Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0.<\/p>\n

– Kinh Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ba kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc l\u00fd tinh vi, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0 r\u1ea5t xa, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u A Di \u0110\u00e0, ph\u00e1t th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 s\u1ed1, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tin ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kia, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh. Ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, tr\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

1. Ni\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt : T\u00e2m nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kia c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, ba minh, s\u00e1u th\u00f4ng, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

2. Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt: Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kia c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1, qu\u00e1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kia trang nghi\u00eam an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

3. Tr\u00ec danh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt: T\u1ee9c y theo kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd, x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi danh l\u1eebng, c\u0169ng chia ra nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u1ede Tr\u1ea5n T\u00e2y chia l\u00e0m t\u00e1m ph\u00e1i, \u1edf T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chia ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5. C\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u do Trung Qu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean g\u1ed3m v\u00e0o Li\u00ean t\u00f4ng. T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1eadp th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba.<\/p>\n

\u00a01. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt dung th\u00f4ng t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a02. Th\u1eddi t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a03. T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i H\u1ea1nh m\u00f4n (r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n sau). \u0110\u00e2y xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai t\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt dung th\u00f4ng: T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia trong l\u00fac ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m”.<\/p>\n

\u00dd n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 v\u00e0 Tha kh\u00f4ng hai. \u0110\u00e3 x\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00ec truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp, n\u00ean l\u1eadp ra t\u00f4ng Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt dung th\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 v\u00e0 Tha\u00a0\u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee3 ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd dung th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi T\u00f4ng: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt trong l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung. L\u1eadp ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e3ng sanh, c\u00f2n l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb th\u00f4i. T\u1eeb hai ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ra hai \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

a. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. Theo \u00fd n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m chung, th\u00ec t\u00e2m sanh kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ebf, th\u00ec e r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

b. Quan tr\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung c\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. \u00dd n\u00e0y, l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, t\u00e2m, \u00fd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e3ng sanh. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 10: Ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, c\u00f5i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 gia h\u1ed9 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f5i m\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u1edf, b\u00e0y ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh. Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam m\u1eadt sung th\u1ef1c, r\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. L\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

1. T\u00f4ng Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y tr\u00ec ch\u00fa l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n Tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a \u1edf th\u1ebf gian t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00e9o b\u00e0y ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft, ghi ch\u00e9p th\u00e0nh v\u0103n t\u1ef1, th\u1ef1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n. Ri\u00eang T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ng\u1eef l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Danh, C\u00fa, V\u0103n, Th\u00e2n, Gi\u00e1o, Ngh\u0129a, H\u1ea1nh, Tu cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n. L\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00fa ng\u1eef n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. Do kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i M\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fa v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u0110\u1ea1i Bi, ngo\u00e0i ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean r\u00f5. S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng Ph\u1ea1m \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec ch\u00fa l\u00e0 \u1edf tam nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, tay h\u1eb3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng t\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa \u0110\u1ea1i Bi v.v… m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n); t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1m (ch\u1eef \u00c1n, ch\u1eef Lam…) g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u1ea4n, l\u1eddi, ch\u1eef c\u00f9ng ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, \u00fd nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gia tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean di\u1ec5n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng, tuy l\u1ea5y ba kinh c\u1ee7a T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef “Tin”. Ch\u1ed7 tin \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c, thu\u1ea7n y theo Tha l\u1ef1c, Ch\u00ednh t\u00edn. Nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00ean gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t. B\u1edfi c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, n\u00ean li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o ph\u00e1i Qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4n. V\u1ecb t\u0103ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7u Th\u00e2n Loan, vua ban cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

3. T\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt Li\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt Li\u00ean, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u Nh\u1eadt Li\u00ean l\u1eadp, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean t\u00f4ng. T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Thai m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

X\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 \u0111em kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau chia l\u00e0m hai m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 T\u00edch m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sau l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n m\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian s\u1ed1 v\u00e0i m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean v.v… c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi ri\u00eang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh\u2026 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ecdt l\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadt Li\u00ean th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u “\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa Kinh” l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n (ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y B\u1ea3n m\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i); th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 11: N\u1ed9i dung c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hai.<\/p>\n

1. T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. B\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

2. R\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1eeba, th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u bao dung tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong \u0111\u00f3; nh\u01b0 tr\u0103m s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i : “N\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y th\u1ec3 Ma ha di\u1ec5n, n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m sinh di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i, T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1i, D\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Nh\u01b0 Lai”.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 12: \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh, n\u00f3i th\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. Th\u1ef1c th\u00ec t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u n\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh vi th\u00f4i. H\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt nghi, l\u1ea1i hay ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed \u0111em ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi \u01afu B\u00e0 T\u1eafc, \u01afu B\u00e0 Di, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi Sa di, Sa di Ni, T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo Ni, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecd Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c\u2026 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n c\u01b0 s\u0129 Duy Ma C\u1eadt nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1eady<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG IV:\u00a0QUAN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eeeA TI\u1ec2U TH\u1eeaA V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA<\/h3>\n

Hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc chia ra n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 l\u1eabn nhau. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u ti\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau c\u1ea5p b\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0 Quy y Tam b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u1eadp t\u00edn, tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, n\u00ean n\u00f3i Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. T\u1eeb Th\u1eadp t\u00edn ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i tr\u1ee5. Ch\u1ed7 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba th\u00f4ng nhau, cho n\u00ean Thanh v\u0103n, \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh, Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng Tr\u1eddi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0 t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba, \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nhau. Th\u00ec bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u1ed1t do hay ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eady. Sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, nguy\u00ean v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh ng\u0103n che, m\u00ea m\u1ea5t t\u00e1nh Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. L\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ed h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ee9c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kham, do \u0111\u1ea5y tu h\u00e0nh ngay \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 Sa m\u00f4n, n\u00ean ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e3 nghe Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 li\u1ec5u tri kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3. Ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, song nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn theo \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u00ea ph\u00e1p. Do c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh tu c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m duy\u00ean th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i tu ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu h\u1ed3i Ti\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec h\u1ea1nh tu c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 s\u00e1u c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng\u00a0lung, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh, nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 sanh \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c do \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, tu ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh, nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu c\u1ee9 th\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t ba t\u00e2m, li\u1ec5u sanh t\u1eed, l\u00eca tham \u00e1i c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: \u0110\u1eddi sau kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh thu\u1eadn theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, b\u1edfi do t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Trung Hoa t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n, c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00edt l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u00edt tu t\u1eadp theo \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec thu\u1edf Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi, hai nghi\u1ec7p S\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. Do vi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe li\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3u, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem c\u01a1 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3. Nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 t\u00e2m ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd h\u1ed3i Ti\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, s\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00ec k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau xem c\u01a1, ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p hai b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a kham. N\u1ebfu d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp theo Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai ng\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean th\u00e0 b\u1ecf Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng cho h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m l\u1edbn, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 minh t\u00e2m ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh, tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t khi ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u1ed9, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba cho \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 6: B\u00ed y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea th\u00e0nh ng\u1ed9, ph\u00e1t sanh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i!<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh, tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2y hay t\u00edn th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf b\u00e0y cho h\u1ecd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 quy\u1ebft ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu m\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111em ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c sinh khinh s\u1ee3, ho\u1eb7c sinh h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 ph\u00ed m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u00edch g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i \u0111em b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh khai th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn, Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Kh\u1ed5, Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kia ch\u01b0a l\u00eca tham \u00e1i, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho nghe b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 thanh t\u1ecbnh vi di\u1ec7u, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p sinh di\u1ec7t n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed7ng rang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c l\u1ee3i trong khi nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u00ed y\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, l\u1ee3i sinh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

PH\u1eacT PH\u00c1P \u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG<\/h3>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ed\u00f9nh ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111em s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 c\u00e1i c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 sau (D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba, \u0111\u00f4n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba).<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG I:\u00a0B\u00ccNH LU\u1eacN C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C H\u1eccC PH\u00c1I C\u00c1C T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O\u00a0TRONG TH\u1ebe GIAN<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, n\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 qua.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0nh Trung \u0111\u00e3 qua. \u0110\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

a. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc, mu\u1ed1n n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u00f3. Lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u1edf \u00c2u T\u00e2y, c\u00f3 Nh\u1ea5t Nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, Nh\u1ecb Nguy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, Duy V\u1eadt lu\u1eadn, Duy T\u00e2m lu\u1eadnv.v… (xin tham kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1ch Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc Ch\u00ednh Qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0nh Trung).<\/p>\n

b. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng: Chuy\u00ean \u0111em nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (xin tham kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1ch Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c T\u00e2n Ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0nh Trung).<\/p>\n

c. Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o: Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Gia T\u00f4, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (xin tham kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e1 Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0nh Trung).<\/p>\n

d. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn: Do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng theo tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn (xin tham kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1ch T\u00f4ng \u0110\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0nh Trung).<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n n\u00f3i \u1edf ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua. Ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng x\u01b0a nay c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00c2u T\u00e2y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 lan r\u1ed9ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i li\u1ec7t ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ef1a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t ban ph\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn ra th\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc xin n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Khoa\u00a0h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba h\u1ecdc.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ea5t h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc. Khoa h\u1ecdc tuy ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ba b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, bao nhi\u00eau nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb Gia T\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n. Sau nh\u00f3m T\u00e2n gi\u00e1o x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i C\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Gia T\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c t\u01b0 tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 qu\u1eadt kh\u1edfi. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i th\u00ec kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 Hy L\u1ea1p m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edbng minh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111em nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. S\u1ee9c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. Nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, Gia T\u00f4 gi\u00e1o th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

a. Tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3: Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c do nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. N\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2y thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cTuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n”.<\/p>\n

b. Tr\u1ecdng kinh nghi\u1ec7m: Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng su\u00f4ng, h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean c\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

c. Tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00f2ng n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. Kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u00ec chia s\u1ed1 n\u0103m ra quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec, do s\u1ed1 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf chia ra th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i chia ra ng\u00e0y, gi\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn chia ra th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 ph\u00fat, gi\u00e2y… m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. L\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ed9, bao nhi\u00eau ph\u00e2n, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o (nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a sinh l\u00fd) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian. Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u01a1ng ba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u do hai gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian) v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng gian). Kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u1edfi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o, thuy\u1ebft minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p, bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 y b\u00e1o, ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, g\u1ea7n th\u00ec tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, xa th\u00ec c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u1edbn l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 vi tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m trong n\u0103m \u1ea5m, s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u00edch t\u1ee5) gi\u1ea3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (s\u00e1t na sanh di\u1ec7t) gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi…). Th\u1ebf n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao th\u1ebf? B\u1edfi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba th\u00ec ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c n\u00ean c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t, th\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. V\u00ec h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n \u0111em tr\u00ed \u00f3c th\u00e1o v\u00e1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3 sanh di\u1ec7t kia, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba lo\u1ea1i ra, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc (sanh di\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng) c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba thu v\u00e0o, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn (Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t). V\u00ec ch\u1ed7 th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean c\u00e1i b\u1ecf, l\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, lu\u1eadn l\u00fd, t\u00e2m l\u00fd… c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, bao la trong \u0111\u00f3. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1eadp ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n, ph\u1ea1m vi so c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft “H\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. L\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 hai.<\/p>\n

\u00a01. T\u00ecm ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u00a02. T\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3n minh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. Sau, hay ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf s\u1ef1 truy c\u1ee9u v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. H\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. B\u1edfi b\u00ean Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft sinh di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 sinh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba n\u00ean h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1o, L\u00fd, H\u1ea1nh, Qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5. Gi\u00e1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, L\u00fd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1edf n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1nh c\u00f9ng Qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i: “Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng minh nguy\u00ean th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111em tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. S\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb x\u01b0a nay l\u00e0 v\u00ec tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp gi\u1ea3 danh \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean, Nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, \u0110a nguy\u00ean, Duy v\u1eadt, Duy t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00ean h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi nay \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc x\u01b0a l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f9 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u01b0a l\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp c\u00f2n trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Nay \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1m n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

1. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed7 Uy.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed7 Uy, n\u00ean t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ed7 Uy m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng t\u00ecm thuy\u1ebft minh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu d\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u1edf th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean sinh ho\u1ea1t chung. S\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eady. N\u00ean h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi nay ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1eb3n t\u00f9y th\u1eddi, t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng tr\u1ecdn m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n, kh\u00e1t u\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i \u0103n kh\u00e1t u\u1ed1ng, \u0103n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, u\u1ed1ng \u0103n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Y theo thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e2u ng\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

2. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u00c2u C\u0103n.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u1edf h\u00e0nh vi sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, trong ph\u1ea7n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd n\u00f3i “Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, sinh m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh”.<\/p>\n

3. Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i B\u00e1 C\u00e1ch Sum<\/em><\/p>\n

(Bergson, – Henri – 1859-1941 tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p) c\u00f9ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00edch qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i La T\u1ed1 Nh\u0129 (?).<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i B\u00e1 C\u00e1ch Sum l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1i La T\u1ed1 Nh\u0129 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u00fd l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edch Qu\u00e1n. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c (Kant 1724-1804 Tri\u1ebft gia \u0110\u1ee9c. T\u01b0 T\u00e2n T\u1eafc Spencer h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, tinh v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc 1820-1903) b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri, ch\u1ec9 suy tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u01b0 T\u00e2n T\u1eafc n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng “s\u1ef1 l\u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri, c\u0169ng kh\u1ea3 tri” b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri, b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri n\u00ean g\u00e1c qua ch\u1eb3ng b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng hai nh\u00e0 kia h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng do ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng tri n\u00ean b\u1ea5t tri. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf B\u00e1 C\u00e1ch Sum l\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00fd. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho n\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a H\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. V\u1ea3, \u0111em tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 danh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ba c\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c, t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n \u1edf hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1ed7ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch H\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai ch\u1eef t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 r\u1eddi ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft, r\u1eddi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, r\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00f4n, d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o. Song t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e2y. Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00f4n ph\u00e1i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. V\u1ea3, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu (nh\u01b0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v.v…) l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy m\u1ed7i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh g\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 sinh ra m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n minh.<\/p>\n

1. M\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ef7 linh.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3i qu\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n linh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n ph\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n; t\u00ean tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, sau khi ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n. Nay xin \u0111em m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ec7ch, n\u00ean m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb minh \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i linh h\u1ed3n, n\u1ebfu theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ebf gian cho l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb B\u1ed5 \u0110\u1eb7c Gi\u00e0 La c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed5 \u0110\u1eb7c Gi\u00e0 La l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, sau khi ch\u1ebft theo nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n trong sanh t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 linh h\u1ed3n kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 r\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean kia h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi qu\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u00fac sanh, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, c\u00f3 sanh t\u1eed, c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1, n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u1edf chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00ean qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sanh l\u00e0m qu\u1ef7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sanh l\u00e0m qu\u1ef7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n sanh v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c s\u00fac v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eb3n r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef7. B\u1edfi do nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n trong sanh t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00fa v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9c l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n sanh t\u1eed n\u00e0y th\u00ec ngh\u0129a qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 v\u00e0 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m theo l\u1ed1i qu\u1ef7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

2. M\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh.<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean s\u1ed1, thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong th\u1ebf gian c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt chi\u00eam tinh, chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1, \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ec7nh, xem t\u01b0\u1edbng\u2026 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n xung quanh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0u, sang, d\u1ed1t, gi\u1ecfi, th\u1ecd, y\u1ec3u, sanh, t\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t \u1ea9m, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00e1t \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng do ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3i, to\u00e1n, x\u00e9t t\u00ednh, mu\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c mong ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n. Do \u0111\u00e2y ngo\u00e0i \u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7u may, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nghi\u1ec5m nh\u1eadn nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3, ri\u00eang c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh thao t\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee9 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf gian. C\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch, ch\u1ec9 mong m\u1ecfi c\u00e1i may m\u1eafn b\u00e2ng qu\u01a1, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tin. B\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c do d\u1ef1a theo th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c do hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u1ea7m cho nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 thao t\u00fang \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i do t\u00e2m, t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c bi\u1ebft, \u1eaft b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c. Quy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t phen nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 b\u1ecf, th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 \u00edch v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

3. M\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu do \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n (thu\u1eadt th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho l\u00fd n\u00e0y). Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 minh li\u1ec5u \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Y c\u1ee9 l\u00fd Duy th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u0103m ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

\u00a01. L\u00fac ng\u1ee7 say.<\/p>\n

\u00a02. L\u00fac ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea5c.<\/p>\n

\u00a03. V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u00a04. V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a05. Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i theo th\u1ebf gian th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 sanh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m d\u1ee9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi. \u1ede trong \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3, t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng (nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o gia cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01b0 v\u00f4).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1ee5c \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi, b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a r\u00f5, l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt. \u0110\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0 v\u00f4 n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh; v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong \u00fd c\u0103n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f2n v\u1eady. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1i h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0 v\u00f4 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, th\u00ec trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ea5p cho l\u00e0 hay, kh\u00e9o \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ph\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

4. M\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u01b0a r\u1ea5t \u01b0a th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 song kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1eafm nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c). \u0110\u00e2y y c\u1ee9 theo Kh\u1ebf kinh n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a; Ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 Ti\u00ean Th\u00fa trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3nh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i. Th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh, d\u01b0\u1edbi lo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00ean Th\u00fa nh\u00e2n tu s\u1eafc \u1ea5m ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u1eafc \u1ea5m ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, cho l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ti\u00ean. M\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tuy so v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1eddi c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed3i, hu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f5i V\u00f4 S\u1eafc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, Th\u1ea7n Ti\u00ean c\u0169ng theo nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u00e1o, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n sinh t\u1eed, d\u00f9 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n tu\u1ed5i, khi nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, v\u1eabn \u1edf trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG II: QUAN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eeeA PH\u1eacT TH\u1eeaA C\u00d9NG NG\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1edcI<\/h3>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00eca kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u1edf lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u00fang sanh trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a, di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quy h\u01b0\u1edbng chung cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111em lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ph\u1ea1m vi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: \u1ede nh\u00e2n gian hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y \u0111em ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1edfi th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, y\u00eau ma qu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1i l\u1ee3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u tu h\u00e0nh. K\u1ebb l\u1ee3i c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tan nghi ho\u1eb7c, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kinh s\u1ee3, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng, \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u00ea lo\u1ea1n, di\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tu, n\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, ph\u00e1t l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng k\u00ednh tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n t\u00edn sanh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u1edfi tu h\u00e0nh, y nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00fd tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c; nh\u00ecn l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, tr\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee7i th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t c\u00f4ng danh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 t\u1ed9t, tu h\u00e0nh Th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i cao si\u00eau, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u00edt, c\u1ea1n l\u1eafm \u01b0?<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba. V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3, t\u00f9y nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1o, v\u1ed1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m lo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n x\u01b0a nay tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00e2m mong mu\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p. Ng\u00e0i M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m, \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00c2u T\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i “Si\u00eau nh\u00e2n”. Cho n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed, b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i xa r\u1eddi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c cao si\u00eau! Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u trong Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

1. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u1edf tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi1, k\u1ebf tu m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed. Do m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh nh\u1eabn, do m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

– Ba nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n: 1. Gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, 2. Tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, 3. T\u00e0 d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1n nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng: 4. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi d\u1eef, 5. N\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u00f4i chi\u1ec1u, 6. N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1ecdng, 7. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00eau d\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– Ba nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00fd: 8. Tham, 9. S\u00e2n, 10. Si.<\/p>\n

Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 hay sinh nh\u1eabn: sinh nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1edf trong sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 hay nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. B\u1edfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y theo sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n kh\u1edfi tham, t\u1ea1o \u00e1c, hay an thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u00fd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 an ph\u1eadn gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh. D\u1ea7u b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp, k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i. Th\u00ed, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 hay c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt nh\u1eefng sinh m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111em c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 ti\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 suy ra. Ch\u1ec9 tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cay \u0111\u1eafng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba g\u1ed1c \u1edf tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba c\u00f5i:<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f5i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 hai<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f5i s\u1eafc c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

\u00a0C\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 h\u1ea1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac… qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u00e8n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u00eca, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf n\u0103m d\u1ee5c (n\u0103m d\u1ee5c th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i, s\u1eafc, danh, th\u1ef1c, th\u00f9y) m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00edt d\u1ee5c (d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c). X\u1ea3 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1o, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f5i S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. L\u1ea1i x\u00e3 b\u1ecf c\u00f5i s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00f5i Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u1ecf nhanh, ti\u1ebfn nhanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tinh ti\u1ebfn. Tinh ti\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tinh thu\u1ea7n, chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u00f9i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian c\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00f3i, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eb3n l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft trong ph\u00e1p tu l\u00e0 hay gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i, hay b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00ec l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi, th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u tu th\u00ec c\u0103n l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp. L\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa tu h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, v\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ef1c th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ecbnh, X\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0103n l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2u d\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo \u00e1c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ef1c hi\u1ec1n, hi\u1ec1n mong c\u1ea7u l\u00ean th\u00e1nh, th\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 vui tai, c\u1ed1t khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gian. Do v\u00ec h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3. D\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf th\u00ec ngay n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea5c thang \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh; c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ecd c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t huy r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 6: Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong ngu\u1ed3n l\u1eb7ng trong ch\u1ea3y ra m\u1edbi thu\u1ea7n s\u1ea1ch. D\u1ef1a theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i Quy y Tam b\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n \u1edf l\u1eabn trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ho\u00e1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, th\u1eadt ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebft. B\u1edfi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, song c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh th\u1ebf v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a trong \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG III: PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O L\u01afU TRUY\u1ec0N \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI NG\u01af\u1edcI \u0110\u1edcI\u00a0TRONG HI\u1ec6N T\u1ea0I V\u00c0 T\u01af\u01a0NG LAI<\/h3>\n

C\u1ea7n d\u1ee9t ngu\u1ed3n lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, g\u00e2y t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, xin ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ngay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT I: Ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ho\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p x\u01b0a nay th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc xin b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee5, nh\u1eadm tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n, qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 canh c\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0\u00a0Sa di, Sa di Ni, T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo Ni\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean T\u0103ng ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi g\u1ecdi chung ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u00edp ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) tuy c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec lu\u00f4ng tu\u1ed3ng, c\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef7 l\u1ed9n l\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e1m mong h\u1ecd ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong Gi\u00e1c X\u00e3 T\u00f9ng Th\u01b0, H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m, Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Ch\u00e1nh T\u00edn.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia m\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia t\u00edn tu ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

V\u00ec h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia, vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tu, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 v\u1eafng v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i \u1ed3n n\u00e1o. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn nghi ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u b\u1ed1 trong th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y theo ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t “t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00e0 hay \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c”. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia quan tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin tu theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 n\u1eefa n\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Ch\u00e1nh T\u00edn cho c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu do t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c lan r\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, cho \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u00f2ng l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Thai, T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, Thi\u1ec1n\u2026 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (Trung Qu\u1ed1c) th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c T\u0103ng ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ebfn nay nh\u1eefng quy ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y mau l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia, th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u1eadp ra ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 chung l\u1eadp. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng hay t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, th\u1eadt hay r\u00f5 l\u00fd tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn tu ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 vui. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 hay ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 coi nh\u01b0 xong tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u00e1o \u00e2n Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5, l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i bi n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9, mu\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u1ed3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tr\u00e1i nhau xa h\u1eb3n. V\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p l\u1ee3i r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e2m b\u00e1o \u00e2n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t l\u1edbn, h\u00e0nh theo h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o \u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 5: Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1ea1i gia, xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ec1u ri\u00eang c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ecb. V\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c ranh gi\u1edbi, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn xa, t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai lan kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khi \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. D\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 6: T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u1ecbnh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh, ba nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ecbnh thanh, t\u1ea1i gia m\u00e0 t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 xu\u1ea5t gia kia c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft : h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00fac ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia kham nh\u1eadn n\u1ed5i, h\u1eb3n c\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t gia si\u00eang tu ba m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu m\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i: D\u00f9 \u0111\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, tuy quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, song \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Xin t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng!<\/p>\n

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i trong \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i qua. Tuy l\u00e0 n\u00f3i “\u0111\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu” nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh. Mong qu\u00fd v\u1ecb nghe r\u1ed3i kh\u00e9o th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3! \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn qua ph\u1ea7n quy k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

QUY T\u00daC<\/h3>\n

Quy t\u00fac l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9. Nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u01a1i quy t\u00fac, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Quy t\u00fac g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: Quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0, \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta tuy trong t\u00e2m s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ee7 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o cho, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u00e2u t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft. Nay nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta, n\u00ean l\u00f2ng tin n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m quy t\u00fac. Quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

1. H\u00f4m nay l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, qu\u1ef7 linh\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta tin ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta quy t\u00fac.<\/p>\n

2. H\u00f4m nay l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u1eddi, r\u1ed3ng, qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hay gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n gi\u00e1c th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang sanh, t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Do th\u1ee7y gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 danh t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu r\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u1edf ph\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt, \u1edf th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khai ph\u00e1t Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: Quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, th\u1eadp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7t. Nay \u0111\u00e3 quy t\u00fac th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o, L\u00fd, H\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sanh t\u1eed sai bi\u1ec7t, h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quy t\u00fac; v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: Quy t\u00fac Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4ng tu\u1ed3ng, l\u1ed9n l\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i. Nay \u0111\u00e3 quy t\u00fac th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt tu h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i “Quy t\u00fac Tam b\u1ea3o”, \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed2I TH\u00da<\/h3>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n “Quy t\u00fac Tam b\u1ea3o” ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng trong t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c th\u1eafng duy\u00ean sanh, th\u1ef1c hay cung k\u00ednh t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec c\u0103n l\u00e0nh th\u00eam l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy t\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n H\u1ed3i th\u00fa. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 “\u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n”, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3i th\u00fa g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 1: B\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i th\u00fa ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf l\u00f2ng tin quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1edfi tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Tin: Nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u1ecdng, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp cao l\u1edbn l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n; kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i b\u1ecf t\u00e0 \u00e1c, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, Nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 L\u00fd ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. B\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00fd, b\u1ecf Nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3, b\u1ecf T\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Tha, th\u1ebf n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “H\u1ed3i th\u00fa”.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 2: H\u1ed3i th\u00fa Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf sai bi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fd th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng hai, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng hai n\u00e0y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0”. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “H\u1ed3i S\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd”.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 3: H\u1ed3i th\u00fa V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed1i trong nh\u00e2n tu h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o Qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o sanh t\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 “H\u1ed3i Nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng Qu\u1ea3”.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 A N\u1eadu \u0110\u00e0 La Tam Mi\u1ec7u Tam B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

TI\u1ebeT 4: H\u1ed3i th\u00fa h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ngay trong t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi l\u1edbn, b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 “H\u1ed3i T\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Tha”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e3. Th\u1ec3, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u00fac, tu\u1ec7, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m, tu h\u00e0nh mu\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh. Ba t\u00e2m g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp vi\u00ean dung, \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u1ea1c, Ch\u00e2n, T\u1ecbnh \u01b0?<\/p>\n

PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C<\/h3>\n

TI\u1ec2U S\u1eec \u0110\u1ea0I S\u01af TH\u00c1I H\u01af<\/h4>\n

(Theo H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00c2m X\u00e3) – (1889 – 1947)<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecd L\u1eef, h\u00fay l\u00e0 Duy T\u00e2m t\u1ef1 Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 sinh ng\u00e0y 2-12 n\u0103m 1889, \u0111\u1eddi vua Quang T\u1ef1 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 15 t\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n S\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh Tri\u1ebft Giang, Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i t\u1eeb thu\u1edf b\u00e9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7y y\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, nh\u1edd b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh, l\u1eddi kinh ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec7 h\u00f4m s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt trong l\u00f2ng ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m l\u00ean 9, theo b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00fai C\u1eedu Hoa. N\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng n\u00fai Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0. T\u1eeb d\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 16 tu\u1ed5i (1904 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 30 \u0111\u1eddi vua Quang T\u1ef1), Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia. R\u1ee7i \u0111i nh\u1ea7m thuy\u1ec1n qua T\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn Ti\u1ec3u C\u1eedu Hoa, xin xu\u1ea5t gia v\u1edbi Khoan C\u00f4ng, Khoan C\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Minh, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ra m\u1eaft s\u01b0 t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Tr\u00e1ng Ni\u00ean L\u00e3o Nh\u00e2n. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1eaft t\u00f3c, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng K\u00ednh An K\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n \u1edf ch\u00f9a Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng. Gi\u1edbi tr\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gi\u1edbi t\u1eed, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p lanh l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t; H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng K\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n khen l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang t\u00e1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, Ng\u00e0i theo ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 K\u1ef3 X\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 Thi\u00ean Thai Gi\u00e1o Qu\u00e1n c\u00f9ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gian. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe c\u00e1c b\u1eadc danh s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ea1o Giai, \u0110\u1ebf Nh\u00e0n\u2026 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam\u2026. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ng\u00e0i tham c\u1ee9u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng K\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n. S\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 18 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf T\u1eeb Kh\u00ea. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Ng\u00e0i b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean qu\u00ean l\u1eedng th\u00e2n, c\u1ea3nh, trong t\u00e2m r\u1ed7ng su\u1ed1t, v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t, tr\u1ea3i qua h\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng khoan kho\u00e1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, m\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong l\u00f2ng. L\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m nghi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ng\u1eef l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng c\u0169ng tan r\u00e3 nh\u01b0 b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi Thanh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u du nh\u1eadp Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u1eeda b\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Hoa S\u01a1n, Kinh \u00c1i\u2026 th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p thu t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf. Ri\u00eang Ng\u00e0i, l\u00fac \u1ea5y v\u1eabn say s\u01b0a trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat xao xuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Sau, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Khang H\u1eefu Vi, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau, v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi l\u1eadp th\u1ec7 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea7n lao, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, trang s\u1eed v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i m\u1edf ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng n\u0103m Tuy\u00ean Th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1909) Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba 21 tu\u1ed5i, theo H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng K\u00fd\u00f9 Thi\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Giang T\u00f4. N\u0103m sau, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Ho\u00e0n \u1edf n\u1eeda n\u0103m. M\u00f9a thu n\u0103m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ti\u1ec3u V\u0169 n\u00fai Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0. N\u0103m 23 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ch\u00f9a Song Kh\u00ea n\u00fai B\u1ea1ch V\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1911, Ng\u00e0i 24 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Nh\u01a1n S\u01a1n, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp “H\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o Hi\u1ec7p Ti\u1ebfn” t\u1ea1i Nam Kinh. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng K\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n tu\u1eabn gi\u00e1o v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u1ea3 t\u1ec9nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u. Gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 v\u1eeba long tr\u1ecdng, v\u1eeba \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u1eeba t\u1ee9c b\u1ef1c, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Ch\u1ec9nh trang gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Ch\u1ec9nh trang gi\u00e1o ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u00a0– Ch\u1ec9nh trang gi\u00e1o s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1913 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1917, sau vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat cho t\u1edd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u1ec7t San kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebft th\u1ea5t ba n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n T\u00edch L\u00e2n n\u00fai Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eafp h\u1ebft kinh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi hai t\u00f4ng Duy Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Tam Lu\u1eadn, Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t l\u01b0u t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea4n Quang, Ph\u1eadt S\u01a1n c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y, x\u01b0a nay Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi c\u01a1, ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf. Ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n \u0110i\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng, Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, Tam minh c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t. “C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, nghe chu\u00f4ng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong Tam mu\u1ed9i. L\u00fac sau nghe chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, Ng\u00e0i x\u1ea3 ra m\u1edbi hay tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng…”<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“L\u00fac n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y b\u00fat m\u1ef1c ra th\u1ea3o \u00edt b\u00e0i, li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0 th\u00e1i…”<\/p>\n

V\u1eeba ra th\u1ea5t, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, tai nghe, l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba tung ra.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadt nghi, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1918 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1921, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li\u1ec5u D\u01b0, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tri ch\u00fang ch\u00f9a Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i \u0111i du h\u00f3a kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3ng di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00edn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u2026 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi m\u1ebb ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn t\u1ea1i H\u00e1n Kh\u1ea9u, c\u00f3 c\u01b0 s\u0129 L\u00fd \u1ea8n Tr\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn H\u00e0nh, L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam Nhi\u1ebfp Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1ed3i khen : “D\u1eabu cho g\u1eb7p L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tam mu\u1ed9i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c”.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u1edd Gi\u00e1c X\u00e3 T\u00f9ng Th\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Nguy\u1ec7t san H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u \u00e2m) c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba T\u00f4ng Y\u1ebfu T\u00e2n \u0110\u00edch, Duy Th\u1ee9c\u2026 c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ch\u00f9a T\u1ecbnh T\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1922, n\u0103m n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i 34 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1928, Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng h\u0103ng say s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, bao nhi\u00eau ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o trong l\u00f2ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u tung ra h\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh hai b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u201cChi H\u00e0nh T\u1ef1 Thu\u1eadt\u201d, \u201cTh\u00edch T\u00e2n T\u0103ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed7 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u0103m 1923, Ng\u00e0i cho ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e1nh V\u00f4 v\u1ec1 Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn Lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o ch\u0103ng? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7ng, bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00e0ng th\u00edch th\u00fa nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Sang n\u0103m 1924, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1edf m\u1ed9t “\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi” t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed1n n\u0103m li\u1ec1n, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kinh Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Trung Hoa. R\u1ed3i \u0111i th\u0103m Ng\u0169 \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa \u0111i Nh\u1eadt tham d\u1ef1 “\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1”. V\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i l\u1eadp “Ph\u1eadt H\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c X\u00e3”, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tu\u1ea7n san T\u00e2m \u0110\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc H\u1ea1 M\u00f4n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n M\u00e2n Nam.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n t\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, T\u0103ng, Ni b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ra quy\u1ec3n T\u0103ng Ch\u1ebf Kim Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1927 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ch\u00f9a Nam Ph\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n M\u00e2n Nam. C\u0169ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc L\u00e3ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i b\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n Trung Hoa. Khi \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n “T\u1ef1 Do S\u1eed Quan” \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sau, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a Linh \u1ea8n (H\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u) v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng “Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng” t\u1ea1i Nam Kinh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba xong, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng du c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00e0 Lan, B\u1ec9, M\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh hoan nghinh ng\u00e0i (Ghi r\u00f5 trong Ho\u00e0n du k\u00fd).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa sang \u00c2u M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp “Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Uy\u1ec3n” \u1edf Pa-ri.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1929 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1939, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c \u1ee6y vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 “H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa” l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd B\u00e1 L\u00e2m \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh. R\u1ed3i v\u00e0o T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129 L\u01b0u T\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp “Vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd H\u00e1n T\u1ea1ng”… v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7t Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc uy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Nam Kinh. C\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n V\u0169 X\u01b0\u01a1ng, M\u00e2n Nam, B\u00e1 L\u00e2m, H\u00e1n T\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng ba ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2n, Quy S\u01a1n, Tuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc uy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1933-1935, ng\u00e0i lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 Trung Hoa nh\u01b0: Tri\u1ebft Giang, Giang Nam, Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y, Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ebfn, Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u… v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng du c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1, l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i bang giao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba T\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u1ec1 Th\u00edch, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Duy Th\u1ee9c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u1ea3ng L\u1ee5c… l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1941, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng “Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i lu\u1eadn”, “Trung Qu\u1ed1c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc” t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd H\u00e1n T\u1ea1ng, r\u1ed3i tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 Trung Hoa, l\u1eadp “Trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f9ng” \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c “H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c”, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c “\u1ee6y vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd” trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u00e0 “B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t h\u1ecdc x\u1ee9”, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1947.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Th\u00e1ng sau, b\u1ec7nh c\u0169 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 17\/3 (25\/2\u00c2l) Ng\u00e0i an t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 59, tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 43.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 19 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 nh\u1eadp kim quan, di th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn nh\u01b0 \u0111ang nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e0n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y dung nhan an t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t l\u00f2ng tin Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a linh c\u1ed1t Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a Tuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1eadu c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia \u0111\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1ec9nh trang gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1ec9nh trang gi\u00e1o ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ch\u1ec9nh trang gi\u00e1o s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Song song v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9nh trang v\u1eeba n\u00eau, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp “T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian”.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 quan truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u00e1t huy tinh ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba, dung n\u1ea1p c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ecb \u0111oan v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng, t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 “Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t T\u1ea1ng” g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, b\u00fat gi\u1ea3 xin h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

TH\u00cdCH NH\u1eacT QUANG<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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