{"id":171388,"date":"2019-08-01T08:10:27","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T01:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=171388"},"modified":"2019-10-04T21:50:36","modified_gmt":"2019-10-04T14:50:36","slug":"hanh-tang-dich-tu-tieng-anh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/hanh-tang-dich-tu-tieng-anh-171388.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u0101pi\u1e6daka) d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u0101pi\u1e6daka) d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/h2>\n

D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: T\u1ef3 kheo Thi\u1ec7n Minh<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi N\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u00e0pitaka – CP) b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 B.C Law (BCL) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf SBB, b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 9 n\u0103m 1938, mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp “Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh” (The collection of the ways of conduct) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng (Buddhavamsa) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng (Buddhavamsa – BV)[1]. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n v\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh v\u0103n xu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean (1) kinh v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng La tinh do Richard Morris bi\u00ean t\u1eadp (Ee), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kinh v\u0103n Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta do h\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text Society (PTS) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1882 [2], (2) The Simon Hewa Vitatarne Bequest xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo 1950 (Ce). (3) Chatthasang\u00e0yana xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon, n\u0103m 1961 (Be), li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi (4) do D. L. Barua’s xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u00e0pitakatthakath\u00e0 – CPA) do PTS xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1939. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c PTS ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gotama truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho ng\u00e0i Sariputta[3], nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 15 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 kinh (Khuddakanik\u00e0ya). Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh (Digha-bh\u00e0nakas) lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u1ea1ng kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean Trung b\u1ed9 kinh (Majjhima-bh\u00e0nakas) ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed5n s\u01b0 kinh[4] h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh “Ba truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng B. M. Barua g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang[5].<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecdn cho b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n nay, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 E. J. Thomas[6] v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lamotte[7] ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. B\u1ed9 kinh gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 “T\u1ea1ng” c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Tam T\u1ea1ng, ba t\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m trong P\u00e0li t\u1ea1ng; v\u00e0 “H\u1ea1nh” (cariya) h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khi ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 (Ba-la-m\u1eadt) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Dhammap\u00e0da, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch[8] r\u1eb1ng T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1[9] trong t\u1ea1ng kinh. \u1ede s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Lily de Silva n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng[10] d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. B\u00e0 cho th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1ng Angulim\u00e0la, Vaitulyap, Varnap v\u00e0 Vedallapitaka, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: t\u1ea1ng Sankh\u00e0ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Sankhiya c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u00d0i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan”[11] d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Therav\u00e0da. Winternitz l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng Boddhisattva (B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c do ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch “g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh d\u00e0i trong b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba”[12] v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea1ng Boddhisattva, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 49 b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn trong b\u1ed9 Ratnak\u00e0ta[13]. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp[14] \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh Siksasamuccaya[15] \u1edf trang 190, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf lu\u1eadt B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t k\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u1edf trang 311, hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb “th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t”. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Warder cho r\u1eb1ng H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng “l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n (J\u00e0taka) m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, do b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 (Mah\u00e0sangha)[16] s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c”, c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m 12 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9[17] nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba thay v\u00ec Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y[18]. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf trong t\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 sau H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng[19] \u00f4ng D. L. Barua nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, cho b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Buddh\u00e0pad\u00e0niyam, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf l\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 hai l\u1ea7n \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i[20]. T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Boddhisatta) th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n tuy v\u1eady ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \u1edf Khuddaka-nik\u00e0ya (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 Apad\u00e0na (AP – Kinh Th\u00ed d\u1ee5); b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb “atha Buddh\u00e0pad\u00e0n\u00e0si sunatha”, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u00ean Buddh\u00e0pad\u00e0na xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n AP[21] th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 39. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (CP), ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb AP ph\u1ea7n 1 \u0111\u1ecdc Buddh\u00e0nam apad\u00e0niyam, ph\u1ea7n 39 Buddh\u00e0pad\u00e0nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Buddh\u00e0pad\u00e0niyam[22] c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. Ph\u1ea7n AP sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc Pubbacaritam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Cariyam c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n 1 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Buddh\u00e0caritam, V.I cariyam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n AP 1 v\u00e0 39 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Buddh\u00e0pad\u00e0na, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp do b\u1edfi t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 47, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i B\u1ed5n s\u01b0 kinh 51, theo sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn; \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n IV 406, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn I. 8. 16; \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 281, \u1edf I. 9. 53 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qui cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; v\u00e0 Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o 304 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn II. 2. 6 v\u00e0 II. 3. 2-5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u0103ng k\u1ec7 1. 10 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t (Tusita). \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y[23]. Nh\u01b0ng H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng minh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o ngay l\u00fac ba v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 vua A D\u1ee5c[24], H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 35 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khi c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00fa v\u1eadt, chim, r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1[25] ng\u00e0i \u0111ang c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch to l\u1edbn, qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m 10 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 (B\u00e0na); ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 10 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 (S\u00ecla); v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 15 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, n\u0103m chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ed9 (Nekkhamma), chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9 (Adhidh\u00e0na), s\u00e1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 (Sacca), hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1ec1 T\u1eeb t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9 (Metta) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 X\u1ea3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9 (Upekkha). Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (envoi) s\u1ed1 9, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m \u00fd b\u1edfi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Pandita, trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. I. 10, III. 5, 6, 8; Tinh t\u1ea5n \u1edf II. 2, 3, II. 10. 2 khi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh t\u1ea5n, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1edbn lao cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u00ec B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Temiya, III. 6, v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady \u00f4ng D. L. Barua[26] v\u00e0 \u00f4ng R. Morris[27] \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng ba \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu \u0111i. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean Rhys Davids[28] c\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Morris, cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 100 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, 10 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u1edf trang 2 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Asvaghosa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi khi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Morris ghi nh\u1eadn, “J\u00e0takam\u00e0l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 35 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, 10 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng[29]”. Barua cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (envoi) v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 Ola (l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i) – d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n – \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng qua th\u1eddi gian, b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf[30]. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng may x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Barua v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00f9 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 Ola, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng[31], v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp tinh t\u1ea5n[32]. \u1ede trong H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc[33], v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o. Trong Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n. Tuy v\u1eady, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n; n\u00f3i chung th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7. \u00d0i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi k\u1ec7. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n hai cu\u1ed1n (I. 5, III. 8) v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd (III. 15), m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n[34]. Ph\u1ee5 ch\u00fa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. D. L. Barua c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n T\u00fac sanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 35 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 547[35].<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (III. 8) th\u00ec qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft[36], v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c (I. 5, Mah\u00e0 Govinda) d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong b\u1ed9 kinh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Mah\u00e0 Govinda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng I. 4 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh Mah\u00e0 sudassana c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Mah\u00e0 Sudassana, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Visayha[37], th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ba b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9[38]. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c duy nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00fd do nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean Visayha \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho Mah\u00e0 Govinda Suttanta.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (CP. III. 15) mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00e2m X\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Barua r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng BCL v\u1ec1 Lomahamsa cariy\u00e0 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Lomahimsa (s\u1ed1 49, t\u1eadp I. 389 – 391) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd n\u1eefa. Ti\u1ebfc thay Barua \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec “ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft[39]”. Theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. I. 5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n III. 15 v\u1edbi Trung b\u1ed9 kinh (Majjhima Sutta). B\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 12; Mah\u00e0s\u00echan\u00e0da; m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean Lomahamsapariy\u00e0ya. Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y[40] v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 kinh i. 79 v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n 1-390 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Sotatto sos\u00ecno, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 kinh 12 ho\u1eb7c T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 94. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf trong H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. Sau b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n xu\u00f4i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u1edf trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 trong H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III. 15. I. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i. 47, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Appad\u00e0na 51 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Lomahamsa \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda X\u1ea3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9. Trong \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Fausboll c\u1ee7a T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb X\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00f3, Hatthavanagalla \u2013 Vih\u00e0ravamsa \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 94 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m T\u1eeb[41], \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ekar\u00e0ja, s\u1ed1 303, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, theo b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61 v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n 1-47. T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ekar\u00e0ja n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb[42]. H\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III. 14. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb trong l\u00e0ng: T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 44 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. \u1ede Trung b\u1ed9 kinh i 79 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m x\u1ea3. \u00d0\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III 15 l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1eed t\u1ebf. Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb (Tul\u00e0bh\u00f9ta), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9[43]. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u1edf trong Trung b\u1ed9 kinh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb t\u1eed t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o l\u00fac nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ghi nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra. T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 94 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, “trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 91 ki\u1ebfp”, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Trung b\u1ed9 ii 49 \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 kinh 12. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng[44]. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng[45], l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ec3 qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp Bhadda n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 91 ki\u1ebfp Vipassin l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i sinh ra v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp S\u00e0ra m\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ebfp Bhadda n\u00e0y. Cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u1ea9n s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3 \u00c0j\u00ecvika, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Trung b\u1ed9 kinh kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 71, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, Acelaka \u1edf trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 94 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u00e1ch 91 ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi[46]. Trung b\u1ed9 kinh s\u1ed1 12 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III 15 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Acelaka (Trung b\u1ed9 II 43 niccela, nagga, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, l\u00f5a th\u1ec3), v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c0j\u00ecvika ho\u1eb7c Acelaka[47]. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u00fd l\u1ebd kh\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c l\u1eafm, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III 15 v\u00e0 Trung b\u1ed9 kinh 12 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III 15 v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 94.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady cho n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu minh h\u1ecda t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 (upekkh\u00e0)[48]. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 2707 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Mah\u00e0lomahinisa bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00edch Lan th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Saddhammaratn\u00e0karaya, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng “v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Saraj\u00e0taka”. Ti\u1ebfc thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Mah\u00e0sara v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00edch Lan cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 P\u00e0ramisataka[49] b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3[50] \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ch\u00edn c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u00e2m x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n

97 Lomahanisa J\u00e0taka<\/p>\n

98 Uraga J\u00e0taka<\/p>\n

99 Mararodana J\u00e0taka<\/p>\n

100 Ekar\u00e0ja J\u00e0taka<\/p>\n

101 Ananusociya J\u00e0taka<\/p>\n

102 K\u00e0lab\u00e0hu J\u00e0taka<\/p>\n

103 Dharmdhvaja J\u00e0taka (Dhammadhaja s\u1ed1 220?)<\/p>\n

104-105 Kanhad\u00ecp\u00e0yana v\u00e0 C\u00f9labodhi.<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon – 1961, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb Tass’ udd\u00e0nam, ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00edch Lan, g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 Nigamanag\u00e0th\u00e0, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ed1 1-4 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m I, 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m II, v\u00e0 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m III. B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ngay v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 23 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m I 10.19, 8-10 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m II 10.7 v\u00e0 5\u201314 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m III 15.4. H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00edch Lan xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1950 v\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ebfn \u00d0i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1961 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp m\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o s\u1eed li\u1ec7u khi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111ang ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. Hai c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi 1, 2 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m I v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m II. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i n\u0103m c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 linh tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi I, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, 1-8 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 Nigamana \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m III 15 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m 10 l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia do Dhammapala[51] tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Udd\u00e0na-g\u00e0thavannan\u00e0, b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, Pakinnakakath\u00e0, chuy\u1ec7n linh tinh, v\u00e0 Nigamana-g\u00e0th\u00e0vannan\u00e0, b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 Nigamanag\u00e0th\u00e0. Hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m III. N\u0103m c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 linh tinh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cho vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng P.5f. Ba c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Nigamana \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng P.6.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec ba b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c do b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u1ee7a Richard Morris xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1882 , nh\u01b0 \u1edf trong ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, t\u1eadp VII 237, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p sau nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi theo H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Colombo \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1950, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li t\u00ean ri\u00eang \u1edf cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho v\u00e0o ch\u1eef S (= t\u00f3m t\u1eaft) tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 II. 9. S2 thay th\u1ebf cho ph\u1ea7n II c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 9, c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb khi h\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1882, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Richard Morris. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Tuy v\u1eady trong khi t\u00f4i \u0111ang ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tin m\u1eebng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 N. A Jayawickrama \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb 1882 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ch\u00fa, cho n\u00ean ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Morris \u1edf trong v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. H\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jayawickrama v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng mong mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng l\u1eddi c\u00e1m \u01a1n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u00fa v\u1ecb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho t\u00f4i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sai l\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n c\u00e3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m do m\u00ecnh g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

London, th\u00e1ng 7-1973<\/em><\/p>\n

I. B HORNER<\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Xem l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

[2] B\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Devan\u00e0gar\u00ec c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 B.C Law, lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch \u00d0\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1 7, Poona 1949, cho th\u1ea5y \u00edt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u1ee7a Richard Morris, 1882.<\/p>\n

[3] Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng do D. L. Barua bi\u00ean t\u1eadp 1939, 8f<\/p>\n

[4]. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, 15; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. 29. C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng, 18.<\/p>\n

[5] Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n T\u00edch lan, Calcutta xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1945, trang 72.<\/p>\n

[6] L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, London, n\u0103m 1933 trang 273.<\/p>\n

[7] L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, Louvain xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, 1958 trang 172.<\/p>\n

[8] Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i theo H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng do D. L. Barua \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1939.<\/p>\n

[9] Xem b\u1ed9 kinh Jinak\u00e0lam\u00e0li. 100 ng\u1eef c\u0103n (Niruttipitaka) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc P\u00e0li, EC.143, n.2<\/p>\n

[10] DAT, L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, trang LXIII<\/p>\n

[11] C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, trang LXIV, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf Nik\u00e0yasangrahava, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n

[12] M. Winternitz, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef, t\u1eadp 2, 294.<\/p>\n

[13] C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i 328.<\/p>\n

[14] C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, 294, n.y<\/p>\n

[15] \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi Bendall v\u00e0 Rouse, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 1922.<\/p>\n

[16] A. K. Warder, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 , xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Delhi, 1970, trang 298.<\/p>\n

[17] C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trang 357.<\/p>\n

[18] Xin xem Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng I, 76.<\/p>\n

[19] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng; l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u trang VI.<\/p>\n

[20] C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean PP.8, 355. T\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li t\u00ean ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

[21] Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c PP.6, 301.<\/p>\n

[22] Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, xin xem nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac (envoi)<\/p>\n

[23] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng I. 1. 2; xem ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 20.<\/p>\n

[24] D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 BCL, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc P\u00e0li. 290; A.K. Warder: P\u00e0li Metre, 95, 98.<\/p>\n

[25] Rhys Daviels, Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Lu\u00e2n \u00d0\u00f4n, \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1880, P.Ci, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n G\u00e0taka b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n. RhD. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a ra 20 ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng theo Itivuttaka trang 15 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 36 ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

[26] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Vif.<\/p>\n

[27] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef La tinh c\u1ee7a Richard Morris, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1882, l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang 15.<\/p>\n

[28] Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trang P. liV.<\/p>\n

[29] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef La tinh c\u1ee7a Richard Morris, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1882, l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. XVI<\/p>\n

[30] Kinh t\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a N\u00e0\u1ecbamoli, PTS xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1964, l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u XIX.<\/p>\n

[31] T\u1eadp II T\u0103ng Chi b\u1ed9 kinh. 117 ff.<\/p>\n

[32] Xem Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed7i d\u1ecbp ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nghe l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

[33] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. I. 2<\/p>\n

[34] V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Ruru.<\/p>\n

[35] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Xif.<\/p>\n

[36] D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 B.C.L , l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u1ecdc P\u00e0li, trang 299 th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y v\u1eddi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, s\u1ed1 73. Hai b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1eeb sacca (ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt), \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

[37] S\u1ed1 340, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 5 (\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Avisayha).<\/p>\n

[38] T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u1edf nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau, k\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Visayha, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 272 ff, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, I 45 ff, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apad\u00e0na 49 ff; \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u1edf cu\u1ed1n Mah\u00e0bodhivamsa 11.<\/p>\n

[39] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. XII.<\/p>\n

[40] Mi ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p trang 396, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Trung b\u1ed9 kinh, 1. 79.<\/p>\n

[41] Hvv, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang XI.<\/p>\n

[42] D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apad\u00e0na 51 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n S\u00e0ma, s\u1ed1 540 V\u1ec1 t\u00e2m T\u1eeb. Xem \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III 14, ghi ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n

[43] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III. 15. 4, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u1edf ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Trung b\u1ed9 kinh II, 49, ch\u01b0a d\u01b0a truy t\u00ecm m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

[44] \u00d0\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xem ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 268 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mong \u0111\u1ee3i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

[45] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng I 1.2 .<\/p>\n

[46] H\u00e3y xem 10 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u00d0\u00f4n, 1957, l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u XXI.<\/p>\n

[47] B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00c0j\u00ecvika l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 “du s\u0129” \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng ta r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Acelaka.<\/p>\n

[48] T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m bi\u1ebft \u01a1n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Y. Dhammap\u00e0la \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

[49] \u1ede s\u1ed1 100 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, xem ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, trang VI.<\/p>\n

[50] H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng W. Deepankara Sthavira, H\u1ed9i Sri Saddharmaprakasa, Dondra \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1921.<\/p>\n

[51] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 271ff.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m I – B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

I.1 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Akitti[1] (Akitticariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian[2] c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ed1n A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u[3] m\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

2- Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. N\u00e0y Sariputta h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe[4].<\/p>\n

3- Sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i v\u00e0o[5] trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tr\u1ea3ng[6], \u1edf \u0111\u00f3[7] s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Akitti.<\/p>\n

4- Sau \u0111\u00f3 vua tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch[8] (ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m \u00e1p b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ta, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ta \u0111\u1ec3 xin v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

5- Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ta[9], c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ef1ng (d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m) Nh\u01b0 Lai gom l\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i[10].<\/p>\n

6- Sau khi cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u00fap b\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u1eefa[11], v\u00e0 quay g\u00f3t tr\u1edf v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc l\u1ec1u l\u00e1 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

7- V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai. Ta c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng xao xuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed[12], ta l\u1ea1i cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

8- B\u1edfi l\u00fd do n\u00e0y[13], th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ta suy y\u1ebfu. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

9- N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c hai th\u00e1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c xao xuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

10- Trong khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt, ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c mong c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i \u00edch. V\u00ec qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

I. 2 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Sankha[14] (Sankhacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sankha, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng[15].<\/p>\n

2- \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y[16] m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c[17] \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9[18] \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng v\u1ebb g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 oi b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

3- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ta xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y: “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho ai mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u”.<\/p>\n

4- Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u hoa m\u00e0u, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gieo h\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f3c l\u00faa.<\/p>\n

5- Tuy v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n[19], n\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

6- Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ham mu\u1ed1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c[20] h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong tri\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang ph\u00fa qu\u00ed, th\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

7- Ngay c\u1ea3 ta c\u0169ng v\u1eady, mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y m\u00f3n qu\u00e0, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111i ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

8- Suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u00e8n c\u1edfi gi\u00e0y[21] v\u00e0 d\u00f9 d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

9- Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7[22] h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9, cho n\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y (nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n

I. 3 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Kurudhamma[23] (Kurudhammacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Dhananjaya, ng\u1ef1 \u1edf[24] th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Indapatt\u00e0, l\u00fac \u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n[25].<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c K\u00e0linga \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Lai, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng – N\u00e0ga[26] m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

3- “N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t b\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i gh\u00ea g\u1edbm x\u1ea3y ra. Xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1edbt voi \u0111en vinh quang[27] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Anjana”.<\/p>\n

4- Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng), “\u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n[28], ta s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y[29]”.<\/p>\n

5- Nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc[30] b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u00ecnh th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng[31] – kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Xong r\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

6- Khi ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y[32], c\u00e1c v\u1ecb quan trong tri\u1ec1u n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: “T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed con t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vinh quang n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

7- “Th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn b\u00e1ch th\u1eafng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00ec v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ra sao?”<\/p>\n

8- Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, cho n\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng[33].<\/p>\n

I. 4 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Mah\u00e0-sudassana[34] (Mah\u00e0sudassacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- Khi \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kus\u00e0vat\u00ec, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mah\u00e0-sudassana, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2- Ba l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng: “Ai ham mu\u1ed1n, mong c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u00ec?”<\/p>\n

3- Ai \u0111\u00f3i, ai kh\u00e1t, ai ham mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng hoa, ai ham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, ai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c?<\/p>\n

4- Ai s\u1ebd che d\u00f9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ai mang gi\u00e0y, m\u1ec1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu[35]? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 l\u00fac ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5- Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

6- N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin \u0111\u1ebfn[36] d\u00f9 ban ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c ban \u0111\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed[37] v\u00e0 ra \u0111i trong tay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

7- Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt qu\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 Lai trao t\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef[38].<\/p>\n

8- Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c[39] v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

9- Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n[40] v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan h\u1ec9[41], b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u xin[42] m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng mong m\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i[43], ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

I. 5 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Mah\u00e0-govinda[44] (Mah\u00e0govindacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Maha-govinda, l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 cho b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb vua[45], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i[46] t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

2- R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3y v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng[47].<\/p>\n

3- C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u00f3c l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng Nh\u01b0 Lai, m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a[48]. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd b\u00e1u[49].<\/p>\n

I.6 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua Nimi[50] (Nimir\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, khi \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Mithi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua uy quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nimi, gi\u00e0u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n[51].<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho x\u00e2y b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u1ed5ng ra v\u00e0o[52], \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho th\u00fa v\u1eadt, chim ch\u00f3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0[53] …<\/p>\n

3- Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u0103n gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c[54]. Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c[55].<\/p>\n

4- Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 no \u1ea5m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

5- Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u1edf m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00fang sinh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a[56] b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, Nh\u01b0 Lai mong c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

I.7 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Canda[57] (Candakum\u00e0racariyam)[58]<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Ekar\u00e0ja \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Puphavat\u00ec[59], l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Canda.<\/p>\n

2- Sau \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n, l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ra t\u1eeb b\u1ee5c t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n[60] l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng[61], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

3- Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n[62] th\u1ee9c \u0103n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai cho m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

4- Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u00e1n l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

5- Tuy v\u1eady th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 ngon, cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

6- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y[63] Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c[64]. \u00d0\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

I.8 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vua Sivi[65] (Sivir\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- \u1ede m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Aritha Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua cao qu\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sivi. R\u1ed3i khi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

2- “B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian[66] s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n xin Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd cho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng”.<\/p>\n

3- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, b\u00e8n n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

4- “Vua Sivi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean cho v\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

5- N\u00e0o, ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eed[67] v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua”.<\/p>\n

6- V\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng l\u00e3o[68] gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, run r\u1ea9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 vua.<\/p>\n

7- Xong r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 hai tay l\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t hai tay l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

8- “T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hoan h\u1ec9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi:<\/p>\n

9- Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed hai m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb m\u00f9 l\u00f2a. H\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c[69] gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t con”.<\/p>\n

10- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng[70], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0a hai tay v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

11- “B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn xin m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

12- \u00c0, \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1ef1 mong c\u1ea7u. H\u00f4m nay Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd cho m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y”.<\/p>\n

13- N\u00e0o, S\u00ecvaka[71] h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1eadm tre[72]\u00e3, \u0111\u1eebng run r\u1ea9y. H\u00e3y m\u00f3c hai con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t[73].<\/p>\n

14- Do \u0111\u00f3 S\u00ecvaka h\u00e3y nhanh l\u00ean, h\u00e3y v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi ta, h\u00e3y m\u00f3c n\u00f3 ra nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u00f3c ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ecd[74] v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u00fang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

15- Trong khi Nh\u01b0 Lai ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho, trong khi \u0111ang cho v\u00e0 sau khi cho, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n trong t\u00e2m[75], v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

16- Hai con m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t qu\u00ed b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

I. 9 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Vessantara[76] (Vessantaracariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- B\u00e0 \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Phussat\u00ec[77] v\u00e0 v\u1ee3[78] c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc[79].<\/p>\n

2- Bi\u1ebft[80] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp h\u1ebft, v\u1ecb vua tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: “Ta s\u1ebd cho b\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2n hu\u1ec7, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn[81] \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 b\u00e0 th\u00edch”.<\/p>\n

3- V\u00e0 sau khi n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00e0 b\u00e8n n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi vua tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch “Ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ta \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i ti\u00ean c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 (th\u1ed5i xu\u1ed1ng) dharan\u00ecruha[82]”.<\/p>\n

4- V\u00e0 khi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch b\u00e8n n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0 ta “B\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea5u xa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n y\u00eau qu\u00ed b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5- \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cho b\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1ec7nh chung. H\u00e3y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta, m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng”.<\/p>\n

6- Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Phussat\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua tr\u1eddi ban nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ec9, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed, vui th\u00edch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta[83].<\/p>\n

7- Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Phussat\u00ec m\u1ec7nh chung \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed kh\u00e1c \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Jetuttara[84], v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Sanjaya.<\/p>\n

8- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u1eb1m trong b\u00e0o thai c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Phussat\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ta, do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1eb9 ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ecfa th\u00edch trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

9- B\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi van xin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i[85], c\u00e1c Sa m\u00f4n v\u00e0 B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t[86] t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, cho nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

10- B\u00e0 Phussat\u00ec mang thai Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd trong l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 sinh ta tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1 Vessa[87].<\/p>\n

11- T\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do cha m\u1eb9[88] \u0111\u1eb7t[89]. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3[90] tr\u00ean khu ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u00e1n, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Vessantara[91].<\/p>\n

12- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i, l\u00fac \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i \u1edf cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u00e8n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

13- Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd cho tim, m\u1eaft, th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y[92] Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd cho th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai xin.<\/p>\n

14- Trong khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng[93].<\/p>\n

15- C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng[94] v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n, ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00ean th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Paccaya v\u00e0 \u0111i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

16- [95]Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kalinga \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Lai, h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi xin th\u1edbt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Naga m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

17- “\u00d0\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i con b\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao qu\u00ed, ch\u00faa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i voi”<\/p>\n

18- Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng che gi\u1ea5u b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u1edf “trong t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai”, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai hoan h\u1ec9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

19- Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi van xin \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 “\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u”. Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed con t\u01b0\u1ee3ng uy quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

20- Sau khi c\u1ea7m v\u00f2i c\u1ee7a con voi v\u00e0 tay kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh ra, Nh\u01b0 Lai d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng con voi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

21- M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang cho con b\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao qu\u00ed qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

22- Do vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng con voi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 Sivi[96] r\u1ea5t gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, h\u1ecd t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i bi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, “H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ta l\u00ean n\u00fai Vanka”<\/p>\n

23- Trong l\u00fac h\u1ecd \u0111ang xua \u0111u\u1ed5i, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, Nh\u01b0 Lai xin m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n[97], \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng t\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

24- Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Sivi \u0111\u00e3 cho Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p tr\u1ed1ng[98] k\u00eau r\u1ea5t to[99], xin t\u1eb7ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

25- Do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed3n \u00e0o, khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea3m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc[100] \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m cho Nh\u01b0 Lai. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

26- Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed voi, ng\u1ef1a, xe ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

27- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn (n\u00f3)[101], qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

28- Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed xe ng\u1ef1a c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n con ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o[102] \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Madd\u00ec:<\/p>\n

29- “N\u00e0y h\u1eadu Madd\u00ec, h\u00e3y \u1eb5m Kanh\u00e0, n\u00f3 th\u00ec nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Ta \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u1eb5m J\u00e0li v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 anh”<\/p>\n

30- Madd\u00ec \u1eb5m Kanh\u00e0jina d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa sen xanh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3a hoa th\u1ee7y ti\u00ean tr\u1eafng. Ta \u0111\u00e2y \u1eb5m ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed J\u00e0li n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

31- B\u1ed1n con ng\u1ef1a thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fac th\u00ec g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 l\u00fac th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, h\u1ecd tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai Vanka.<\/p>\n

32- B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai \u0111i[103] c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, “n\u00fai Va\u1ecbka \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?”<\/p>\n

33- Th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd th\u1ed1t l\u00ean l\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m, h\u1ecd t\u1ecf v\u1ebb bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, n\u00fai Va\u1ecbka c\u00f2n xa l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

34- N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i trong r\u1eebng[104], nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c \u0111\u00f2i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

35- Khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y cao[105] l\u1edbn xum xu\u00ea tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb k\u00eau kh\u00f3c, b\u00e8n u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng cho v\u1eeba t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

36- Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Madd\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ec9 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

37- “M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 r\u0169 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Vessantara[106]”.<\/p>\n

38- V\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb nh\u1eefng D\u1ea1 xoa \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ceta.<\/p>\n

39- L\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb vua \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u00e0tula[107]. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1edf tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, than kh\u00f3c[108] r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

40- Khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhau tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua \u1edf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ceta v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd[109] kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00fai Vanka.<\/p>\n

41- V\u1ecb vua tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho Vissakamma, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, “ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn ngay m\u1ed9t li\u00eau c\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7n nghi”.<\/p>\n

42- Khi Vissa kamma[110] ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vua tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t li\u00eau c\u1ed1c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

43- \u00d0i v\u00e0o khu r\u1eebng th\u1eadt y\u00ean t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 thanh th\u1ea3n, ta c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 con s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

44- Ta v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec c\u00f9ng hai con l\u00e0 J\u00e0li v\u00e0 Kanh\u00e0jina s\u1ed1ng \u1edf li\u00eau c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean h\u1ebft bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

45- Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c con ta chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n[111] khi \u1edf n\u01a1i li\u00eau c\u1ed1c. N\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec h\u00e1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y mang v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng ba cha con.<\/p>\n

46- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang \u1edf trong r\u1eebng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y xin ta hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, J\u00e0li v\u00e0 Kanh\u00e0jin\u00e0.<\/p>\n

47- Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, ta[112] c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hoan h\u1ec9. N\u1eafm tay hai \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb, Nh\u01b0 Lai cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

48- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

49- R\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch bay xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n h\u1ecfi xin ta n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ti\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh[113] c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

50- N\u1eafm l\u1ea5y tay n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec, hai tay b\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc[114] v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n[115] c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, ta b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

51- Khi ta cho v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec, c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t hoan h\u1ec9, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

52- J\u00e0li (con trai c\u1ee7a ta) Kanhaj\u00ecna con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta, n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ta. Khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u1ecd m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o[116], \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9[117] c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

53- Hai con v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng Madd\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai qu\u00ed b\u00e1u h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau[118] c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

54- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9[119] c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, khi \u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111ang than kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n[120] c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

55- Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 l\u1eabn lo s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

56- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n[121] \u0111i kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i v\u00e0o[122] th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Jetuttara tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, nguy nga nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

57- C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i m\u01b0a ng\u1ecdc ng\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a r\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

58- Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vui hay bu\u1ed3n, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n rung chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

I.10 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con th\u1ecf kh\u00f4n ngoan (Sasapanditaccariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t con th\u1ecf \u0111i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng, \u0103n c\u1ecf, \u0103n l\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u00fa d\u1eef kh\u00e1c,<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 r\u1eebng, m\u1ed9t con r\u00e1i c\u00e1 con c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhau s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i[123].<\/p>\n

3- Nh\u01b0 Lai d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa: “h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh xa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n[124]”<\/p>\n

4- G\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n, ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi”<\/p>\n

5- H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, h\u00e3y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

6- H\u00e3y n\u00f3i “l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p” v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang \u0111i t\u00ecm[125] ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed qu\u00e0.<\/p>\n

7- Ng\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1[126] m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ai x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, th\u00ec m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

8- Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e8, \u0111\u1eadu[127], g\u1ea1o, b\u01a1. Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

9- “N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai[128] x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ec3 xin th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ra \u0111i b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay kh\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n

10- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch trong l\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n hang c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

11- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ta, Nh\u01b0 Lai hoan h\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hoan h\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y “th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00ec c\u1ecf kh\u00f4 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai[129]”.<\/p>\n

12- Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd cho \u00f4ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng cho ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

13- N\u00e0o h\u00e3y nh\u00f3m l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfp l\u1eeda, nh\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbt Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

14- V\u1ecb tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i “t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm”, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ec9, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y gom g\u00f3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda th\u1eadt to.<\/p>\n

15- V\u1ecb n\u00e0y nh\u00f3m b\u1ebfp l\u00ean th\u1eadt nhanh. Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1eafc m\u00ecnh[130] cho b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0103ng ra v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

16- Khi \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y kh\u00f4 to l\u1edbn ch\u00e1y b\u1eebng b\u1eebng[131] l\u00ean r\u1ed3i, Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

17- Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai khi t\u1eafm n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbu b\u1edbt[132] s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y[133] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n

18- C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o l\u1eeda th\u00ec c\u0169ng tan \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

19- Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n c\u1ea3 sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, da d\u01b0\u1edbi, da tr\u00ean, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim[134].<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft[135]<\/p>\n

1. (20) Ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n[136] Akitti, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Sankha, vua x\u1ee9 Kuru c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Dhananjaya, vua Mah\u00e0 – sudassana, v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n Mah\u00e0 – govinda,<\/p>\n

2. (21) Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nini, v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Canda, Sivi, Vessantara v\u00e0 th\u1ecf. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eebng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

3. (22) \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi[137] c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u xin, Nh\u01b0 Lai ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4. (23) Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 xin v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, Nh\u01b0 Lai hi sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed[138] \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Akitti, s\u1ed1 480, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Agastya. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u1ee7a Richard Morris 1882 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Akatti, l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 av.1 \u1edf b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, Simon Hewavitarne Bequest, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo 1950.<\/p>\n

[2] \u1ede trong ki\u1ebfp Bhadda n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 16, 20.<\/p>\n

[3] Carita, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 17 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 cariyam. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00e1m c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0 \u1edf h\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text II 19, 225, Niddesa 2.237.<\/p>\n

[4] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt do ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

[5] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh Ajjhog\u00e0hetv\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 21, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo 1950, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon 1961 l\u00e0 gahetv\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[6] Thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 20.<\/p>\n

[7] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh l\u00e0 vivinak\u00e0nana, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 20, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo l\u00e0 vipina, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon in kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 vipina.<\/p>\n

[8] Tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i cai tr\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 33, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tidiva.<\/p>\n

[9] Thu\u1ed9c c\u0103n l\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 24.<\/p>\n

[10] \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn, \u1edf c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[11] Kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n hai l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, \u1edf trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[12] Kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tham l\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tham n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[13] S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[14] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Sankha s\u1ed1 442 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sankhabr\u00e0hmanacariyam \u1edf ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 28, 35. D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 BCL x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 524 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u01b0a ra cho H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng II. 10.<\/p>\n

[15] C\u1ea3ng T\u00e0malitti \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n t\u00e0u \u0111i Suvannabh\u00f9mi (Mi\u1ebfn \u00d0i\u1ec7n?), b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 28.<\/p>\n

[16] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tattha adassim, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tatth’ addas\u00e0mi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u1edf Rangoon \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tatth’ adassam.<\/p>\n

[17] V\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 28.<\/p>\n

[18] Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0o chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 … B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 28 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tam \u0111\u1ed9c (m\u00e0ra).<\/p>\n

[19] \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

[20] T\u1eeb muddi (quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c) \u00edt khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu muddikam \u00e0har\u00e0pesi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa. II. 4, v\u00e0 muddikam deti, Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 379.<\/p>\n

[21] Orohitv\u00e0 up\u00e0han\u00e0, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng. II. 207f. Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1edfi gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p, up\u00e0han\u00e0 om ncitv\u00e0 (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh) nh\u01b0ng theo T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 442 (IV. 16) \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

[22] Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7”- b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u1edf Rangoon V.1 sukhe-dhita; b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 sukkhethita.<\/p>\n

[23] Kurudhammaj\u00e0taka, s\u1ed1 276, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a “Dhanan Jaya” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 kurudhammacariyam; \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 35, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kurur\u00e0jacariyam. C\u0169ng xem ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa. N. 86ff \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u1edf trang 88 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n II. 367, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kurudhamma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

[24] Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Indapattha- ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Pattha.<\/p>\n

[25] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 35, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n sinh ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u (xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I. 132, UJ. 285 ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n) (xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh III 269, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I 287, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng b\u1ed9 kinh V 266ff, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. Netti. 43.), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tam nghi\u1ec7p ba th\u00e2n, b\u1ed1n kh\u1ea9u, tam \u00fd. C\u0169ng xem \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi II 8, 2; III 14, 2. Theo ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Morris Kusale, \u1edf Kusale dasehi “\u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c r\u00fat g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a kusalehi” (xem ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta trang XVI, n. 3) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 35.<\/p>\n

[26] Hatthin\u00e0ga.<\/p>\n

[27] N\u00e0ga. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i m\u01b0a, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 35. \u01a0\u00fb d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng ta ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

[28] \u00d0\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

[29] Gaja.<\/p>\n

[30] N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

[31] N\u00e0ga.<\/p>\n

[32] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 38, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Rangoon, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Colombo g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tass, “b\u1edfi \u00f4ng ta” H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh l\u00e0 tasminir.<\/p>\n

[33] N\u00e0ga n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng ta th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 38.<\/p>\n

[34] Kinh Mahasudassana, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 17, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Mah\u00e0sudassana s\u1ed1 95. T\u00f4i theo s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh.<\/p>\n

[35] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mudusabh\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 42 – vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 subh\u00e0, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon, \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mud\u00f9 subh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[36] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Van\u00ecpako, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 44, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Vanibbake, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Vanibbako. Xem BHSD.<\/p>\n

[37] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bhogam, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e0nam.<\/p>\n

[38] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pinatthi, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 na pinatthi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu I 5.3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[39] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vajjani, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vejjam.<\/p>\n

[40] S\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[41] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00f9nadhanam; b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i in \u1edf Rangoon, \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00f9namanam. “do b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n” b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[42] \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc xem ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 6. N.<\/p>\n

[43] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 apacc\u00e0yo; b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e0so.<\/p>\n

[44] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu kinh Mah\u00e0 – govinda, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 II. 230ff; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Mah\u00e0vastu III. 197ff.<\/p>\n

[45] \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 II. 236.<\/p>\n

[46] Naradeva \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 45 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec kh\u00e1c, Khattiya, \u1edf Jambud\u00ecpa.<\/p>\n

[47] \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra y\u00eau th\u00edch. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, \u1edf Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. XI. I, Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 21.<\/p>\n

[48] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pin’ atthi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Napi n’ atthi. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. I. 4. 7.<\/p>\n

[49] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 47 varamdhanan Ti uttamam icchitam v\u00e0 dhanam, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong c\u1ea7u cho.<\/p>\n

[50] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Nimi, s\u1ed1 541.<\/p>\n

[51] C\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 51.<\/p>\n

[52] Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda d\u1eabn v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 53.<\/p>\n

[53] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 naran\u00e0rinam, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nar\u00e0dinam. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i: kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u00fac sinh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

[54] C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng trang 54.<\/p>\n

[55] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 abbhocchinnam; b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 abbo. \u00d4ng ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

[56] Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

[57] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n khadah\u00e0la s\u1ed1 542. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c xin xem Handurukande, trang 87. \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 203.<\/p>\n

[58] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 58 Cadar\u00e0 Jacariyam.<\/p>\n

[59] T\u00ean c\u0169 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh B\u00e0r\u00e0nas\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng trang 58.<\/p>\n

[60] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 61, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 yannav\u00e0tato, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00e0tako.<\/p>\n

[61] \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n c\u1ea3i t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng kh\u00f3 n\u00e0y xin xem A. K. Coomaraswamysamvega, “Aesthetic shock”, HJAS b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 7, s\u1ed1 3, th\u00e1ng 2. 1943.<\/p>\n

[62] Kh\u00e0dati, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb cho vi\u1ec7c \u0103n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

[63] Etam atthavasam natv\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u1edf suttanip\u00e0ta 297. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[64] Bhav\u00e0bhave, \u1edf nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[65] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Sivi, s\u1ed1 499, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 120.<\/p>\n

[66] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 64 “m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng”<\/p>\n

[67] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vimamsay\u00e0mi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00ec.<\/p>\n

[68] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 phalitasiro, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 palita.<\/p>\n

[69] R\u1ed3i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con m\u1eaft, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 65.<\/p>\n

[70] M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 65, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

[71] V\u1ecb y s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Sivi.<\/p>\n

[72] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 68 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dandayi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dandhayi.<\/p>\n

[73] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 va tibbake, W. R \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vanibbake xem I. 4 6n.<\/p>\n

[74] T\u00e0laminja nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u1edf t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ecd..<\/p>\n

[75] Cittassa annath\u00e0, xin xem Critical P\u00e0li Dictionary, Copenhagen, 1924, S. V. \u00d0\u1ecdc annath\u00e0. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u1edf Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 60, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n. I. 46 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Appad\u00e0na 50.<\/p>\n

[76] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Vessantara, s\u1ed1 547, chuy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 9. Thu m\u1ee5c chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf Lamotte, Trait\u00e9 t\u1eadp 2, trang 713. \u00d0\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Vessantara v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 113, 274 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng 245 v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh i.84, 115, iii.164, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. 414, Mah\u00e0vamsa 30.88, Culavamsa 42.5.<\/p>\n

[77] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Phussat\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng Phusati \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 7, 8, 10.<\/p>\n

[78] C\u00e1c H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 camahesiy\u00e0, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mahesi piy\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[79] M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a at\u00ectasu j\u00e0tisu, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 74 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

[80] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 disv\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng in \u1edd Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 natv\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[81] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vare nh\u01b0ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vara, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 75 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 var\u00e0ti varrasu varam gamha, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n.<\/p>\n

[82] Xem T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n VI. 482, 497, Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 376, 385, 410 cho c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y 9.<\/p>\n

[83] C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u00e0 ta, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 76.<\/p>\n

[84] Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Sivi n\u01a1i Sivi v\u00e0 con trai \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 Sanjaya tr\u1ecb v\u00ec.<\/p>\n

[85] Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 77, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 addhike, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 patthike, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 av. 1 \u1edf b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 patthi-, pathi- (c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon).<\/p>\n

[86] Kh\u00ecne, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 77.<\/p>\n

[87] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vaisya.<\/p>\n

[88] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mettikam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 78, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 matti l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 metti- c\u0169ng \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon.<\/p>\n

[89] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mettika-, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon, Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pettika-<\/p>\n

[90] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n VI. 485 J\u00e0to’mhi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 78 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 J\u00e0t’ ettha.<\/p>\n

[91] \u1ede trong Vassas.<\/p>\n

[92] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Y\u00e0cetv\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n VI. 486 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 S\u00e0vetv\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[93] C\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 33 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 79, Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111ao 424) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Tu Di (Suneru) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00fai Tu Di. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00fai Tu Di v\u00e0 c\u00f5i hoan l\u1ea1c \u1edf Di\u00eam ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1 (Jambud\u00ecpa) v\u00e0 c\u00f5i n\u00fai Tu Di. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00fai Tu Di (b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng).<\/p>\n

[94] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 addhadham\u00e0se, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 anvaddha-, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 80 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng anu – addham\u00e0se. Xin xem Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng IV. 145 anvaddham\u00e0san ti anuposathikam, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y b\u00e1t quan.<\/p>\n

[95] Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 81c\u00e1c c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (16, 17, 18, 19, 20 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf I. 3. 2 – 5)<\/p>\n

[96] T\u00ednh lu\u00f4n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a vua Sivi v\u00e0 theo th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngoi\u1ea1 tr\u1eeb vua Sanjaya, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Phusati v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Madd\u00ec, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 82.<\/p>\n

[97] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ay\u00e0cissam, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 -cisam.<\/p>\n

[98] Kannabherin ti gugalamah\u00e0bherim, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 85, m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

[99] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e0y\u00e0cayitv\u00e0; V. 1. \u00c0s\u00e0vayitv\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u1edbi V. 11, s\u00e0vetv\u00e0, \u00e0y\u00e0vayitv\u00e0, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00e0vayitv\u00e0. \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ghos\u00e0petv\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[100] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e0nema mam, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e0nen’ imam.<\/p>\n

[101] Nivattitv\u00e0 vilokite, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 II. 122. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt “nh\u00ecn th\u00e0nh Ves\u00e0li c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a con voi” N\u00e0gapalokitam V. Apaloketv\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Divy 208.<\/p>\n

[102] Bimba, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u. Theo nh\u01b0 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a BCL trang 103, n. 2″d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Jalam hatthe \u00e0kiritv\u00e0 br\u00e0hman\u00e0nam adam gajam theo kinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i trong nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi d\u1ecbch n\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

[103] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 yanti, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 86, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 enti.<\/p>\n

[104] C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0 in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pavane, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bhavana.<\/p>\n

[105] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ubbidh\u00e0, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ubbiddh\u00e0, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ubbigg\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[106] M\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 87.<\/p>\n

[107] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 M\u00e0tul\u00e0, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 88 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 M\u00e0tule g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ceta.<\/p>\n

[108] Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Vessantara \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[109] \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn “b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i”, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 88.<\/p>\n

[110] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Vissu-.<\/p>\n

[111] Asunno; CPD \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn cho \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 89 – 90 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi n\u01a1i \u1ea9n c\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (asunno) th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng (kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng) trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb asunna th\u00e0nh asunne th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng. Qua s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00fa v\u1eadt c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ba do tu\u1ea7n c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi”.<\/p>\n

[112] Ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd vi\u00ean m\u00e3n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[113] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00eclavatini, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 94 – 5 (v\u0103n xu\u00f4i), c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vantim.<\/p>\n

[114] \u00d0\u00f4i tay c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n giang ra, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 95.<\/p>\n

[115] B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[116] B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef n\u00f3 (trong t\u00e2m), b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 96, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed: t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ee9 chi ho\u1eb7c m\u1eaft, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con.<\/p>\n

[117] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu I. 8. 15 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p. 117.<\/p>\n

[118] C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p. 281 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[119] Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 100.<\/p>\n

[120] C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m m\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua. B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apadana. 51 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dukkham, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i.47 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dukham.<\/p>\n

[121] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 san\u00e0tibhi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 101 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 -t\u00echi, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sannatibhi. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu. III. 3. 4n.<\/p>\n

[122] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pavis\u00e0mi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pavis\u00e0mi.<\/p>\n

[123] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 p\u00e0to padissare, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 p\u00e0to ca dissare.<\/p>\n

[124] S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn … v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi … b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 103.<\/p>\n

[125] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gavesinisu\u01b0,, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gavesiyu\u01b0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 104, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gavesisu\u01b0.<\/p>\n

[126] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nisajja cin besi, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nissajja cintesim,, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nisajja cintesim.<\/p>\n

[127] C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh v\u00e0 hai b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00e0s\u00e0 v\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 na m\u00e0s\u00e0. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 mugga, \u0111\u1eadu xanh c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

[128] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 yadi eti, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 yadi koci eti.<\/p>\n

[129] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft mam’ antike, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mama santike.<\/p>\n

[130] \u1ede T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n con th\u1ecf r\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. (Xem c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 1, 12) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ebft. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

[131] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dh\u00f9mamayati, sai v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dhamadham\u00e0yati, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 dhama dham\u00e0yati, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n dhamadhama. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu III 9.4.<\/p>\n

[132] Sameti, ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 107 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0pasameti.<\/p>\n

[133] Deti c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong s\u00e1ch. Upp\u00e0deti.<\/p>\n

[134] Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi Sakka t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con th\u1ecf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con th\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi) T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i.172 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh con th\u1ecf s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, xem ph\u1ea7n III 9 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

[135] Tr\u00ean k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo xem l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang XI.<\/p>\n

[136] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 108 d\u00f9ng Br\u00e0hmano nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Akitti m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u1edf I.1.<\/p>\n

[137] Parikkh\u00e0ra hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra nh\u01b0 ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con th\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d0\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 chi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (k\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1eaft, v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con) xem I. 9. 52n v\u00e0 II. 10. Sn.<\/p>\n

[138] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i. 45, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. 59, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apadana. 49 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n sasapandita, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m II – Tr\u00ec Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

II.1 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng m\u1eabu than (M\u00e0tipiposakacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00faa[1] \u1edf r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, \u0111ang nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng m\u1eabu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c[2] c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

2- M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u1eebng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf r\u1eebng r\u1eadm b\u00e8n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho nh\u00e0 vua: “T\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t con t\u01b0\u1ee3ng[3] c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho ng\u00e0i, n\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

3- Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng n\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed1 h\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ecdc[4] nh\u1ecdn. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai n\u1eafm[5] l\u1ea5y v\u00f2i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y”.<\/p>\n

4- Khi nh\u00e0 vua nghe l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a anh ta th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ec9 b\u00e8n g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

5- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf trong h\u1ed3 sen \u0111ang gi\u1eadt nh\u1eefng r\u1ec5 sen[6] l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

6- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e8n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “n\u00e0o h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y con trai”, \u00f4ng ta n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u00f2i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

7- R\u1ed3i l\u00fac \u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n con voi.<\/p>\n

8- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 Lai, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft th\u1eadm ch\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c[7].<\/p>\n

9- Tuy v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec vi\u00ean m\u00e3n tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh (ngay c\u1ea3 khi) h\u1ecd c\u1ed9t[8] Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0o c\u00e1i c\u1ecdc[9].<\/p>\n

10- N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng r\u00ecu hay b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

II.2 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Bh\u00f9ridatta[10] (Bh\u00f9ridattacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Bh\u00f9ridatta[11] c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng[12], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi[13] c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua Vir\u00f9pakkha[14].<\/p>\n

2- \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, h\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch[15] sinh thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3- Sau khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[16], \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1[17], Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 m\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

4- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn da trong, da ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh ta mang n\u00f3 \u0111i nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

5- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang n\u1eb1m, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00c0lamp\u00e0na[18] b\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 Lai. N\u00e9m Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i gi\u1ecf, \u00f4ng ta b\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n h\u1ebft n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

6- M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb n\u00e9m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf, b\u1ecb \u00f4ng ta d\u00f9ng tay \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p xu\u1ed1ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi \u00c0lamp\u00e0na[19] v\u00ec s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee9t gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

7- S\u1ef1 hy sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c[20].<\/p>\n

8- V\u1edbi ng\u00e0n tr\u0103m ki\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00ec l\u00e0m vua c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

9- Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec vi\u00ean m\u00e3n tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi b\u1ecb h\u1ecd n\u00e9m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf[21].<\/p>\n

II.3 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t N\u00e0ga-campeyya[22] (Campeyyan\u00e0gacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Campeyyaka[23] c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, r\u1ed3i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn[24], nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

2- R\u1ed3i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ee5 r\u1eafn[25] \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00fac Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang gi\u1eef b\u00e1t quan[26], ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bu\u1ed9c Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh[27] di\u1ec5n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng ho\u00e0ng cung[28].<\/p>\n

3- Gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u xanh m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf[29], Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

4- Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ta th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

5- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng[30] kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf \u0111i gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

6- H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y tan v\u1ee1, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 tan t\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y – kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb tan t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tro tr\u1ea5u[31].<\/p>\n

II.4 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t C\u00f9labodhi[32] (C\u00f9labodhicariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 C\u00f9labodhi, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m, Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t gia[33].<\/p>\n

2- M\u1ed9t n\u1eef B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc da nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng, ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 \u1ea5y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[34], kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i ki\u1ebfp t\u00e1i sinh, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

3- Kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc[35], kh\u00f4ng ham mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi[36], kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3[37], c\u00f9ng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bar\u00e0nas\u00ec.<\/p>\n

4- \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng thu th\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u00e0o[38].<\/p>\n

5- Khi nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng ta tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. \u00d0\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi: “B\u00e0 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng, b\u00e0 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ai?”[39]<\/p>\n

6- Khi nh\u00e0 vua n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u00e8n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta: “B\u00e0 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i[40], b\u00e0 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f9ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o”.<\/p>\n

7- B\u1ecb s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ta[41] l\u00e0m m\u00ea m\u1eabn, nh\u00e0 vua ra l\u1ec7nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn v\u1ec7[42] b\u1eaft gi\u1eef b\u00e0 ta, d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c b\u00e0 ta, nh\u00e0 vua bu\u1ed9c n\u1eef B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i cung.<\/p>\n

8- Ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai do b\u1edfi ch\u1ea1m b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc[43], c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t gia[44] m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o – khi \u00f4ng ta l\u00f4i k\u00e9o b\u00e0 ta v\u00e0 c\u00f4 ta b\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111i m\u1ea5t, trong l\u00f2ng Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

9- Khi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn ph\u00e1t sinh Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1eebng t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n[45] v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ngu\u00f4i c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 b\u1eebng l\u00ean[46].<\/p>\n

10- N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ai d\u00f9ng dao nh\u1ecdn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u1eef B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

11- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c th\u00ec th\u1eadt qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

II.5 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vua Ng\u01b0u ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng[47] (Mahisar\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con tr\u00e2u \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 trong r\u1eebng[48], v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, sung s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

2- L\u00fac th\u00ec \u1edf trong hang n\u00fai[49], l\u00fac th\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd d\u00e0nh cho lo\u00e0i tr\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

3- \u00d0i lang thang trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p[50]. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

4- R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 x\u1ea5u xa, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n nhanh nh\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ean vai, tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

5- V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, ba, b\u1ed1n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u00f4 u\u1ebf Nh\u01b0 Lai. Nh\u01b0 Lai lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh v\u00ec n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

6- M\u1ed9t con D\u1ea1-xoa, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u00e8n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng s\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft con v\u1eadt x\u1ea5u xa \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

7- Nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con D\u1ea1-xoa r\u1eb1ng: “L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n[51] \u0111\u00f3?”<\/p>\n

8- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n[52] n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch ch\u00ea bai.<\/p>\n

9- Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch[53] c\u00f2n h\u01a1n m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ea bai. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch g\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eadp l\u01b0ng \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

10- Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y, khi con kh\u1ec9[54] l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00ec s\u1ebd tha th\u1ee9[55] \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

11- \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n ngoan, tha th\u1ee9[56] s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1eadc h\u1ea1, trung, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[57].<\/p>\n

II.6 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ruru, vua c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i nai[58] (Rurumigar\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Ruru, vua c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i nai c\u00f3 m\u00e0u l\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng[59], \u0111ang gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cao nh\u1ea5t[60].<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, an l\u1ea1c, xa c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

3- R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3, anh \u0111\u00e3 gieo m\u00ecnh[61] xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng (v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129), “Ta s\u1ed1ng hay ch\u1ebft”[62].<\/p>\n

4- Su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam anh ta b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i d\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng to l\u1edbn, k\u00eau c\u1ee9u th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00f4i \u1edf gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

5- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau vang th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh ta, b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi: “N\u00e0y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ai?”<\/p>\n

6- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 do m\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, “v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y”<\/p>\n

7- Th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t cho anh ta, Nh\u01b0 Lai hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh[63], nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng (d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng[64]) Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ee9u anh ta tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

8- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai bi\u1ebft anh ta t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i[65] Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh ta \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: “Ta xin ng\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u1ec1 ta[66]”.<\/p>\n

9- L\u00fac v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 loan tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0u sang. \u00d0\u01b0a v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ebfn, anh ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

10- V\u00e0 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 vua. Khi nh\u00e0 vua nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u00e8n g\u1eafn cung t\u00ean v\u00e0o, “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft k\u1ebb v\u00f4 \u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8”.<\/p>\n

11- Nh\u01b0 Lai xin che ch\u1edf cho anh ta v\u00e0 xin thay th\u1ebf[67] m\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh, “T\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh ta s\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd mang cho ng\u00e0i \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui”.<\/p>\n

12- Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

II.7 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t M\u00e0tanga[68] (M\u00e0tangacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- V\u00e0 l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 th\u1eaft b\u00edm tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u00e0tanga, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t[69].<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n[70] c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

3- Khi \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y li\u00eau c\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf b\u1edd s\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai mu\u1ed1n v\u1ee1 tung[71].<\/p>\n

4- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eadn d\u1eef[72] v\u1edbi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

5- Khi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1eedi m\u1eafng Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1n[73] gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa[74] quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh anh ta – Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb b\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh[75].<\/p>\n

6- Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

II.8 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Dhammadevaputta[76] (Dhammadevaputtacariyam)[77]<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o[78], c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Dhamma[79], con D\u1ea1-xoa c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n[80], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i kh\u1eafp t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

3- M\u1ed9t con D\u1ea1-xoa x\u1ea5u xa tham lam, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eadp \u00e1c[81] h\u1eafn ta c\u0169ng \u0111i kh\u1eafp tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t[82] c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

4- C\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng xe ng\u1ef1a, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t[83] v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

5- M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i v\u1ea3 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp[84] x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gh\u00ea g\u1edbm s\u1eafp s\u1eeda x\u1ea3y ra b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c[85].<\/p>\n

6- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1eadn d\u1eef[86] v\u1edbi h\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

7- Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e1t m\u1ebb[87], t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa.<\/p>\n

8- Ngay khi Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u xa, t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c[88] n\u1ee9t ra ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i D\u1ea1-xoa[89] hung \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

II.9 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Al\u00ecnasattu[90] (Al\u00ecnasattucariyam) [91]<\/h4>\n

1- \u1ede th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Campil\u00e0[92], m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, thu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Panc\u00e0la, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua t\u00ean l\u00e0 Jayaddisa[93] \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t[94] v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c cao tr\u1ecdng, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Al\u00ecnasutta, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c[95] lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u[96].<\/p>\n

3- Cha t\u00f4i l\u00fac \u0111i s\u0103n nai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t D\u1ea1-xoa[97]. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft l\u1ea5y cha t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u00f3n m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y”<\/p>\n

4- Nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 vua run r\u1ea9y v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, tay ch\u00e2n r\u1ee5ng r\u1eddi, khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y con D\u1ea1-xoa \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5- Nh\u00e0 vua n\u00f3i: “H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y th\u1ecbt nai \u0111i, r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3 cho ta \u0111i”. Nh\u00e0 vua h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, cha t\u00f4i d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

6- “N\u00e0y con trai, h\u00e3y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecf b\u00ea th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Cha h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con D\u1ea1-xoa”<\/p>\n

7- Nh\u01b0 Lai thay th\u1ebf cho cha ra \u0111i[98], sau khi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 cha m\u1eb9, th\u00e1o b\u1ecf ki\u1ebfm cung r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 D\u1ea1-xoa.<\/p>\n

8- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai trong tay c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed khi \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n D\u1ea1-xoa c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i th\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

9- Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u00ec s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi, Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u00f4n h\u00f2a[99] nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y:<\/p>\n

10- “H\u00e3y nh\u00f3m l\u1eeda l\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd gieo m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y[100] xu\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fa[101] \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00e1u”.<\/p>\n

11- Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u00e3i m\u00e3i b\u00e0i b\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a D\u1ea1-xoa v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

II.10 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Sankhap\u00e0la (Sankhap\u00e0lacariyam) [102]<\/h4>\n

1- M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Sankhap\u00e0la, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 ch\u00faa lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi nanh[103] nh\u1ecdn l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c gh\u00ea g\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

2- \u1ede ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, Nh\u01b0 Lai quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1[104], Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3- M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn da trong, da ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ecbt g\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y mang \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

4- Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n[105], d\u1eef d\u1eb1n th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi g\u1eady g\u1ed9c trong tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

5- \u00d0\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u0169i, \u0111u\u00f4i v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, treo Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n x\u00e9 to\u00e1t Nh\u01b0 Lai ra.<\/p>\n

6- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t[106] to l\u1edbn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u00fai r\u1eebng bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh.<\/p>\n

7- M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn, b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng dao, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9[107].<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft[108]<\/p>\n

1. (8) T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00faa, Bh\u00f9ridatta, Campeyya, Bodhi, Ng\u01b0u Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ruru, M\u00e0tanga v\u00e0 Dhamma, v\u00e0 Jayaddisa v\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

2. (9) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n[109] gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

3. (10) Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Sankhap\u00e0la, th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh[110] – v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Kunjara.<\/p>\n

[2] Gunena, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u00eclagunena \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 110.<\/p>\n

[3] Gaja.<\/p>\n

[4] C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 napi \u00e0lakak\u00e0suy\u00e0, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 na piy\u00e0lhaka-, v\u1edbi vil. Napi \u00e0lahaka-, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng III \u00e0 laka- (\u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb k\u00e9p kh\u00e1c) v 5. V. CPD.<\/p>\n

[5] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sam\u00e0gahite, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sahaga, b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eb7ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 samam gahita.<\/p>\n

[6] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bhisamul\u00e0, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 -m\u00f9l\u00e0la, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh hoa sen.<\/p>\n

[7] M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 112 v\u1ec1 patibalo bhave tesam y\u00e0va rajjampi m\u00e0 nu sam, “t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t anh ta ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft t\u00f4i m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea5t n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n

[8] Pakkhi pantam.<\/p>\n

[9] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00c0lake, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00c0lhake, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e0lake. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh), b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 113.<\/p>\n

[10] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Bh\u00f9ridatta s\u1ed1 543.<\/p>\n

[11] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 115 Bh\u00f9ri l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, datta l\u00e0 t\u00ean cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1eb7t. B\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ng\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Datta th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

[12] C\u0169ng \u1edf trong s\u00e1ch, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a X\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

[13] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 117, T\u00e0vatimsa.<\/p>\n

[14] C\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch M\u00e3n x\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb vua tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

[15] C\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch, t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

[16] C\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

[17] Nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea9m 11. 10.2. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Trung b\u1ed9 III.194 trong Trung b\u1ed9 I. 481 = 8 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng kinh II.28 = T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 I.50: “t\u00f4i s\u1eb3n s\u00e0ng, da, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt kho \u0111i”. Xin xem l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 117, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng chavicamma l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebd. Do \u0111\u00f3 Bel l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: “T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1edbi, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ed1n anga y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1edf T\u0103ng chi kinh II.79.<\/p>\n

[18] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 122, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e0lamb\u00e0yano, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft \u00e0lambano.<\/p>\n

[19] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft \u00c0lamp\u00e0nenana, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft \u00c0lamb\u00e0\u1ecbena, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft \u00c0lamb\u00e0yena na.<\/p>\n

[20] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft uppattan\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 122 vi\u1ebft uppatan\u00e0, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft uppattamam. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb parivattan\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu parivatteyyam … \u1edf Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng i.7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

[21] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m II.1.9.<\/p>\n

[22] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Campeyya, s\u1ed1 506.<\/p>\n

[23] M\u00e3n x\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Camp\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Anga v\u00e0 Maggadha.<\/p>\n

[24] Dhammika \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 Dhammac\u00e0rin, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 126.<\/p>\n

[25] B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft ahikundika, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 130 vi\u1ebft -gunthika, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo -gun\u0111ika, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft Tundika.<\/p>\n

[26] Dhamac\u00e0rin, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng. 129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

[27] C\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch 130 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u00eclati b\u1eb1ng k\u00ecl\u00e0peti.<\/p>\n

[28] Ch\u1ed7 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vua Uggasena c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Bar\u00e0nas\u00ec.<\/p>\n

[29] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft yam so vannam cintayati n\u00eclapitam va lohitam, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft yam so vannam cintayati n\u00eclan ca p\u00ecta lohitam; b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft yam yam so vannam cintayi n\u00eclam va p\u00ectalohitam.<\/p>\n

[30] Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Dipankara, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 130f.<\/p>\n

[31] \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 131.<\/p>\n

[32] T\u00fac sanh Cullabodhi, s\u1ed1 443, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0la s\u1ed1 21.<\/p>\n

[33] Nekkhammam abhinikkhamim, “t\u00f4i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ee3 sanh t\u1eeb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i cho n\u00ean N\u00edp b\u00e0n th\u00ec g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1” b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 133<\/p>\n

[34] Dutiyik\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh… trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

[35] Nir\u00e0laya, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ed1ng \u00e0laya v\u1edbi tanh\u00e0, tham \u00e1i, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

[36] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 133 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00e0t\u00ecsu tanhabandhanassa chinnatt\u00e0, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n

[37] M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u0129.<\/p>\n

[38] T\u1eeb th\u00fa v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn chim ch\u00f3c, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[39] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft tuyh’ es\u00e0kassa bhariy\u00e0 (b\u1ea3n Colombo vi\u1ebft bh\u00e0riy\u00e0), b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 135, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon vi\u1ebft tuyhe s\u00e0k\u00e0? Kassa bhariy\u00e0? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a “c\u00f4 ta l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i – v\u1ee3 hay em g\u00e1i? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 ta l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c?”<\/p>\n

[40] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 135 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ta sau khi ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia. B\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

[41] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tass\u00e0, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon l\u00e0 tiss\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[42] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 cetake, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon d\u00f9ng cetake, b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, r\u00e0japurisa.<\/p>\n

[43] Odapattakiy\u00e0, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u00f4n sau khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 adapattik\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 135. M\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng iii. 140. Odapattakinn n\u00e0maudakapattani \u00e0masitva v\u00e0seti, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng ta cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e0 ta s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta. B\u1ea3ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng 555, nh\u00fang hai b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb chia x\u1ebb. M\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Vim\u00e0navatthu(73)<\/p>\n

[44] B\u1edfi l\u00fd do \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

[45] S\u00eclabbata, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 136.<\/p>\n

[46] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft n\u00e0s\u00e0di vaddhitumpari, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft n\u00e0d\u00e0sini vaddhitupari. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pari \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ‘pari, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch upari, uddhani.<\/p>\n

[47] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Mahisa s\u1ed1 278 in sai th\u00e0nh 275 \u1edf b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0la s\u1ed1 33.<\/p>\n

[48] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Vanac\u00e0rako, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 140. B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft pavanac\u00e0riko.<\/p>\n

[49] C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 d\u1ed1c; b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 140 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 olambak\u00e0sil\u00e0keitiya.<\/p>\n

[50] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[51] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 12 d\u00f9ng Kini twam makhesi kanapena… mani c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 anh x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u xa t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt, v.v… v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta gi\u1ea3i l\u00fd do \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

[52] Tato h\u00ecnatano bhave b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 142 d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, “Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n, lamakataro, con kh\u1ec9 ngu d\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t), con tr\u00e2u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u xa h\u01a1n con kh\u1ec9”<\/p>\n

[53] S\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[54] Con kh\u1ec9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[55] T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 143. Nh\u1eefng con tr\u00e2u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 con D\u1ea1-xoa (s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y) b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft con kh\u1ec9. Nh\u01b0ng con tr\u00e2u n\u00e0y, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a D\u1ea1-xoa, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1edbi D\u1ea1-xoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 10 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Mahisa.<\/p>\n

[56] Sahanto, ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 143 b\u1eb1ng khamanto.<\/p>\n

[57] \u00d0\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xa x\u00f4i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (c\u00f9ng trang s\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n

[58] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ruru s\u1ed1 482, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0la s\u1ed1 26. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u1edf Jatakastaya s\u1ed1 17. Xin xem th\u00eam Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p I, 292, n. 4.<\/p>\n

[59] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft Suttatta. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft Suta.<\/p>\n

[60] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 144, n\u00f3i paramasita – Sam\u00e0hita c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eadp trung t\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

[61] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft patati, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft papati.<\/p>\n

[62] \u1ede trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c anh ta.<\/p>\n

[63] Cajitv\u00e0, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hy sinh, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh.<\/p>\n

[64] Tassa, n\u00f3i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 146 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng tattha c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: v\u0103n t\u1ef1, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nadiyam. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd “g\u1ea7n con s\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n

[65] Sau hai ho\u1eb7c ba ng\u00e0y khi con nai \u0111\u00e3 cho anh ta \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

[66] “\u00d0\u1eebng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e0 vua ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1eb1ng con nai v\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 147.<\/p>\n

[67] Nimminim. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 150 vi\u1ebft tam parivattesini … tassa maranam niv\u00e0resini, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m II. 9. 7 thay th\u1ebf anh ta (b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i) Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u00fap anh ta tho\u00e1t ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

[68] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0tanga s\u1ed1 494. \u1ede b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 152 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00e0tangapandita.<\/p>\n

[69] C\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n; jh\u00e0na.<\/p>\n

[70] M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

[71] B\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

[72] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft Ee kuppeyyam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 157. B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo pakuppeyyam, b\u1ea3ng \u1edf Rangoon pakupeyyam.<\/p>\n

[73] V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ec3 n\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

[74] Duttha, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, x\u1ea5u xa, th\u01b0\u1eddng do b\u1edfi c\u01a1n gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u).<\/p>\n

[75] Trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 160 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, yoga m\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea9n s\u0129 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n s\u1ebd v\u1ee1 tan b\u1ea3y m\u1ea3nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. R\u1ed3i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t b\u1ec3 ra l\u00e0m b\u1ea3y m\u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

[76] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Dhamma, s\u1ed1 457. \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 202.<\/p>\n

[77] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft Dhamm\u00e0dhammadevaputtacariyam.<\/p>\n

[78] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft mah\u00e0yakho, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft mah\u00e0pakho, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 161 mahesakho, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng mah\u00e0pariv\u00e0ro.<\/p>\n

[79] M\u1ed9t devaputta t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi (k\u00e0m\u00e0vacara). Adhamma gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 devaputta t\u00e1i sinh c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, b\u1ea3ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 161f.<\/p>\n

[80] Dasakusalakammapatha, xem ph\u1ea7n I. 3, I, III. 14. 2.<\/p>\n

[81] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft p\u00e0vake, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 162, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 p\u00e0pake. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I.286f, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1eddi \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n IV.10 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang – akusalakammapatha c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 BCL “\u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi 10 lo\u1ea1i l\u1eeda” ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc p\u00e0vake v\u00e0 hai ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00ecpeti, nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

[82] S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 162 do \u0111\u00f3 gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u00e0sana, g\u1ea7n, k\u1ec1 b\u00ean (jambad\u00ecpa).<\/p>\n

[83] Samimh\u00e0ti sam\u00e0gat\u00e0 sammukh\u00ec bh\u00f9ta, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 163. H\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhau khi \u0111ang \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

[84] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 asma, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 2, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bhesma. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu assa v\u00e0 bhasma, Morris b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i P\u00e0li Text (JPTS) 1891 – 3, p. 10.<\/p>\n

[85] Xem n.7.<\/p>\n

[86] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pakuppeyyani b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon kup-.<\/p>\n

[87] Ph\u00e1t sinh khant\u00ecv\u00e0mett\u00e0 (nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi) hai \u0111\u1ed9, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 166.<\/p>\n

[88] C\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch t\u00e3vade ti tam khananneva, ngay \u1edf kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

[89] \u1ede nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i khi \u1edf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 at\u00ecte, Devadatta b\u1ecb dt\u1ea5 nu\u1ed1t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 222, 518. \u1ede T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Dhamma Adhamma, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y D\u1ea1-xoa hung \u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Devadatta. N\u0103m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 101, khi \u1edf hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, etarahi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u xa \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t nu\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Devadatta, xem Apad\u00e0na trang 300, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apad\u00e0. 121ff, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh i. 147ff.<\/p>\n

[90] Jayadissa – J\u00e0taka s\u1ed1 513.<\/p>\n

[91] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Jayaddisacariyam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Al\u00ecnasattu-, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo l\u00e0 Al\u00ecnassattu- v\u00e0 -satta.<\/p>\n

[92] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Kapill\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 167, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kapil\u00e0, in \u1edf Colombo l\u00e0 Kampil\u00e0. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kampilla.<\/p>\n

[93] Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/p>\n

[94] Sutadhama, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 nghe, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, bahussutt\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 168.<\/p>\n

[95] Trong s\u00e1ch. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

[96] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 anuttara-rarijjano, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng anuratta – parijano, hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 anurakkha – parijano, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, sangahavatthu (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea9m III. 14. 2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh ii 152, 232, Ap\u00e0dana ii 32) xem b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 168.<\/p>\n

[97] Con trai c\u1ee7a Yakkhinn, c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

[98] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m II. 6. 11.<\/p>\n

[99] Hitav\u00e0d\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u1ee3i \u00edch, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

[100] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Jayaddisa, t\u1eadp V, 33 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn con th\u1ecf nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda, xem \u1edf tr\u00ean I. 10.<\/p>\n

[101] Pit\u00e0maha, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean? K\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1eeda l\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 em trai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, v\u00e0 ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

[102] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Sankhap\u00e0la s\u1ed1 524.<\/p>\n

[103] Hai tr\u00ean , hai d\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 175.<\/p>\n

[104] Xem ph\u1ea9m II. 2. 3.<\/p>\n

[105] Bhojaputt\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng luddaputt\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 177, c\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n V. 172 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch “nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3”.<\/p>\n

[106] Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u to l\u1edbn Sas\u00e0gara, v\u1edbi bi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 178 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh.<\/p>\n

[107] Theo b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 178f, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh. C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I, 45, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. 60. b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apand\u00e0na 50 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

[108] V\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 sau, xem ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang XI.<\/p>\n

[109] Parikkh\u00e0r\u00e0 padesik\u00e0. Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 S1 (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u1edf trang 3 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cu\u1ed1i ph\u1ea9m I, II, III) \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Sankhap\u00e0la th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng sappades\u00e0, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p” ho\u1eb7c “s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi n\u00f3”, cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m I. 10. S3.<\/p>\n

[110] Yassa kassaci. \u00d0i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i trong b\u1ed9 kinh IV. 170 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m III – Xu\u1ea5t Gia \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

III.1 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Yudhanjaya[1] (Yudhanjayacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Yudhanjaya, m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y xao xuy\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u01a1i trong n\u1eafng \u1ea5m[2].<\/p>\n

2- Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Nh\u01b0 Lai xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

3- H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p tay l\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd van xin Nh\u01b0 Lai, “N\u00e0y con trai, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay con s\u1ebd g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c[3] gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n

4- Trong khi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua, cung n\u1eef, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1 quan trong tri\u1ec1u kh\u00f3c than th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft, Nh\u01b0 Lai xu\u1ea5t gia[4] m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

5- \u00d0\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngai v\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u v\u00e0 danh v\u1ecdng, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 n\u00f3[5].<\/p>\n

6- Cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai[6] th\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i qu\u00ed b\u00e1u h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

III.2 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Somanassa[7] (Somanassacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 Indapatta[8], Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Somanassa, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 mong m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t qu\u00ed b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t[9], c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u00f4n h\u00f2a, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m[10].<\/p>\n

3- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 gi\u1ea3 danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c[11] nh\u00e0 vua y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng ta s\u1ed1ng[12] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 hoa l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

4- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 danh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea5u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o[13], v\u00e0[14] m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecfi c\u1ee9ng Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

5- “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00ec sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c[15] h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e3 xa r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh tinh khi\u1ebft”.<\/p>\n

6- Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c l\u00e2n bang khu\u1ea5y[16] nhi\u1ec5u. Cha t\u00f4i \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

7- “N\u00e0y con y\u00eau d\u1ea5u, con \u0111\u1eebng l\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng ta l\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mong m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mong c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta”.<\/p>\n

8- Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y: “Nh\u01b0 Lai hy v\u1ecdng \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p[17], ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0[18] ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng[19]”.<\/p>\n

9- \u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 danh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m gi\u1eadn d\u1eef[20] r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “H\u00f4m nay[21] ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u01a1i ra kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y”<\/p>\n

10- Sau khi nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 danh, “Th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n k\u00ednh”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n x\u1ea5u xa n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua l\u00fd do sao ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

11- Khi nh\u00e0 vua nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta b\u00e8n ra l\u1ec7nh “H\u00e3y c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p[22] v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed[23] ra l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n m\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem” – \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u00fd khinh khi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00f3c b\u00edm.<\/p>\n

12- Do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh[24] hung \u00e1c, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f4i k\u00e9o Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

13- Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd “h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 vua – khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 Lai – Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua”.<\/p>\n

14- H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t v\u1ecb vua x\u1ea5u xa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 vua Nh\u01b0 Lai thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 nghe theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

15- Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 vua xin Nh\u01b0 Lai tha th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd giao l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn[25] tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c[26] v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

16- Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00e0ng qu\u00ed b\u00e1u h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

III.3 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ayoghara[27] (Ayogharacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a vua K\u00e0si l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft[28], Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ayoghara.<\/p>\n

2- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: “cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong n\u01a1i t\u00f9 t\u00fang[29], ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, con s\u1ebd n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y[30]<\/p>\n

3- C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n” \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4- “B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, cao qu\u00ed, trung l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c”.[31]<\/p>\n

5- C\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u1eadt hi h\u1eefu tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng hay m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

6- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u1eb1m trong b\u00e0o thai c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ecb n\u00e9m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 s\u1eaft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

7- N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa th\u00edch v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c[32] Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u xa nh\u1ea5t[33] trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u xa, v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u00e0n \u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

8- Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Nh\u01b0 Lai suy y\u1ebfu, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft tha \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u01a1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111e d\u1ecda Nh\u01b0 Lai “<\/p>\n

9- Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang k\u00eau g\u00e0o th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft[34], gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3[35] Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng r\u1eadm<\/p>\n

10- Cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng qu\u00ed h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c[36].<\/p>\n

III.4 H\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh hoa sen[37] (Bhisacariyam) [38]<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai sinh s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 huy ho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 K\u00e0si, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t em g\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y em trai[39] c\u00f9ng sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c[40].<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 anh c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c trong s\u1ea1ch. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i, Nh\u01b0 Lai hoan h\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

3- Cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u00e1o cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed m\u1eddi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “H\u00e3y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh”.<\/p>\n

4- B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1edf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng[41]<\/p>\n

5- R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, “N\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1t khao[42] \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa?”<\/p>\n

6- Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho Nh\u01b0 Lai, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1t khao c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n[43], “Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1t khao v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u01b0 Lai hoan h\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia”.<\/p>\n

7- Khi h\u1ecd nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o[44] v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 cha c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. M\u1eb9 cha Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: “Th\u01b0a qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i[45], t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3[46] ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t gia”.<\/p>\n

8- Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng em g\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y em trai v\u1edbi[47] b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng r\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

III.5 H\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Sona kh\u00f4n ngoan[48] (Sonapanditacariyam) [49]<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Brahmavaddhana[50] \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh cao qu\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2- R\u1ed3i ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i[51], t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o da th\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n

3- Sau khi tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1ea5u xa, r\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y “Khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd v\u00e0o r\u1eebng”.<\/p>\n

4- R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng[52] m\u1eddi[53] Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1t khao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, “\u0111\u1eebng m\u1eddi Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y”<\/p>\n

5- Em trai c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Nanda m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng theo s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c[54] c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui khi xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n

6- Nh\u01b0 Lai Sona v\u00e0 Nanda c\u00f9ng cha m\u1eb9, ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng r\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Yuvanjaya s\u1ed1 460.<\/p>\n

[2] B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 183.<\/p>\n

[3] Mah\u00e0mahim, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

[4] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 184 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hi pabbajim, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 parivajjim, b\u1ecf \u0111i “hi”.<\/p>\n

[5] Ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 185.<\/p>\n

[6] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh b\u1ecf. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu III. 3. 10 n\u01a1i Nh\u01b0 Lai, v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai, x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

[7] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Somanassa s\u1ed1 505.<\/p>\n

[8] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Indapatthe, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 186, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft -patte.<\/p>\n

[9] \u00d0\u1ee9c tin, nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 … b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 186.<\/p>\n

[10] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m II. 9. 2n.<\/p>\n

[11] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e0si, hai b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ahosi.<\/p>\n

[12] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 so j\u00ecvati, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon b\u1ecf so.<\/p>\n

[13] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 190, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft tan-, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft atandulam.<\/p>\n

[14] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, hai b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng ca, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng d\u00f9ng va.<\/p>\n

[15] Dhamma.<\/p>\n

[16] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ahosi, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft ahu.<\/p>\n

[17] Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, kusala, \u1edf th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 191.<\/p>\n

[18] Somanassa tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng ta t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n rau qu\u1ea3, pan\u1ecbika, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 190.<\/p>\n

[19] V\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 tinh vi ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng trong s\u00e1ch 191. V\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n s\u0129. H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e0hariyyatu, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 -\u00ecyatu.<\/p>\n

[20] \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng”, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[21] Th\u1eddi gian khi nh\u00e0 vua s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 (c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n

[22] Tatth’eva \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u00f4ng ta g\u1eb7p anh ta (B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t) c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

[23] Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n

[24] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tatth’ak\u00e0runika, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 191, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon d\u00f9ng tatthak\u00e0ranik\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[25] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e0layetv\u00e0, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft d\u00e0layitv\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 194. B\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e0layitv\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[26] Do \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a tham d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 194.<\/p>\n

[27] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ayoghara s\u1ed1 510, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 32.<\/p>\n

[28] Ayoghara. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i phi nh\u00e2n, D\u1ea1-xoa n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 195f.<\/p>\n

[29] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pati posito, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 patiposito. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 197 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sampite b\u1eb1ng samb\u00e0dhe.<\/p>\n

[30] Vasudh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[31] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo Saha \u0129\u00e3tibhi, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon Saka \u0129\u00e3tibhi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng saka n\u00e0tith\u00ec ti sakehi n\u00e0tihi sammo – dam\u00e0n\u00e0 visitth\u00e0 (th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng. w. r) anukkanthit\u00e0. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu I. 9. 56n.<\/p>\n

[32] Rajjesu, rajje \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 197<\/p>\n

[33] Uttama, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 nih\u00ecnatama, c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

[34] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 198 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 viravantam mah\u00e0janani, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon – vante – jane<\/p>\n

[35] B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u00e1 tan xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[36] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m III, I. 6 ph\u1ea9m III. 2. 16<\/p>\n

[37] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Bhisi s\u1ed1 488. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 19. Khi v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Mah\u00e0kancana (B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh ch\u1ecb em c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n s\u0129, b\u1edfi l\u00fd do Mah\u00e0kancana chia x\u1ebb tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u00e1i \u1edf trong r\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u0103n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng tai \u01b0\u01a1ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0nh hoa sen bhisa.<\/p>\n

[38] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 200 Mah\u00e0kancana.<\/p>\n

[39] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon th\u00eam ca.<\/p>\n

[40] \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 200 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn sotthiya, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi udita, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[41] Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0m tai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3ng b\u1eebng l\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng l\u00ean khi c\u00e0y su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

[42] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 patthayasi, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft yase 7. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng latinh, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft atthak\u00e0mo, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo -k\u00e0ma, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 202 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 attha-, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i attak\u00e0mo ti attan atthak\u00e0mo… atthak\u00e0mo ti pi p\u00e0ti.<\/p>\n

[43] C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft atthak\u00e0mo, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo -k\u00e0ma, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 202 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 atta-, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i attak\u00e0mo ti attan atthak\u00e0mo… atthak\u00e0mo ti pi p\u00e0ti.<\/p>\n

[44] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 202 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00e0veyyu\u01b0, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, v\u00e0 Rangoon l\u00e0 sav\u00e0yu\u01b0<\/p>\n

[45] Bho, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

[46] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 va.<\/p>\n

[47] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo b\u1ecf ca<\/p>\n

[48] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Sona-Nanda s\u1ed1 532<\/p>\n

[49] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 209, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Sona- T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 sona-<\/p>\n

[50] T\u00ean c\u0169 c\u1ee7a B\u00e0ranas\u00ec, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n IV. 119<\/p>\n

[51] Do thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 211, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh -otthatam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft -tam<\/p>\n

[52] Tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m III. 3. Nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o sanh b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

[53] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft nimantimsu, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo -temsum<\/p>\n

[54] Trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi… b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m III – Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

III.6 H\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Temya kh\u00f4n ngoan[1] (Temyapanditacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a vua K\u00e0si v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u00e0gapakkha[2], nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Temiya[3]<\/p>\n

2- Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ng\u00e0n cung phi m\u0129 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua ch\u01b0a ai sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con trai[4]. Sau nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra.<\/p>\n

3- Tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ecdng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng che ch\u1edf Nh\u01b0 Lai. Cha Nh\u01b0 Lai nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai y\u00eau d\u1ea5u, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

4- Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u1ee9c d\u1eady sau khi ng\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby r\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i l\u1ecdng b\u1ecb phai m\u00e0u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ea3i \u0111i chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i[5].<\/p>\n

5- Th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u00e1t sinh n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i gh\u00ea g\u1edbm. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh “Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra[6] n\u01a1i n\u00e0y[7] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o[8]?”<\/p>\n

6- M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[9], mong mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, b\u00e8n khuy\u00ean Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1ec1 ba c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed[10]<\/p>\n

7- “Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb th\u00f4ng minh[11] h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u00f9ng \u0111i\u00ean[12], \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh khi ng\u00e0i – nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng[13]”<\/p>\n

8- [14]Khi nghe xong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e0 ta: “Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 b\u00e0[15] \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. B\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc ao Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.”<\/p>\n

9- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ta Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. H\u00e2n hoan, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed, Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft tu\u00e2n theo ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

10- Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ebfc v\u00e0 qu\u00e8 qu\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i[16]. Nh\u01b0 Lai quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng theo ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y trong m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

11- Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd s\u1edd n\u1eafn tay ch\u00e2n, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 m\u1eaft[17] c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o v\u00e0 cho ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh[18].<\/p>\n

12- R\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u1ee9[19], nh\u1eefng quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i Nh\u01b0 Lai sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

13- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nghe nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m h\u00e2n hoan, vui v\u1ebb v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n

14- Sau khi t\u1eafm r\u1eeda cho Nh\u01b0 Lai, xoa d\u1ea7u cho Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u0111eo cho Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u[20], sau khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1nh cho Nh\u01b0 Lai, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 l\u1ecdng che.<\/p>\n

15- Gi\u1eef n\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u00ean cao trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y khi thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0a Nh\u01b0 Lai ra kh\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfc xe ng\u1ef1a, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

16- Gi\u1eef chi\u1ebfc xe ng\u1ef1a l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe ng\u1ef1a cho con ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t[21], ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

17- Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft[22] gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c[23], Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf[24] quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

18- \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai[25] cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng qu\u00ed h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3[26].<\/p>\n

19- Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 [27]Lai \u1edf s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00f9gapakkha s\u1ed1 538 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Temiya<\/p>\n

[2] M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u1eadt<\/p>\n

[3] V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a r\u00e0o l\u1edbn l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1ea9m \u00f4ng ta, temiya<\/p>\n

[4] M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Pumo th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 216 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con g\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

[5] C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua r\u1ea5t t\u00e0n \u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Niraya (h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c). B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 218 n\u00eau ra tato tatiye attabh\u00e0ve aham niraye gato, \u1edf t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 ba t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c. Ba t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch “\u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng” n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n VI. 2<\/p>\n

[6] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft muccissam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 218 munceyyam, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft muncissam.<\/p>\n

[7] V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[8] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft kad\u00e0ham, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Kath\u00e0ham, khi n\u00e0o Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd?<\/p>\n

[9] M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

[10] \u00d0\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb t\u00e0n \u00e1c, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 219.<\/p>\n

[11] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft pandiccam, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pandiccayam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 219 n\u00f3i “ho\u1eb7c pandiccam n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc”<\/p>\n

[12] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft bahumatam sapp\u00e0nimam, hai b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n VI. 4 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u00e0lamato bhava sabba p\u00e0ninam,<\/p>\n

[13] Tava’om, \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh.<\/p>\n

[14] Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 8 – 11 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon.<\/p>\n

[15] Tvam, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 mam.<\/p>\n

[16] Gativivajjito, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

[17] \u00d0\u1ec3 th\u1eed xem B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ebfc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

[18] K\u00e0lakan\u00ec, c\u00f3 tai m\u00e0u \u0111en. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh iii. 31, 38 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ng\u1eef bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

[19] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft janapad\u00e0, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 j\u00e0na-<\/p>\n

[20] Vethev\u00e0 r\u00e0javethanam, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 223.<\/p>\n

[21] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft hatthamuncitam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo vi\u1ebft -muncito, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon muccito.<\/p>\n

[22] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh tajjanto, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft ento.<\/p>\n

[23] Tham kh\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u kinh di\u1ec5n kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i cho t\u1edbi khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16 tu\u1ed5i, xem l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 10.<\/p>\n

[24] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vatam, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng tam.<\/p>\n

[25] \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m I. 8. 16, ph\u1ea9m III. I. 6.<\/p>\n

[26] M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 46. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. 61. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apand\u00e0na. 51, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc na (pi) me dessam mah\u00e0yassam, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang (ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn lao ti\u1ebfp theo) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n (Nh\u01b0 Lai) t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 att\u00e0 na me ca dessiyo.<\/p>\n

[27] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft “nh\u00e9t t\u00f4i (Nh\u01b0 Lai)”, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00e2m lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 \u1edf ph\u1ea9m III. 7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m III. 9. 14.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m III – Ch\u00e2n Th\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

III.7 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u01a1ng[28] (Kapir\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng trong hang \u1edf khe c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1edd s\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1[29] s\u1ea5u \u0111e d\u1ecda, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o[30]<\/p>\n

2- \u1ede n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9ng[31] \u1edf b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng kia[32], \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9[33], m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng gh\u00ea s\u1ee3[34].<\/p>\n

3- N\u00f3 n\u00f3i[35] v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai: “N\u00e0o”. “Ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y[36]” Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i[37] v\u1edbi n\u00f3. B\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111i qua[38] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd b\u00ean kia.<\/p>\n

4- L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh[39]. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai – \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

III. 8 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Sacca kh\u00f4n ngoan[40] (Saccasavhayapanditacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea9n d\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sacca[41], Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7[42] th\u1ebf gian b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft[43].<\/p>\n

III.9 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a chim c\u00fat con [44] (Vattapotakacariyam) [45]<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 con chim c\u00fat con \u1edf Magadha, ch\u01b0a m\u1ecdc c\u00e1nh, v\u1eeba m\u1edbi sinh, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5c th\u1ecbt trong t\u1ed5,<\/p>\n

2- M\u1eb9 Nh\u01b0 Lai nu\u00f4i Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n, b\u00e0 ta mang trong m\u1ecf, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1edbm m\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

3- H\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o m\u00f9a n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng[46] b\u1eebng l\u00ean, khi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda lan d\u1ea7n[47] \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

4- \u00d0\u00e1m ch\u00e1y kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp[48] t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh r\u0103ng r\u1eafc (dh\u00f9ma dh\u00f9ma)[49], m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ph\u1eebng ph\u1eebng lan d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

5- Cha m\u1eb9 ta s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp[50], b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i ta trong \u1ed5, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

6- Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng[51] d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i[52] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3[53] Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

7- \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, run s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u00f4m nay?<\/p>\n

8- \u1ede th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bao dung. [54]B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd long tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

9- Suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o[55] s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai long trong x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

10- “C\u00f3 c\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bay, c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i[56]. Cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i. J\u00e0taveda[57] l\u1eeda t\u00e0n d\u1ea7n “<\/p>\n

11- Nh\u01b0 Lai long tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp[58] \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f9i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i 16 kar\u00ecsas[59] v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y[60] g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai – \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

III.10 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng[61] (Macchar\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0m vua c\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a n\u1eafng[62], d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

2- R\u1ed3i sao \u0111\u00f3 con qu\u1ea1, con di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con c\u00f2 con \u00f3[63] ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0103n c\u00e1[64] ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n

3- \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, Nh\u01b0 Lai ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: “b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

4- Sau khi xem x\u00e9t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p[65], Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

5- Sau khi ghi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt[66], \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t, Nh\u01b0 Lai long trong x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t trong th\u1ebf gian:<\/p>\n

6- “Mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn[67] ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt. B\u1edfi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vua tr\u1eddi[68] cho m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

7- S\u1ea5m s\u00e9t (pajjunna)! Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kho b\u00e1u v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00f2[69], l\u00e0m[70] lo\u00e0i c\u00f2 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho lo\u00e0i c\u00e1[71] tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn”<\/p>\n

8- V\u00e0 ngay sau khi long tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, vua tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t, v\u00e0 trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1eadp v\u00f9ng cao v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p[72]<\/p>\n

9- Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c[73] t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cao qu\u00ed, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u01b0a gh\u00ea g\u1edbm \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai – \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

III.11 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Kanhad\u00ecp\u00e0yana[74] (Kanhad\u00ecp\u00e0yanacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kanhad\u00ecp\u00e0yana[75], Nh\u01b0 Lai b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i[76] h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m<\/p>\n

2- Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu b\u1edfi v\u00ec[77] Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ai h\u1ebft; s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

3- M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n[78] b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mandabya, b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y[79] \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

4- Sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y Nh\u01b0 Lai ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Lai xin ph\u00e9p[80] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n d\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

5- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111em v\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng con trai nh\u1ecf – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

6- Trong l\u00fac Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ng\u1ed3i \u1edf trong c\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e9m tr\u00e1i banh[81] l\u00e0m con r\u1eafn gi\u1eadn d\u1eef[82].<\/p>\n

7- R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00e1i banh l\u0103n, tay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

8- Do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 con r\u1eafn gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u1edbi n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u00f3 c\u1eafn v\u00e0o tay \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

9- Khi \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 b\u1ecb con r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1eafn[83], n\u00f3 ng\u00e3 l\u0103n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0, do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111au bu\u1ed3n; n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9[84] \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 l\u00e0m cho Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y[85] kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n

10- Nh\u01b0 Lai an \u1ee7i v\u00e0 chia x\u1ebb n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan trong h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai long tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

11- [86]”Ch\u1ec9 trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh, mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[87] trong 50 n\u0103m v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa[88].<\/p>\n

12- Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh[89], ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ecb ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 Yannadatta[90] s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i”.<\/p>\n

13- Nh\u01b0 Lai long tr\u1ecdng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m run r\u1ea9y, t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

III.12 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Sutasoma[91] (Sutasomacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa khi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sutasoma, b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u1eaft gi\u1eef Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u1ee9a l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a[92] c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n

2- Sau khi x\u1ecf x\u00e2u[93] treo m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed tr\u00ean c\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4[94], \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u01b0a Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0m v\u1eadt hi sinh.<\/p>\n

3- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n th\u1ecbt h\u1ecfi Nh\u01b0 Lai: “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng[95]? Ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m theo \u00fdth\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ta”.<\/p>\n

4- Sau khi h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n th\u1ecbt Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, r\u1ed3i Nh\u01b0 Lai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

5- Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo, Nh\u01b0 Lai trao l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u sang cho v\u1ecb B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

6- Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai hay kh\u00f4ng. \u00d0\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 hi sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9[96].<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[28] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n V\u00e0narinda s\u1ed1 57. B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u XIV gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 208, BCL v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 250.<\/p>\n

[29] Sumsum\u00e0ra. \u1ede c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp kumbhila.<\/p>\n

[30] C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f9 lao tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng \u1edf chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u mu\u1ed1n \u0103n tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a con kh\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi con kh\u1ec9 (B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t) l\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft kh\u1ec9, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf r\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 \u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

[31] Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 229.<\/p>\n

[32] R\u1ed3i con kh\u1ec9 s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00f3 sinh s\u1ed1ng (c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n

[33] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon) vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 satthu nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sattu.<\/p>\n

[34] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft ruddadassana, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ludda-<\/p>\n

[35] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 230. B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft asanisi, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1, \u00e0sinisi.<\/p>\n

[36] Gi\u1eef l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/p>\n

[37] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vadi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vadini.<\/p>\n

[38] Patitthahim, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

[39] \u1ede T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Sunisum\u00e0ra s\u1ed1 208 v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n V\u00e0nara s\u1ed1 342, con kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

[40] D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, BCL \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 73.<\/p>\n

[41] Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang P\u00e0li (DPPN= Dictionary of P\u00e0li Proper Name)<\/p>\n

[42] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 231, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 palesim, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo l\u00e0 p\u00e0lemi.<\/p>\n

[43] Samagga, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 232 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y tai h\u1ecda \u1edf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00edch th\u00fa t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t,v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111i xu\u1ea5t gia, (kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia), ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00fang, t\u00f9y theo c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u0103n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, thi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

[44] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n vattaka s\u1ed1 35, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 16.<\/p>\n

[45] Vattakar\u00e0jacariyam \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 233.<\/p>\n

[46] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 davad\u00e0ho, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo -dh\u00e0ho.<\/p>\n

[47] P\u00e0vaka, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

[48] Sikhin, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdn (l\u1eeda).<\/p>\n

[49] “Kh\u00f3i” b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e2m thanh dhama dhama. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng”. \u00d0\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m I. 10. 16.<\/p>\n

[50] Aggi.<\/p>\n

[51] Pajah\u00e0mi. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 234 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng pas\u00e0remi iriy\u00e0mi vay\u00e0mi, th\u00e0mi, pat\u00ech\u00e0mi kh\u00e1c, “Nh\u01b0 Lai chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 veh\u00e0sagamanayogge k\u00e0tum\u00ecth\u00e0mi.<\/p>\n

[52] Agatika, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

[53] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft “b\u1edfi v\u00ec Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ra Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1u do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, tattha (\u1edf \u0111\u00f3) l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong r\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3… ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong t\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

[54] Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 8 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua 11 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i. 214f.<\/p>\n

[55] Avass\u00e0ya, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 214 apa-<\/p>\n

[56] N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 235.<\/p>\n

[57] T\u00ean d\u00f9ng cho agni, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, j\u00e0ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, vediyati, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y r\u1ef1c, do \u0111\u00f3 j\u00e0taveda”.<\/p>\n

[58] Sikhin, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdn (l\u1eeda).<\/p>\n

[59] M\u1ed9t kar\u00ecsa d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t vu\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n m\u1eabu. Xem Rhys Davis, s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n xu c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a T\u00edch Lan trang 18. T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 172, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Vattaka, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t trong (ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Vattaka.<\/p>\n

[60] S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Sikhin, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. J\u00e0taveda, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f3 \u0111u\u1ed1c b\u1ecb nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

[61] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Maccha s\u1ed1 75, BCL \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 34, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 15.<\/p>\n

[62] Unho, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 m\u00f9a n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

[63] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bak\u00e0, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon l\u00e0 kank\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[64] Con c\u00e1 chui v\u00e0o trong b\u00f9n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

[65] Dhammatha, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh n\u01a1i Dhamana; m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng dhammabh\u00f9tam attham Dhammato v\u00e0 anapetam attham, “\u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Ho\u1eb7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xa r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p”<\/p>\n

[66] \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 238.<\/p>\n

[67] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Vihimsitam, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pihini- m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n IV. 142 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Trung b\u1ed9 II. 103.<\/p>\n

[68] \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 megha (c\u01a1n b\u00e3o) \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 238. T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 332 \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 kinh 81, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m, th\u1ea7n m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

[69] M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 K\u00e0la \u1edf s\u1ed1 \u00edt, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7y qu\u1ea1, k\u00e0lasamgha, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 238f.<\/p>\n

[70] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 rundhehi, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon v\u00e0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 332 vi\u1ebft ran- \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u1edf b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo.<\/p>\n

[71] Macche b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 239 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i (Nh\u01b0 Lai); n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 manca, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i: “h\u00e3y tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i”<\/p>\n

[72] \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 kinh I. 100 \u1edf b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 kinh, \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 332 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a kh\u1eafp x\u1ee9 Kasala.<\/p>\n

[73] Katv\u00e0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi viriyam uttamam \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 240.<\/p>\n

[74] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Kanhad\u00ecp\u00e0yana s\u1ed1 444.<\/p>\n

[75] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 241 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 D\u00ecp\u00e0yana, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111en khi ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ng\u00e0i, Mandabya b\u1ecb c\u1eafm tr\u00ean c\u1ecdc nh\u1ecdn, m\u00e1u \u0111ang nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean D\u00ecpayana ng\u01b0\u1eddi M.<\/p>\n

[76] Anabhirati, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu BD (Book of Discipline) c\u1ee7a I. B. Horner. 1, 114, 192.<\/p>\n

[77] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 pi, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 242. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon l\u00e0 hi.<\/p>\n

[78] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft aratimme ratim\u00e0nase. T\u00f4i theo H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon l\u00e0 arit me carait m\u00e0nase, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng mama m\u00e0nase citte arati pavattati.<\/p>\n

[79] Trong m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 mun \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ebft con ru\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

[80] \u00c0pucchati th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ai ban m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Mandabya \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1c cho D\u00ecpayana v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

[81] Ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 genduka, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 246.<\/p>\n

[82] Qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng l\u0103n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m con r\u1eafn n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda trong, \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

[83] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ativ\u00ecsena, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 246, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft \u00e0s\u00ec.<\/p>\n

[84] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

[85] V\u00e0hasi, “n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i”, c\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

[86] C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 11, 12 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n IV. 31.<\/p>\n

[87] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft mama yidam, H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon mamedam.<\/p>\n

[88] C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ii, 151. \u1ede DAT. II. 236 sam\u00e0dhik\u00e0ni, “v\u00e0 th\u00eam n\u1eefa” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ekena vassena, m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 51 n\u0103m. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

[89] Etena saccena suvatthi hotu, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ANgulim\u00e0la \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p ii. 103, tena saccena sotthi hotu.<\/p>\n

[90] T\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[91] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Mah\u00e0sutasoma s\u1ed1 537, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n M\u00e0l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 31.<\/p>\n

[92] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft Sankara, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 251, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n V. 481 vi\u1ebft Sangara.<\/p>\n

[93] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y th\u1eebng x\u1ecf x\u00e2u qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 treo h\u1ecd tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

[94] Sampamil\u00e0petv\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng pamil\u00e0petv\u00e0, h\u00e9o kh\u00f4, visosetv\u00e0, b\u1ecb l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o, khed\u00e0petv\u00e0, tra t\u1ea5n. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c mil, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ml\u00e0, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li Anh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn? Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu pamil\u00e0ta \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 303, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

[95] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 254 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nissajjam, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nissajam, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

[96] T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 537, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I. 46, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ap\u00e0dana 51 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, paramatthap\u00e0ram\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 60 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 es\u00e0 me saccap\u00e0ram\u00ec.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m III – T\u1eeb T\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

III.13 H\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Suvannas\u00e0ma[97] (Suvannas\u00e0macariyam) [98]<\/h4>\n

1- Khi \u1edf trong r\u1eebng Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 S\u00e0ma do l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch[99], Nh\u01b0 Lai r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb cho lo\u00e0i s\u01b0 t\u1eed, c\u1ecdp \u1edf trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong r\u1eebng, \u1edf xung quanh c\u00f3 s\u01b0 t\u1eed, c\u1ecdp, beo[100], g\u1ea5u, tr\u00e2u r\u1eebng, nai v\u00e0 l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

3- Kh\u00f4ng lo\u00e0i th\u00fa n\u00e0o s\u1ee3[101] Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m[102] cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u00e0i th\u00fa[103] n\u00e0o s\u1ee3; Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa th\u00edch \u1edf trong r\u1eebng[104].<\/p>\n

III.14 H\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Ekar\u00e0ja[105] (Ekar\u00e0jacariyam)<\/h4>\n

1- L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ekar\u00e0ja, r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111ang h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh cao qu\u00ed[106], Nh\u01b0 Lai cai tr\u1ecb[107] m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n

2- Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n[108], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m[109]<\/p>\n

3- Trong l\u00fac Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang tinh t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i vua x\u1ee9 Kosala[110] \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n chinh ph\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[111]<\/p>\n

4- Thu gom to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n[112] Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1[113]<\/p>\n

5- Trong khi vua x\u1ee9 Kosala b\u1eaft gi\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u00e0ng cung c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai[114], th\u1eadm ch\u00ed Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a con trai y\u00eau d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[97] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n S\u00e0ma s\u1ed1 540, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadp kinh ii 209, v\u00e0 J\u00e0takastava, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n 44, S\u00e0ma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p 123, 198.<\/p>\n

[98] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 258 S\u00e0mapanditacariyam.<\/p>\n

[99] Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra do l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

[100] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft d\u00ecpehi, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft d\u00ecp\u00echi.<\/p>\n

[101] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft uttassati, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 260. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon, Colombo vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 uttassi.<\/p>\n

[102] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 napi, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo vi\u1ebft napi’ham.<\/p>\n

[103] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 260, s\u00fac sinh, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9, phi nh\u00e2n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 s\u0103n.<\/p>\n

[104] L\u1eddi k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I, 47. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb bi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui cho \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ekaraja; c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ap\u00e0d\u00e0na 51, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n S\u00e0ma, v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ekar\u00e0ja. Xem ph\u1ea9m III. 14. n. 1.<\/p>\n

[105] T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Ekar\u00e0ja s\u1ed1 303 \u1edf DPPN, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i. 47. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (ph\u1ea9m III. 13) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y (h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y) \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u1ede b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ap\u00e0d\u00e0na 51 th\u00ec n\u00f3 cao qu\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n S\u00e0ma.<\/p>\n

[106] Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

[107] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 264 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch pas\u00e0s\u00e0mi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 anus\u00e0s\u00e0mi. Nh\u01b0 Lai cai qu\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 rajjam k\u00e0remi, Nh\u01b0 Lai cai tr\u1ecb, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c K\u00e0si.<\/p>\n

[108] Nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea9m I. 3, 1; ph\u1ea9m II. 8, 2.<\/p>\n

[109] Xem ph\u1ea9m II. 9. 2.n.<\/p>\n

[110] Vua Kosala.<\/p>\n

[111] B\u00e0r\u00e0nasi, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u00e0si<\/p>\n

[112] H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft nikkhani, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 266 vi\u1ebft nikhan\u00ec, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Colombo vi\u1ebft nikhani, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon nikhan\u00ec.<\/p>\n

[113] K\u00e0su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u00e0v\u00e0ta \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam “cao \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5” -K\u00e0su c\u00f9ng \u1edf ph\u1ea9m II. I. 30.<\/p>\n

[114] Antepura l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u00f4, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng cung, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cung phi m\u1ef9 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n gia.<\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ea9m III – X\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

III.15 Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao qu\u00ed phi th\u01b0\u1eddng[115] (Mahalomahamsacaryam)<\/h4>\n

1- [116]Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u1eb1m trong ngh\u0129a trang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o[117] b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m tr\u1ebb con nh\u00e0 qu\u00ea[118] \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

2- Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a kh\u00e1c mang l\u1ea1i cho Nh\u01b0 Lai nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m v\u00f2ng hoa[119] v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hoan h\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

3- Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb g\u00e2y cho[120] Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a kh\u00e1c \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac – \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eed t\u1ebf hay gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn[121] \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

4- Sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3[122]. Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eabn an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9[123]<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft[124]<\/p>\n

1 (6)- Yudhanjana, Somanassa, Ayoghasa v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0nh hoa sen[125], Sonananda, M\u00f9gapakkha, h\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sacca.<\/p>\n

2 (6)- Chin c\u00fat v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i Kanhad\u00ecp\u00e0yana, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Sutasoma, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 S\u00e0ma v\u00e0 Ekar\u00e0j\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec6 K\u1ebeT TH\u00daC<\/h4>\n

1 (7)- Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1edf nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp[126] kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao.<\/p>\n

2 (8)- Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed[127], \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ed9, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao.<\/p>\n

3 (9)- Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9[128], sau khi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

4 (10)- Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cao qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n

5 (11)- \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3[129], k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng[130] v\u00e0 ch\u00ea bai – \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau[131], Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao,<\/p>\n

6 (12)- Sau khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cho vi\u1ec7c tinh t\u1ea5n – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt[132].<\/p>\n

7 (13)- Sau khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0[133] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn[134] l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i[135] – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

8 (14)- Sau khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang l\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c, tu t\u1eadp b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o[136] – \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 vua \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y[137] minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi v\u0103n trau chu\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt[138].<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[115] S\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00ed n\u00e0y (cariya) v\u1edbi T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Lomahamsa s\u1ed1 94 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi ng\u1edd. Xem ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang VIII<\/p>\n

[116] \u1ede T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n i.47. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61. B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apad\u00e0na 51 l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb cariy\u00e0pitaka \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 kinh i.79 \u1edf kinh Mah\u00e0sihan\u00e0da, s\u1ed1 12 t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef t\u00e2m x\u1ea3”. \u1ede cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean N\u00e0gasam\u00e0la r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng khi nghe b\u00e0i kinh v\u1ecb n\u00e0yph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “t\u00f3c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng” (ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t). S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt Lomahanisanapariya. Xem ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang VIII, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 10 T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Horner, London, 1957. L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang XXI.<\/p>\n

[117] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nidh\u00e0ya, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Rangoon v\u00e0 Colombo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng 61, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apad\u00e0na 51 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 upanidh\u00e0ya; b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 269 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i g\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai; 276, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I, 79 (b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n xu\u00f4i). T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I, 47 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 upadh\u00e0ya.<\/p>\n

[118] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n \u1edf Rangoon vi\u1ebft gamandala; b\u1ea3ng H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n I, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Apad\u00e0na (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn) nh\u1eefng “n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n”<\/p>\n

[119] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo vi\u1ebft gandhan ca m\u00e0lan ca, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon vi\u1ebft gandham\u00e0lan ca.<\/p>\n

[120] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Colombo, vi\u1ebft upadahanti, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 270, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon vi\u1ebft upaharanti.<\/p>\n

[121] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft dayakopo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft day\u00e0kopo.<\/p>\n

[122] Yasesu ayasesu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng kitt\u00ecsu nind\u00e0su \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 270.<\/p>\n

[123] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo upekkh\u00e0p\u00e0ram\u00ec niddeso nitthito, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng Rangoon upekkhavaggo tatiyo.<\/p>\n

[124] \u1ede s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 10 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, xem ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang I. L\u1eddi k\u1ec7 4- (10).<\/p>\n

[125] Bhisena, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 271 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Mah\u00e0kancana, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u00e0nh cho s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00ed n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea9m III, 4.<\/p>\n

[126] Bhav\u00e0bhave, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 272, trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 ho\u1eb7c to l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i, c\u0169ng xem b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 20.<\/p>\n

[127] D\u00e0tabbakani, l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 (8)-(14) c\u0169ng \u1edf Apad\u00e0na trang 5-6 l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 69-75 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u1eddi th\u01a1 M.<\/p>\n

[128] Ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 274. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o trong ba \u0111\u1ed9 (h\u1ea1nh) c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cao qu\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u1edf H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

[129] Yas\u00e0yase, xem ph\u1ea9m III. 15. 4.<\/p>\n

[130] \u00d0\u1ecdc Samm\u00e0- v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 275, hai b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh sam\u00e0-<\/p>\n

[131] \u0110\u1ecdc Samako v\u1edbi trong s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sam\u00e0no.<\/p>\n

[132] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng in \u1edf Rangoon, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 333 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 6 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 buddh\u00e0nus\u00e0san\u00ec, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 333, 335 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 7, 8 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 -\u00e0na-.<\/p>\n

[133] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 333 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y ra viv\u00e0da, s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh, c\u1ea3i c\u1ecd, xem v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng ii 89, Trung b\u1ed9 iii 246, Trung b\u1ed9 ii 245; Apad\u00e0na iii 334.<\/p>\n

[134] B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb (S\u00e0r\u00e0n\u00ecyadhama v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Trung b\u1ed9 kinh 245 Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I. 332. Apad\u00e0na iii 288) l\u00e0m cho \u0111i s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

[135] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh akhil\u00e0, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo, Rangoon vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sakhil\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 muduhaday\u00e0.<\/p>\n

[136] B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng La tinh vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bhave atthan-, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 334, b\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf Colombo v\u00e0 Rangoon, Apad\u00e0na trang 6 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 75 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bh\u00e0veth’atthan-<\/p>\n

[137] Ittham sudam, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 335 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng sudam ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ittham c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0”m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 4 a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3” xen b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 2, l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 16; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

[138] Budh\u00e0pad\u00e0niya, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c cho H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt (kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, adhikiccappavattatt\u00e0 (t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng \u1edf Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o 450) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gotama. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp trong H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u1edf ki\u1ebfp Bhadda n\u00e0y (Hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfp) (xem ph\u1ea9m I. 2 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng 20) xem ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trang Vif. X.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u0101pi\u1e6daka) d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: T\u1ef3 kheo Thi\u1ec7n Minh *** L\u1eddi N\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea7u B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u00e0pitaka - CP) b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 B.C Law (BCL) xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf SBB, b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 9 n\u0103m 1938, mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp \"Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh\" (The collection of the [...]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[109],"tags":[95],"yoast_head":"\nH\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u0101pi\u1e6daka) d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/hanh-tang-dich-tu-tieng-anh-171388.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u1ea1nh T\u1ea1ng (Cariy\u0101pi\u1e6daka) d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh - 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