***<\/em><\/p>\nK\u00ednh l\u1ec5 Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e2n \u00d0\u1ea1i-Gi\u00e1c-T\u00f4n,[4]<\/p>\n
Ph\u00fac-\u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed-tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u0103n-ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n-di\u1ec7u,<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc, ch\u00ednh tri Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec1n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u1ec9nh l\u1ec5 V\u00f4 Th\u1eafng \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1eeb-th\u1ecb,<\/p>\n
Mong c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh chung l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e2u th\u00e1i y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c kinh,<\/p>\n
L\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i Du-Gi\u00e0 th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Quy m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ecbnh-l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u di\u1ec7u,<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng-\u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi do V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Trong bi\u1ec3n V\u00f4 Th\u1eafng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh,<\/p>\n
D\u1eabn ph\u00e1p cam-l\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
T\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ecb m\u1ef9 \u00e2m,<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c c\u00f5i th\u1ebf-gian c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
M\u01b0a tu\u00f4n hoa ch\u1eef v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u,<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea5m m\u00e1t c\u00e2y M\u01b0u-Ni nh\u01b0 \u00fd.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u00f9 th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 hoa sen,<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 kho di\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba,<\/p>\n
Th\u00edch r\u00f5 v\u0103n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n
\u1ede trong \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn Du-Gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y,<\/p>\n
T\u00f9y s\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i nay th\u00edch \u00edt ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
Khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft,<\/p>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch an vui kh\u1eafp h\u00e0m-th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
Nay n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee5 l\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian. hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, an-l\u1ea1c, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0-Lai nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cam l\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t, nay nh\u1edb ngh\u0129, g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1edf t\u1ecf. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb \u1ea9n-m\u1ed9t, d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1o-ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. Hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang-sinh trong h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi: Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u00ednh (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh), m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u y v\u00e0o b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 ba th\u1eeba[5], ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sinh-t\u1eed. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng-t\u00ednh, y v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n, thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, tu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf-gian, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n-thi\u00ean, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c th\u00fa.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u201ch\u1eefu-gi\u00e1o\u201d, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ecf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng m\u1eadt \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh. Hai l\u00e0, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cH\u1eefu\u201d, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a kinh. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u201cH\u1eefu\u201d, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 \u201ckh\u00f4ng-gi\u00e1o\u201d, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ecf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ch\u1eefu\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1eadt \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la[6] c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp v\u0103n, ngh\u0129a, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba, sinh ra tr\u00ed thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n, d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng, tu h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u01b0ng b\u1ecf. Hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba[7] v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la, c\u0169ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, khi\u1ebfn cho v\u0103n, ngh\u0129a, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed7i th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sinh ra tr\u00ed thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n, d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o-ch\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1eb9p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ng\u0103n che, gi\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, tu ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 n\u01a1i Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u00e1c th\u00fa trong ba c\u00f5i.[8]<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed[9] t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean sinh ra v\u00f4 tri, do d\u1ef1, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Nay mu\u1ed1n cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd sinh t\u00e2m t\u00edn gi\u1ea3i. Hai l\u00e0, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00e1c kinh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u00fa s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a kinh, t\u00e2m h\u1ecd m\u00ea lo\u1ea1n, sinh ra ch\u00ea bai, kh\u00f4ng tin. Nay mu\u1ed1n \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho h\u1ecd, n\u00ean kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o khai th\u1ecb, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd sinh t\u00e2m t\u00edn gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 tu h\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, c\u1ea7n g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a quan y\u1ebfu, r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c kinh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p, khai th\u1ecb ra v\u00f4 bi\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00fd sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0: v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf t\u1ecf th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng[10] c\u1eeda c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn. hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p, n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p, quy\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0y r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3, l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh Bi\u1ebfn K\u1ebf S\u1edf ch\u1ea5p[11]; l\u00fd c\u00f3, t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh Y Tha Kh\u1edfi[12] v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Vi\u00ean Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ef1c[13], khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng, \u00edch, t\u1ed5n, gi\u1ea3m. Hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, khi\u1ebfn cho ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf[14] kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n khai xi\u1ec3n hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00fd m\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00f9y chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb t\u1ea1ng, tam t\u1ea1ng[15] kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i nhau. Hai l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n khai xi\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i l\u00fd m\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, duy th\u1ee9c[16], v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai duy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sai bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Hai l\u00e0, th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh sai bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tam th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ecdi duy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft trong kinh, lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Nay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1edf nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb th\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng trong h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, kh\u1edfi ra c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n-n\u00e3o, sinh ra nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong n\u0103m th\u00fa[17], ch\u1ecbu ba \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5[18]. \u00d0\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0-Lai ra \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e1c di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean phi h\u1eefu; nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb h\u1eefu, n\u00ean phi kh\u00f4ng. Hi\u1ec3u su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 phi kh\u00f4ng, phi h\u1eefu. Xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh, ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh. Tu h\u00e0nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p, di\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1[19] v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an vui t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ma s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u01a1i b\u1eddi, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i tranh ch\u1ea5p nhau n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn. B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t Long-M\u00e3nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ef1c H\u1ef7 \u00d0\u1ecba[20], g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t \u201cv\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, l\u00e0m ra b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Trung Qu\u00e1n, k\u00ea c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0[21] t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ed9 B\u00e1ch Lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 \u201ckh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc[22] l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p Quang \u00d0\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb S\u01a1 \u00d0\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u00d0\u1ea1i T\u1eeb T\u00f4n Di-L\u1eb7c, th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ra b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea3nh, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3o, si\u00eang tu \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ec kh\u1eafp h\u1eefu t\u00ednh, n\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, tu theo ph\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 n\u01a1i Th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u1edf nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Nay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Th\u1eeba, C\u1ea3nh, H\u00e0nh, Qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. V\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3nh Du-Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i nhau, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh hay t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn, t\u00ednh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00fd gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
T\u00ean Du-Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh Du-Gi\u00e0, tuy th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, song trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn, t\u00f9y c\u01a1 nghi, theo ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh\u201d[23] l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i nhau. Hai thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. V\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf tr\u00e1i, h\u1ee3p thu\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Kh\u1ebf Kinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb S\u01b0 trong ph\u00e1i Du-Gi\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho di\u1ec7t. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d trong h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00f4 t\u00ednh trong Du-Gi\u00e0, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho di\u1ec7t. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d trong h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u00ednh trong Du-Gi\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trong ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 trong kinh Nh\u1eadp L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a, tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, xa l\u00eca v\u1ebft nh\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c, khi \u1ea5y \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Du-Gi\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lo ngh\u0129, nghi ho\u1eb7c. Trong kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tuy ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i nhau. Trong kinh Qu\u1ea3ng Ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i, u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ebf[24] \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u01a1 nghi, c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u00f3m th\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n t\u00ednh[25] thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p.[26]<\/p>\n
H\u00c0NH c\u1ee7a Du-Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn nhau, h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh l\u00fd, thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o, \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh qu\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. \u201cH\u00e0nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Du-Gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y tuy th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d kh\u00e1c, song trong c\u00e1c kinh, lu\u1eadn, t\u00f9y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba b\u00e0n, ch\u00ednh tu c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Trong kinh Nguy\u1ec7t-\u00d0\u0103ng n\u00f3i, tu ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1p[27] l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec trong n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn nhau, cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. Trong kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t L\u1ee5c X\u1ee9 b\u00e0n, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Sa-ma-tha, T\u1ef3-b\u00e1t-x\u00e1-na[28]b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng. Trong kinh H\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 n\u00f3i, tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba[29] l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t ra h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i, b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p: t\u00edn, d\u1ee5c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n, tinh-ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0; t\u00e1c \u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ed n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y th\u00f4ng nhau sinh ra h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u00e0nh. V\u0103n S\u1edf Th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ecba chia th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ea1o[30] g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec h\u1ed9i l\u00fd tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u00f9 th\u1eafng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf nhu nhuy\u1ec5n. Tu S\u1edf Th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ecba, t\u00f3m th\u00e2u c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ed n\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tu. C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u00f4 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec trong h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3o, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec t\u00e1c \u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Trong kinh C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ef1c T\u00ednh n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ra qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ra qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t sinh t\u1eed l\u00e0 quan y\u1ebfu. Trong kinh Ch\u00ednh H\u1ea1nh n\u00f3i, t\u00e1m chi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v.v… l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Kinh T\u1ef3-N\u1ea1i-Gia n\u00f3i, tu gi\u1edbi v.v… l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. Trong kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i, tu h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u1ea1nh ph\u1eadn v\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec giai v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p nhau. V\u00e0, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thanh-V\u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a Tam th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Trong kinh Tu\u1ec7 \u00d0\u00e1o B\u1ec9 Ng\u1ea1n n\u00f3i, qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh kia c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i Du-Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng, t\u00e1c \u00fd\u201d. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t do kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e1c \u00fd \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa xu\u1ed1ng Thanh V\u0103n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba, cho \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 thanh t\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Trong kinh kia l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u00d0a, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eafng Du-Gi\u00e0\u201d, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0 kinh kia n\u00f3i, ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t trong c\u00e1c Du-Gi\u00e0, Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9 Du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. Trong kinh c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d[31] T\u1ea1i sao? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Du-Gi\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i, ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ra h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00f9 th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bi, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft \u201cb\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh\u201d[32], g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u201ch\u00e0nh\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. (Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a).<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 QU\u1ea2 c\u1ee7a Du-Gi\u00e0: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p nhau, h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh l\u00fd, thu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o, x\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Du-Gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y tuy th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn, t\u00f9y c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00f3i ra nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1. Kinh Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 \u00fay, b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hay h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ma, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi d\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1eafng c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c. Trong kinh Th\u00f9 Th\u1eafng n\u00f3i, ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5. Trong kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i Ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ecba v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed, \u0111em t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Trong kinh Bi\u1ec7n Thuy\u1ebft Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00f3i, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft. Trong kinh Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Tam Th\u1eeba C\u00f4ng \u00d0\u1ee9c n\u00f3i, Tam Th\u1eeba qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00fd. Trong lu\u1eadn t\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, ba th\u00e2n, ba \u0111\u1ee9c[33] \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca nhau. Lu\u1eadn T\u1eadp Ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb s\u1edf nhi\u1ebfp, h\u1eefu vi, v\u00f4 vi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed[34] \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p nhau.<\/p>\n
Trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u1edf tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. V\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00fd, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ee7, tam th\u1eeba qu\u00e1n h\u00e0nh\u201d (n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Tam th\u1eeba) l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn tu, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, thu\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00f3 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp. L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n bao la nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ! Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba s\u1ee3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ee5 tr\u00ec, n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i qua \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u00f9y c\u01a1 tu ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 (c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Du-Gi\u00e0) trong Tam th\u1eeba, t\u00f9y theo t\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u0103n (nghe), t\u01b0 (suy ngh\u0129), v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tu t\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Du-Gi\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, tri\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Du-Gi\u00e0, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, \u0111em ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Du-Gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tu theo ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u1ecaA ch\u1ec9 cho c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9, ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 s\u1edf. L\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00d0\u1ecba\u201d. Nh\u01b0 khu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con long m\u00e3, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u1edf trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p (ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh), n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d, nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, n\u01a1i Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d, nh\u01b0 tr\u00e2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecba. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u1edf trong ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0u v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0, v\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong Du-Gi\u00e0, d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ed, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba[35] nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0, nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 LU\u1eacN. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00ean n\u00f3i ra lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea5y, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 hoa tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Nay b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 TH\u1ec2 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, v\u1eeba s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, chia th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba. Hai l\u00e0, nhi\u1ebfp quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea7n: th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n s\u00e2u xa trong m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba. Ba l\u00e0, nhi\u1ebfp th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n: th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nghi t\u1eafc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kinh. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, nhi\u1ebfp d\u1ecb m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n: th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng danh ngh\u0129a sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1edf trong kinh. N\u0103m l\u00e0, nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n: th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129a quan y\u1ebfu trong Tam t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba?<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba. V\u00ec Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m duy\u00ean y ch\u1ec9. \u00d0\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y hay m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u0103n ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn. B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u0129a quan y\u1ebfu trong m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu. Tuy n\u00f3 su\u1ed1t t\u1ecf c\u1ea3 Th\u1eeba, C\u1ea3nh, H\u00e0nh, Qu\u1ea3. Song, s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p, quy\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i trong lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, \u00fd l\u00e0, v\u00ec h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00f3i ra, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3o, tu th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Cho n\u00ean lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng-tr\u00ed!<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadn vi\u1ebft: T\u1ea1i sao Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba?[36]<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1i sao Du-Gi\u00e0 Su \u00d0\u1ecba l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i 17 \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nghe c\u00e1c kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba m\u00e0 trong kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba. Trong kinh Nguy\u1ec7t \u00d0\u0103ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i, tu t\u1eadp Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00f3i. Tr\u00ean kia \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n r\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i! Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f3m th\u00e2u nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u, suy lu\u1eadn ra lu\u1eadn th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n, ghi h\u1ebft t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m. Nay mu\u1ed1n v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u1ea1i sao Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i 17 \u0111\u1ecba? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft\u201d, l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103m duy\u00ean c\u1edb: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi. Hai l\u00e0, nghi ng\u1edd m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi. Ba l\u00e0, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, khinh x\u00fac m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi. N\u0103m l\u00e0, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean c\u1edb th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ra lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00e2u t\u00f3m t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1eadn v\u1ecb sai bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadn vi\u1ebft: Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba?<\/p>\n
\u00d4N \u00d0\u00c0 NAM[37] : T\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u0103m th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng, \u00fd,<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9,… ba \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u phi,<\/p>\n
H\u1eefu t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
V\u0103n, t\u01b0, tu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp,<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 ba Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
H\u1eefu y v\u00e0 v\u00f4 y,<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba\u201d.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean g\u00ec l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ecba? Tuy nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ean t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i. \u201c\u00d4N \u00d0\u00c0 NAM\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng, gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00d4n \u0111\u00e0 nam\u201d. C\u00e2u \u201cn\u0103m th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Ch\u1eef Y\u00d9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. C\u00e2u \u201cc\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9… ba \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfm ba \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e2u \u201cTam ma \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tam ma \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u1eef \u201cPhi\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ecba danh, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2yl\u00e0 hai t\u00ean m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1eb9p v\u1eady. Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i h\u1eefu t\u00e2m. Tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh. (V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y sau s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam). C\u00e2u \u201cnh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u1eeba\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do v\u0103n, t\u01b0, tu \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eeba. C\u00f2n \u201ch\u1eefu d\u01b0 y v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y\u201d m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ri\u00eang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng \u1edf sau.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadn vi\u1ebft: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba. Hai l\u00e0, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecba. Ba l\u00e0, h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. N\u0103m l\u00e0, v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. S\u00e1u l\u00e0, tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1ea3y l\u00e0, phi tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba. T\u00e1m l\u00e0, h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u00edn l\u00e0, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0, v\u0103n s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00e0, t\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai l\u00e0, tu s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi ba l\u00e0, Thanh V\u0103n \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n l\u00e0, \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m l\u00e0, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u l\u00e0, h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y l\u00e0, v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: nay tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u \u201cng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u0103m c\u0103n: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n; n\u0103m th\u1ee9c: nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef5 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng nhau n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft…, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c y ch\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e2n y\u201d (y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00e2n c\u1eadn). M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9n, Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edd. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u201d. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng c\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd c\u0103n… B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, n\u0103m th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng n\u0103m c\u0103n n\u00eau t\u1ecf c\u00e1i t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea7m l\u00faa, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng v.v… c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c. Do ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u0103n. C\u0103n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng, ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xa l\u00eca ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00e2n. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d.TH\u00c2N, y v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a TH\u1ec2 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n (th\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a 6 th\u1ee9c), l\u1ee5c t\u01b0 th\u00e2n (th\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a 6 s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0). Y v\u00e0o ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ra \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0 trong lu\u1eadt n\u00f3i, vua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a vua, gi\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c. Y v\u00e0o vua, y v\u00e0o gi\u1eb7c m\u00e0 h\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi ra l\u1eddi b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn. \u00d0\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Tuy trong \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, n\u00ean n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ph\u1ea9m, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d. \u1ede trong \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y, tuy c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng, \u0111em s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c. V\u00ec trong \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y, s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d. T\u00f9y k\u1ef3 s\u1edf \u1ee9ng (t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t. \u00d0\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n
Nay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00dd \u0111\u1ecba: l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c, th\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c, b\u00e1t th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed3ng y v\u00e0o \u00dd C\u0102N. L\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u201cth\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ch\u1eef \u201c\u00dd\u201d. Trong th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a m\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng, trong t\u00f9y c\u01a1 m\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u0103n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. T\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d, th\u00ec \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d b\u1ecb g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d n\u1eefa. \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, tuy \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, \u00fd x\u1ee9, nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Song, ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201c\u00dd\u201d, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u00dd\u201d, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean n\u00f3 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u201c\u00fd c\u0103n\u201d. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean ngh\u0129a \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c li\u1ec5u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp, n\u00ean ngh\u0129a \u2018th\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1ea1nh. Cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u00d0\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201c\u00d0\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Duy\u00ean g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ecba?<\/p>\n
Thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i s\u01a1, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c tuy kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. Thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai, n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1edf duy\u00ean v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u00edt vi\u1ec7c, n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ecba. Thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i s\u01a1, n\u01a1i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m phi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i chung cho n\u0103m th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, n\u00ean bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ecba. Thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai, n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng y v\u00e0o s\u1eafc c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng duy\u00ean v\u00e0o s\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh, n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c y v\u00e0o v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, s\u1edf duy\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c y v\u00e0o duy\u00ean th\u00f4 hay duy\u00ean t\u1ebf, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ra s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i sau.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u0103m Th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u201chi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh\u201d, n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. Thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i s\u01a1, c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u201chi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cphi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d[38], n\u00ean ch\u00fang bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. Thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a hai \u00d0\u1ecba nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, y v\u00e0 duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, trong n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi Th\u1ee9c. Y v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc y v\u00e0o t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ra hai \u00d0\u1ecba. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, y, duy\u00ean, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u: \u201cC\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9… ba \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u, \u201ct\u1ee9\u201d l\u00e0 d\u00f2 x\u00e9t. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201ctu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh sinh ra \u00fd ni\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u. V\u1ecb \u201cth\u00f4\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh sinh ra \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u, d\u00f2 x\u00e9t. V\u1ecb \u201ct\u1ebf\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ee9. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na, hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh: th\u00f4, t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Nay y v\u00e0o hai ph\u00e1p (t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9) n\u00e0y, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ra ba \u00d0\u1ecba c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Ba \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean hai ph\u00e1p, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nhau m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp. T\u1ea1i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, th\u00f4 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1, th\u00f4 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ee9, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, qua c\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ecba tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi t\u1ee9, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00fac t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 \u1ea5y, t\u1ebf t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi t\u1ee9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Cho n\u00ean, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n sau b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. V\u00f4 t\u00e2m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed9n tuy\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Ba \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean hai ph\u00e1p ly d\u1ee5c ph\u1eadn v\u1ecb m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 khi t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a xa l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi d\u1ee5c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi d\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca d\u1ee5c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. N\u00eau t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca d\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9\u201d. Cho n\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n sau b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, trong n\u00e0y do l\u00eca d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng do s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn hay s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a, ba \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u1ea1i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 khi t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, \u1edf trong t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, \u1edf trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ee9, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, \u1edf trong t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 tam \u0111\u1ecba. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n sau b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea1i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 khi t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c trong s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ecbnh hay l\u00e0 sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1, l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ecbnh hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u1edf l\u00ean s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. V\u00f4 l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu vi, s\u01a1 t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Y v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng do ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u201cly d\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ba \u0111\u1ecba, th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p lo\u1ea1n. Tuy n\u00f3i h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m\u201d. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n, b\u00e0n qua v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d. Trong m\u00f4n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 khi t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u1edf l\u00ean, trong v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. C\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Sau c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebd n\u00f3i sau n\u00e0y. Tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 trong n\u00e0y do r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba khi t\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9\u201d. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9 th\u00ec sao? C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9…, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ra \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p lo\u1ea1n. Cho n\u00ean, ba \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u00ean D\u1ee5c-gi\u1edbi-\u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba (Sam\u00e0hita): \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba, xa r\u1eddi h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed v.v… N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u0103ng d\u1eabn\u201d ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh. Ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1eabn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d, do ch\u1ed7 \u201cs\u1edf d\u1eabn\u201d ph\u00e1t ra, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba\u201d. N\u00f3 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2018h\u1eefu t\u00e2m\u201d. N\u00f3 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m\u201d.<\/p>\n
Trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cTam ma \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e2u\u201d. Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba (Sam\u00e0dhi) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p trong Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m S\u1edf. Hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m\u201d, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sao? N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: 1) T\u0129nh l\u1ef1. 2) Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 3) \u00d0\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec[39]. 4) \u00d0\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed[40]. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u0129nh l\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u0129nh l\u1ef1[41]. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 t\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t[42]. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e0 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn[43] \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, t\u00e1m th\u1eafng x\u1ee9[44] \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, m\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn x\u1ee9[45] \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, hai lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn qu\u1ea3\u201d. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i danh, ch\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn\u201d. Danh n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u1ecb. Ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 xa l\u00eca h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n do ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t ra, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh do ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t ra. C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn\u201d. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sao? Trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u00f3i c\u00e2u \u201cTam ma \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e2u\u201d. \u00d0\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u0103n trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i \u201cb\u1ec9 c\u00e2u\u201d (\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kia), nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn: \u201cphi c\u00e2u\u201d (ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o), v\u00ec sau c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u00e2m. \u00d0\u00fang theo ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 c\u1ee5c (c\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n). N\u00f3 nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00f4ng\u201d. V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, Di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1n t\u00e2m trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee5c\u201d.<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018t\u0129nh l\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh t\u00ednh) trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. B\u1edfi \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 h\u1ed1i, hoan h\u1ef7, an l\u1ea1c. D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u00fac t\u00e1n t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Do s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea5y n\u00f3 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ee9 c\u00fa ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t[46]. Ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1eb3ng Tr\u00ec, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00f2n trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, trong ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb t\u00e1n t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tam ma \u0111\u1ecba, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf… Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1eb3ng Tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb trong \u0111\u1ecbnh, tam ma \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 th\u1ec3. Ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1eb3ng Tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba. Trong c\u00e1c t\u0129nh l\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb h\u1eefu t\u00e2m trong S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, tr\u1eeb tam ma \u0111\u1ecba, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 phi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb \u1edf tr\u00ean. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, tam ma \u0111\u1ecba, tam ma b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3, tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a, danh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p. Trong s\u1ed1 danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng Tr\u00ec. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p. Trong ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh. T\u00ednh n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e1n v\u1ecb. Song, trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u01b0u th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam ma \u0111\u1ecba. Tam ma b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3, th\u00f4ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u01b0u th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn…, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng Ch\u00ed. \u00d0\u1eb3ng D\u1eabn \u00d0\u1ecba th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Cho n\u00ean trong \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Do c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ri\u00eang t\u00ean \u00d0\u1ecba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cphi tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hai \u00d0\u1ecba, t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1edf h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 phi \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 H\u1eefu T\u00e2m, V\u00f4 T\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ecba: \u00d0\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t nhau: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft m\u00f4n: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecba, h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m duy t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Trong v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. \u1ede trong m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed9n tuy\u1ec7t c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m\u201d, v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 7, s\u1ed1 8. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh v.v… thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Hai l\u00e0, t\u00e2m lo\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n m\u00f4n: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o[47], l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d, v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh. Ba l\u00e0, t\u00e2m sinh b\u1ea5t sinh m\u00f4n: N\u1ebfu duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean, t\u00e2m kia kh\u00f4ng sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. \u1ede trong m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, t\u00f9y theo t\u00e2m n\u00e0y sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. T\u00e2m kia kh\u00f4ng sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, ph\u1eadn v\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp m\u00f4n: Tr\u1eeb s\u00e1u v\u1ecb, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb nh\u01b0: v\u00f4 t\u00e2m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m mu\u1ed9n tuy\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng sinh, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. N\u0103m l\u00e0, t\u1ef1u ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a m\u00f4n: Trong v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh v\u00f4 t\u00e2m. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hai \u00d0\u1ecba, do c\u00e1c m\u00f4n sai bi\u1ec7t nhau, n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn, tho\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 V\u0103n S\u1edf Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u \u00d0\u1ecba: T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 nghe, sinh ra s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u0129a. Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u01b0 S\u1edf Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u \u00d0\u1ecba: T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 suy ngh\u0129 sinh ra s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng. Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Tu S\u1edf Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u \u00d0\u1ecba: T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 tu sinh ra s\u1ef1 li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng. Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
V\u0102N l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u0129 c\u0103n, ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. T\u01af l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sinh ra tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. N\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. TU l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t sinh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Tu l\u00e0 s\u1eeda, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. T\u1eeb ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y sinh ra ba tu\u1ec7[48] v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ba \u00d0\u1ecba. Ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ba tu\u1ec7, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ba \u00d0\u1ecba, d\u00f9ng ba ph\u1ea9m Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n sau b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, \u201cTu s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0, V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba\u201d.<\/p>\n
Thanh V\u0103n \u00d0\u1ecba: Trong th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u201cThanh\u201d l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y, b\u1ea1n nghe gi\u00e1o thanh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tu ch\u1ee9ng, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh Thanh V\u0103n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n \u00d0\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ecba: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a v\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p. Tu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1nh gia h\u00e0nh[49], kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y, b\u1ea1n d\u1ea1y, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh trung dung, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng trung, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ecb qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ecba: Mong c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u1ee9ng, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gian. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n l\u1edbn lao, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ecba. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ednh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ecba. \u00d0\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ba Th\u1eeba, s\u1ebd b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng sau.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 H\u1eefu D\u01b0 Y \u00d0\u1ecba: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecba. Y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, thi thi\u1ebft y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, do y v\u00e0o 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c) b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra danh, ch\u1ee7ng, t\u00ednh h\u01b0-gi\u1ea3. Hai l\u00e0, nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ee5 y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o 7 nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1: cha m\u1eb9, th\u00ea t\u1eed, n\u00f4 t\u1ef3, sai s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9c, b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c. Ba l\u00e0, tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o 4 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng (\u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c, x\u00fac th\u1ef1c, t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c). B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec5n y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o 4 th\u1ee9c, 12 duy\u00ean sinh kh\u1edfi. N\u0103m l\u00e0, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean ma. S\u00e1u l\u00e0, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c. B\u1ea3y l\u00e0, th\u00edch duy\u1ec7t y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ni\u1ec1m vui trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00e1m l\u00e0, h\u1eadu bi\u00ean y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, tuy c\u00f3 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng nay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u201ct\u1ed1i h\u1eadu bi\u00ean y\u201d, tr\u1eeb 6 nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 \u1edf tr\u00ean (l\u1ea5y 1 ph\u1ea7n), l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Trong \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, kh\u1ed5 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng sinh n\u1eefa. Hai l\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng sinh n\u1eefa. Ba l\u00e0, nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, x\u1ea3 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh tri, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, an tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ean h\u1ea1nh x\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 6 c\u0103n, 6 tr\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eebng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng lo. V\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i v\u00f4-h\u1ecdc-\u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ee7 4 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, c\u00f2n ch\u00fat d\u01b0 y, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
\u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba. Trong th\u00e2n v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, t\u00f3m th\u00e2u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 Lai. Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu d\u01b0 y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu y, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba\u201d.<\/p>\n
V\u00f4 D\u01b0 Y \u00d0\u1ecba: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3, h\u1eefu vi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 Lai tuy c\u00f3 h\u1eefu vi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu d\u01b0 y, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba\u201d. \u1ede trong \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 thanh t\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ra c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa, l\u00eca m\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 u\u1ea9n, gi\u1edbi, x\u1ee9, nh\u00e2n, thi\u00ean v.v…, nh\u01b0, \u201ct\u1ee9c\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u201cly\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00f3\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, danh t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edf h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong \u00d0\u1ecba n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh d\u00f9ng \u201cc\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 vi\u201d l\u00e0m t\u00ednh, c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y h\u1eefu vi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0m t\u00ednh. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u, ly t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00e0, l\u00fd th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o trong ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1eefu vi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 vi nhi\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y. Cho n\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n sau b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u00f4 d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba, tu s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba, Thanh v\u0103n, \u00d0\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n[1] Du Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn Th\u00edch: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn mang s\u1ed1 1580 trong \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh. Du Gi\u00e0 (Yoga), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng\u201d. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 5 ngh\u0129a: 1) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. 2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh: \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 song h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7. 3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd: an l\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phi an l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. 4) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3: ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. 5) T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c: ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i sinh c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt, theo c\u1ea3m c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh, t\u00f9y b\u1ec7nh cho thu\u1ed1c. Du Gi\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn: (Yog\u00e0c\u00e0ryabh\u00f9mi s\u00e0stra). B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 100 quy\u1ec3n do B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-L\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n-Trang d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef Trung-Hoa. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb trong Tam th\u1eeba th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Du-Gi\u00e0, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0. M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y c\u1ea3nh-gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cDu-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba\u201d.<\/p>\n
Du-Gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn Th\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn do B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng T\u1eed vi\u1ebft ra v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 danh ngh\u0129a 17 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi (\u0111\u1ecba) trong Du-Gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n
[2] T\u1ed1i-Th\u1eafng-T\u1eed (Th\u00ecn na ph\u1ea5t \u0111a la: Jinaputra): Ng\u00e0i sinh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9-Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 10 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c. T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c K\u00fd quy\u1ec3n 11 c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u00e1t Ph\u1ea1t \u0110a chu vi kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean n\u0103m ng\u00e0n d\u1eadm, b\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e0 l\u00e0m, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m v\u1ecb T\u0103ng an c\u01b0 trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u tu h\u1ecdc theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t T\u1ed1i-Th\u1eafng-T\u1eed l\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n Du-Gi\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn Th\u00edch t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y\u201d.<\/p>\n
[3] Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang: Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, t\u1ee5c danh l\u00e0 V\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t Uy\u1ec3n S\u01b0, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ru\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0i nghe kinh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i Tu\u1ec7 C\u1ea3nh, Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i Nghi\u00eam Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0. Ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u V\u0169 \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng anh v\u00e0o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An, t\u1edbi Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ecdc Nhi\u1ebfp Lu\u1eadn, T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m n\u01a1i hai ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o C\u01a1 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o Thi\u00ean, nghe gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p Tr\u00ed lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i Ch\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0. Sau 5 n\u0103m, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi Kinh ch\u00e2u, T\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2u, Tri\u1ec7u ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An tham h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1edbi nghe gi\u1ea3ng Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i hai \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Bi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed t\u00e2y du h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. Ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Trinh Qu\u00e1n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u00e0i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tr\u1ea3i bao nhi\u00eau gian lao, nguy hi\u1ec3m, ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Trinh Qu\u00e1n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 7, Ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed tham h\u1ecdc Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc t\u00f4n t\u00fac kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tham lu\u1eadn. Ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Trinh Qu\u00e1n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 19, Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi Kinh \u0111\u00f4 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, mang theo 657 b\u1ed9 kinh s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1m d\u00e2ng l\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Vua Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng cho l\u1eadp ban phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ho\u1eb1ng-Ph\u00fac, sau chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a T\u1eeb-\u00c2n. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 75 b\u1ed9, g\u1ed3m 1,335 quy\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0i 65 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
[4] B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 g\u1ed3m 24 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n, thi\u00ean, v\u1eb9n tr\u00f2n ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u0103n ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, vi di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u0103ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 Di-L\u1eb7c (Maitreya), Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1eeb Th\u1ecb, t\u00ean l\u00e0 A-D\u1eadt-\u0110a (Ajita), Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 V\u00f4 N\u0103ng Th\u1eafng. Ng\u00e0i (Di L\u1eb7c) mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, n\u00ean th\u00e2u t\u00f3m nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c kinh, n\u00f3i ra n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Du-Gi\u00e0. K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t V\u00f4-Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asanga), do \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c l\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, nghe B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-L\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Du-Gi\u00e0, \u0111em v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ebf gian. K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n trong bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t V\u00f4-N\u0103ng-Th\u1eafng, \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y m\u01b0a ph\u00e1p cam l\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed9t n\u00e0y cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n m\u01b0a ph\u00e1p Du-Gi\u00e0, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u00e2m m\u1ef9 di\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho th\u1ebf gian. M\u01b0a ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tu\u00f4n r\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef vi di\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng hoa t\u1ecfa h\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m th\u1ea5m m\u00e1t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tu h\u00e0nh, thai sinh t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y M\u01b0u Ni m\u00e0 ra. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong ba h\u1ed9i Long Hoa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Di-L\u1eb7c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u01b0u Ni. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khen ng\u1ee3i lu\u1eadn Du-Gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 hoa sen, nh\u01b0 kho b\u00e1u, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u0103n ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. V\u00e0, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00edt ph\u1ea7n trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Du-Gi\u00e0 n\u00e0y mong cho ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n m\u00e3i, \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch an vui cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n
[5] Ba Th\u1eeba: Ba c\u1ed7 xe chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
[6] B\u1ed5-\u0111\u1eb7c-gi\u00e0-la (Pudgala): X\u01b0a kia, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi) hay \u201cch\u00fang sinh\u201d, nay d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cx\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u00fa\u201d: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i: thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n, a-tu-la, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sinh.<\/p>\n
[7] Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba: Thanh-V\u0103n v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean-Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
[8] Ba c\u00f5i: c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c, c\u00f5i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f5i V\u00f4 S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n
[9] T\u1eadp kh\u00ed: m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p t\u1eeb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n
[10] Th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng: T\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, danh x\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh x\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0: nh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0, nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng, ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb, ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u00f4 vi, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh, ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf,…<\/p>\n
[11] Bi\u1ebfn K\u1ebf S\u1edf Ch\u1ea5p t\u00ednh: Ph\u00e0m phu suy l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, gi\u1ea3 cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5y kh\u00fac d\u00e2y th\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn, v.v…<\/p>\n
[12] Y Tha Kh\u1edfi t\u00ednh: N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 sinh ra v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed n\u01a1i A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 nh\u1edd th\u00eam c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y th\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y gai, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng phu kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u00e2y th\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
[13] Vi\u00ean Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh: Ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu-vi. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y th\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y gai.<\/p>\n
[14] Nhi \u0111\u1ebf: Hai s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n
[15] Nh\u1ecb t\u1ea1ng: 1) Thanh V\u0103n t\u1ea1ng: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o, l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c. 2) B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ea1ng: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o, l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh, qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
Tam t\u1ea1ng (Tripitaka): Ba kho t\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o: Kinh t\u1ea1ng (Tu \u0111a la: Sutrapitaka): L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng (T\u1ef3 n\u1ea1i gia: Vinayapitaka): c\u00e1c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean r\u0103n, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ba nghi\u1ec7p: Th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, \u00fd. Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng (A t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1t ma: Abhidharmapitaka): D\u00f9ng th\u1eafng tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Hay l\u00e0, d\u00f9ng th\u1eafng tr\u00ed b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Kinh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh hoc. Lu\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc. Lu\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
[16] Duy th\u1ee9c (Vijan\u00e3namatrav\u00e0da): V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 do Th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho 8 th\u1ee9c: nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef5 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1t-na th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-gia th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
[17] N\u0103m th\u00fa: 5 c\u00f5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi, theo nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o: \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sinh, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
[18] Ba \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5: G\u00e2y nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c trong ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sinh. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ba th\u1ee9 ng\u0103n che ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
[19] Tam b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (Sambodhi): Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
[20] B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Long M\u00e3nh (N\u00e0g\u00e0rjnna)), x\u01b0a d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd, Long Th\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ca T\u1ef3 Ma La T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o. theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Trang Nghi\u00eam Tam Mu\u1ed9i th\u00ec trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Long M\u00e3nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u V\u00e2n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 nay ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ecba t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Hoan H\u1ef7 \u0110\u1ecba hay l\u00e0 C\u01b0c H\u1ef7 \u0110\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
[21] Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 (\u00c0ryadeva): S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ed9 B\u00e1ch Lu\u1eadn. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0.<\/p>\n
[22] B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (A T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0: Asanga): Ng\u00e0i sinh t\u1ea1i Ki\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0 La, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia trong b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Di Sa T\u1eafc, sau tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 trong Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4ng. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Di L\u1eb7c thuy\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Du-Gi\u00e0, lu\u1eadn Trang Nghi\u00eam, lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, lu\u1eadn Trung Bi\u00ean Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t, r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
[23] B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh: Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p trong ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p\u201d. B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 24 th\u1ee9, xem trong Duy Th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd r\u00f5.<\/p>\n
[24] U\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi… : T\u1ee9c 5 u\u1ea9n, 12 x\u1ee9, 18 gi\u1edbi, 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, duy\u00ean sinh, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, 4 \u0111\u1ebf (kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n
[25] B\u1ed1n t\u00ednh: Trong kinh Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 4 t\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh: 1) T\u1ef1 t\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh: B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, hi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn, t\u00edn k\u00ednh v\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. 2) Nguy\u1ec7n t\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh: B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. 3) Thu\u1eadn t\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh: B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t thu\u1eadn theo 6 Ba la m\u1eadt m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh. 4) Chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh: Do c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e0m th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
[26] B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p: Trong Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i: Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, l\u00fd ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p. Trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba K\u00fd Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 4 ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh: 1) Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. 2) Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c. 3) Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1ec1 \u00e1i, l\u1ea1c. 4) Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf n\u01a1i an t\u1ecbnh A lan nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n
[27] 37 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1p: 4 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, 4 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n, 4 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac, 5 c\u0103n, 5 l\u1ef1c, 7 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 8 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
[28] T\u1ef3 b\u00e1t x\u00e1 na (Samatha): \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 2 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh: Samatha l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9, Vipassana l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
[29] Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba (Sam\u00e0dhi): \u0110\u1ecbnh, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
[30] Ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ea1o: Theo Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n, ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho 9 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n
1) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi trong D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. 2) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m Ch\u00fang thi\u00ean. 3) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1c Quang thi\u00ean. 4) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ebfn T\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean. 5) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean. 6) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean X\u1ee9 thi\u00ean. 7) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean X\u1ee9 thi\u00ean. 8) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 S\u1edf H\u1eefu X\u1ee9 thi\u00ean. 9) N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng Phi Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng X\u1ee9 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
[31] V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng (Asamasama): T\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o si\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
[32] B\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh: S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau, nh\u01b0ng chung cu\u1ed9c, c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n
[33] Ba th\u00e2n ba \u0111\u1ee9c: Ba th\u00e2n: ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, b\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. ba \u0111\u1ee9c: ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
[34] \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed: Bi\u1ec7t danh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh (b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng) an h\u00f2a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb3ng\u201d. Do \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n
[35] 17 \u0111\u1ecba: Lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 17 c\u1ea3nh (ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n) s\u1edf qu\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 17 \u0111\u1ecba: 1) Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba. 2) \u00dd \u0111\u1ecba. 3) H\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. 4) V\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. 5) V\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. 5) Tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba (Sam\u00e0hita: \u0111\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn: \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c). 7) Phi tam ma \u1ebf \u0111a \u0111\u1ecba. 8) H\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba. 9) V\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba. 10) V\u0103n s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. 11) T\u01b0 s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. 12) Tu s\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. 13) Thanh V\u0103n \u0111\u1ecba. 14) \u0110\u00f4c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba. 15) B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba. 16) H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba. 17) V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
[36] Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba: 1) Hoan h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba. 2) Ly c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ecba. 3) Ph\u00e1t quang \u0111\u1ecba. 4) Di\u00eam tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba. 5) Nan th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecba. 6) Hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba. 7) Vi\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba. 8) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba. 9) Thi\u1ec7n Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba. 10) Ph\u00e1p v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d, v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u00e2u t\u00f3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 hay sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d.<\/p>\n
[37] \u00d4n \u0111\u00e0 nam, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f2n phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u01afu \u0111\u00e0 na (Ud\u00e0na): Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft\u201d: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh thuy\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n
[38] 3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc: 1) Hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: l\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2) T\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: bi\u1ebft do s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1eeda. 3) Phi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: t\u00e2m ngh\u1ecbch lo\u1ea1n, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
[39] \u0110\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec (Sam\u00e0dhi): Bi\u1ec7t danh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
[40] \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u00ed (Sam\u00e0patti): Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng (qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh) an h\u00f2a, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n
[41] B\u1ed1n t\u0129nh l\u1ef1: t\u1ee9c 4 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
[42] T\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: 1) Trong th\u00e2n c\u00f3 tham t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, qu\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 2) Trong t\u00e2m tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn qu\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh cho th\u00eam ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 3) Tr\u1eeb b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 4) Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 5) Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 6) Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 7) Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 8) Di\u1ec7t th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
[43] 5 hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. Th\u00eam tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 nghi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
[44] T\u00e1m th\u1eafng x\u1ee9: Ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00f9 th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. 1) \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00ean trong kh\u1edfi tham t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eafc, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc \u00edt \u0111i. 2) \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, b\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eafc, qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i. 3) \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ea7n th\u1eafng di\u1ec7u, b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eafc, qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00edt \u0111i. 4) \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng di\u1ec7u, b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eafc, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ea1i. 5) Qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc xanh, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p. 7) Qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecf, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i… 8) Qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc tr\u1eafng, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i…<\/p>\n
[45] M\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn x\u1ee9: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 10 th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
[46] T\u1ee9 c\u00fa ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: 1) H\u1eefu nhi phi kh\u00f4ng: c\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng. 2) Kh\u00f4ng nhi phi h\u1eefu: kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. 3) Di\u1ec7c h\u1eefu di\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng: c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. 4) Phi h\u1eefu phi kh\u00f4ng: ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
[47] B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o: B\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: 1) Trong sinh t\u1eed: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 l\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh. 2) Trong ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 l\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
[48] Ba tu\u1ec7: T\u1ee9c v\u0103n tu\u1ec7, t\u01b0 tu\u1ec7, tu tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
[49] B\u1ed1n Gia h\u00e0nh v\u1ecb: Sau s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, nguy\u1ec7n tu th\u00eam 4 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n, 4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a 4 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n l\u00e0: no\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ec9nh, nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. 4 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i: danh, ngh\u0129a, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t. \u201cDanh\u201d c\u00e1i t\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, th\u1ee5… c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u201cNgh\u0129a\u201d y v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u1ea5y m\u00e0 thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ra c\u00e1i \u201cth\u1ec3\u201d v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, th\u1ee5… c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00ednh\u201d: t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, th\u1ee5… \u201cSai bi\u1ec7t\u201d: c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i sai bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n 4 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u, suy x\u00e9t ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c4 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n\u201d. D\u00f9ng 4 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh ra tr\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5n kh\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1edf th\u1ee7, s\u1edf duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a danh, ngh\u0129a, t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c. V\u00e0, c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i n\u0103ng th\u1ee7, n\u0103ng duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a 4 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n\u201d. Song, 4 t\u1ea7m t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p. C\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec: 1) minh \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh. 2) minh t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. 3) \u1ea5n thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. 4) v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a 4 ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c 4 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n: no\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ec9nh, nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1ed1i Th\u1eafng T\u1eed \u0110\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch. B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch T\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[85,73],"yoast_head":"\n
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