{"id":164223,"date":"2019-05-09T13:18:42","date_gmt":"2019-05-09T06:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=164223"},"modified":"2019-10-05T08:32:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-05T01:32:29","slug":"luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html","title":{"rendered":"Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba"},"content":{"rendered":"

LU\u1eacN GI\u1ea2NG R\u1ed8NG \u00dd NGH\u0128A N\u0102M U\u1ea8N THEO GI\u00c1O PH\u00c1P \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n Lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/p>\n

An Hu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecba B\u00e0 Ha La d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean H\u00f9ng<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/em><\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean H\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

(Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi, thu\u1ef7 gi\u1edbi, ho\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 phong gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng. Thu\u1ef7 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Ho\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ea5m \u00e1p. Phong gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u2018gi\u1edbi\u2019[1] c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c[2].<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1edf t\u1ea1o s\u1eafc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n, t\u1ef7 c\u0103n, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, th\u00e2n c\u0103n, s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u2018t\u1ea1o\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh[3].<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u2018c\u0103n\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n). V\u00ec sao n\u00f3i c\u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7? V\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u00e3n c\u0103n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n c\u0103n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh[4].<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf (t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc)[5] c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con m\u1eaft, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (c\u1ea3nh). Trong nh\u00e3n c\u0103n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc (\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ec7 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c – nd), n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tinh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u0129 c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ed7 tai, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh, t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. Trong nh\u0129 c\u0103n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf hay vi t\u1ebf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. Trong t\u1ef7 c\u0103n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf \u1ea5y th\u00ec t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y m\u00f9i v\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. \u1ede tr\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i, tr\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i, ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i l\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00ec thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m. N\u1eb1m ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ec7 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u2013 nd), v\u00e0 nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft, g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec3n s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc[6]… Hi\u1ec3n s\u1eafc c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng. H\u00ecnh s\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn, vu\u00f4ng, tr\u00f2n\u2026<\/p>\n

Thanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tai, g\u1ed3m \u00e2m thanh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng nh\u00e2n thanh), \u00e2m thanh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh (phi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng nh\u00e2n thanh) v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh (c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng nh\u00e2n thanh).<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd[7], c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u00c2m thanh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 tay, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00c2m thanh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i lao xao trong r\u1eebng, ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00c2m thanh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u0169i, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fai, h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng th\u00fai.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng khi m\u0169i ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 \u00edch cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 khi m\u0169i ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng th\u00fai, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 khi m\u0169i ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, chua, m\u1eb7n, cay, \u0111\u1eafng, nh\u1ea1t\u2026<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng, th\u00f4 s\u00e1p, n\u1eb7ng, nh\u1eb9, l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t\u2026 tr\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng (\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i. Th\u00f4 s\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng. N\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m \u00e1p. Do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean theo nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

\u00abPh\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c thay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u00abPh\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c thay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

\u00abPh\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c thay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

\u00abPh\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c thay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n tu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Tinh t\u1ea5n th\u00ec m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 vui thay! \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Mu\u1ed1n \u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i. Mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i 7 lo\u1ea1i x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec x\u00fac c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 11 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 g\u00ec[8]? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

H\u1eefu bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef (l\u1eddi n\u00f3i), n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u01a1i s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kia bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong th\u00e2n). V\u00ec s\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi trong b\u1ed1n T\u1ee9 t\u0129nh l\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi\u2026 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1eafc nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Hai l\u00e0 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Ba l\u00e0 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Trong \u0111\u00f3, lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec3n s\u1eafc; lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft (t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n)\u2026, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khi c\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i hai lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u00ean, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1eafm b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u1eeb th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n ra, nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd (t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh hay t\u00e2m s\u1edf) c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, ch\u00fang g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n

1. N\u0103m t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh: x\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0. N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

2. N\u0103m t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh: d\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7. N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c sai bi\u1ec7t, duy\u00ean v\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi; ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau, khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u1edfi th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i kia.<\/p>\n

3. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n: t\u00edn, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, tinh t\u1ea5n, khinh an, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, x\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

4. S\u00e1u t\u00e2m s\u1edf phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: tham, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, nghi; c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tri.<\/p>\n

5. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u00e1c t\u00e1c, thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tu\u1ef3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd n\u1eefa, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 x\u00fac\u2026 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nay s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

X\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec[9]? L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (c\u0103n \u2013 c\u1ea3nh \u2013 th\u1ee9c); t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 con m\u1eaft, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng c\u0103n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tai, m\u0169i\u2026 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p (t\u00e2m s\u1edf) m\u00e0 sinh ra n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng) c\u1ee7a x\u00fac l\u00e0 l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho th\u1ecd ph\u00e1t sinh (l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho th\u1ecd).<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec[10]? L\u00e0 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o t\u00e2m khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p (t\u00e2m s\u1edf) hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ghi nh\u1edb \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n b\u00e1m v\u00edu.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec [11]? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00f4i th\u00fac t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c (thi\u1ec7n), l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m (b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n) ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 k\u00fd\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng phan duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c ngay n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ecbch t\u00e2m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 k\u00fd, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch (nam ch\u00e2m) th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y, mu\u1ed1n nghe\u2026 th\u00ec hy v\u1ecdng, mong c\u1ea7u. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf y cho tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9m b\u1ecdt n\u1ed5i, th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eafng, h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o c\u1ea3nh. C\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 trong t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3i \u2018x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edb r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng quen thu\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng quen thu\u1ed9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp (\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia). Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

Tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v.v\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u2026 T\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho tr\u00ed, v\u00ec khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn hay th\u1ea9m tra (tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00fd, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. \u2018Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3n tr\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea9m tra t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u2018Ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00fd\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt (\u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p), \u2018kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00fd\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, \u2018kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u1edf hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nghi. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n tr\u1ea1ch, th\u1ea9m tra, \u1edf trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

T\u00edn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, cao qu\u00fd\u2026 n\u00f3 tin s\u00e2u xa, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, phi ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p[12]. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n, t\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m, a-na-h\u00e0m, a-la-h\u00e1n. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o. Cao qu\u00fd l\u00e0 tam b\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3\u2026 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n hay t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 th\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch. H\u1ed7 th\u1eb9n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 do coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed7 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lo s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft l\u1ed7i, tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ecb ngh\u1ecb\u2026 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed7 khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 tham l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tham, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00e1n s\u1ee3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u00e2m s\u1edf tham l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu[13], \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, v\u00f4 tham l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o trong h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1n s\u1ee3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec bi\u1ebft tham t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m khi\u1ebfn tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 tham l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1edf y m\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 s\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb s\u00e2n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 tham \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 si l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ngu si, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u2018Nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt\u2019 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tri. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 tham.<\/p>\n

Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ec7n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: kho\u00e1c kh\u00f4i gi\u00e1p, gia h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Khinh an l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u01b0 th\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1 th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p do y ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean v\u00f4 tham cho \u0111\u1ebfn tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, tham, s\u00e2n, si c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, t\u00ednh an tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m; t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do y ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn tinh t\u1ea5n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, do y ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec5n ly t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 trong ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 khi xa l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed; k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c l\u00e0 khi nh\u1eadm v\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7; v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 khi xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m h\u1ea1i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tham l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m, luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc n\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sinh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong ba c\u00f5i. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh kh\u1ed5, do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n sinh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

S\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf y cho \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh, do t\u00e2m \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng an \u1ed5n[14]. Kh\u00f4ng an \u1ed5n l\u00e0 b\u1edfi \u00f4m l\u00f2ng t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i m\u00ecnh trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1n, qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n, qu\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n, ti m\u1ea1n, t\u00e0 m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1c cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m th\u00ec ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb, b\u1ed1c cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n h\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1c cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn h\u01a1n h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1c cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1c cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, khi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc. Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba (\u0111\u1ecbnh), tam-ma-b\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ec3 v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb k\u00eau ng\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ti m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u00e8n y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn lao v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0 m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed1c cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t sinh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m k\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, c\u1ed1ng cao, kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, tam b\u1ea3o. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 minh. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u sinh v\u00f4 minh, hai l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh[15]. Trong d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n (ba g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tham b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, s\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, si b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n. Ba b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u00e2u sinh, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u sinh, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i do ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. C\u00e2u sinh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7m th\u00fa v.v\u2026 sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 ngu mu\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2u sinh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ngu si do tham, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi tham. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho nghi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1t-ca-da ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1t-ca-da ki\u1ebfn[16] l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf n\u01a1i n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1t (Ph\u1ea1n: sat) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, h\u01b0 ng\u1ee5y, h\u01b0 n\u00e1t; ca-da (Ph\u1ea1n: k\u0101ya) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, trong c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u00edch t\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf\u2026 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec, sat l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u0101ya l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u00ean ch\u00fang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ebfn[17].<\/p>\n

Bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec[18]? L\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e1t-ca-da ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\u2026, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ly.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0i b\u00e1c nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i b\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i b\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 sao? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9: phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 ba th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7; nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu. H\u1eefu t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p) n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: \u2018N\u00e0y A-nan! N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1edf v\u1ecb lai, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu\u2019. B\u00e0i b\u00e1c h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i b\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 sao? Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 bay th\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, s\u00e1u x\u1ee9, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, sinh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. B\u00e1c b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c nh\u00e2n; cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c qu\u1ea3. Ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh ho\u00e1 sinh\u2026 s\u1ef1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n

Cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 a-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n th\u00eam ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, khi\u1ebfn cho thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n c\u00e0ng th\u00eam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec[19]? L\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng ba ki\u1ebfn, u\u1ea9n s\u1edf y, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 tu\u1ec7. Ba ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00e1t-ca-da, bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. U\u1ea9n s\u1edf y l\u00e0, u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn kia.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec[20]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u1ea5m nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 u\u1ea9n s\u1edf y, tu\u1ef3 theo ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ly. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u1ea5m nguy\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 (ng\u01b0u gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea9u gi\u1edbi) v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea1o t\u00f3c, ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef ba ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn\u2026 Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1eady m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 (n\u1ebfu tu t\u1eadp theo th\u00ec) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o l\u1eeda\u2026 Th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

U\u1ea9n s\u1edf y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0, cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0, cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, xu\u1ea5t ly phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, xu\u1ea5t ly sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 v\u00f4 \u00edch. C\u1ea7n kh\u1ed5 v\u00f4 \u00edch l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Nghi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 do d\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, tam b\u1ea3o… T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh. Trong c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ba phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ki\u1ebfn sau c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nghi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u1edfi, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eabn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c trong l\u00f2ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dao g\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1o \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

H\u1eadn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eaft k\u1ebft o\u00e1n th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf do ph\u1eabn \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho b\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00fa l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 che d\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. V\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 che d\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00ean khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9. Ph\u00fa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a si. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m, ph\u00e1t sinh la l\u1ed1i b\u1ea1o tr\u1ee3n, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, hung \u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ph\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1eadn, kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i (ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c). N\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, hung \u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1eef d\u1eb1n, hung hi\u1ec3m nh\u1eb1m ch\u00e2m ch\u00edch, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng an \u1ed5n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p phi ph\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00e2m kh\u1edfi \u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ganh t\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec danh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i (c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i, sinh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng vui. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Xan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh keo ki\u1ec7t b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n\u2026 sinh t\u00e2m tham lam, keo ki\u1ec7t, m\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hu\u1ec7 th\u00ed, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 xan. T\u00e2m \u0111am m\u00ea, d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 do xan l\u1eadn, t\u00e0i v\u1eadt d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi c\u0169ng t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a, c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec[21]? L\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, ngu\u1ef5 tr\u00e1, gi\u1ea3 trang \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Si\u1ec3m l\u00e0 g\u00ec[22]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh cong v\u1ea1y, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00e0y ra d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb nh\u1eb1m che \u0111\u1eady t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, v\u00ec danh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham v\u00e0 si. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed1i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Do si\u1ec3m kh\u00fac, khi c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 quay \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ki\u00eau l\u00e0 g\u00ec[23]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh cu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ea1o, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111am m\u00ea, \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n. Th\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Say m\u00ea ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m, y\u00eau th\u00edch, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5. Ki\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec[24]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n. T\u1ed5n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng dao, g\u1eady\u2026 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i\u2026 Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ee9c n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 t\u00e0m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7 th\u1eb9n. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 qu\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec[25]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kham nhi\u1ec7m. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a si. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m do nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn\u2026 T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, khi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia th\u00ec sinh t\u00e2m vui th\u00edch, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f9a\u2026 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u0129nh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t t\u00edn l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3\u2026 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u00edn thu\u1eadn, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tinh ti\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu h\u00e0nh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tinh ti\u1ebfn tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y v\u00e0o tham, s\u00e2n, si, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng si\u00eang n\u0103n tu t\u1eadp. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111i chung v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1edb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb ngh\u0129a l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham, s\u00e2n, si, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u t\u00e1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ly d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tri l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, n\u00ean ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1edfi th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi lui v.v\u2026 do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0m hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m, v\u00ec v\u1eady d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt nghi.<\/p>\n

\u00c1c t\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec[26]? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1 t\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, n\u00ean truy h\u1ed1i. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, do \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, sau kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m truy h\u1ed1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e1c. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo nh\u00e2n y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1u x\u00fac x\u1ee9, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m, sau kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m truy h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n; nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng trong h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f3t l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, sau kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m truy h\u1ed1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, sau kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m truy h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, sau kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m truy h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec[27]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u0169 r\u01b0\u1ee3i khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a si. V\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 mu\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba t\u00ednh, thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m[28].<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ng\u00f4n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u00dd ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft minh \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi \u00fd). N\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o, c\u1ed5 xe\u2026 Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho x\u00fac l\u1ea1c, x\u00fac kh\u1ed5\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 v\u00e0 hu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng vi t\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng vi t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o\u2026 n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng vi t\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\u2026<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec[29]? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, t\u00e2m\u2026 N\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00ed thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 d\u1ecb t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecb t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean, m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, sinh, l\u00e3o, tr\u1ee5, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n, d\u1ecb sinh t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc[30]? L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. T\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec[31]? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ly \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t ly \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ly t\u01b0\u1edfng, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec[32]? L\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, t\u1eeb h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tinh t\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean n\u1eefa, do t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho s\u00e1u chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 (m\u1ea1t-na th\u1ee9c). Trong \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1u chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec[33]? L\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, sinh v\u00e0o tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean, do di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec[34]? L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn d\u1eaft an tr\u1ee5 \u1edf n\u01a1i Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 an tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ea1ng c\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec[35]? L\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n sinh.<\/p>\n

Sinh l\u00e0 g\u00ec[36]? Trong Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng nay hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 sinh.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh kia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec[37]? L\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh kia li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh kia li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Danh th\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec[38]? L\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i m\u1eaft,\u2026<\/p>\n

C\u00fa th\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec[39]? L\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u2018c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019\u2026<\/p>\n

V\u0103n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec[40]? V\u0103n l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1edf y cho danh th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00fa th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111i. Hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 danh th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00fa th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t sai bi\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.[41]<\/p>\n

D\u1ecb sinh t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec[42]? L\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch t\u1eadp, thu g\u00f3p; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd, v\u00ec n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m trong \u00fd. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu g\u00f3p, t\u00edch t\u1eadp m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, do th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sinh kh\u1edfi (sau khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ra kh\u1ecfi) di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y sinh kh\u1edfi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng s\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sinh kh\u1edfi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang sinh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i. Th\u1ee9c a-l\u1ea1i-da c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu g\u00f3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, thu g\u00f3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn th\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean, n\u00ean l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 a-\u0111\u00e0-na th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ec th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea1t-na th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e3 si, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec3n, tr\u1eeb b\u1eadc a-la-h\u00e1n, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u00e1u chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c (m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (m\u1ea1t-na) v\u00e0 a-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: U\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: U\u1ea9n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1eadp. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3i chung nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i, th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng, x\u1ee9 s\u1edf sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc\u2026 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c trong th\u1ebf gian, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n n\u00f3i: \u2018N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb lai, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c trong, ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eafng, ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c xa\u2026 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nhi\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u2019.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, s\u1eafc x\u1ee9, nh\u0129 x\u1ee9, thanh x\u1ee9, t\u1ecb x\u1ee9, h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9, thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, v\u1ecb x\u1ee9, th\u00e2n x\u1ee9, x\u00fac x\u1ee9, \u00fd x\u1ee9, ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n v.v\u2026 g\u1ed3m n\u0103m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia.<\/p>\n

X\u00fac x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00fac. \u00dd x\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n. Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi, tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u1eafc[43]. Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng do tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c[44].<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng do tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c (phi ly h\u1ec7) l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng sinh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec[45]? L\u00e0 di\u1ec7t do tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng sinh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: X\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: X\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, nh\u0129 gi\u1edbi, thanh gi\u1edbi, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef7 gi\u1edbi, h\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecb gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, th\u00e2n gi\u1edbi, x\u00fac gi\u1edbi, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, \u00fd gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u c\u0103n gi\u1edbi nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd v\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ed3i. Nay tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eebng th\u1ee9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00e1u c\u0103n nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129\u2026 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, thanh\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00dd gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf n\u01a1i y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp 18 gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean \u00dd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m \u00fd x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ba u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Gi\u1edbi bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eadm tr\u00ec, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh, t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: V\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3i u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ba th\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0, trong m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc? Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc? C\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi (n\u0103m c\u0103n, n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y (h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn)? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y (v\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn)? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i (h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i)? L\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian, g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i (v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i)? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu? L\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00edt c\u1ee7a ba gi\u1edbi sau c\u00f9ng[46], v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu? L\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ba gi\u1edbi sau c\u00f9ng, t\u1ee9c \u00fd gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi[47].<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi? L\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c[48].<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi? L\u00e0 ba gi\u1edbi sau c\u00f9ng, g\u1ed3m \u00fd gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ba c\u00f5i? L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 U\u1ea9n? Tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n? Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 k\u00fd? C\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3y t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc, thanh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi (l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si; l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi tham, s\u00e2n, si; ngo\u00e0i ra l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd). T\u00e1m gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 k\u00fd (n\u0103m c\u0103n, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac).<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n? L\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n? L\u00e0 s\u00e1u gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean? B\u1ea3y t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi[49] v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf duy\u00ean? C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng t\u00e2m), l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t? L\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, \u00fd gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd[50]? L\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00edt b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd? Ch\u00edn gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u00edt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n[51]? L\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1eafc b\u00ean trong, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n[52]? L\u00e0 th\u1ee9c kia l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1: Gi\u1edbi, Ph\u1ea1n dh\u0101tu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong n\u00fai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c c\u00e1c th\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi; c\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edf y hay trong chu\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

[2] Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ecbt\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

[3] T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa 127, tr.663a22: T\u1ea1o (up\u0101d\u0101ya) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? … T\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n (hetu).<\/p>\n

[4] C\u0103n, Ph\u1ea1n indriya, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u0103n m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u016bla: r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y. Ko\u015ba ii: ka\u1e25 punar indriy\u0101rtha\u1e25 idi parami\u015bvarye. tasya indant\u012bti indriy\u0101\u1e47i. ata \u0101dhipaty\u0101rtha indriy\u0101rtha\u1e25. C\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u221aid (= ind: \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n. C\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch (Huy\u1ec1n Trang): \u6700\u52dd\u81ea\u5728\u5149\u986f\u540d\u6839\u7531\u6b64\u7e3d\u6210\u6839\u589e\u4e0a\u7fa9. C\u0103n, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a: t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

[5] T\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, Ph\u1ea1n r\u016bpapras\u0101da, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t minh t\u1ecbnh, trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

[6] Bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm, bu\u00f4ng, co, du\u1ed7i, \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i\u2026 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

[7] Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd, Ph\u1ea1n, up\u0101di. S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a An Hu\u1ec7:up\u0101d\u0101nam up\u0101di\u1e25 sa punar \u0101tm\u0101divikalpav\u0101san\u0101 r\u016bp\u0101didharmavikalpav\u0101san\u0101ca, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd t\u1ee9c th\u1ee7 (ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, trong th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2nbi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p. up\u0101di \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong t\u1eeb ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p: sa-up\u0101di-\u015be\u1e63a-nirv\u0101\u1e47a, h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 32 (tr. 167c13): \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi? A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ngv\u1eabn c\u00f2n, d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc do \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m y n\u01a1i th\u00e2nc\u1ee7a n\u0103m c\u0103n m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n\u2026\u201d Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, up\u0101di \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, hay sinh y, l\u00e0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u0103n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. Thu\u1eadt k\u00fd (tr. 315c11): \u201cCh\u1ea5p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0nhi\u1ebfp tr\u00ec \u651d\u7fa9\u6301\u7fa9 (th\u00e2u t\u00f3m v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec). Th\u1ecd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c tri \u9818\u7fa9\u89ba\u7fa9. Th\u00e2u t\u00f3m v\u00e0o t\u1ef1th\u1ec3, duy tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng an nguy l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3i l\u00e0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd.\u201d Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd l\u00e0 upatta, trong t\u1eeb ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p upatta-mah\u0101bh\u016bta, (h\u1eefu) ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng, ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

[8] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn th\u00edch: V\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc (avij\u00f1aptir\u016bpa) l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y. L\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc hay bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c \u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u01a1n qu\u1ea3. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi trong th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc. Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ef1c vi, m\u00e0 y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. V\u00ec t\u00f9y theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

[9] X\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u0103n y tr\u00ean t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ba (trikasa\u1e43nip\u0101te indriyavik\u0101rapariccheda\u1e25); ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd (vedan\u0101sa\u1e43ni\u015brayakarmaka\u1e25).\u201d Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o 1 (T31n1602, tr. 481a21): \u201cX\u00fac, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ba s\u1ef1.\u201d T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m 3 (18a11): \u201cDo b\u1edfi duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ee9c con m\u1eaft ph\u00e1t sinh. S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ba s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh x\u00fac. Do duy\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd ph\u00e1t sinh.\u201d Pali, S. iv. 68: cakkhu\u00f1ca pa\u1e6dicca r\u016bpe ca uppajjati cakkhuvi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a\u1e43\u2026 imesa\u1e43 ti\u1e47\u1e47a\u1e43 dhamm\u0101na\u1e43 sa\u1e45gati sannip\u0101to samav\u0101yo, aya\u1e43 vuccati cakkhusamphasso. Duy\u00ean n\u01a1i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ee9c con m\u1eaft ph\u00e1t sinh\u2026 S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ba ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

[10] Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn: T\u00e1c \u00fd, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m; ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh; \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m s\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

[11] Th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn: T\u01b0, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ecbch t\u00e2m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v.v\u2026 T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed3i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

[12] B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u00e1i sinh trong S\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

[13] H\u1eefu l\u00e0 ba c\u00f5i (d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu, s\u1eafc h\u1eefu, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu). C\u00e1c t\u01b0 c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho h\u1eefu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

[14] Tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t an \u1ed5n. Ph\u1ea1n aspar\u015bavih\u0101ra, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 phix\u00fac tr\u1ee5, hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ee9c x\u00fac do t\u00e2m th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, b\u1ee9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

[15] C\u00e2u sinh v\u00f4 minh: v\u00f4 minh t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh, sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh: V\u00f4 minh do ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t suy x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

[16] T\u00e1t-ca-da ki\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea1n satk\u0101yad\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di: h\u1eefu th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf s\u1edf n\u01a1i 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n. Cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n 5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ta hay c\u1ee7a ta, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1t-ca-da ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

[17] Theo T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 8, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 20 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 sai bi\u1ec7t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y: y tr\u00ean n\u0103m u\u1ea9n; trong m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ba ng\u00e3 s\u1edf, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh 20. Mah\u0101vyutpatti: ta l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n (r\u016bpam \u0101tm\u0101 sv\u0101mivat); ta c\u00f3 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 anh l\u1ea1c (r\u016bpav\u0101n \u0101tm\u0101 ala\u1e43k\u0101ravat); s\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ta nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ta (\u0101tm\u012bya\u1e43 r\u016bpam bh\u1e5btyavat); ta \u1edf trong s\u1eafc \u1edf trong nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed m\u00e3nh (r\u016bpe \u0101tm\u0101 bh\u0101janavat)\u2026<\/p>\n

[18] Bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn, Ph\u1ea1n antagr\u0101ha-d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di: ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m 47 th\u1ee9 trong s\u1ed1 62 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng (s\u1ed1 21, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m).<\/p>\n

[19] Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, Ph\u1ea1n d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6diparamar\u015ba. T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa 58 (tr. 621c05): Ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t trong 62 ki\u1ebfn, cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, t\u1ed1i di\u1ec7u, b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cDuy ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i; do \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

[20] Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, Ph\u1ea1n \u015b\u012blavratapar\u0101mar\u015ba. T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa 58 (tr. 621c09): \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5m nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd tr\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, t\u00f9y ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7. \u1ede trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i di\u1ec7u; b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cDuy ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

[21] Cu\u1ed1ng, hay khi cu\u1ed1ng: l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t. Ph\u1ea1n m\u0101y\u0101, huy\u1ec5n ng\u1ee5y. M\u0101y\u0101 parava\u00f1can\u0101 y\u0101bh\u016bt\u0101rthasa\u1e43dar\u015banat\u0101., huy\u1ec5n ng\u1ee5y (cu\u1ed1ng), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

[22] Si\u1ec3m, hay si\u1ec3m kh\u00fac, gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i quanh co. Ph\u1ea1n \u015b\u0101\u1e6dhya. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee5y tr\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, danh d\u1ef1 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 trang \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng khi cu\u1ed1ng, t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng. K\u1ebb gi\u1ea3 trang \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 m\u01b0u ch\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00f2ng, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[23] Ki\u00eau, Ph\u1ea1n mada. Svasa\u1e43pattau raktasyoddhar\u1e63a\u015b cetasa\u1e25 ary\u0101d\u0101na\u1e43\/ \u0110am m\u00ea kho\u00e1i ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u00e2m sinh cu\u1ed3ng ng\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

[24] H\u1ea1i, Ph\u1ea1n vihi\u1e43s\u0101. Vihi\u1e43s\u0101 sattvavihe\u1e6dhan\u0101\/ vividhair vadhabandhanat\u0101\u1e0danatarjan\u0101dibhi\u1e25 sattv\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 hi\u1e43s\u0101 vihi\u1e43s\u0101\/ H\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sinh. S\u1ef1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft, tr\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, d\u1ecda n\u1ea1t v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

[25] H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, Ph\u1ea1n sty\u0101na. Sty\u0101na\u1e43 citaasy\u0101karma\u1e47yat\u0101 staimyta\u1e43\/ H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m d\u1ecbu d\u1ec5 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

[26] Kaukrtya cetaso vipratis\u0101ra\u1e25: \u1ed0 t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai t\u1eeb h\u1ed1i \u6094v\u00e0 \u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u60e1\u4f5c. Theo g\u1ed1c Ph\u1ea1n kauk\u1e5btya, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u60e1\u4f5c(c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e1c), l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 4 (tr. 20b7): \u201c\u1ed0 t\u00e1c (hay \u00e1c t\u00e1c) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3 \u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ed1 t\u00e1c (Ph\u1ea1n kuk\u1e5btabh\u0101va\u1e25 kauk\u1e5btyam: th\u1ec3 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a kuk\u1e5bta l\u00e0 kauk\u1e5btyam). T\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3 \u1ed1. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m (cetaso vipratis\u0101ra\u1e25) duy\u00ean v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3 \u1ed1\u201d. Kutsita\u1e43 k\u1e5btam iti uk\u1e5bta\u1e43 tadbhava\u1e25 kauk\u1e5btya\/ Ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1e5bta: \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 \u1ed1, \u0111\u00e1ng khinh gh\u00e9t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kuk\u1e5btya: vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u1ea3 \u1ed1. Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 ng\u1eef hay danh t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kauk\u1e5btya. H\u1ed1i t\u1ee9c truy h\u1ed1i, Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 vipratis\u0101ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 v\u00e0 trong s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Sthiramati. H\u00e1n \u60e1\u4f5cc\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cvi\u1ec7c \u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady truy h\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3i n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba t\u00ednh? Nh\u01b0ng trong t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 kunguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n t\u1eeb nghi v\u1ea5n, nhi\u1ec1u khi h\u00e0m \u00fd b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n: \u201cc\u00e1i qu\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y?\u201d Cho n\u00ean, ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb kuk\u1e5bta, v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kauk\u1e5btya ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1c. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a n\u00f3, t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a n\u00f3: t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba t\u00ednh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c n\u00eau. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u00e3 thay t\u1eeb kauk\u1e5btya: \u1ed1 t\u00e1c bang vipratis\u0101ra: h\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u theo ch\u1eef H\u00e1n ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\n

[27] Middham asvatantravi\u1e5btticettaso\u2019bhisa\u1e43k\u1e63epa\u1e25\/ Th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 co r\u00fat hay r\u00fat g\u1ecdn (tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9n, mu\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee3c) c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m khi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

[28] Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n: Nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

[29] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 4 (tr.22a04): Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng t\u00e2m? \u0110\u1eafc (pr\u0101pti), phi \u0111\u1eafc (aprapti), \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n (sabh\u0101ga), v.v., c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m; ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh (cittaviprayukta-sa\u1e43sak\u0101r\u0101\u1e25).<\/p>\n

[30] \u0110\u1eafc, Ph\u1ea1n pr\u0101pti. C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 4, t\u1ee5ng iv 37a: \u0111\u1eafc, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u5f97\u8b02\u7372\u6210\u5c31. S\u1ef1 thu ho\u1ea1ch (l\u0101bha, pratilambha) c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc. S\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (samanvaya, samanv\u0101gama).<\/p>\n

[31] Lu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c: V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 d\u1ecb sinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5c tham trong Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean n\u1eefa, do t\u00e1c \u00fd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t ly, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t; s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean l\u1eadp danh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng; v\u00ec n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n an h\u00f2a, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

[32] Lu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c: Di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3, h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc hay v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 ly tham thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, tham c\u00f5i tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, do b\u1edfi t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u00e2m t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4; \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n an h\u00f2a n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do ri\u00eang nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn hai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

[33] Lu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh duy th\u1ee9c: V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean: tu \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4; do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, sinh v\u00e0o tr\u1eddi \u1ea5y, tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1u chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1eaft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[34] Ko\u015ba, K.ii.45a-b: \u0101yur jiv\u012btam \u0101dh\u0101ra u\u1e63mavij\u00f1\u0101nyor hi ya\u1e25, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ea1ng (s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng), n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec h\u01a1i \u1ea5m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. Thu\u1eadn ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd 13 (tr. 404b15): Nghi\u1ec7p duy tr\u00ec th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd duy tr\u00ec h\u01a1i \u1ea5m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

[35] Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n (nik\u0101ya-sabh\u0101ga) hay \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n (sabh\u0101ga). Ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i 1 (T26n1542_p0694a23): \u201cCh\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i sabh\u0101gat\u0101) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.\u201d T\u00ec-b\u00e0-sa 27 (T27n1545_p0138a09), C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 5 (tr. 24a09): \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (Bh\u0101\u1e63ya: sabh\u0101gat\u0101 n\u0101ma dravyam, sattv\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 s\u0101d\u1e5b\u015byam).<\/p>\n

[36] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 5 (tr. 27c29): \u201cTrong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t-na t\u1eebng s\u00e1t-na, c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (b\u1ea3n v\u00f4) nay hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh”. Bh\u0101\u1e63ya: j\u0101tir ap\u016brvo bh\u0101va\u1e25 sthiti\u1e25 prabandho, sinh, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 nay hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

[37] Ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed: \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5? H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 sinh m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t\u201d. Bh\u0101\u1e63ya: tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

[38] Danh, Ph\u1ea1n n\u0101ma, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Bh\u0101\u1e63ya: tatra sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101kara\u1e47a\u1e43 n\u0101ma, danh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ee9c g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Thu\u1eadn ch\u00e1nh l\u00fd 14 (tr. 413a02): \u201cT\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh th\u00e2n (sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101muktayo n\u0101mak\u0101y\u0101\u1e25)… T\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp (samav\u0101ya).\u201d<\/p>\n

[39] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 Quang k\u00fd 5: Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0 (pada), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00edch (d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n)… Ph\u1ea1n b\u1ea1c-ca (v\u0101kya), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng… Sai bi\u1ec7t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i, \u201cC\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

[40] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 Quang k\u00fd 5, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n ti\u1ec7n-thi\u1ec7n-na (vya\u00f1jana) d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec3n (r\u00f5 b\u00e0y).. Ph\u1ea1n \u00e1c-xoa-la (ak\u1e63ara), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

[41] Ko\u015ba k.ii. 47a-b, n\u0101mak\u0101y\u0101daya\u1e25 sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101v\u0101ky\u0101k\u1e63arasamuktaya\u1e25, danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft (h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3) c\u1ee7a \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00fa v\u00e0 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft. Trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u0101mak\u0101ya ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 r\u016bpa (s\u1eafc), \u015babda (thanh), v.v\u2026; padak\u0101ya, ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00fa hay m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 anity\u0101 bata samsk\u0101r\u0101\u1e25, \u201c\u00f4i, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d vya\u00f1jana, v\u0103n = ak\u1e63ara, \u00e2m ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m: a \u0101 i \u012b; ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m: k, c, \u1e6d, t, p.<\/p>\n

[42] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 4, 23b18: Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u1ecb sinh t\u00ednh (p\u1e5bthagjanatva)? Ch\u01b0a th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh (\u0101ryadharm\u0101n\u0101m al\u0101bha\u1e25), hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (m\u0101rgasy\u0101pr\u0101pttir i\u1e63yate p\u1e5bthagjanatvam). Du-gi\u00e0 56, tr. 607c8: Y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecb ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ecb sinh t\u00ednh. D\u1ecb sinh t\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

[43] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 1 (tr. ): “T\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng (v\u00f4 vi); trong \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc (Bh\u0101\u1e63ya: an\u0101vara\u1e47asvabh\u0101vam k\u0101\u015bam, yatra r\u016bpasya gati\u1e25).<\/p>\n

[44] Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t (apratisa\u1e43khy\u0101nirodha), Du-gi\u00e0 53 tr. 593a19: khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sinh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t. Tham chi\u1ebfu C\u00e2u-x\u00e1, k. i. 3: \u7562\u7adf\u7919\u7576\u751f\u5225\u5f97\u975e\u64c7\u6ec5c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do khuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t \u2013 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng do t\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ch. Ko\u015ba. i. 3: utp\u0101d\u0101tyantavighno\u2019nyo nirodho\u2019prais\u00eda\u1e43khyay\u0101. T\u1ea1p t\u1eadp 2, tr. 702c3: phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng do tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng do b\u1edfi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

[45] C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 i. 3: tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ly h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c (Ko\u015ba. i. 3: pratisa\u1e43khy\u0101nirodho yo visa\u1e43yoga\u1e25).<\/p>\n

[46] Ba gi\u1edbi sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u00fd gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, ba gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

[47] Ba gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf hay v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

[48] Trong S\u1eafc gi\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb. V\u00ec hai gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u00e1c sinh l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai ly d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u0169i v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

[49] C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd gi\u1edbi; b\u1ea3y t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c (vi\u1e63aya).<\/p>\n

[50] Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd (up\u0101tta) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u1eafm gi\u1eef l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1edf y, v\u00ec h\u1eefu \u00edch hay t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abc\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n

[51] \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 giao thi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ee9c. Hay ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f3 chung ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n. Ho\u1eb7c do b\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

[52] Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch: Th\u00edch Nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m: S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda v\u00e0 gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh m\u1ec1m, l\u1eeda c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh nh\u1eb9, hay gi\u1eef t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u1ea7y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1eafc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, Nh\u0129 c\u0103n, T\u1ec9 c\u0103n, Thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n c\u0103n. S\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a X\u00fac thu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc v\u1eady. T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: C\u0103n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u0103n ngh\u0129a s\u1edf ng\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 th\u00ec sanh ra nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c v\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u0103n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 sanh ra th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. T\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u1eaft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t s\u1eefa, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y n\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u0129 c\u0103n?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec l\u1ea5y thinh l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. T\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong tai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y; n\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 c\u0103n?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec l\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. T\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u0169i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y, n\u00ean t\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec l\u1ea5y v\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. T\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i, chu bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. Do t\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u0103n?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec l\u1ea5y x\u00fac l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh. T\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, chu bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y; n\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc?<\/p>\n

– M\u1eaft hi\u1ec7n ra m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc. Hi\u1ec3n s\u1eafc c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc: xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thinh?<\/p>\n

– Tai th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean nh\u01a1n c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p hay ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01a1n thinh. Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tay, c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v.v… c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01a1n thinh v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3, ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v.v… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01a1n thinh v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ed7 m\u0169i g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, m\u00f9i th\u1ed1i, m\u00f9i h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p v.v… M\u00f9i th\u01a1m l\u00fac g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i theo vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn. M\u00f9i th\u1ed1i l\u00fac g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9nxa l\u00eca n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. M\u00f9i h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p l\u00fac g\u1eb7p m\u0169i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb?<\/p>\n

– L\u01b0\u1ee1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, chua, n\u1ed3ng, cay, \u0111\u1eafng, nh\u1ea1t v.v…<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t ph\u1ea7n?<\/p>\n

– Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh tr\u01a1n, t\u00e1nh r\u00edt, t\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, t\u00e1nh nh\u1eb9, t\u00e1nh l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t v.v…<\/p>\n

Tr\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ebf nhuy\u1ec5n, r\u00edt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5m l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 v\u00ec x\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 vui, di\u1ec5n n\u00f3i ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p vui, ch\u00fang T\u0103ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p vui, \u0111\u1ed3ng tu tinh t\u1ea5n vui, si\u00eang n\u0103ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vui, t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u vui. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n \u0103n v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i, mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng v\u00ec kh\u00e1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i 7 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o x\u00fac v\u1edbi 4 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh 11 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p, sanh ra t\u1eeb Tam Ma \u0110\u1ecba, s\u1eafc n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1eefu bi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd. S\u1eafc n\u1ea7y sanh l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kia m\u00e0 c\u00f3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ecf r\u00f5 ra, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u. Tam Ma \u0110\u1ecba n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o, sanh ra s\u1eafc. C\u00f3 4 s\u1ef1 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng sanh ra s\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o t\u00e1nh, t\u00ean l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nghi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i. Ba l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Trong kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc. B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n. B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y sanh, c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n chia l\u00eca.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 2 s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n kia.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 2 s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd chia l\u00eca. Th\u1ecd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh n\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

– Hay t\u0103ng th\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng th\u1eafng l\u00e0 thu n\u1ea1p c\u00e1c th\u1eafng l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh; n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u01b0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh. X\u00fac, t\u00e1c, \u00fd, t\u01b0, d\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, ni\u1ec7m, tam ma \u0111\u1ecba, hu\u1ec7, t\u00edn, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, tinh t\u1ea5n, khinh an, b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, x\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i, tham, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh, ki\u1ebfn, nghi, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1eed, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri, \u00e1c t\u00e1c, th\u00f9y mi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 5 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 k\u00fd; n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y, v\u00ec sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh, n\u00ean tri\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng ly, trong n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

11 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, 6 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ngo\u00e0i ra l\u00e0 t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, 4 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd, x\u00fac v.v… l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, nay s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

3 h\u00f2a l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c h\u00f2a n\u1ea7y do t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p sanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 x\u00fac v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 do t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n kinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 \u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m ngh\u0129a, \u1edf n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c. T\u00e2m n\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1nh n\u1ea7y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kim g\u1eb7p nam ch\u00e2m \u01b0a l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u00e9o t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec y\u00eau m\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vui, hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vui hay c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nghe vi\u1ec7c \u01b0a th\u00edch. C\u00f3 \u00fd mong mu\u1ed1n hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m vui, hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng gi\u00e3i?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh – nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u1ea5n kh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n n\u00f3i: S\u1eafc nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9t, t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y, h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hay tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y sanh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ea5n tr\u00ec ngh\u0129a. D\u01b0 v\u00f4 d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p, t\u0103ng th\u1eafng n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sai s\u1eed, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t, minh k\u00fd l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam ma \u0111\u1ecba?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, t\u00e2m nh\u1ee9t c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Qu\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u1eady. V\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. T\u00e2m nh\u1ee9t c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0 tr\u00ed s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. Do t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hu\u1ec7?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay l\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 l\u00fd s\u1edf d\u1eabn; ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00fd s\u1edf d\u1eabn; ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 phi s\u1edf d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ebb kia hay qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, do hu\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 l\u00fd s\u1edf d\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00fd s\u1edf d\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eady. C\u1ee5 phi s\u1edf d\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p, hu\u1ec7 hay ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u1edf trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00edn?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01a1n l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3, tin s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, phi ph\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n, T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m, A Na H\u00e0m, A La H\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o. B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, c\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1eadn theo, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ly c\u1ea7u ngh\u0129a. Do d\u1ee5c s\u1edf \u00fd l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0m?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. T\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

bi\u1ebft hay ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, k\u1ebb th\u1eb9n th\u00f9ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i, hay \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00fd?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 tha t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hay t\u00e1c t\u1ed9i, t\u00e2m h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. K\u1ebb tha t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 hay s\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1t v\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i m\u1ea5t \u0111i, t\u00e2m x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 T\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 tham \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 tham, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t. T\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u1ebfm trung. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi, s\u1edf \u00fd l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 s\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. L\u1ea5y t\u1eeb l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 tham \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 si?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y si \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. L\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a 4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay gia h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh tri. Nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 tham \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, khuy\u1ebfn d\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec9 gi\u00e1p, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c gia h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 h\u1ef7 t\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a n\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khinh an?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, kham n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hay x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh, l\u1ea5y tr\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. Do l\u1ef1c n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, hay x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng n\u01a1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o v\u00f4 tham, cho \u0111\u1ebfn tinh t\u1ea5n, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u1eady. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, tinh t\u1ea5n 4 ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh, hay tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh. Th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian l\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn tinh t\u1ea5n, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u1ea7y, l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, an tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng si. C\u00f3 t\u00e1nh si\u00eang n\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c hay xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7c cho l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5p, k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i b\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. L\u1ea5y bi l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. V\u00ec do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n sanh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tham?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong 3 c\u00f5i. S\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. Do v\u00ec s\u1ee9c \u00e1i n\u00ean sanh ra ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 t\u00e1nh hay l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n sanh. \u1ede n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– M\u1ea1n c\u00f3 7 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ea1n, qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n, qu\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n, bi m\u1ea1n, nha m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 th\u1eafng c\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 cao l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1eafng m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 th\u1eafng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m cao c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– Hay th\u1eafng t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m cao c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e3 s\u1edf. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m cao c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m cao c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tam ma \u0111\u1ecba, tam mi\u1ec7u b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 v.v… C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n th\u00f9 th\u1eafng; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m cao c\u1eed l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nha m\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m c\u1ed1ng cao l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay sinh t\u00e2m c\u1ed1ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh?<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, v\u00f4 tr\u00ed l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u sinh; Hai l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n, n\u00ean b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh. V\u00ec 3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n l\u00e0: Tham b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, S\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n v\u00e0 Si b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n, c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u sanh. B\u1ea5t c\u00e2u sanh l\u00e0 hay kh\u1edfi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e2u sanh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7m th\u00fa; b\u1ea5t c\u00e2u sanh l\u00e0 tham t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nghi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e1t gi\u00e0 na ki\u1ebfn, Bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn, Nha ki\u1ebfn, Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1t gi\u00e0 na ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

– Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf, l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. T\u00e1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i. Ca na ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i. T\u1ee9c \u1edf trong c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng, u\u1ea9n hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e3 s\u1edf v\u1eady. V\u00ec sao m\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? – V\u00ec T\u00e1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hay t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ca na l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m, n\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf v\u1eady. K\u1ebb b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf \u00fd l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 do l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e1t ca na l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00e0 hay ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o; ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eady. L\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. K\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean l\u00e0 hay ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m bi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady. K\u1ebb \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu, sau khi ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. Ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i. L\u1ea5y ch\u01b0\u1edbng trung \u0111\u1ea1o xa l\u00eca l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nha ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng nh\u01a1n qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng tin s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. L\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. K\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u01a1n qu\u1ea3, nguy\u00ean nh\u01a1n l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e1nh, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 5 chi m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7. Nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu. H\u1eefu c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o Ng\u00e0i A Nan: N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 \u1edf v\u1ecb lai, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1eefu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e1n nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 7 nh\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0: Th\u1ee9c, Danh s\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c x\u1ee9, X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, Sanh, L\u00e3o, T\u1eed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e1n qu\u1ea3. Ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n v\u00f4 thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00e1c. T\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n v\u00f4 thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, \u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u00e1n qu\u1ea3. B\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng cha, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a sanh, ch\u00fang sanh, b\u00e1n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 b\u00e1n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y qua \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u1ebf gian, v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n th\u00ec v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eddi sau sanh ra ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t sanh thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7?<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 vi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi th\u1eafng v\u00e0 vi c\u1ef1c. L\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Ba s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e1t Ca Na, bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nha ki\u1ebfn. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n c\u1ea3. Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 Na ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7?<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n, t\u00f9y theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, xu\u1ea5t ly. L\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Xa l\u00eca 7 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c. C\u1ea5m l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 nh\u1ed5 t\u00f3c, ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh hu\u1ec7 v.v… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o l\u1eeda, n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y do s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 ra hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o u\u1ea9n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 hay n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xa r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed. V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi?<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hay b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, l\u00fac c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y do d\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng sanh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh. S\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p, \u1edf trong c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sau 3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghi, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u1edfi l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u sanh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1eabn?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. T\u00e2m t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, hay c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea1o \u00e1c, ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eadn?<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u, k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c o\u00e1n h\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng hay nh\u1eabn. L\u1ea5y s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00fac?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, l\u1ea5y \u1ed5n t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u00ean \u1ed5n, k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e1nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do si m\u00ea che l\u1ea5p v\u1eady. Hay t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i, \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n, l\u1ea5y s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00e3o?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea5n hi\u1ebfp ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. K\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u1eddi b\u1ea1o \u00e1c, l\u00e0 hay l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u01b0u bi, s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5, \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean \u1ed5n, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. L\u1ea1i hay ph\u00e1t sanh vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p, hay kh\u1edfi \u00e1c, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c hay ganh gh\u00e9t. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m ganh gh\u00e9t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i. Th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u00e0 hay \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u01b0u bi, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, hay l\u1ea5y s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khan?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m keo ki\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, hay ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng hay b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khan. T\u00e2m hay ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Do t\u1eadt keo ki\u1ec7t n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt, hay t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i, h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt. L\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham, hay nha m\u1ec7nh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 si\u1ec3m?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c ng\u00f4n, ton h\u00f3t, l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m kh\u00fac m\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. V\u00ec danh l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham v\u00e0 si. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh v\u1eady. L\u1ea1i do c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng t\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. K\u1ebb th\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. K\u1ebb b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 hay nhi\u1ec5m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, hay l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng vui th\u00edch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay n\u0103ng t\u1eadn l\u00e0 hay bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u0103n l\u00e0nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n. K\u1ebb hay l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0m?<\/p>\n

– Hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 qu\u00fd?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb9n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m?<\/p>\n

– T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y mong v\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a si m\u00ea. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1eed?<\/p>\n

– T\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Hay mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vui. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham. L\u1ea5y ch\u01b0\u1edbng da ma tha l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u00edn?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y tin \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb. V\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn theo ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, hay gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Hay l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tham, s\u00e2n, si, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t \u0111i. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u do minh k\u00fd l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 hay \u0111\u1ea7y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. K\u1ebb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t minh k\u00fd hay d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hay gi\u1eef g\u00ecn trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si, ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u00e2m, l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u t\u00e1n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh, hay l\u1ea5y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ly d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh tri?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng hu\u1ec7. H\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, \u00fd h\u00e0nh hay kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 ra. Kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0m hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt nghi.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2n h\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e1c. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u n\u1ea7y t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Do v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u, n\u00ean sau kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 theo nh\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u1eady; n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i s\u00e1u X\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 2 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. \u1ede trong 2 n\u1ea7y, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 2 n\u1eefa. \u1ede trong thi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, sau kh\u1edfi h\u1ed1i t\u00e2m. Nh\u01a1n kia kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n, sau kh\u1edfi h\u1ed1i t\u00e2m. Nh\u01a1n kia l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00f9y mi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cho t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. L\u1ea5y v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cho t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a si. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00f9y mi\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, c\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i n\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd, hay b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 sai kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. K\u1ebb \u00fd ng\u00f4n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc xe h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5, vui; l\u1ea5y s\u1edf y l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 hu\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay d\u00f2 x\u00e9t quan s\u00e1t. T\u00e2m n\u1ea7y l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. T\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ecf nhen l\u00e0 hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v.v… \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u00e2m chia l\u1eadp ra. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? – V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean, m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, sanh, l\u00e3o, tr\u1ee5, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n, d\u1ecb sanh t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc?<\/p>\n

– Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, sau xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u00ean tr\u00ean, xa l\u00eca t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi, sau d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh. L\u1ea5y t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 l\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 \u00fd. \u1ede trong ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh, l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n – \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, l\u00fac \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n sanh \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ed1ng nhau l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, l\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e3o?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u1ea5y t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. L\u1ea5y sinh di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. L\u1ea5y t\u0103ng ng\u1eef l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf nh\u00e3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fa th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sai bi\u1ec7t. L\u1ea5y t\u0103ng ng\u1eef l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

– T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef, l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 2 t\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u, l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e2u m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a v\u1eady. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ef1. T\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf 2 t\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecb sanh t\u00e1nh?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay l\u1ea5y s\u1edf duy\u00ean li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, hay t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00fd, hay nhi\u1ebfp thu l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c v\u1eady. T\u00e2m n\u1ea7y hay hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i. T\u00e2m n\u1ea7y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c. Do th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 theo kh\u1edfi l\u00ean di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea1i sanh ra theo s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i sanh kh\u1edfi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hay nhi\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a; c\u0169ng hay ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n; hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 A \u0110\u00e0 Na Th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o th\u00e2n. T\u1ed1i th\u1eafng \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e3 si, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ng\u00e3 \u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. S\u00e1u th\u1ee9c kia chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u00fd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. A L\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c, t\u00ean th\u1ee9 8 n\u1ea7y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Hay t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo, s\u1edf h\u1eefu s\u1eafc l\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf v\u1ecb lai, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c trong, ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1nh, ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c xa … t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 12 x\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, s\u1eafc x\u1ee9, nh\u0129 x\u1ee9, th\u1ecbnh x\u1ee9, t\u1ec9 x\u1ee9, h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9, thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, v\u1ecb x\u1ee9, th\u00e2n x\u1ee9, x\u00fac x\u1ee9, \u00fd x\u1ee9, ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9. T\u1eeb m\u1eaft cho \u0111\u1ebfn 5 th\u1ee9 kia v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, x\u00fac x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n x\u00fac. \u00dd x\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi?<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi, tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0. H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 dung th\u1ecd c\u00e1c s\u1eafc. Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi ly h\u1ec7?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 xa r\u1eddi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng sanh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 hay di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ly h\u1ec7?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng sanh.<\/p>\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0?<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: X\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: N\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u1ee9. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 18 gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, nh\u0129 gi\u1edbi, thinh gi\u1edbi, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, t\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi, h\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi, t\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecb gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, th\u00e2n gi\u1edbi, x\u00fac gi\u1edbi, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 \u00fd gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb nh\u00e3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 s\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 trong x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103n, l\u1ea5y duy\u00ean s\u1eafc l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh, l\u1ea5y li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh. \u00dd gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t \u0111i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 6 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp r\u1ed9ng ra 18 gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c 10 x\u1ee9 10 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1eady. Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n t\u1ee9c \u00fd x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 7 t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb 3 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: Gi\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: Hay gi\u1eef v\u00f4 t\u00e1c t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfi: V\u00ec sao m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a u\u1ea9n gi\u1edbi, x\u1ee9 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb 3 lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t t\u00e1nh ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa 18 gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau s\u1eafc? – L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc sao? – nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 d\u01b0 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u01b0 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 10 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ee9c s\u1edf d\u01b0 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau h\u1eefu l\u1eadu? – L\u00e0 15 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 3 ph\u1ea7n sau \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. Bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4 l\u1eadu sau 3 ph\u1ea7n \u00edt.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7? – L\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bao nhi\u00eau s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7? L\u00e0 14, tr\u1eeb h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ec9, thi\u1ec7t, th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 sau c\u00f3 3.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea5t hu\u1ec7 (r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Bao nhi\u00eau u\u1ea9n s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp, t\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ee5 u\u1ea9n s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp, t\u1ee9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Bao nhi\u00eau thi\u1ec7n, bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4 k\u00fd t\u1ee9c 10 th\u00f4ng 3 t\u00e1nh, 7 t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc, thinh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. 8 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i? – L\u00e0 12, tr\u1eeb s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i? – L\u00e0 tr\u1eeb 6.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau h\u1eefu duy\u00ean? – L\u00e0 7 t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau v\u00f4 duy\u00ean? – L\u00e0 tr\u1eeb 10 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau h\u1eefu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t? – L\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, \u00fd gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau h\u1eefu ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd? – L\u00e0 5 n\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a 4 gi\u1edbi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau phi ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecd? – Tr\u1eeb 9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a 4.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n? – L\u00e0 5 n\u1ed9i c\u00f3 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n? – L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An Hu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecba B\u00e0 Ha La d\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (1) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean H\u00f9ng. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[85,49,51],"yoast_head":"\nLu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An Hu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecba B\u00e0 Ha La d\u1ecbch. 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B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch (2) c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-09T06:18:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-05T01:32:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/kinh-luat-luan-35.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1328\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"747\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"138 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\",\"name\":\"Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-05-09T06:18:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-10-05T01:32:29+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/d3b3df29f4bd65d225de4a009301422e\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/\",\"name\":\"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\",\"description\":\"Just another WordPress site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/d3b3df29f4bd65d225de4a009301422e\",\"name\":\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3bec025aa636c3ca5f639852dfa4ac6a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3bec025aa636c3ca5f639852dfa4ac6a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/author\/ppud\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html","next":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/luan-giang-rong-y-nghia-nam-uan-theo-giao-phap-dai-thua-164223.html\/2","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng R\u1ed9ng \u00dd Ngh\u0129a N\u0103m U\u1ea9n Theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o","og_description":"An Hu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ecba B\u00e0 Ha La d\u1ecbch. 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