{"id":164182,"date":"2019-05-09T11:34:03","date_gmt":"2019-05-09T04:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=164182"},"modified":"2019-10-02T05:44:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-02T05:44:20","slug":"di-bo-tong-luan-luan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/di-bo-tong-luan-luan-164182.html","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1eca B\u1ed8 T\u00d4NG LU\u00c2N LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Tu\u1ea5n<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:\u00a0Nguy\u00ean Tu\u1ea5n<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 1: NGUY\u00caN DO PH\u00c1T KH\u1edeI<\/h3>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 nh\u1eadp B\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n,<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o,<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i,<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t sanh,<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o,<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,<\/p>\n

N\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00e1t sinh<\/p>\n

Th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng,<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y,[1]<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5p d\u1ecb \u1ea5y,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecd sanh nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu, b\u1eadc B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c,<\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t gia trong d\u00f2ng Th\u00edch,<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ch\u00e2n t\u1ef7 kheo,<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,<\/p>\n

Li\u1ec1n suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t,<\/p>\n

Kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian,<\/p>\n

N\u00e0o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft,<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9 tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i quay cu\u1ed3ng,<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1,<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m,<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng,<\/p>\n

R\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean,<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y,<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o,<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.[2]<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3i v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1t,<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u0169ng th\u1ebf,<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]H\u00e1n b\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef A-c\u1ea5p-ma \u963f\u7b08\u6469, (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-h\u00e0m,A-gi\u00e0-ma, A-h\u00e0m-m\u1ed9),\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u0100gama, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u00fd l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p quy, Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng, Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p… ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, B\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, Nghi\u1ec7p… n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 kinh (pi. Nik\u0101ya) thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 Pali. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u0100gama t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c \u0101\u221agam ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Th\u00fa quy, Tri th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e1nh ng\u00f4n, Th\u00e1nh hu\u1ea5n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9: 1) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m (\u9577\u963f\u542b, sa. D\u012brgh\u0101gama); 2) Trung a-h\u00e0m ( \u4e2d\u963f\u542b, sa. M\u0101dhyam\u0101gama); 3) T\u1ea1p a-h\u00e0m (\u96dc\u963f\u542b, sa. Sa\u1e43yukt\u0101gama); 4)T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t a-h\u00e0m (\u589e\u58f9\u963f\u542b, sa. Ekottarik\u0101gama).<\/p>\n

[2] Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf \u8056\u8ae6 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Trong \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh D\u1ee5 D\u1ea5u Ch\u00e2n Voi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cCh\u01b0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp trong d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n voi, v\u00ec d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to l\u1edbn. C\u0169ng v\u1eady ch\u01b0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung trong T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf\u201d (VNCPHVN, Trung b\u1ed9 I, tr. 184).<\/p>\n

Hay nh\u01b0 trong kinh L\u00e1 r\u1eebng Simsap\u0101(T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, tr. 442), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y th\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 trong l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. S\u1edf d\u0129 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ly tham, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u1ed5, Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thanh cao, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfm ly, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, an t\u1ecbnh, th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn th\u1ecb phi, tranh nhau h\u01a1n thua ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u phi ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 2: S\u1ef0 PH\u00c2N CHIA B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I<\/h3>\n

T\u00f4i nghe truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y, sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 xa, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh C\u00e2u-t\u00f4-ma(Kusumapura) n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0 (Magadha), c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua t\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00f4 \u01afu (Asoka)[1] th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Nam thi\u1ec7m-b\u1ed9 (Jambudvipa)[2], \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e0ng l\u1ecdng tr\u1eafng.[3]<\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, trong ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a. B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n v\u00ec b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang (B\u1ed1n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1) Long t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang, 2) Bi\u00ean b\u1ec9 ch\u00fang, 3) \u0110a v\u0103n ch\u00fang, 4) \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00fang.)[4] c\u00f9ng nhau lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean[5] m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau n\u00ean ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 (Mah\u00e0samghik\u00e0h), hai l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (Sthavir\u00e0h).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 [c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i qua b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 tri.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0i nghi. Nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng kh\u1ed5, Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, L\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y\u201d.[6]<\/p>\n

a. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng trong v\u00f2ng 200 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (PNB), \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ba b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: 1) Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9 (Ekavyavah\u00e0rikah), 2) Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 (Lokottaravadinah), 3) K\u00ea-d\u1eadn b\u1ed9(Kankkutik\u00e0h).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng trong v\u00f2ng 200 n\u0103m (PNB), \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110a v\u0103n(B\u00e0husrutiy\u00e0h). K\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng trong v\u00f2ng 200 n\u0103m, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9(Prajn\u00e0ptivadin\u00e0h).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i 200 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean,[7] b\u1ecf t\u00e0 quy ch\u00e1nh r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t gia th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi C\u1ee5 t\u00fac \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ch\u1ebf-\u0111a (Caitya). Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t \u0111a v\u0103n v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n n\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 n\u0103m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh ra tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eabn nhau, li\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m ba b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: 1) Ch\u1ebf-\u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9(Caityasail\u00e0h), 2) T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 (Aparasail\u00e0h), 3) B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 (Uttarasail\u00e0h).[8]<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n chia, t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 9: 1) \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, 2) Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, 3) Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, 4) K\u00ea-d\u1eadn b\u1ed9, 5) \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9, 6) Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9, 7) Ch\u1ebf-\u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, 8) T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, 9) B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

b. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

Ri\u00eang Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u 300 n\u0103m (PNB) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt tranh c\u00e3i li\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: 1) Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (Sarvastivada), c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ed9(Hetuv\u00e0d\u00e0h), 2) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (Sthavir\u00e0h), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 (Haimav\u00e0t\u00e0h).<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng trong 300 n\u0103m (PNB), t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9c-t\u1eed b\u1ed9(Vatsiputriyas). K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng trong 300 n\u0103m (PNB), t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed9c-t\u1eed b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sinh ra b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c g\u1ed3m: 1) Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 (Dharmaguptas), 2) Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 (Dhadray\u00e0niy\u00e0h), 3) Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 (Sammitiy\u00e0h), 4) M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 (Sandagirik\u00e0h).<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, c\u0169ng trong 300 n\u0103m (PNB), t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa t\u00ean H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 (Mahisasakas). K\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng trong 300 n\u0103m (PNB), t\u1eeb H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c t\u00ean Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9(Dharmaguptak\u00e0h). (Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y) t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean[9] l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i 300 n\u0103m (PNB), t\u1eeb thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t sinh ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c t\u00ean \u1ea8m quang b\u1ed9 (Kasyapiyas), c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ebf b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u 400 n\u0103m (PNB), t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u1eefa t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 (Sautrantikas), c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 (Samkr\u00e0ntiv\u00e0d\u00e0h). Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n ng\u00e0i A Nan[10] l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n chia, t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 11 b\u1ed9: 1) Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, 2) Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, 3) \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9, 4) Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, 5) Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, 6) Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, 7) M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, 8) H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9, 9) Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9, 10) \u1ea8m quang b\u1ed9, 11) Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta nay s\u1ebd n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] V\u00f4 \u01afu (\u7121\u6182) l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef A\u015boka (\u963f\u80b2), phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 A-d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Kh\u1ed5ng T\u01b0\u1edbc (maurya) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 273 \u0111\u1ebfn 232 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. Sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t chinh chi\u1ebfn, vua A-d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n th\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cai tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00f9ng Nam \u00c1, t\u1eeb Afghanistan cho \u0111\u1ebfn Bengal hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eadn Mysore. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 (s. bh\u0101ratavar\u1e63a) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay.L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n c\u00f5i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed5i danh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u00c1i H\u1ec9 Ki\u1ebfn (\u5929\u611b\u559c\u898b, sa. dev\u0101na\u1e43priya priyadar\u015bi), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn\u201d, hay \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng hoan h\u1ec9”.<\/p>\n

[2] Nam-thi\u1ec7m-b\u1ed9-ch\u00e2u \u5357\u8d0d\u90e8\u5dde (Jambudvipa), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nam-di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 (Nam-thi\u1ec7m-b\u1ed9-ch\u00e2u, B\u1eafc-c\u00e2u-l\u00f4-ch\u00e2u, T\u00e2y-ng\u01b0u-h\u00f3a-ch\u00e2u, \u0110\u00f4ng-th\u1eafng-th\u1ea7n-ch\u00e2u). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eef Nam-thi\u1ec7m-b\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

[3] T\u00e0ng l\u1ecdng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft tinh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng bao che to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Nam-thi\u1ec7m-b\u1ed9, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a vua A-d\u1ee5c kh\u1eafp thi\u00ean h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

[4] Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (X53n0844):\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua A-d\u1ee5c. 1) Long t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u1eady nh\u1edd oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vua quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n n\u00ean th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, hung h\u00e3n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sinh ra s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia; 2) Bi\u00ean b\u1ec9 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi Ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oai \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c; 3) \u0110a v\u0103n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00fang chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp thu\u1eadn theo th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o; 4) \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00fang t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[5] \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3 b\u00e0 sa, q.99: \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean \u5927\u5929 (Mahadeva) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ea1t-th\u1ed5-la, ra \u0111\u1eddi sau \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t gia, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 g\u00e2y 3 t\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecbch, v\u1ec1 sau s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t gia \u1edf ch\u00f9a K\u00ea Vi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tam \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ed, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf th\u00e0nh Hoa Th\u1ecb v\u00e0 vua A-d\u1ee5c quy y v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma-h\u00ea-sa M\u1ea1n-\u0111\u1ed3-la, gi\u1ea3ng kinh Thi\u00ean S\u1ee9, b\u1ed1n v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng 5 vi\u1ec7c (\u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean ng\u0169 s\u1ef1), do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 (Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m s\u01a1 t\u1ed5) v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[6] Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u9918\u6240\u8a98\u7121\u77e5\u3000\u3000\u7336\u8c6b\u4ed6\u4ee4\u5165<\/p>\n

(D\u01b0 s\u1edf d\u1ee5 v\u00f4 tri, Do d\u1ef1 tha linh nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n thanh c\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi, Th\u1ecb danh ch\u01a1n ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o)<\/p>\n

[7] Theo b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean 5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhau 100 n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng 2 Ng\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Xin n\u00eau ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

[8] B\u1ea3n Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf (\u0110.2033) cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2, g\u1ed3m: Chi-\u0111\u1ec1-s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 (Ch\u1ebf-\u0111a s\u01a1n) v\u00e0 B\u1eafc s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng. Do v\u1eady, theo Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 ho\u1eb7c 5 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 8 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[9] Trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Th\u00e1i th\u00fac th\u1ecb (\u63a1\u83fd\u6c0f) l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

[10] T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan (\u00c0 nanda), m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110a v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ef7, Hoan H\u1ef7 hay V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 3: C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I THU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ea0I CH\u00daNG B\u1ed8<\/h3>\n

a. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n[1] c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 K\u00ea-d\u1eadn b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, K\u00ea-d\u1eadn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

2) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

3) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

4) \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.[2]<\/p>\n

5) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

6) S\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

7) Oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

8) Th\u1ecd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

9) Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh khi\u1ebfn sanh l\u00f2ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

10) \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng[3].<\/p>\n

11) Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n

12) \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 danh, c\u00fa, v\u0103n v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i danh, c\u00fa, v\u0103n li\u1ec1n sanh t\u00e2m vui v\u1ebb ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi.[4]<\/p>\n

13) Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m li\u1ec5u tri t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

14) Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

15) L\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed[5] c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec3n) cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

16) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khi nh\u1eadp thai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Y\u1ebft l\u1ea1t lam, \u00c1t-b\u1ed9-\u0111\u00e0m, B\u1ebf-thi v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7n-nam[6] c\u1ee7a thai nhi l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

17) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khi v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh voi tr\u1eafng.[7]<\/p>\n

18) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t thai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.[8]<\/p>\n

19) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tham d\u1ee5c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

20) B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, nguy\u1ec7n sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c th\u00fa li\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ecd sanh.<\/p>\n

21) Trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n bi\u00ean[9] bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

22) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n g\u1ed3m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00eca nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.[10]<\/p>\n

23) \u1ede c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc m\u1ed7i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

24) Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m s\u1eafc c\u0103n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbt n\u00ean m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, tai ch\u1eb3ng nghe ti\u1ebfng, m\u0169i ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u1eb3ng n\u1ebfm m\u00f9i, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

25) \u1ede \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn v\u1ecb[11] v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd thanh t\u1ecbnh.[12]<\/p>\n

26) M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t,[13] kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

27) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u1ef1-l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

28) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 tri, t\u00e2m c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi, l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng (kh\u1ed5) m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

29) Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

30) Ti\u1ebfng kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap (ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n

31) Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m gia h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c.[14]<\/p>\n

32) Kh\u1ed5 (th\u1ecd) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n

33) \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.[15]<\/p>\n

34) Cho \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p[16] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

35) D\u1ef1-l\u01b0u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

36) B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

37) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

38) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn c\u0103n th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

39) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

40) Khi nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed.[17]<\/p>\n

41) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u1ef1-l\u01b0u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb t\u1ed9i v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.[18]<\/p>\n

42) C\u00e1c kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

43) Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 9 lo\u1ea1i: 1) tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, 2) phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, 3) h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, 4) kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, 5) th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, 6) V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, 7) Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, 8) Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi chi t\u00e1nh (12 chi ph\u1ea7n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi), 9) Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o chi t\u00e1nh (t\u00e1m chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n

44) T\u00e2m t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

45) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1edf duy\u00ean).[19]<\/p>\n

46) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c,[20] tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00f9y mi\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

47) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 .<\/p>\n

48) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9[21] kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c suy l\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

49) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n trung h\u1eefu (\u1ea5m).[22]<\/p>\n

50) C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb D\u1ef1-l\u01b0u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0129nh l\u1ef1.[23]<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

b. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 K\u00ea d\u1eadn b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00f2n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) Nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n[24] \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p do c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p do c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ra, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p do c\u00e1c duy\u00ean sanh ra.<\/p>\n

3) Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

4) Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi.[25]<\/p>\n

5) Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 D\u1ecb-th\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

6) Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m.[26]<\/p>\n

7) 4 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 6 s\u1eafc c\u0103n c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn (thay \u0111\u1ed5i) nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn.[27]<\/p>\n

8) T\u00e2m bao tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

9) T\u00e2m t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p).[28]<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

c. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110a V\u0103n b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) N\u0103m \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ed3m: V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Kh\u1ed5, Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n-t\u1ecbch-t\u0129nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian v\u00ec n\u0103m \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n v\u00f4 tri, t\u00e2m c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi, l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng (kh\u1ed5) m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

d. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) Kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

2) M\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

3) C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh xoay v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u0129 phu d\u1ee5ng.[29]<\/p>\n

4) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft phi th\u1eddi (b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed) m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5) Nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n n\u00ean qu\u1ea3 D\u1ecb-th\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

6) Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

7) Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

e. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n, T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5, B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.[30]<\/p>\n

2) Cung k\u00ednh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1p mi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

3) B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1ee5 d\u1eabn, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n v\u00f4 tri, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (X53n0844): G\u1ecdi Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (g\u1ed1c) (\u672c\u5b97\u540c\u7fa9)c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tranh lu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a th\u00ec c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9: \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 K\u00ea d\u1eadn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi nhau n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang, m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t) n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t \u672b\u5b97 \u7570\u7fa9.C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, th\u00ec ngay khi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (\u672c\u5b97\u540c\u7fa9) v\u1edbi hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec (\u0110.2032): \u6839\u672c\u898b hay b\u1ea3n (\u0110.2033): \u7fa9\u672c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c, ban \u0111\u1ea7u; V\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t (\u672b\u5b97\u7570\u7fa9)v\u1edbi (\u0110.2032): \u4e2d \u9593\u898b v\u00e0 (\u0110.2033):\u7570\u7fa9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 sau hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t [ v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u].<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng qua ba c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edbt \u0111i ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ecb ngh\u0129a\u201d \u1edf trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i \u201cquan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cquan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t\u201d trong su\u1ed1t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. V\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u201cquan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 chung cho m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

[2] \u00c2m thanh \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u00e2m. Theo Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00e3i qua v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh, n\u00f3i ra m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 tr\u1ea7n lao phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa, 79 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u1eadt d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00fang sanh theo lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u,<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng m\u00ecnh, Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a\u201d.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, xem lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 61 c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u1edf sau.<\/p>\n

[3] Do t\u00e2m t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7; do c\u00f3 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n an tr\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee7. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb. T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

[4] Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, 2, 47a-b, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: danh th\u00e2n \u540d\u8eab (namakaya), c\u00fa th\u00e2n \u53e5\u8eab (padak\u00e0ya), v\u0103n th\u00e2n \u6587\u8eab (vyanjana) l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft (h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3) c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00fa v\u00e0 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft. Trong \u0111\u00f3, danh th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc (r\u00f9pa), thanh (sabda), v.v\u2026 c\u00fa th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00fa hay m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: \u201c\u00f4i, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. V\u0103n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m: a, \u00e0, i, \u00ec, k, p, t,\u2026<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd, c\u00e2u c\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadm v\u1eadn tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadm v\u1eadn \u1ea5y n\u00ean l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe qua \u0111\u1ec1u sanh t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7, vui th\u00edch m\u00e0 d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

[5] L\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed \u76e1\u667a(\u00c0srava-ksaya jn\u00e0na) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o h\u1eefu l\u1eadu trong tam gi\u1edbi, xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1eadu t\u1eadn tr\u00ed; c\u00f2n V\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed \u7121\u751f\u667a(Anutp\u00e0da jn\u00e0na) l\u00e0 tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 sinh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 sinh di\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft 3 lo\u1ea1i l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c D\u1ee5c, H\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u1edf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 sinh tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n

[6] \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 trong 5 n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (Thai n\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1ecb, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebft thai ng\u0169 v\u1ecb) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thai nhi. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o chia th\u1eddi gian 266 ng\u00e0y (38 tu\u1ea7n) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thai nhi t\u1eeb khi th\u1ee5 thai cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac sinh ra l\u00e0m 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 sau:1) Y\u1ebft-l\u1ea1t-lam \u7faf\u523a\u85cd(S: Kalala), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ca-la-la, Y\u1ebft-la-lam, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t, t\u1ea1p u\u1ebf, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi th\u1ee5 thai. 2) \u00c1t-b\u1ed9-\u0111\u00e0m \u981e\u90e8\u66c7(S: Arbuda), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-b\u1ed9-\u0111\u00e0m, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. 3) B\u1ebf-thi \u9589\u5c38(S: Pesi), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ebf-thi, T\u00ec-thi, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: ng\u01b0ng ki\u1ebft, nh\u1ee5c \u0111o\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. 4) Ki\u1ec7n-nam \u9375\u5357(S: Ghana), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7n-nam, Y\u1ebft-nam, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: ng\u01b0ng h\u1eadu, ng\u1ea1nh nh\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. 5) B\u00e1t-la-xa-kh\u01b0 \u64a5\u7f85\u5962\u53b6(S: Prasakha), H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: chi ti\u1ebft, chi chi, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 38, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y sinh (trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y tay ch\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0i nhi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong thai l\u00e0 5 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i thai (thai ngo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 v\u1ecb), g\u1ed3m: 1) Anh h\u00e0i: l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn 6 tu\u1ed5i. 2) \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u1eed: t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 tu\u1ed5i. 3) Thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean: t\u1eeb 16 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 tu\u1ed5i. 4) Trung ni\u00ean: t\u1eeb 31 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 tu\u1ed5i. 5) L\u00e3o ni\u00ean: t\u1eeb 41 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

[7] Hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh voi tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 nhu h\u00f2a, thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i oai l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, hung b\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed tuy c\u00f3 oai l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh kh\u00ed hung b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t n\u00ean B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

[8] Sinh ra b\u1eb1ng h\u00f4ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb Trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m th\u00ec sinh ra theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o b\u00ean n\u00e0o cho n\u00ean th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n sinh ra b\u00ean h\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb Trung \u0111\u1ea1o. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, sinh ra b\u1eb1ng h\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u00f4 u\u1ebf trong thai m\u1eb9, xu\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00fac sinh v.v\u2026 c\u00f2n b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec theo \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00ean B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

[9] Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n bi\u00ean \u73fe\u89c0\u908a (S: Abhi-samay\u00e0ntika) Ch\u1eef Bi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sau. Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n bi\u00ean l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed sinh kh\u1edfi ngay sau khi Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf (Ngay khi ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na kh\u1edfi l\u00ean Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t). H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn cho Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n bi\u00ean l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed sinh kh\u1edfi sau ba lo\u1ea1i Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t trong 16 Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

[10] C\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u00ec d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f2n \u201cl\u00eca nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4\u201d l\u00e0 \u1edf giai v\u1ecb Gia h\u00e0nh, khi ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ngay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00eca \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00eca \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a 5 th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00eca nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

[11] \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn \u7b49\u5f15, hay Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Sam\u00e0hita (Tam-ma-h\u00ed-\u0111a). T\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn. \u0110\u1eb3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 d\u1eabn sinh ra n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Theo C\u00e2u-X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn quang k\u00fd 6 (\u0110\u1ea1i 41, 124 trung) cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u1ed3m h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m. Ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong \u201cT\u00e1n\u201d. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a: 1) Xa l\u00eca h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed; 2) C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi ra th\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; 3) D\u1eabn ph\u00e1t ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn Thu\u1eadt K\u00fd, 6 c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh n\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

[12] Khuy C\u01a1 ch\u00fa l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u00fd\u201d (\u8acd\u4f5c\u610f)ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd thanh t\u1ecbnh (t\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c \u00fd) r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u00e1nh, tr\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[13] Ch\u1ec9 cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

[14] Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m gia h\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n c\u00f2n Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gia h\u1ea1nh di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

[15] Theo Khuy C\u01a1 (Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd, X53n0844) th\u00ec \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 (\u7b2c\u516b\u5730), l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb D\u1ef1-l\u01b0u h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh tr\u1edf lui cho \u0111\u1ebfn Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 8. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u1edf qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh v.v ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c d\u00e2ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e3i qua 7 l\u1ea7n sanh t\u1eed n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Theo 10 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Thanh v\u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m (Sakrd- \u00c0g\u00e0min), kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Theo b\u1ea3n Th\u1eadp B\u00e1t B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch (\u0110.2032) tuy kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n (\u7b2c\u516b\u9000). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf sau, ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i 4 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee9 8 c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n\u201d. Xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng ra \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

[16] T\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p \u6027\u5730\u6cd5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p. T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa q.3 n\u00f3i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1edfi Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n. S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n n\u00ean tr\u1ee5 T\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

[17] – Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh (\u6b63\u6027\u96e2\u751f)c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh (\u6b63\u5b9a),t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi tu \u0111\u1ebfn giai v\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh t\u00ednh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch, xa l\u00eca h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Theo lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i-t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 3, Sinh l\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c do thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed c\u00f2n Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o). Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n hay v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh tho\u00e1t ly sanh t\u1eed n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u7d50\u4f7f (Bandhana) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh m\u00ea, khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 sinh t\u1eed. Bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00edn th\u1ee9: Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, M\u1ea1n, Nghi, \u00c1c Ki\u1ebfn, Th\u1ee7, T\u1eadt v\u00e0 San. Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

[18] V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u7121\u9593(\u00c0nantarya) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p do ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch (gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt ra m\u00e1u, ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng) g\u00e2y ra khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n ng\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam ch\u1ecbu mu\u00f4n th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n ng\u1ee5c; hai l\u00e0 V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i c\u1ef1c \u00e1c s\u1ebd chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m l\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi tuy kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd t\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

[19] T\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u96a8\u7720 (S: An\u00fasaya, P: Anusaya) hay T\u00f9y mi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (\u96a8\u7720\u7169\u60f1) l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edd m\u1ecbt n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 th\u00eam l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi T\u00f9y t\u0103ng; b\u1edfi n\u00f3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ph\u01b0\u1ee3c. c\u00f3 6 th\u1ee9: tham, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nghi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1u m\u00f3n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u m\u00f3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Trong \u0111\u00f3 tham chia l\u00e0m 2: D\u1ee5c tham v\u00e0 H\u1eefu tham th\u00e0nh 7 m\u00f3n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean; ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh 5 th\u1ee9: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, th\u00e0nh 10 m\u00f3n T\u00f9y mi\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f3n n\u00e0y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m vi t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 98 m\u00f3n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (X53n0844): T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u1edf V\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u1ecb (l\u00fac t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean th\u00ec v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, b\u1edfi do t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m; t\u00f9y mi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf th\u00ec khi \u1edf V\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u1ecb th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u1edf V\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u1ecb v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu n\u00ean t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m s\u1edf. T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: v\u00ec t\u00f9y mi\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ch\u00ednh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

[20] Tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c \u7e8f\u7e1b(Paryavasth\u00e0na) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (\u5012\u8d77\u7169\u60f1). L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tu thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sanh trong sanh t\u1eed n\u01a1i ba c\u00f5i, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 3 tri\u1ec1n, 8 tri\u1ec1n, 10 tri\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn 500 tri\u1ec1n. Kinh b\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (\u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n) l\u00e0 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (\u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9) l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

[21] Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 \u6cd5\u8655 hay Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadp (dhamr\u00e0nyatanae), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 12 x\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh, g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u 64 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 46 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, 14 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh, v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 3 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

[22] Trung h\u1eefu \u4e2d\u6709(Antara-Bhava), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung \u1ea5m, trung u\u1ea9n\u2026, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi ch\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ecd sanh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, 10 ghi: \u201cTrung h\u1eefu l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft sau khi th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba ch\u1ebft (t\u1eed h\u1eefu) cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na th\u1ee5 sanh th\u00e2n sau (sinh h\u1eefu). Trung h\u1eefu th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u1ee9c th\u00e2n\u201d, l\u00e0 h\u00f3a sinh th\u00e2n do \u00fd sanh ra, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 tinh huy\u1ebft\u2026 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd sinh th\u00e2n (S. manomayakaya).<\/p>\n

[23] T\u0129nh l\u1ef1 \u975c\u616e l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Dhy\u00e0na (thi\u1ec1n-na), c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u0169 l\u00e0 T\u01b0 duy tu, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u0129nh l\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u1edf S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Xa l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u01b0 duy tu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n; nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n T\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3; Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u0129nh l\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

[24] Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n \u73fe\u89c0(S, P: Abhisamaya), c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n. Theo t\u00f4ng C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3nh T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n. C\u0169ng trong lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, 23 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: D\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n. C\u00f2n theo lu\u1eadn Duy Th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 6 lo\u1ea1i: T\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, T\u00edn hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, Gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, Hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n bi\u00ean tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n\u201d; c\u00f2n H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 16 s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m sanh di\u1ec7t sinh ra 8 nh\u1eabn 8 tr\u00ed (16 t\u00e2m ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o) n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

[25] Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (X53n0844): h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean khi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m. C\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu n\u00ean khi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u00f3i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[26] C\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed di\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m m\u1edbi sanh kh\u1edfi, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean ngay n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

[27] Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (X53n0844):C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t, tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1u s\u1eafc c\u0103n t\u1eeb khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb s\u1eefa chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa, t\u1eeb v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3\u2026; c\u00f2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf sanh di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

[28] Th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u0103n (s\u1edf y = n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh (s\u1edf duy\u00ean = \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Tuy n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh hay c\u0103n n\u00e0o c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3nh (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cdu\u1ed7i\u201d (th\u01b0); ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec th\u1ee9c li\u1ec1n thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cco\u201d (quy\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n

[29] S\u0129 phu d\u1ee5ng \u58eb\u592b\u7528(S: Purusakara-phala) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u0129 d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3, s\u0129 phu qu\u1ea3\u2026 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 do nh\u00e2n C\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u0129 phu d\u1ee5ng. Lu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c 8 (\u0110ai 31, 42 trung) ghi: \u201cs\u0129 d\u1ee5ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (s\u0129) m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m ra s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p\u201d. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd 8, cho r\u1eb1ng S\u0129 d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (s\u0129) m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng phu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00faa g\u1ea1o.. v\u00e0 N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, n\u00f4ng phu nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1ea5y l\u00faa\u2026 qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c qua l\u1ea1i (giao thoa) c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, la m\u1eafng v.v\u2026 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

[30] B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eabn v\u1ecb th\u00ec ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e0m phu b\u1edfi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o vi t\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i sanh tr\u1edf v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG 4: C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C B\u1ed8 PH\u00c1I THU\u1ed8C TH\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u1eccA B\u1ed8<\/h3>\n

a. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong hai lo\u1ea1i: danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc.[1]<\/p>\n

2) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

3) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

4) Sanh v\u00e0 l\u00e3o (b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi T\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

5) C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 3, v\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3.[2]<\/p>\n

6) M\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a 3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

7) (Trong t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf), 3 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, c\u00f2n 1 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

8) B\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

9) N\u01b0\u01a1ng hai ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.[3]<\/p>\n

10) T\u01b0 duy c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

11) Khi ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh, trong 15 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng (Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng), c\u00f2n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 16 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 (Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n qu\u1ea3).[4]<\/p>\n

12) Trong m\u1ed9t (s\u00e1t na) t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m.[5]<\/p>\n

13) Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

14) D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

15) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.[6]<\/p>\n

16) Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed v\u00f4 sanh.<\/p>\n

17) Ph\u00e0m phu[7] c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

18) Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

19) Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

20) Trong b\u1ea3y \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed[8] th\u00ec gi\u00e1c chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

21) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

22) Kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

23) N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh[9] \u1edf c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

24) N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

25) Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf B\u1eafc c\u00e2u l\u00f4 ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xa l\u00eca c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

26) B\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t (t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao).<\/p>\n

27) N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m v\u00e0 A na h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

28) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

29) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m[10] v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

30) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

31) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n

32) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n tu t\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng chi ph\u1ea7n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.[11]<\/p>\n

33) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n chuy\u00ean tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

34) Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f5i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n trung \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

35) C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129\u2026 v\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

36) T\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

37) T\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1edf duy\u00ean).<\/p>\n

38) T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

39) C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian.[12]<\/p>\n

40) C\u00f3 t\u00edn c\u0103n th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

41) C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

42) C\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

43) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 (\u0111\u1ecbnh) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng).[13]<\/p>\n

44) A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o c\u0169 (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9).<\/p>\n

45) C\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh tr\u1ee5 trong thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

46) \u1ede \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn v\u1ecb ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ec7nh chung.<\/p>\n

47) S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ba th\u1eeba m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.[14]<\/p>\n

48) L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u00fang sanh.[15]<\/p>\n

49) Ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ch\u00fang sanh (v\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

50) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

51) N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m phu th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

52) Do b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

53) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

54) Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.[16]<\/p>\n

55) \u0110ang c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec c\u00e1c U\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch thay \u0111\u1ed5i.[17]<\/p>\n

56) C\u00f3 t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 (\u0111\u1ecbnh) xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

57) C\u0169ng c\u00f3 T\u1ea7m v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

58) C\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n (sanh t\u1eed trong 3 c\u00f5i).<\/p>\n

59) \u1ede \u0110\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn v\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

60) T\u00e1m chi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

61) \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

62) Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u0169ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

63) Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

b. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

2) B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khi v\u00e0o thai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m tham \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

3) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

4) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

5) C\u00f3 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 tri, t\u00e2m c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi, l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng (kh\u1ed5) m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

c. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i phi u\u1ea9n, do n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a u\u1ea9n x\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na n\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u00eca B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc sang \u0111\u1eddi sau, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

3) Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

4) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

5) N\u1ebfu \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed thu\u1ed9c \u201cTu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d (Tu \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n) \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ly d\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n (Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1edf ph\u00e1).[18]<\/p>\n

6) Nh\u1eabn, Danh, T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.[19]<\/p>\n

7) N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh th\u00ec 12 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f2n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 13 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m sai bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn ngh\u0129a trong b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y (\u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00eam b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9. B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecda, B\u1edfi do tham kh\u1edfi l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1t vui s\u01b0\u1edbng \u201can, h\u1ec9\u201d, \u201cL\u1ea1c h\u1ea1nh\u201d \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

d. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2) C\u1ea3 B\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf) r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.[20]<\/p>\n

3) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

4) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

5) Ch\u00fang sanh th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n nhu\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

6) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

7) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

8) Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n trung \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

9) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 A-la-h\u00e1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

10) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

11) S\u00e1u th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9.[21]<\/p>\n

12) C\u00f3 T\u1ec1-th\u1ee7-b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la.[22]<\/p>\n

13) C\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

14) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00edn c\u0103n th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

15) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u0129nh l\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

16) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

17) Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n (sanh t\u1eed trong 3 c\u00f5i).[23]<\/p>\n

18) D\u1ef1-l\u01b0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

19) A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

20) T\u00e1m chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9.[24]<\/p>\n

21) Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 9 lo\u1ea1i, g\u1ed3m: 1) Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, 2) Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, 3) H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, 4) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, 5) Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, 6) B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, 7) V\u00f4 k\u00fd ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, 8) \u0110\u1ea1o chi ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, 9) Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n

22) T\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp b\u00e0o thai cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

23) Trong t\u0103ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu), n\u00ean c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

24) Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

25) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

e. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

2) C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n Trung \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

3) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

4) Nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u01b0.<\/p>\n

5) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

6) T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

7) \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.[25]<\/p>\n

8) Cung k\u00ednh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1p mi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

9) T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a T\u00f9y mi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

10) C\u00e1c U\u1ea9n x\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f2n do nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau trong l\u00fac c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng sau:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, C\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sanh,<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, tham, \u00e1i, N\u0103m ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

f. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) Ph\u1eadt tuy \u1edf trong t\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f2n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1p mi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

3) S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

4) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

5) Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

g. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u1ea8m quang b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u1ea8m quang b\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn tri th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. C\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn tri th\u00ec c\u00f3.[26]<\/p>\n

2) N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c th\u00ec c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3) C\u00f3 H\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh n\u00e0o l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n.[27]<\/p>\n

4) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

5) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

h. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3nc\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

1) C\u00e1c U\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau. (V\u00ec thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00ean) \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y Thuy\u1ebft Chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

2) N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

3) C\u00f3 c\u00e1i U\u1ea9n c\u0103n bi\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i U\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb.[28]<\/p>\n

4) Trong h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.[29]<\/p>\n

5) C\u00f3 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la.[30]<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Tam t\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng sau khi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y xong, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u00fd m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f5, C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n,<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 D\u1ecb t\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, Nay ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi v\u0103n tuy c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, Ngh\u0129a l\u00fd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng sai,<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed, N\u00ean chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u1ecd h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: 1) Ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft: g\u1ed3m t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, v\u00e0 2) Th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft: g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n th\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00f2n b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kia c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 vi v\u1ed1n vi t\u1ebf, k\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn danh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m trong c\u1ea3 danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

[2] H\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 3: theo Thu\u1eadt K\u00fd c\u1ee7a Khuy c\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ec h\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 3 th\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. Ngo\u00e0i ra, 3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc phi t\u00e2m. V\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 l\u00e0: tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

[3] Kh\u00f4ng \u7a7a (sunyata) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n \u7121\u9858 (apranihita) l\u00e0 hai trong Ba gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00f4n (trini vimoksa-mukhani): kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4n: qu\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 sinh, n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n: n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong ba c\u00f5i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p sinh t\u1eed, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p sinh t\u1eed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. (c\u00f2n V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f4n (animitta): \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, li\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng nam, n\u1eef, nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecb\u2026 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00eca t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh l\u00e0 v\u00ec hai ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf (Kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3). Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ea3 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng; c\u00f2n V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3. N\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec th\u1ea5y su\u1ed1t V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[4] G\u1ecdi 16 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m trong ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i. Trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00f3 4 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng: Kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn, Kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1p tr\u00ed, Kh\u1ed5 lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eabn, kh\u1ed5 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed (T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf), c\u1ed9ng chung l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh 16 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng. Trong 15 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng (Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tu \u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u01b0\u1edbng), c\u00f2n t\u00e2m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (16, \u0111\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed) tr\u00fa v\u00e0o Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 (Tu \u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n qu\u1ea3).<\/p>\n

[5] Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u4e16\u7b2c\u4e00\u6cd5 (Laukik\u00e0gradharma) l\u00e0 Gia h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong 4 gia h\u1ea1nh v\u1ecb, g\u1ed3m: no\u00e3n, nh\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ea3nh, th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t (theo Duy th\u1ee9c). C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn, 23: \u201cv\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu n\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gian; v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t\u201d. Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, th\u00f9 th\u1eafng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu th\u1ebf gian v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn sinh ra Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p th\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m, qu\u00e1t s\u00e1t n\u0103ng s\u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (X53n0844):Ba ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ba th\u1eeba n\u00ean ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

[6] Theo C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn, 25 th\u00ec A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9: 1) Th\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t lai, b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n v.v\u2026 do b\u1edfi b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u1ed1i. 2) T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00ec s\u1ee3 th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng mong k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; 3) H\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n; 4) An tr\u00fa A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng A-la-h\u00e1n, lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1nh xa ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t; 5) Kham \u0111\u1ea1t A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u00f3 kham n\u0103ng tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 mau ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; 6) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u0103n t\u00e1nh lanh l\u1ee3i, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i A-la-h\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n\u201d l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 A-na-h\u00e0m, T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m, Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ph\u00e0m phu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd.<\/p>\n

[7] Trong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef D\u1ecb sanh (\u7570\u751f). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a S\u1edb, q.1 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u00fang ra n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecb sanh, v\u00ec do v\u00f4 minh theo nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ebbo s\u1eafc t\u00e2m, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, lo\u1ea1i, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u sai bi\u1ec7t cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecb sanh\u201d.<\/p>\n

[8] \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed \u7b49\u81f3 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd hay Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Sam\u00e0patti l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, duy\u00ean l\u1ef1, l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf qu\u00e1n. Nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m an l\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 28 l\u1ea5y T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1c chi \u89ba\u652f ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 7 gi\u00e1c chi trong 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 7 \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 4 thi\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 3 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi) l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c chi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed \u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c chi.<\/p>\n

[9] Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o T\u00e2m \u1edf c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi (\u4f9d\u8272\u754c\u7121\u8272\u754c\u5fc3).<\/p>\n

[10] B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m (\u96a8\u7720\u7169\u60f1\u662f\u5fc3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u8207\u5fc3\u76f8\u61c9).<\/p>\n

[11] C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t 12 chi ph\u1ea7n Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tu t\u1eadp qua chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb kia l\u1ea1i tu t\u1eadp qua chi ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u96a8 \u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u8f49\u201d hay \u201c\u96a8\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u591a\u884c\u201d.<\/p>\n

[12] Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u6b63\u898b (samm\u00e0 ditthi) l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, xa l\u00eca hai th\u1ee9 H\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m m\u00f3n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Theo lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa, 97 th\u00ec Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 2 th\u1ee9: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu l\u1eadu t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 cho thi\u1ec7n hu\u1ec7 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u1ea3m l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o l\u00e0nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu hay Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 sinh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 8 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu nh\u1eabn, 8 tr\u00ed h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, Ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

[13] Gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u 22 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[14] Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 thanh v\u0103n gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c (Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7c tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c (th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1).<\/p>\n

[15] L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 V\u00f4 duy\u00ean t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00f9y theo ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n t\u00f9y duy\u00ean \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ban vui, c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ban vui m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/p>\n

[16] B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la \u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85 (S: Pudgala) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00fac-gi\u00e0-la, Ph\u00fa-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la. D\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang sanh, s\u00e1t th\u1ee7 th\u00fa hay ch\u00fang s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la) nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 danh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e3 (Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la). M\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

[17] \u00dd n\u00f3i khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1c U\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111\u1eddi sau, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u1ede m\u1ee5c 52, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, \u1edf m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p. H\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e3 l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

[18] Ki\u1ebfn s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n \u898b\u6240\u65b7 (S. Darsana-heya), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1edd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o; c\u00f2n Tu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n \u4fee\u6240\u65b7 (Bh\u00e0van\u00e0-heya) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu \u0111\u1ea1o. Theo C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn 2, Ki\u1ebfn s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 khi \u1edf giai v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 88 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1eefu, t\u00f9y h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi n\u00f3. Tu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 khi \u1edf giai v\u1ecb tu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 81 ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1eefu, t\u00f9y h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi n\u00f3 (c\u00f2n Phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n). C\u00f2n theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma t\u1ea1p, 4: Ki\u1ebfn s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p do Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi; Tu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, (c\u00f2n phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 vi, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

[19] Nh\u1eabn \u5fcd (Ks\u00e0nti), Danh \u540d (nama), T\u01b0\u1edbng \u76f8 (laksana), Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u4e16\u7b2c\u4e00\u6cd5 (Laukik\u00e0gradharma) l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh. Nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn kh\u1ea3, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kham nh\u1eabn tu t\u1eadp; Danh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf; T\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 s\u1edf thuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[20] Thu\u1eadt-k\u00fd: C\u1ea3 B\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac: l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0o giai v\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o li\u1ec1n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3, khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng). Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu \u0111\u1ea1o: n\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Tu \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 3 \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 5 u\u1ea9n, 10 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc (\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng)\u2026 Cho n\u00ean trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giai v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 giai v\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai v\u1ecb Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf xong r\u1ed3i) b\u01b0\u1edbc qua giai v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

[21] T\u1ea7m \u5c0b (Vitarka, P. Vitakka) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c; T\u1ee9 \u4f3a (Vic\u00e0ra) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. L\u00e0 2 trong 5 thi\u1ec1n chi (5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m, g\u1ed3m: T\u1ea7m (Vitakka) l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u1ee9 (Vicara) l\u00e0 b\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, H\u1ef7 (Pity) l\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, L\u1ea1c (Sukha) l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an l\u1ea1c, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m (Ekaggata) l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng).<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n (thu\u1ed9c S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi) th\u00ec 5 thi\u1ec1n chi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t: T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9, H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. T\u1ea7m: suy ngh\u0129 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m;T\u1ee9: t\u01b0 duy tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec d\u1eadp t\u1eaft nghi; H\u1ef7 th\u00ec d\u1eadp t\u1eaft s\u00e2n; L\u1ea1c th\u00ec d\u1eadp t\u1eaft tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed; Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m th\u00ec d\u1eadp t\u1eaft d\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1nth\u1ee9 2 (Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n \u1edf S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi) th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t 3 thi\u1ec1n chi: H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c, Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9. Hai t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n \u1edf sau l\u00e0 Tam thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 L\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 X\u1ea3, Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7m T\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

[22] T\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la \u9f4a\u9996\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85 (c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed)ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-na-h\u00e0m (An\u00e0g\u00e0min, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n). T\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t, hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng) ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i, hay n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed (X53n0844_p0587: \u9f4a\u9996\u8b02\u751f\u6b7b\u4e4b\u9996).<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-na-h\u00e0m li\u1ec1n sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1ea7n m\u1ec7nh chung th\u00ec c\u00e1c Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu th\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 l\u1eadu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. V\u00ec sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sau c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh tr\u1edf v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ec1-th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Marx c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hay \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00fat, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i qua m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169 n\u1eefa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eef t\u1ec1-th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-na-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea3nh th\u00ec coi nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed. Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 l\u1eadu cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ngay trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n khi Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d (\u6642\u982d), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u (hay cu\u1ed1i) c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian sanh t\u1eed v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[23] Khuy C\u01a1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u1ecd th\u00e2n sanh t\u1eed trong ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. ngay \u0111\u1ebfn khi sanh l\u00ean hai c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 52 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i H\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[24] T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 \u56db\u5ff5\u8655hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5 (S. Catv\u00e0ri smrty-upasth\u00e0n\u00e0ni), l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m, g\u1ed3m: th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng cho t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m sinh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. 4 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb 4 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: t\u1ecbnh, l\u1ea1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

[25] \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na. \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[26] C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u1ebfu phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn tri th\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn tri th\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt n\u00ean n\u00f3i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[27] L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a b\u1ed9 v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0m n\u0103ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u1ecb lai l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u1ecb lai n\u1eefa l\u00e0m n\u0103ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp theo. Cho n\u00ean, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n sinh ra qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n sinh ra qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai ti\u1ebfp theo. (Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf (\u0110. 2033) th\u00ec l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: \u6709\u70ba\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ee5\u904e\u53bb\u6cd5\u70ba\u56e0\u3002\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u6cd5\u70ba\u56e0 (c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

[28] U\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u4e00\u5473\u8580 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho T\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y xoay v\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 trong n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 4 th\u1ee9c kia n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb; U\u1ea9n c\u0103n bi\u00ean \u6839\u908a\u8580 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chung cho t\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9 cho T\u1ebf \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ed5n cho s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed, do c\u0103n b\u1ed5n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean; c\u00f2n ch\u1eef bi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho 5 u\u1ea9n v\u00ec 5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi sau. H\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai \u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef U\u1ea9n c\u0103n bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[29] Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 l\u1eadu xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

[30] Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a b\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la \u52dd\u7fa9\u88dc\u7279\u4f3d\u7f85 l\u00e0 Th\u1eadt ng\u00e3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch:\u00a0Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0110\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

Sau khi Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/p>\n

nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n,<\/p>\n

m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 l\u1ebb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m (1) ,<\/p>\n

\u1edf trong th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n

b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean,<\/p>\n

d\u1eabn ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1<\/p>\n

kh\u00f4ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec (2) .<\/p>\n

V\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

tri\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau,<\/p>\n

theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/p>\n

b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean;<\/p>\n

nay t\u00f4i c\u0103n c\u1ee9<\/p>\n

th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y,<\/p>\n

n\u00f3i c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p \u1ea5y<\/p>\n

cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i t\u00ean Th\u1ebf h\u1eefu,<\/p>\n

l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c tu\u1ec7,<\/p>\n

l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u1ef7 kheo<\/p>\n

thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch,<\/p>\n

c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/p>\n

suy ngh\u0129 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

trong qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y,<\/p>\n

th\u1ea5y bao quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/p>\n

tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i quay cu\u1ed3ng (3) ,<\/p>\n

ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n,<\/p>\n

n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n

gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/p>\n

to\u00e0n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/p>\n

b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf (4) ,<\/p>\n

r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb<\/p>\n

l\u1ea5y v\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1t:<\/p>\n

h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y<\/p>\n

nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Th\u1ebf h\u1eefu, cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n Ph\u00e2n H\u00f3a B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m (5) , c\u00e1ch Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7n m\u1ea5t. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 C\u00e2u t\u00f4 ma c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Ma ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e0, A d\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c Di\u00eam ph\u00f9 (6) , c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o c\u00e1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00f3a th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n linh.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i A d\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y t\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 trong kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00e9p ra v\u0103n b\u1ea3n 3 t\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh t\u1ee5ng, theo ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do 4 ch\u00fang b\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 5 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1ed9, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (7) . B\u1ed1n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00fang r\u1ed3ng voi, ch\u00fang bi\u00ean d\u00e3, ch\u00fang \u0111a v\u0103n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c (8) . N\u0103m s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00fa sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebb kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5,<\/p>\n

c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft,<\/p>\n

c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0i nghi,<\/p>\n

nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap v\u00e0o,<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng:<\/p>\n

nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (9) .<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng khen l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Thu\u1ed9c H\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, ngay trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 2, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t ra 3 b\u1ed9, l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, K\u00ea d\u1eadn b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 2, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa, t\u00ean \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 2, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa, t\u00ean Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9. B\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 2 m\u00e3n r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia, b\u1ecf t\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean (9B) , theo \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia, th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi, \u0111a v\u0103n tinh ti\u1ebfn, \u1edf Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n, c\u00f9ng t\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 s\u1ef1, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tranh bi\u1ec7n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m 3 b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u00fa b\u1ed9, B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u00fa b\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 4 hay 5 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn n\u00f3i ri\u00eang ra th\u00ec h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh 9 b\u1ed9: 1 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, 2 l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, 3 l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, 4 l\u00e0 K\u00ea d\u1eadn b\u1ed9, 5 l\u00e0 \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9, 6 l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9, 7 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, 8 l\u00e0 T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u00fa b\u1ed9, 9 l\u00e0 B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u00fa b\u1ed9 (10) .<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Thu\u1ed9c H\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9<\/h4>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 th\u00ec tr\u1ea3i qua ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00ec gian v\u1eabn h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ecb. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tranh c\u00e3i, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m 2 b\u1ed9: 1 l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (10B) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n b\u1ed9; 2 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 3, t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ed9, t\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 3, t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 4 b\u1ed9: Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9. Ti\u1ebfp theo, v\u1eabn trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 3, t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa, t\u00ean H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9. Ti\u1ebfp theo n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn trong b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 3, t\u1eeb H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ed9, t\u00ean Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9, [b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7] t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng th\u1eeba k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00f4n ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c li\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 3, t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa, t\u00ean A\u1eabm quang b\u1ed9, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ebf b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 4, t\u1eeb Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 1 b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa, t\u00ean Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9, [b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7] t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh t\u00f4n ng\u00e0i A nan l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 7 hay 8 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, g\u1ed1c ng\u1ecdn n\u00f3i ri\u00eang ra th\u00ec h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh 11 b\u1ed9: 1 l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, 2 l\u00e0 Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, 3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9, 4 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, 5 l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, 6 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, 7 l\u00e0 M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, 8 l\u00e0 H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9, 9 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9, 10 l\u00e0 A\u1eabm quang b\u1ed9, 11 l\u00e0 Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 (11) .<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9) m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a g\u00ec h\u1ebft, v\u00ec sau khi y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 g\u00ec n\u1eefa; c\u00f2n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n kinh, chi\u1ebfm h\u1eb3n b\u1ed9 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, n\u00ean n\u00f3i h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i h\u1ec7 Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0110\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 [20] b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t (12) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nay t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i (d\u1ecb b\u1ed9), ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft (t\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 2 h\u1ec7: h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 4 \u0111o\u1ea1n, h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 7 \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 K\u00ea d\u1eadn b\u1ed9, l\u00e0 4 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

(1) Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai to\u00e0n l\u00e0 si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai to\u00e0n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(4) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(5) Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

(6) S\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(7) Uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(8) Th\u1ecd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(9) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 trong s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

(10) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

(11) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n

(12) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i danh, c\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u0103n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh n\u00f3i c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i danh, c\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u0103n, v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n [theo danh, c\u00fa v\u00e0 v\u0103n \u1ea5y].<\/p>\n

(13) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai th\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(14) [Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai th\u00ec] t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na th\u00edch \u1ee9ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(15) Ch\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai th\u00ec tr\u00ed t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(16) Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1i tinh huy\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1i tinh huy\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdng th\u00ec c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee9ng r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u1ee9ng d\u1ea7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

(17) Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t khi v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9 th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh voi tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

(18) Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t khi ra thai m\u1eb9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

(19) Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(20) Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 nguy\u1eb9\u1ea4n sinh ch\u1ed7 d\u1eef th\u00ec t\u00f9y \u00fd sinh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(21) C\u00e1i tr\u00ed ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn tri m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a 4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(22) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c nh\u00e3n nh\u0129 ty\u0560thi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 ly nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(23) S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 6 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(24) N\u0103m s\u1eafc c\u0103n th\u00ec th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, tai nghe ti\u1ebfng, m\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01a1i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm m\u00f9i, th\u00e2n bi\u1ebft x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(25) Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(26) Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

(27) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

(28) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n b\u1ecb k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0i nghi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap v\u00e0o, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

(29) Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ra th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(30) N\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap [cho s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn ra \u1ea5y].<\/p>\n

(31) Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 da h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u1eabn ra y\u00ean vui.<\/p>\n

(32) Kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0103n.<\/p>\n

(33) \u0110i\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 8 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(34) Cho \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tho\u00e1i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(35) D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9 La h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(36) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00edn c\u0103n th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

(37) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(38) V\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

(39) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111i n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m 5 t\u1ed9i v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(40) Kinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i to\u00e0n l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

(41) V\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

(42) T\u00e2m t\u00e1nh th\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m cho \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

(43) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m s\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

(44) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, v\u00e0 n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

(45) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

(46) To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

(47) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(48) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t [c\u1ee7a 4 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i] (13) .<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a 4 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf sai bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 tha t\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e2u t\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f3 2 t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(4) Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

(5) Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(6) Ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea7m m\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

(7) S\u1eafc c\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(8) T\u00e2m kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(9) T\u00e2m t\u00f9y c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 co gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [4 b\u1ed9] ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, tri\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c (14) .<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, 2 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t trong 4 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a 4 b\u1ed9: \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9, Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, K\u00ea d\u1eadn b\u1ed9. Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 48 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 9 m\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y khoan nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u1edf c\u1ea3 trong h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y sau \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i 2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp 1, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ec9, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i Ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n hai], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) N\u0103m \u00e2m thanh sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u00ec 5 \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ra gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n b\u1ecb k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0i nghi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap v\u00e0o, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng (15) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n ba], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(2) M\u01b0\u01a1i hai x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i s\u0129 d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(4) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac, m\u00e0 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ra.<\/p>\n

(5) Nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(6) Do ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tu m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(7) Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng m\u1ea5t (16) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0], Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9, T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u00fa b\u1ed9, B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u00fa b\u1ed9, 3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef.<\/p>\n

(2) Hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang Th\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n c\u00f3 5 s\u1ef1 (17) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong 4 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1i l\u1ea1 g\u00ec, l\u00e0 \u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9. Ch\u1eef t\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 D\u1ecb b\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

(18) [V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (19) l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y n\u00f3i th\u00ec g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 trong 2 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

(2) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(3) To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

(4) Sinh, gi\u00e0, s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(5) H\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 3, v\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3.<\/p>\n

(6) Ba h\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t,<\/p>\n

(7) [Trong t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf], 3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, 1 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(8) T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

(9) Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n, tu 2 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

(10) T\u01b0 duy c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c th\u00ec nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

(11) Nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh th\u00ec 15 t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e2m 16 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00fa qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(12) Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t 1 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 3 b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n

(13) Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(14) D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i l\u00fd tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n, La h\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i l\u00fd tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(15) Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng sinh.<\/p>\n

(16) Ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(17) C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(18) Trong ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

(19) Trong 7 \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c chi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(20) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m trong 4 ni\u1ec7m tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n

(21) Kh\u00f4ng do t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 La h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(22) D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f5i V\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec d\u1eabu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 La h\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

(23) D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 La h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(24) \u1ede \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c B\u1eafc c\u00e2u l\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ly \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

(25) Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng sinh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

(26) B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 sa m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

(27) N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh r\u1ed3i, do th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(28) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng [\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng] 4 ni\u1ec7m tr\u00fa bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(29) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean to\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(30) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m trong tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m trong t\u00f9y mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(31) T\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n

(32) C\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi chuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n theo La h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(33) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n t\u0103ng th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(34) Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f5i S\u1eafc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(35) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c nh\u00e3n nh\u0129 ty\u0560thi\u1ec7t th\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ly nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(36) T\u00e2m t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

(37) T\u00e2m t\u00e2m s\u1edf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1edf duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(38) T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(39) C\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f3 t\u00edn c\u0103n th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(40) La h\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu h\u1ecdc \u0111ang c\u00f2n hay tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(41) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n [th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean].<\/p>\n

(42) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169.<\/p>\n

(43) C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu ch\u1ebft trong thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(44) \u1ede trong \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(45) Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0 v\u1edbi Thanh v\u0103n Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(46) Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a 3 th\u1eeba th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

(47) T\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng vin l\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

(48) Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu ch\u00fang sinh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(49) N\u00ean n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft ki\u1ebft s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(50) Ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh th\u00ec ch\u01b0a v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

(51) Ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

(52) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

(53) Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn sau, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 do b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u00e0 la c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(54) C\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i u\u1ea9n di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(55) C\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, t\u1ea7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

(56) C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 cho 3 c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

(57) Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

(58) T\u00e1m chi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt to\u00e0n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(59) Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(60) Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

(61) Kinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t [c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9]. C\u00f2n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 (20) .<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t trong 7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn 5 s\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 5 s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y, cho La h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o — qua c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c 14, 32, 41, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 15. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n th\u1eadt qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i Ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh V\u0103n.-<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n hai], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ecb sinh.<\/p>\n

(2) B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

(3) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh \u1edf trong ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb La h\u00e1n c\u00f2n b\u1ecb k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1ee5, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0i nghi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap v\u00e0o, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfng (21) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n ba], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u00e0 la kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi u\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(2) [B\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u00e0 la \u1ea5y] do u\u1ea9n x\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft danh t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1t na sinh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u00e0 la th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau; do b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u00e0 la n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(5) C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(6) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ly nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

(7) \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i tu s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(8) Ch\u00ednh Nh\u1eabn Danh T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh ly sanh.<\/p>\n

(9) Nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ly sanh th\u00ec 12 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e2m 13 l\u00e0 tr\u00fa qu\u1ea3 (22) .<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00fa sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t 4 b\u1ed9 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9, Ch\u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9. B\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i<\/p>\n

l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n tho\u00e1i lui,<\/p>\n

tho\u00e1i lui do tham<\/p>\n

nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i,<\/p>\n

\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00ean \u1ed5n<\/p>\n

th\u00ec l\u00e0 an vui,<\/p>\n

do an vui n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn An vui (23) .<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(2) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n [t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t]; khi th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c: ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y [t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t] r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(5) \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng.<\/p>\n

(6) D\u1ecb sinh kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

(7) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(8) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh \u1edf trong ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(9) Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(10) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 La h\u00e1n t\u0103ng th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(11) N\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ly nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

(12) S\u00e1u th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(13) C\u00f3 v\u1ecb ngang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u [3 c\u00f5i].<\/p>\n

(14) C\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn c\u0103n th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

(15) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

(16) Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 3 c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

(17) D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n, La h\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

(18) T\u00e1m chi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi 4 ni\u1ec7m tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n

(19) V\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 9: tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i v\u00f4 k\u00fd, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

(20) V\u00e0o thai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i, [trong th\u00ec gian n\u00e0y] s\u1eafc c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng to\u00e0n c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(21) Trong T\u0103ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang T\u0103ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(22) Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Thanh v\u0103n v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(23) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

(24) Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau (24) .<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9. C\u00f2n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Th\u1eadt c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(2) Trung h\u1eefu c\u0169ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(3) To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(4) Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n

(5) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(6) T\u1ea7m v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

(7) \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(8) Hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang Th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

(9) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(10) U\u1ea9n X\u1ee9 Gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (25) .<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9 c\u00f2n do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 1 b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00fa sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng,<\/p>\n

m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n

t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh,<\/p>\n

\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh,<\/p>\n

tham c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c,<\/p>\n

\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i S\u1eafc<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00f5i V\u00f4 s\u1eafc,<\/p>\n

n\u0103m th\u1ee9 th\u1ea5y sai,<\/p>\n

c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (26) .<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u0103m], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Ph\u1eadt tuy \u1edf trong T\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

(2) Hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang Th\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

(3) Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Thanh v\u0103n Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(4) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(5) La h\u00e1n th\u00ec th\u00e2n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (27) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e1u], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A\u1eabm quang b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn tri th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn tri th\u00ec c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(2) Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

(5) Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111ang c\u00f2n tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o (28) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[V\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea1 b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3y], h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n

(1) N\u00f3i c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau — n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t danh Thuy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

(2) Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 c\u00e1i u\u1ea9n b\u00ean c\u0103n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i u\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ecb sinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00f3 c\u00e1i “th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u00e0 la” (29) .<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i.-<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 6 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong 7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. Theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c n\u00f3i Ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 phi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c n\u00f3i Ng\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u00e0 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3. Ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p n\u00f3i, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ng\u00e3 trong 4 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba n\u00f3i, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t cho ky\u056e M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ba s\u01b0 ba m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca di\u1ebfp ba. X\u01b0a nay hay n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, ch\u1eef ti\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a xa nguy\u00ean th\u1ec9 h\u01a1n ch\u1eef b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u00edch l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Ghi C\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n

Tam t\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n tr\u00e1ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch D\u1ecb t\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u00fd phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00fa sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee9u x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n

c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n,<\/p>\n

t\u00f4i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

lu\u1eadn D\u1ecb t\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n,<\/p>\n

v\u0103n th\u00ec th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

ngh\u0129a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Ai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed<\/p>\n

n\u00ean si\u00eang tu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Tu\u1ea5n. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[109],"tags":[50,17,52],"yoast_head":"\nD\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/di-bo-tong-luan-luan-164182.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/di-bo-tong-luan-luan-164182.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u1ecb B\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng Lu\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Tu\u1ea5n. 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