{"id":171412,"date":"2019-08-01T11:26:28","date_gmt":"2019-08-01T04:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/?p=171412"},"modified":"2019-10-04T21:49:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-04T14:49:27","slug":"vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong-171412.html","title":{"rendered":"Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p – B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p – B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: T\u00e2m An – Minh Tu\u1ec7<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

C\u00f4 T\u00e2m An c\u00f3 cho t\u00f4i xem t\u1eadp “Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t” d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh “Points of Controversy” – d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n P\u0101li “Kath\u0101vatthu”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 7 t\u1eadp thu\u1ed9c “Abhidhamma Pi\u1e6daka” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p hay Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p. T\u1eadp n\u00e0y theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (Therav\u0101da) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0o n\u0103m 246 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua A D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp, v\u1eeba ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (Therav\u0101da) v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u1eadp n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 d\u00e0nh cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, T\u0103ng ni, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m (Abhidhamma). T\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m An v\u00e0 Minh Tu\u1ec7, t\u00e1n th\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a hai Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T.P H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ng\u00e0y 11-03-1987<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 Kheo TH\u00cdCH MINH CH\u00c2U.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

B\u1ed9 Kathavatthu d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t” (Points of Controversy) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m trong b\u1ea3y b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng P\u0101li t\u1ea1ng [*].<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggaliputta Tissa th\u1eddi vua A D\u1ee5c, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ea1i Palalipputta v\u00e0o n\u0103m 246 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y L\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1eadp Ath\u0101s\u0101lini ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Vua A D\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00e1m t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 18 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i. T\u1eadp “Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t” g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 216 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0 quan, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh quan, ph\u00e0m phu – Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v.v..<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch t\u1eadp kinh n\u00e0y t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Points of Controversy c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Rhys Davis do h\u1ed9i P\u0101li Text Society b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 [**]. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb Abhidhamma chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Anh v\u0103n chuy\u1ec3n sang Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o quy\u1ec3n Guide Through the Abhidhamma Pitakas c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Nyanatiloka, quy\u1ec3n A Manual of Abhidhamma c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Nar\u0101da do Ph\u1ea1m Kim Kh\u00e1nh d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Anh sang Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n (v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu”), quy\u1ec3n Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecbnh S\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Kinh T\u1ea1ng P\u0101li trong Trung b\u1ed9 kinh, T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 kinh,…, do Ng\u00e0i Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i e ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ebft \u00fd ph\u00e1p tinh hoa, th\u00e2m th\u00fay, c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ea7y. R\u1ea5t mong ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft th\u00eam. V\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eb7ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n, cho Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ni, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 A T\u1ef3 \u00d0\u00e0m Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Xin t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tri \u00e2n H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 ban Tr\u1ecb S\u1ef1 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ra m\u1eaft ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda, T\u0103ng ni Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecbnh S\u1ef1, \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1c Ch\u00e1nh, \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1c Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nh\u01b0 C\u00f4 Di\u1ec7u H\u1ef7, C\u00f4 Di\u1ec7u Tr\u00ed, C\u00f4 H\u1ed3ng C\u00fac, C\u00f4 Tho\u1ea1i, em \u00d0\u1ed7 Th\u00e0nh Phong… \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1edbm ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u t\u1ea1i Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc S\u00e2m, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u00d0\u1ed3ng, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eeb Thi\u1ec7n, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ef3nh Nh\u01b0, b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hi\u1ec3u, Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ed1i Thi\u1ec7n, Nguy\u1ec5n Tuy\u1ebft H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Huy\u00ean, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Li\u00ean, b\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Nh\u01a1n, b\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n B\u1ea1ch, c\u00f4 L\u01b0u V\u0103n Lang, S\u01b0 T\u00edn H\u1ef7, v\u00e0 anh L\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 in t\u1eadp kinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i Thu, N\u0103m \u00d0inh M\u00e3o – M\u00f9ng 1 th\u00e1ng 9 \u00c2l<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed T\u00e2m An – Minh Tu\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n

(Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ef3nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng – \u00d0\u1ed7 Th\u00e0nh Minh)<\/em><\/p>\n

[*] H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecbnh S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng”, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ghi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p [B\u00ecnh Anson, 09-2003].<\/p>\n

[**] C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a theo b\u1ed9 Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa [B\u00ecnh Anson, 09-2003].<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG CH\u1eee VI\u1ebeT T\u1eaeT:<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u00e1c trang ch\u00fa th\u00edch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tra c\u1ee9u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ghi r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

A. Anguttara Nik\u0101ya (T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

Abhi. Sang. Abhidhammatthasangaha (Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn)<\/p>\n

Bud. Psy. Eth. Buddhist Psychological Ethics<\/p>\n

(b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Dhammasangani – b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/p>\n

Comp.,<\/p>\n

Compendium Compendium of Philosophy (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Abhidhammatthasangaha – Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn).<\/p>\n

Dl. Dialogues of the Buddha (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

Dhp. Dhammapada (Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa)<\/p>\n

Ds. Dhammasangani (b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee5)<\/p>\n

D. Digha Nik\u0101ya (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

M. Majjhima Nik\u0101ya (Trung b\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

Pss. Bret. Psalms of the Brethren – Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/p>\n

Pss. Sis. Psalms of the Sisters – Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni k\u1ec7<\/p>\n

S. Samyutta Nik\u0101ya (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

Sn. Sutta Nip\u0101ta (Kinh t\u1eadp)<\/p>\n

Thig. Therigatha (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni k\u1ec7)<\/p>\n

Thag. Theragatha (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7)<\/p>\n

Ud. Ud\u0101na (Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft)<\/p>\n

K. Khuddaka Nik\u0101ya (Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9)<\/p>\n

Iti. Itivuttaka (Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)<\/p>\n

Vbh. Vibhanga (b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/p>\n

V., Vin. Vinaya (Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng)<\/p>\n

H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG QUAN \u00d0I\u1ec2M PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I THEO \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c0I<\/h3>\n

I. – V\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT:<\/h4>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, II. 10.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c, III. 1,2.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, IV. 6.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o, IV. 7.<\/p>\n

C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i. XVII. 10.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n? XVIII. 1.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n? XVIII. 2.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m \u00d0\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, XVIII. 3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, XIII. 4.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, XXI. 4.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a: Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, XXI. 5.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, XXI. 6<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, XXIII. 3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t, IV. 8 ; XIII. 4.<\/p>\n

II. – V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C B\u1eacC TH\u00c1NH:<\/h4>\n

A. A-LA-H\u00c1N:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng? I. 2<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean ma c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? II. 1<\/p>\n

Tri ki\u1ebfn II. 2. IV. 10. XXII. 1.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi hay kh\u00f4ng? II. 3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? II. 4.<\/p>\n

A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129. IV. 1.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. IV. 2. XXII. 5.<\/p>\n

A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu. IV. 3.<\/p>\n

A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c x\u00e3. IV. 5.<\/p>\n

\u00d0o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. IV. 10.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. V. 2.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? VIII. 11.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u. XVII.1.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed. XVII.2.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. XXII.2,3.<\/p>\n

A-la-h\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u. XXIII.2.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng? XXI.3, XXII.1.<\/p>\n

B. C\u00c1C T\u1ea6NG TH\u00c1NH TH\u1ea4P H\u01a0N.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. III.5,6.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc H\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc V\u00f4 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng? V.2.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh. XII.5, 9.<\/p>\n

C. TH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O:<\/p>\n

L\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. III.2.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, VII.9.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. X.2.3; XIV.4.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. XVII.5.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. II 5,6, XI.4.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t, CVIII.5.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o 5 chi, XX.5.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, IV.8; V.4, VI.1, XX.7.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, XIV.9.<\/p>\n

III. – V\u1ec0 NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u00c0M PHU:<\/h4>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng? I.5.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng? XIX.7.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng? XX.2.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p trong tam gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? XXI.2.<\/p>\n

IV. – V\u1ec0 CH\u01af THI\u00caN:<\/h4>\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng? I.3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac kh\u00f4ng? III.10.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng? III.11.<\/p>\n

V. – V\u1ec0 T\u0102NG B\u1ea2O:<\/h4>\n

T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, XVII.6.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, XVII.7.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o c\u00f2n “th\u00edch th\u00fa”, “\u0103n u\u1ed1ng”, XVII.8.<\/p>\n

C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn, XVII.9.<\/p>\n

VI. – V\u1ec0 GI\u00c1O PH\u00c1P:<\/h4>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng? XXI.1.<\/p>\n

VII. – V\u1ec0 C\u00c1 NH\u00c2N:<\/h4>\n

T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u0169u, I.1.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u0169u tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. I.6 – 8. IX.12.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, I.10.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c; Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, H7; IX.6,7,12; X1; XV.3.4, XVI.4, XXII.8.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, V.3; VI.8; VIII.4.5.7, IX.9; X.5, XII.4, XIV.3.<\/p>\n

S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m. VII.1 – 3; IX.8; XVII.4, XVIII.9; XIX.2.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7. V.6.9.10, XVI.4.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t III.9; V.5,8,10; IX.5; XI.2.3, XX.2.6.<\/p>\n

\u00c1i, VIII.4; XIII.8 – 10,XIC.7,XVI.10.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd III.10; VI.8, IX.8.11; XII.1.2, XVI.1 – 3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, III.7 – 9,:V.7,XI.5; XVII.2, XXI.4.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng (v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t) XIV.2; XXII.4,5; (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tinh th\u1ea7n) I.4; II.9, III.4; IV.4,9; VII.5; X.9; XIV.2.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n, VIII.10.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0o thai, XIV.2; XXII.4,5.<\/p>\n

Chi\u00eam bao, XXII.5,6.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n, XXIII.4.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef II.5,6;IX 9,10.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd tu\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, VI.5; X.1, XV.7.10.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n, II.5;V.3; VI.6, XI.6, XIIi.7; Z\\XVIII.6 – 8.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. III.3,4; IV.10, XIII.6.<\/p>\n

VIII. – V\u1ec0 V\u0168 TR\u1ee4<\/h4>\n

(A)<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. I.6 – 9; III.11, VII. 12; IX.12.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, VIII.1.2; XVI.10; D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. I.3.5; VIII.3; S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, I.3 – 5; III.11,12; VI.4; VIII.5 – 8, XVI.10.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, XIII.1; XX.3.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. VI.6.7.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian IX.6,7, XV.3,4; XXII.8.<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, VI.8, VII.5 – 10; IX.3, XVI.5 – 9.<\/p>\n

\u00c2m thanh. II.5; IX.9 – 10. XII.3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i? XXI.7.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0ng sanh c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? XX.4.<\/p>\n

(B)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 (N\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9.) I.9; IX.3.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. XV.1,2; XXII.7.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. XI.8; XV.6.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, II.8.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. II.11; VI,3; XI.4; XVII.4.<\/p>\n

Y t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh, VI.2; XI.7; XV.1,2; XXIII.5.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p? VII.7; XVI.8.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i L\u00e3o v\u00e0 T\u1eed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p? VII.8.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? VII.11.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng? VII.11.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u cho qu\u1ea3? XII.2.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Thinh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng? XII.3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng? XII.4.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u00e0o thai, XIV.2.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00eap v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p, XV.11.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p? XVII.3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean. IV.8; V.4; XII.7,8, XIII.4: XIX.7; XX.1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf (\u00d0\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf). XIX.5.<\/p>\n

IX. – V\u1ec0 V\u00d4 VI:<\/h4>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00f5i V\u00f4 s\u1eafc, Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? VI.3 – 6.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng? IX.2.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? XIX.6.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, XIX.2.<\/p>\n

X. – M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 KH\u00c1C:<\/h4>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed? VII.4.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng? VII.5.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. VII.6; XVII.11.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, I.4; II.9; II.4; IV.5,9; VII.5; X.9. XIV.2.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, IX.1; SI.4.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp song song hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng? X.6.<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? X.4.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m? X.7.8.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? X.10.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? X.11.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? IX.4; XI.1; XIV.5.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng? XII.1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? XIII.2.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, XIII.3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 c\u0103n thi\u1ec7n, c\u0103n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. XIV.1,<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, XIV.6.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu? XV.5.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? XIV? XIV.8.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? XVI.5.6.7.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng? XVI.8.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. XIX.1.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n? XIX..6.<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf, XIX.8.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, XXIII.1.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m chi\u00eam bao l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? XXII.6.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft giao, XXIII,1.<\/p>\n

18 T\u00d4NG PH\u00c1I<\/h3>\n

(theo b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa)<\/p>\n

1) THERAV\u0100DINS: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

2) MAHI\u1e42S\u0100SAKAS: H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9, Di Sa T\u1eafc b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

3) DHAMMAGUTTIKAS: Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

4) SARVATTHIV\u0100DINS: Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

5) KASSAPIKAS: Ca Di\u1ebfp b\u1ed9, \u1ea8m Quang b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

6) SANKANTIKAS: Thuy\u1ebft Chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

7) SUTTAV\u0100DINS: Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

8) VAJJIPUTTAKAS: \u00d0\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

9) GOKULIKAS: K\u00ea D\u1eadn b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

10) EKABBOH\u0100RIKAS: Nh\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

11) DHAMMUSTARIYAS: Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

12) BHADRAY\u0100NIKAS: Hi\u1ec1n Tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

13) CHANNAGARIKAS: M\u1eadt L\u00e2m S\u01a1n b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

14) SAMMITIYAS: Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

15) PANNATTIV\u0100DINS: Thi Thi\u1ebft b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

16) BAHULIKAS (BAHUSSUTIYAS): \u00d0a V\u0103n b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

17) CETIYAV\u0100DINS: Ch\u1ebf \u0110a S\u01a1n b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

18) MAH\u0100SANGHIKAS: \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Andhakas (\u00c1n-\u0111a-la) [*]:<\/p>\n

1) RAJAGIRIYAS: V\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n Tr\u00fa b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

2) SIDDATTHAKAS: Ngh\u0129a Th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

3) PURVASELIYAS: \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n Tr\u00fa b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

4) APARASELIYAS: T\u00e2y S\u01a1n Tr\u00fa b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i [*]:<\/p>\n

HETUVADINS: Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ea5p b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

VETULLAKAS: Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

VAJIRIYAS: Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

UTTARAPATHAKAS: B\u1eafc S\u01a1n Tr\u00fa b\u1ed9<\/p>\n

[*] B\u1ed5 sung theo quy\u1ec3n “C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba”, Andr\u00e9 Bareau, Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch, NXB T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2003 (B\u00ecnh Anson ghi ch\u00fa).<\/p>\n

-ooOoo-<\/p>\n

H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG QUAN \u00d0I\u1ec2M PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I THEO T\u00d4NG PH\u00c1I<\/h3>\n

I- PH\u00c1I VAJJIPUTTAKAS<\/h4>\n

v\u00e0 (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi) ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, I.1<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi) c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas, Sabbatthiv\u0101dins, Mah\u0101sanghikas:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, I.2<\/p>\n

II- PH\u00c1I SAMMITIYAS<\/h4>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, I.3<\/p>\n

Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, I.4<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, I.5<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Vajjiputtakas:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, I.1<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, XI.10.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ef3 mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, XI.1.<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Andhakas n\u00f3i chung:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, III.7<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, VIII.7<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 S\u1eafc a\u00ed trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, XIV.7<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, XV.11<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, XVI.8<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Andhakas:<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n, XVIII.7<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas:<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n. VIII.10<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb. VIII.11<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu. VIII.2.<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhattikas:<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng. VII.5<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, VIII.9<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, XVI.7<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Mahimsasakas v\u00e0 Mah\u0101sanghikas:<\/p>\n

Trong B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ba chi thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c danh ph\u00e1p, X.2<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Vajjiputtiyas, Sabbatthiv\u0101dins v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, I.2.<\/p>\n

III- PH\u00c1I SABBATTHIV\u0100DINS<\/h4>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, I.6,7<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, II.9<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas:<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, XI.6<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Vajjiputtiyas, Sammitiyas v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, I.2<\/p>\n

III.a C\u00c1C PH\u00c1I SABBATTHIV\u0100DINS, KASSAPIKAS:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. I.8<\/p>\n

IV- PH\u00c1I MAH\u0100SANGHIKAS<\/h4>\n

Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c, XVIII.9, X.5. qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p, XII.2,3,4, v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7, XI.2<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, X.3. v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, X.6<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 hay gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, XVI.1,2<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau, X7.8, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n, X.9<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u tri th\u00ec b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, X.11.<\/p>\n

(H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n)<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp, XI,5<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, XII.1<\/p>\n

C\u0103n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, XIV.1<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, XV.1, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng, XV.2.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, XX1,6, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9, ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, XXI,4<\/p>\n

L\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf, XV.6. ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tri\u1ec1n, XX1.3<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, I.2<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, X.10<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ef3 mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, XI.1<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas v\u00e0 Mahims\u0101sakas:<\/p>\n

Ba chi c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, X.2.<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 Vajjiputtiyas, Sammitiyas v\u00e0 Sabbatthiv\u0101dins:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb. I.2<\/p>\n

V- PH\u00c1I ANDHAKAS N\u00d3I CHUNG:<\/h4>\n

(i) PUBBASELIYAS, (ii) APARASELIYAS. (iii) R\u0100JACIRIKAS, (iv) SIDDHATTHIKAS:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 th\u1ec3 (trong t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9) I.9, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, I.10, S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, X.1, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t V.1, Iv.10, ” v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng ” XIX.2, v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi, XIX.6<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y. II.7<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”, tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, XI.4<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i, X11.3 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, IX.4<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, III.11, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, 111.12<\/p>\n

H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, IV.7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, IV.8.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 v\u1ecb lai, V.8,9.<\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu IX.12, trong A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3 c\u00f9a ba \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, IV.9<\/p>\n

\u1ea2o gi\u00e1c trong thi\u1ec1n, V.3<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, V.5, ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, V.6.<\/p>\n

Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, V.7<\/p>\n

\u00d0o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, IV.10, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tri\u1ec1n, XXII, 1.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, VII.7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3o t\u1eed, VII.8<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3 VII.10, nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, VII.9<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00f4 vi, VI, 1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0, Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, Vi.5<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, VIII.5, c\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, VIII.8, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, XVI.9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00e1i trong c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, XVI.10.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”, tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, XI.4<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3, V.10<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng XI.7,8<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, XIII.7<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, XIV.5, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00e1c \u00fd, XIV.6<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, XXIII.4<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00edch tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, XVII.1, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, XXII.2<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 b\u00e0ng sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, XX.3,4<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, XXI.5, ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng khi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, XXIII.3, Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, III 2, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed, III.1<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf, II.10<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n III.6<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “thi\u00ean nh\u0129” khi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, III.7,8<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, III.5<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, VIII.7, XIV.8<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch tr\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, XV.11<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, XVI.8<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Andhakas:<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n, XVIII.7<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mahimsasakas:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, II.11<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Andhakas v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mahimsasakas:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eadc trong thi\u1ec1n, XVIII.6<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas:<\/p>\n

Atula l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, VIII.6<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, VIII.7<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, VI.5<\/p>\n

T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, XIV.8<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, XXI.7, nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, XXI.8<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n, XVIII.5<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, XVIII.4<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, IV.8<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1eebng hi\u1ec7p, IV.9<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. IX.4<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas:<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft giao XXIII.1.<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sabbatthiv\u0101dins, Sammitiyas v\u00e0 Bhadravanikas:<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, II.9<\/p>\n

V.a PH\u00c1I PUBBASELIYAS:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u1ea3nh thinh), XVIII.8<\/p>\n

\u00c2m thanh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9, IX.9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, IX.10<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, IX.11<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00eau l\u00ean khi \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, II.5, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, II.6<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, XIII, 9<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, XI.3<\/p>\n

D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, VIII.3<\/p>\n

T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, XIV.9<\/p>\n

Tri ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, II.2<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, XIII.10<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh, XII.7<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, XIX.4.3<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 12 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, XX.6<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, VI.3<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5c, VIII.4<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1n, IX.2<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas:<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p, VIII.10<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu, VIII.2<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, VIII.11<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas:<\/p>\n

Y t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, VI.2<\/p>\n

V.b – PH\u00c1I PUBBASELIYAS v\u00e0 APARASELIYAS:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m, XII.8<\/p>\n

L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac trong thai m\u1eb9, XIV.2<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, XVI.5<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi thi\u00ean ma, II.1<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, XIII.4<\/p>\n

V.c – PH\u00c1I R\u0100JAGTRIKAS<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t trong v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp, XIII.1<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft, XV.9<\/p>\n

V.d- PH\u00c1I R\u0100JAGIRIKAS v\u00e0 SIDDHATTHIKAS<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, VII.1, 2 v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, VII.3<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, VII.4, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, VII.6<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed, XVII.2<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p, XVII.3<\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas:<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng, VII.5<\/p>\n

VI- PH\u00c1I GOKULIKAS<\/h4>\n

Th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m l\u1eeda II.8<\/p>\n

VII- PH\u00c1I BHADKAYANIKAS<\/h4>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas, Sabbatthivadins v\u00e0 Andhakas.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, II.9<\/p>\n

VIII- PH\u00c1I MAHIMS\u0100SAKAS<\/h4>\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 chi, XX.5<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Andhakas:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, II.11<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i Andhakas:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian, XVIII.6<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas, ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas:<\/p>\n

H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, VI.6<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas:<\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, VIII.9, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n), XVI.7<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas v\u00e0 Mahasanghikas:<\/p>\n

Ba chi thu\u1ed9c B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p, X.2., v\u00ec v\u1eady Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m chi, XX.5<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Hetuv\u0101dins:<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, XIX.8<\/p>\n

IX- PH\u00c1I UTTAR\u0100PATHAKAS<\/h4>\n

C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c sanh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, XIV.3<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, XIII.8<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, IX.6.7<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m, IX.9<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh IX.3<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m chi\u00eam bao l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd, XXII.6<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, XX.1<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh XIII.3<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh trong \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, XIII.2<\/p>\n

U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, XXIII.5<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, XII.8<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, XIII.5, b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, XIII.6<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, V.4, XIX.7<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, V.2<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 sau b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh, XII.5,6<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u1eabn t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p. IV.4,9.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh trong b\u00e0o thai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chi\u00eam bao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, XXII.4.5.<\/p>\n

Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, XIX.1<\/p>\n

C\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, IV.1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ee5c sinh c\u0169ng v\u1eady, IV.2<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, XIV.4<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu, IV.3<\/p>\n

A-la-h\u00e1n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt XXII.2<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u, XXIII.2<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt qua Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, IV.6<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, IV.7<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh XXIII.3<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi, XVIII.3<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, XXI.1<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho, kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, XVII.11<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean, XXII.7<\/p>\n

Ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf, XIX.5<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Uttar\u0101pathakas:<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, XXII.2<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Andhakas:<\/p>\n

Atula l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, VIII.1<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, VIII.7<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, IV.5<\/p>\n

T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, XIV.8<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, XXI.7, nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng v\u1eady, XXI.8<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n, XVIII.5<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, XVIII.4<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, IV.8<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p, IV.9<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, IX.4<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sabbatthiv\u0101dins:<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, XI.4<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas:<\/p>\n

H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, VI.6<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, XXIII.5<\/p>\n

X- PH\u00c1I HETUVADINS<\/h4>\n

“Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf” b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c XVII.4, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, tr\u1eeb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 XVII.5<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, XX.2<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf, XV.7, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, XV.10<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu, XV.5<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, XVI.3<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas:<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, XIX.8<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, tr\u1eeb Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, XXIII.5<\/p>\n

XI- PH\u00c1I VETULYAKAS<\/h4>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, XVIII.1<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd v\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn, XVII.10<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, XVII.6.7.8.9<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Andhakas:<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft giao, XXIII.1<\/p>\n

XII- M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 QUAN NI\u1ec6M KH\u00d4NG X\u00c1C \u00d0\u1ecaNH H\u1ec6 PH\u00c1I C\u1ee4 TH\u1ec2<\/h4>\n

Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, III.4<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p, III.9<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, III.10<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c x\u1ea3, IV.5<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, VI.4<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u phi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, VIII.6 (Andhakas?)<\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, X.4<\/p>\n

Trong l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc Th\u1ea5t lai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, XII.9<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, XV3.4<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, XV.8<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n, XVI.6<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p trong tam gi\u1edbi, XXI.2<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi, II.3, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau ph\u00e0m b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, II.4 (Pubbaseliyas?).<\/p>\n

\"\" Tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef “Points of Controversy”:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I – 1 (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. S\u1ef0 HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU C\u1ee6A M\u1ed8T TH\u1ef0C NG\u00c3 (Puggalakatha)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i VAJJIPUTTAKAS v\u00e0 SAMMMITIYAS, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 PUGGALAV\u0100DIN (nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “NG\u00c3” tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn). Trong t\u1ea1ng kinh “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “HOMO” ; trong t\u1ea1ng Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p, “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “PUGG\u0100L\u0100\u1e42 ” thay th\u1ebf cho “ATT\u0100” v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 cho linh h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

I. – T\u00c1M LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 B\u00c1C B\u1ece QUAN NI\u1ec6M C\u00d3 LINH H\u1ed2N<\/h5>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 1<\/p>\n

a) C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo l\u1ed1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

(1). THERAV\u0100DINS – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Puggalavadins: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ch\u1ee9!<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ebf th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (1) ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu song (2) ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau (2) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (1).<\/p>\n

– \u00d0ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (1) trong khi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau (2), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

b) – C\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u1ed1n v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(2) Puggalavadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “NG\u00c3” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Theravadins: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u1eady xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: 1) ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i: “Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”, m\u00e0 2) ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i “\u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1).<\/p>\n

– Trong khi \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2), l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1ch b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u1ed1n v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(3) Puggalavadins: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) cho r\u1eb1ng “Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) cho r\u1eb1ng “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 (b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9) m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu (1) “NG\u00c3” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7mtheo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ra Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng (2) “NG\u00c3” c\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec \u1eaft h\u1eb3n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn; \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

d) C\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 theo l\u1ed1i 4 v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(4) Puggalavadins: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sai, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 song song trong ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) l\u00e0 sai. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u00ean ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. Theo l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1); v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec \u0111ang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1), trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2).<\/p>\n

e) C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn theo l\u1ed1i 4 v\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(5) Puggalavadins: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

– Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m. “\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…” trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– L\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1) c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eafp v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1c b\u1ecf (2) c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

– V\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (2) th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u0169ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1).<\/p>\n

– T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai hay b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 hai. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 2<\/p>\n

a) C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n 5 ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

(6) Puggalavadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Theravadins: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (1), ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m”.<\/p>\n

b) C\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i theo ph\u00e1p 4 v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi v\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (1, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m”).<\/p>\n

c) C\u00e1ch b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn 4 v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(8) Th: – Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng: “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c… (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u1ed1n v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 (1), ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m”).<\/p>\n

d) C\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 theo b\u1ed1n v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(9) Th: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sai, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 song song trong ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, V\u00ec th\u1ebf, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (a) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang (“NG\u00c3” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m…) v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (b) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang (\u00d0i\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m…). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

e) C\u00e1ch k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn theo l\u1ed1i b\u1ed1n v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(10) Th: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i… Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 3<\/p>\n

(11) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Puggalavadins: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ra Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 (A) m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 (C). N\u1ebfu (C) sai th\u00ec (A) c\u0169ng sai.<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 4<\/p>\n

(12) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n”).<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 5<\/p>\n

(13) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi… m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (trong Danh s\u1eafc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n”).<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 6<\/p>\n

(14) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m (\u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 3)… b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng (thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m”).<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 7<\/p>\n

(15) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m (\u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 4)… lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

LU\u1eacN C\u1ee8 8<\/p>\n

(16) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m… trong m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

II. – S\u1ef0 KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T B\u1eb0NG C\u00c1CH SO S\u00c1NH<\/h5>\n

So s\u00e1nh NG\u00c3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

(17) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 S\u1eafc (r\u016bpa\u1e43) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m trong khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(18 – 73) C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn 55 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Th\u1ecd.
T\u01b0\u1edfng 
H\u00e0nh
Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n


C\u00e1c U\u1ea9n (Khandha) kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9
Nh\u0129 x\u1ee9
T\u1ef7 x\u1ee9
Thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9
Th\u00e2n x\u1ee9
S\u1eafc x\u1ee9 
Thinh x\u1ee9
H\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9
V\u1ecb x\u1ee9
X\u00fac x\u1ee9
\u00dd x\u1ee9
Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12 X\u1ee9 (\u0100yatana)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n gi\u1edbi
S\u1eafc, Thinh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ecb, X\u00fac gi\u1edbi
Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi
\u00dd gi\u1edbi
\u00dd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi
Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n


18 gi\u1edbi (Dhatu)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n
N\u1eef quy\u1ec1n, Nam quy\u1ec1n, S\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n
L\u1ea1c, Kh\u1ed5, H\u1ec9, \u01afu, X\u00e3 quy\u1ec1n 
T\u00edn, T\u1ea5n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n
V\u1ecb tri quy\u1ec1n, D\u0129 tri quy\u1ec1n, C\u1ee5 tri quy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

22 quy\u1ec1n (Indriya) (1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(74) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh…”? v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh” v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu S\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e0i sai l\u1ea7m khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau. N\u1ebfu S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn “NG\u00c3”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(75 – 129) L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea7n (18 – 73) cho ” S\u1eaeC “.<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/p>\n

(130) Th: – S\u1eafc (m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu. Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau: N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch minh b\u1ea1ch, n\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhau. Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1eb7p “S\u1eafc – Th\u1ecd” \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1eb7p “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi – S\u1eafc” sau, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1eb7p sau, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(131 – 133) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi 3 U\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, thay th\u1ebf cho Th\u1ecd (S\u1eafc – T\u01b0\u1edfng, S\u1eafc – H\u00e0nh, S\u1eafc – Th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

(134) Ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n (130).<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf cho Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

(135) M\u1ed7i c\u1eb7p k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp trong 12 x\u1ee9 – 18 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 22 quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 5 U\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Nh\u0129 x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Nh\u00e3n X\u1ee9<\/p>\n

v.v… l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u1eb7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

D\u1ecb tri quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 D\u0129 tri quy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 C\u1ee5 tri quy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

(136) P: – S\u1eafc (m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh”? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau: N\u1ebfu S\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, m\u00e0 S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao “Ng\u00e3” – M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf – T\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng – v\u00e0 S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea7p nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

(Lu\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n (3 – 16).<\/p>\n

(137) C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn (Cakha) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 U\u1ea9n X\u1ee9… – \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n (131 – 135).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn 4 v\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

(138) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – (i) V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn S\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu. V\u00ec v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(139) Th: -Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. (ii) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) \u1edf trong S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng? (iii) Hay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i S\u1eafc? (iv) Hay S\u1eafc \u1edf trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 “NG\u00c3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd sai l\u1ea7m, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong ba lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y (nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o), th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(140 – 141) C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 “Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu” trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi v\u1edbi “NG\u00c3”… Th\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(142) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – (i) V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 hai th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sau th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(143) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – (ii) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng? (iii) hay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i S\u1eafc? (iv) hay S\u1eafc \u1edf trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m (trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi S\u1eafc) nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n (3 – 16)).<\/p>\n

(144 – 145) C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong (140 – 141).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n

(146) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan? L\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i? L\u00e0 h\u1eefu duy\u00ean hay v\u00f4 duy\u00ean? L\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t? hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian? h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng hay v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (1): ” Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau… “).<\/p>\n

(147) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh…”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan? L\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i? L\u00e0 h\u1eefu duy\u00ean hay v\u00f4 duy\u00ean? L\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t? thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian? H\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng hay v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

P: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y… ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n (2) v\u00e0 (3 – 16).<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

(148) Th: -“Ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m, Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3”, c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3”…<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

(149) Th: -C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “NG\u00c3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hay phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i”.<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(150) Th: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay phi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 khi th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 khi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(151) – C\u00e2u ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(152) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, hay l\u00e0 phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i? (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

(153) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef ” kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” cho ch\u1eef “hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t theo danh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh (pa\u00f1\u00f1ati)<\/p>\n

(154) Th: -C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 S\u1eafc, v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(154a) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” C\u00e1c Ng\u00e3 ” do h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” C\u00e1c Ng\u00e3 ” do h\u1ecd c\u00f3 D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(154b) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(154c) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u00e1c Ng\u00e3” do h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u00e1c Ng\u00e3” do h\u1ecd c\u00f3 D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(155) Th: – Theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” do Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 S\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, \u0111u\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u1edf trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 S\u1eafc. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u1eadng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “NG\u00c3” v\u00ec do c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 S\u1eafc sanh l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, thay ch\u1eef “ch\u00fang sanh” (Satto) cho ch\u1eef “NG\u00c3”.<\/p>\n

(156) Th: – \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” (K\u0101yo) v\u00e0 “M\u00ecnh” (K\u0101yam); c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1eadn bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” (Puggalo) hay “Linh h\u1ed3n” (jivo) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Linh h\u1ed3n” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” v\u00e0 “M\u00ecnh”, gi\u1eefa “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” v\u00e0 “Linh h\u1ed3n”, v\u00e0 “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3”, th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn “Linh h\u1ed3n” l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi “M\u00ecnh”.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i sai l\u1ea7m khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (1) s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” v\u00e0 “M\u00ecnh” (2) S\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” v\u00e0 “Linh h\u1ed3n” (3) s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” v\u00e0 “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” trong khi (4) ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa “M\u00ecnh” v\u00e0 “Linh h\u1ed3n”.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (4) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1,2,3).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (1,2,3) trong khi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (4).<\/p>\n

(157) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” v\u00e0 “M\u00ecnh” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e2n x\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh…” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” v\u00e0 “M\u00ecnh”, v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u00ecnh… “, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn “Th\u00e2n Th\u1ec3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 “T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hai lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (3). N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m (3) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hai lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u (\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i (3 – 16).).<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e1i sinh.<\/p>\n

(158) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n sinh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n sinh?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 hay linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c, hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n sinh?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(159) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m ch\u0103ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed 7 l\u1ea7n, (2) sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c”.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 llinh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “V\u00f4 th\u1ec9, n\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y. \u00d0i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng sanh b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh che \u0111\u1eady, b\u1ecb kh\u00e1t \u00e1i tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i” (3). C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

(160) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n sau khi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n

Th: – (T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi). C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean hay c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sinh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c, chuy\u1ec3n sinh khi h\u1ecd t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh hay sao? C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng khi nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(161) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c hay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1 xoa (yakkha), ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9 (peta), \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, b\u00e0ng sanh nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0, b\u00f2, la, heo, tr\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1 xoa… tr\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00e2u, hay l\u00e0 tr\u00e2u r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa khi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi tr\u00e2u, tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 khi t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh. C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng khi nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(162) Th: – Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh… V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Vua r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Vua c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… (ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 Vua r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung l\u01b0u, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua l\u00fac h\u1ecd v\u1eeba m\u1edbi sanh ra kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(Thay ch\u1eef Vua b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n… v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

(163) Th: – Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5t tay hay c\u1ee5t ch\u00e2n, hay c\u1ee5t c\u1ea3 tay ch\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tai teo, m\u0169i h\u1ec9nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ee5t ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng? Hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay qu\u1eafm l\u1ea1i hay x\u00f2e ra nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh d\u01a1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc? hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh suy\u1ec5n, b\u1ec7nh l\u00e1c, b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i, b\u1ec7nh lao, b\u1ec7nh phong (kinh phong), th\u00ec ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Hay ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eeba, la, heo, tr\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(164) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c hay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u hay sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ” Ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c… “<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u khi t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi sinh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(165) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c hay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n sinh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5t tay, c\u1ee5t ch\u00e2n… n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh… n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u1ea7m th\u00fa, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd v\u1ea9n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(166) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – (H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y chuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u1edbi Th\u1ecd, v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1edbi H\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – (H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y chuy\u1ec3n sinh v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(167) Th: – Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n \u1ea5y chuy\u1ec3n sinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi S\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? (B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 5 U\u1ea9n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi).<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – (H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i)… Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi S\u1eafc… kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(168) Th: – Theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh…. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n sinh?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c Th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n sinh.<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n sinh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(169) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00ednh linh h\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n sinh… m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sinh?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n sinh.<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i linh h\u1ed3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(170) Th: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i khi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, r\u00e3 tan. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i khi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111ang ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, r\u00e3 tan th\u00ec Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eefu (Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n

III. – NH\u1eeeNG S\u1ef0 CHUY\u1ec2N H\u00d3A:<\/h5>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf M\u1eadt lu\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eef “Linh h\u1ed3n” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eef C\u00e1 Nh\u00e2n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, T\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd).<\/p>\n

(171) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o S\u1eafc m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu vi, do duy\u00ean sinh? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, tan r\u00e3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 tri gi\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(172) Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng. (M\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t danh u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu vi, do duy\u00ean sinh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, tan r\u00e3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 tri gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(173) Th: – Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Do n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc xanh (nila) m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi xanh” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0ng… ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(174) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecd thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(175) Th: -N\u1ebfu do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(176) Th: – N\u1ebfu do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu vi, do duy\u00ean sinh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ecd n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, r\u00e3 tan v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 k\u00fd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(177) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t trong ba u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c – T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – (Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(178) Th: – Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – (T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n do qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(179) (Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 k\u00fd c\u0169ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n

(180) Th: – C\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n (4). (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), do n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi nh\u00e3n di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu nh\u00e3n c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(T\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u00fd x\u1ee9).<\/p>\n

(181) Th: – C\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn do n\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t T\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(182) Th: – T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy… Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn… ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khi m\u1ed9t chi \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o trong B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng chi \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(183) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Th\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecb do n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o trong ba u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (S\u1eafc – T\u01b0\u1edfng, S\u1eafc – H\u00e0nh, S\u1eafc – Th\u1ee9c) Ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u0169 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(184) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, Nh\u0129 x\u1ee9 m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng hai x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 (183) v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9).<\/p>\n

(185) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi, Nh\u0129 gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong 18 gi\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi 18 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng 18 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(186) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Nh\u0129 quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o hai quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong 22 quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 22 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o 22 quy\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(187) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o 4 u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ng\u0169 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng do 5 u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(188) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh b\u1eb1ng 1 u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u0169 do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh b\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(189) Th: – Do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1eafc m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o S\u1eafc m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o S\u1eafc m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(190) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o S\u1eafc m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00f4n qu\u00ea m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4n qu\u00ea? v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4n qu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4n qu\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(191) Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng gi\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n vua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(192) Th: – Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cai ng\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng cai ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu s\u1eafc c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? theo \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai ng\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

IV. – T\u00c2M TH\u1ee8C:<\/h5>\n

(193) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo m\u1ed7i s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh ra, gi\u00e0, b\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(194) Th: – Khi s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi, c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “S\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t”?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, th\u1eadt sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai sanh kh\u1edfi, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nam hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef”.<\/p>\n

P: – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

L\u00fac s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai sanh kh\u1edfi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na kh\u00e1c” th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng khi s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai sanh kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng “\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam” hay “\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef”. Theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau. Trong khi Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m trong ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(195) Theo Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 hai sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec “Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t hay l\u00e0 s\u00e1t na kh\u00e1c”. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nam hay n\u1eef, ph\u00e0m phu hay b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1ee9…<\/p>\n

(Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (194)).<\/p>\n

V. – NG\u0168 TH\u1ee8C:<\/h5>\n

(196) – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1edbi 4 th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00f4t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(197) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1edbi 4 th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

(198) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

– “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh, si\u00eau nh\u00e2n. Ta th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. Ta tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, k\u1ebb cao sang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, k\u1ebb th\u00ec x\u1ea5u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn, k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u do h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang” (5)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(199) Th: – Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u1ea5y S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay linh h\u1ed3n?<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

P: – \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc? C\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi? C\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng? C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc? C\u1ea3 hai x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n? C\u1ea3 hai \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 c\u0169a nh\u00e3n? C\u1ea3 hai t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

VI. – NGHI\u1ec6P<\/h5>\n

(200) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(201) Th: – S\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, hay khi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3 hai v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p hay x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: – N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n…<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu do v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf….<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba, v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng? Hay n\u00fai Tu-di, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(202) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf….<\/p>\n

(203) Th: – Th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba n\u00fai Tudi, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(204) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(205) Th: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i hay s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba… c\u1ecf c\u00e2y, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(206) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(207) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5y v\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00f2an ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (205) v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi)<\/p>\n

(208) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(209) – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddit\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

(Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (205 – 207))<\/p>\n

(210 – 211) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n 204 – 205 – 207)<\/p>\n

(212) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra hay do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf….<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3, hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. T\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi th\u00eam Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec3 4 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xa h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/p>\n

(Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0) “Kh\u00f4ng” (Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi) “V\u00e2ng” T\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i th\u00eam 4 c\u00e2u n\u1eefa:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o ra?<\/p>\n

(V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0) Kh\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n

(213) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(214) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn sanh t\u1eed, s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n? Hay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba… r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba… r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(215) P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(216) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi…<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady th\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e2n sanh t\u1eed hay s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch?<\/p>\n

Theo Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… (ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

VII. – N\u0102NG L\u1ef0C TH\u1ea6N TH\u00d4NG<\/h5>\n

(Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

(217) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi cho r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu? “<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng, Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 L\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu “.<\/p>\n

(218) Th: – Ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sao?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(Cu\u1ed9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi 5 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

VIII. – S\u1ef0 C\u1eacT V\u1ea4N T\u1eea C\u00c1C B\u00c0I KINH.<\/h5>\n

(219) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu “?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cha, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 anh, ch\u1ecb, b\u1eadc Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, n\u00f4ng, n\u00f4, c\u01b0 s\u0129, b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi…. nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean… h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

(220) Th: – Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha… c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi “cha”, “m\u1eb9”… “Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean…. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i” v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Th: – Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi “cha”, “m\u1eb9 “… v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

(221) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t)?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u), th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai, b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

(222) Th: – Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, r\u1ed3i sau l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

(223) P: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0… h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu” c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 B\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4i (4 \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3), T\u00e1m ch\u00fang (\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang)<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 B\u1ed1n \u00d0\u00f4i T\u00e1m Ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu “.<\/p>\n

(224) Th: – Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 B\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4i, T\u00e1m Ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 B\u1ed1n \u00d0\u00f4i T\u00e1m Ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?”<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(225) Th: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi (c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n) kh\u00f4ng”?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi (phi h\u1eefu vi, phi v\u00f4 vi)?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00e1c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hai? Gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 vi. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai gi\u1edbi”.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n”.<\/p>\n

(226) Th: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng phi h\u1eefu vi, phi v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu vi, v\u00f4 vi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu vi, phi v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c U\u1ea9n, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ba th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(Hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i U\u1ea9n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t – S\u1eafc, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

(227) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 sanh ra c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh: s\u1ef1 sanh ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng”. (6)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

Th: – \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh: – C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh ra kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng”. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi” th\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(228) Th: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n?<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u00ec b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

(228a) Th: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi m\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng?<\/p>\n

P: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0o h\u1eefu (Bhav\u1ea1m)<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a) h\u1eefu l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu vi, sanh do n\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri gi\u00e1c, b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu vi, sanh ra do n\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri gi\u00e1c, b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

(229) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u00ec c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ta \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu “…v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft ta \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd di\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c… h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu…”<\/p>\n

(T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd – phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5).<\/p>\n

(230) Th: – T\u00f4i ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu?”<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng Th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c tri n\u00e0y n\u00ean “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu?”<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c tri \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf…<\/p>\n

(S\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd).<\/p>\n

(231) P: – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u1eefu”. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n trong th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y<\/p>\n

P: – Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd trong th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m trong t\u00e2m, hay ph\u00e1p trong ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(232) Th: – Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111ang qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

(234) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y Mogherajan,<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ed5 l\u00ean ng\u00e3 t\u00f9y ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn d\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. “<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i kinh h\u1eb3n th\u1eadt c\u00f3? (7)<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.”<\/p>\n

(235) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng chung v\u1edbi S\u1eafc hay ngo\u00e0i S\u1eafc?<\/p>\n

P: – Chung v\u1edbi S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i danh v\u00e0 th\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i danh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – (T\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c quan hay ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1c quan?<\/p>\n

P: – H\u1ecd qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c quan.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady th\u00ec danh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(236) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd, n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng sai s\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng tham v\u1ecdng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh”, b\u00e0i kinh h\u1eb3n th\u1eadt c\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(237)… L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho \u0111a s\u1ed1, an l\u1ea1c cho \u0111a s\u1ed1, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi…”? (8)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

P: – N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(238) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3”. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(239)… L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “V\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean v\u00e0o ai kh\u00e1c, tr\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Kacc\u0101yana, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn” (9). C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7mkhi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

(204)… L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u1ef3-kheo-ni Vajira \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00c1c Ma nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay sao.<\/p>\n

“Sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ho\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn hai ch\u1eef ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u00c1c ma<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quy t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady U\u1ea9n quy t\u1ee5<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec sanh<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec di\u1ec7t”. (10)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

(241) Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u00f4n Gi\u1ea3 Ananda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n: “Tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi?” V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng “V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, n\u00e0y Ananda, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, n\u00e0y Ananda, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3? M\u1eaft, n\u00e0y Ananda, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. C\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Nh\u00e3n x\u00fac l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3… Do duy\u00ean \u00fd x\u00fac, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd g\u00ec, l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, hay phi l\u1ea1c, phi kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 hay kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, N\u00e0y Ananda, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 hay kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y”…? (11)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(242) Th. – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu” v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt… c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng? Hay n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng?” Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi “Th\u01b0a v\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n”. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai: t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3”. Sau khi ch\u1ebft ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i…”? (12)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(243) Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “C\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, n\u00e0y Leniya, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? H\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n sau th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 hai ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, b\u1ebfn v\u1eefng c\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi sau… h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 ba kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi sau”? (13) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng, b\u00e0i kinh th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: -… Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3i d\u1ea7u, n\u1ed3i m\u1eadt, m\u00eda, s\u1eefa,… b\u00e1t c\u01a1m, n\u1ed3i ch\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed3i ch\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

P: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p T\u1eadp y\u1ebfu Lu\u1eadn – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7.<\/p>\n

(2) Itivuttaka (24).<\/p>\n

(3) Samyutta-Nik\u0101ya iii 149.<\/p>\n

(4) Cakkhum\u0101.<\/p>\n

(5) Majjhima-Nik\u0101ya, i 482<\/p>\n

(6) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya, i 152<\/p>\n

(7) Sutta-Nip\u0101ta, Verse 1119<\/p>\n

(8) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya 122<\/p>\n

(9) Samyutta-Nik\u0101ya, ii 17 ; iii 135.<\/p>\n

(10) Samyutta-Nik\u0101ya, i134, Pss. Sisters 190<\/p>\n

(11) Samyutta-Nik\u0101ya, iv 54.<\/p>\n

(12) Majjhima-Nik\u0101ya i 138.<\/p>\n

(13) M. i. 138.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I (2) (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

2. S\u1ef0 HO\u1ea0I L\u00ccA QU\u1ea2 A-LA-H\u00c1N<\/h4>\n

(Parih\u0101nikath\u0101)<\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh nh\u01b0 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp (1). N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo (2)”. N\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Sammitiyas, Vajjputtiyas, Sabbattivadins v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c Mah\u0101sanghikas cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. Trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y nh\u1eefng quan ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

I. – S\u1ef0 \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG C\u00c1C LU\u1eacN CH\u1ee8NG:<\/h5>\n

(1) Th: – Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y: 1) V\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o; 2) b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi n\u00e0o; 3) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n; 4) V\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca c\u1ea3 4 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 4 \u0111\u1ea1o; 5) Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 gi\u00e0u sang, n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u1ee9c t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u1ee9c t\u00e0i v\u1eadt, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

II.- L\u00dd LU\u1eacN PH\u1ea2N \u00d0\u1ed0I B\u1eb0NG C\u00c1CH SO S\u00c1NH C\u00c1C T\u1ea6NG TH\u00c1NH:<\/h5>\n

(6) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u00ec ba t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. – B\u1ea5t lai, Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u – c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(7) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, th\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

(8) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, (9 – 13) m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n?<\/p>\n

(14 – 20) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Th\u1ea7n t\u00fac, Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi h\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n

(21 – 32) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf: Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u00d0\u1ea1o m\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n ba qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca?<\/p>\n

(33) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, v\u00e0 trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0i nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, \u00c1i, S\u00e2n v\u00e0 Si (trong th\u1eadp \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p), nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

(34) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, \u00c1i m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u00e2n th\u00f4 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai.<\/p>\n

(35) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3. B\u1ea5t lai.<\/p>\n

(36) Ho\u1eb7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca, hay.<\/p>\n

(37) B\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca.<\/p>\n

(38) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

(39) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn… kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(40 – 44) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong B\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n

(45) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 “\u00d0o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn Tham, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, l\u00e0m cho nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y Tala, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai” (3) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0: S\u00e2n, Si, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n…<\/p>\n

(46) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Th\u1ea7n t\u00fac, Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c chi.<\/p>\n

(47) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 “Xa l\u00eca tham, xa l\u00eca S\u00e2n, xa l\u00eca Si”, “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng”, “Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”, “C\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c h\u1eefu”, “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”, “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5p s\u00f4ng, nh\u1ed5 c\u1eeb, h\u1ea1 c\u1edd Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n”, “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf”, “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng trau d\u1ed3i”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n?<\/p>\n

(48) Theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” th\u00ec ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00f2n “b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n phi th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t(4) ” th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(49 – 51) T\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(52 – 54) Theo Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n phi th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n phi th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(55) Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta? Hay Ng\u00e0i Moggallan\u0101? Hay Ng\u00e0i Kassapa? Hay Ng\u00e0i Kaccay\u0101ha? Hay Ng\u00e0i Kotthita? Hay Ng\u00e0i Panthaka? V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

III. – CH\u1ee8NG MINH T\u1eea C\u00c1C B\u00c0I KINH:<\/h5>\n

(56) Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

“B\u1eadc sa m\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia,<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady ch\u1edb ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng,<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t”? (5)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(57)… L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn Tham, l\u00e0m xong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh”? (6)<\/p>\n

(58)… L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

“V\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng,<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn,<\/p>\n

S\u1eafc, V\u1ecb, Thanh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng, X\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,<\/p>\n

T\u00e2m tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t.” (7)<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong.<\/p>\n

(59) S.V. S. M.: – Theo Ng\u00e0i, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i (4 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i) l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y, ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 5 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecda cho T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? \u01afa th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n), \u01b0a th\u00edch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, \u01b0a th\u00edch ng\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng”. (8)<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

(60) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 vui th\u00edch trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng th\u1ebf gian. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(61) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tham ho\u1eb7c S\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ed ph\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i xa h\u01a1n b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb t\u00f9y mi\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y mi\u00ean. (\u00c1i d\u1ee5c, S\u00e2n h\u1eadn, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi, H\u1eefu \u00e1i, V\u00f4 minh) hay kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(62) Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, theo Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, ho\u00e0i nghi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

(63) Th\u1eadt ra, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”. (9)<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG PH\u1ea0M H\u1ea0NH (Brahmacariyakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: \u00d0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh (Brahmacariyav\u0101sa) c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t gia. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf h\u1ecd, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Sammitiyas, kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f5i S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n hay \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0: Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u1edd, v\u1ecb th\u00ec c\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ebfc, ngu si, \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n, d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2m (ra d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng tay) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hay x\u1ea5u xa. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nghe \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00eau c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0i nghi) vui m\u1eebng hoan h\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng, do qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh (Sammattam) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft cha, s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, ch\u00edch m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p T\u0103ng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7t, \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u, tham \u00e1c, s\u00e2n \u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(2) M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh?<\/p>\n

(3) Sammitiyas: – Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u1eaft h\u1eb3n Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c y, mang b\u00e1t, \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c hay nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c hay hai v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. V\u1eady th\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh?<\/p>\n

(4 – 7) Th: – Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, m\u1eb7c y, mang b\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, mang b\u00e1t…)? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t gia m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh?”… Th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n

(8) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh? Ng\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n sanh \u1edf Lumbini th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n \u1edf th\u00e0nh Banares. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hay sao?<\/p>\n

(9) T\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00edac ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0<\/p>\n

(10) \u1ede Magadhese, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(11) S: – Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Th: – \u00d0\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ecb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e3 man v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n

(12) S: – Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 c\u00f5i c\u00f3, c\u00f3 c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng”. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Th: – \u00d0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

(13) Th – Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

S: – Ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng \u1edf bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u00e1n khai, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i? N\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh?<\/p>\n

S: – N\u01a1i thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01a1i bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

(14) S: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, trong ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Jambudika (Di\u00eam ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec1) Th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f5i Uttarakuruca (B\u1eafc cu l\u00f4 ch\u00e2u) v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba (\u00d0\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i), Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? Ch\u00fang anh h\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y”? (10)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i Savatthi: “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp”? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Savatthi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f2n n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, hay sao?<\/p>\n

(15) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m “H\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed”, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed”, khi t\u1eed “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y” v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3”, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y sanh kh\u1edfi: “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

(16) Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00e1i sanh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” (c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean) ch\u00ednh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3”, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, ch\u00ednh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” m\u1edbi th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. V\u1eady Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec khi cho r\u1eb1ng ” Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean “?<\/p>\n

S: – B\u1edfi v\u00ec “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y” (c\u00f5i Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i), v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” (c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean), v\u1ecb \u1ea5y m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(17) Th – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y”, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y”, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” (c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t lai h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y” (c\u00f5i Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” (c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y” th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn B\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3”. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y “. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

(18) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai hay qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(19) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, khi t\u00e1i sanh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o “\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng” khi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3” (c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean), v\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

(20) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eadc \u1ea5y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n (\u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7m cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t lai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp th\u00eam (v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh).<\/p>\n

(21) S: – Nh\u01b0 con s\u01a1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi m\u0169i t\u00ean, d\u00f9 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y xa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 g\u1ee5c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, c\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y” s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

Th: – Con s\u01a1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1edfi m\u0169i t\u00ean, d\u00f9 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y xa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3 g\u1ee5c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, khi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y” v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 “\u1ede \u0111\u00f3”, c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn b\u1edfi m\u0169i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 con s\u01a1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

S: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THANH L\u1eccC (Odinisokath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n (11) (t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang ng\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf… S\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n

(1 – 4) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi 3 th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ba th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u1ea5t lai… D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u tam lai, D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u nh\u1ecb lai, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng (12) m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(5 – 8) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, theo Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00fang qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i th\u00f4, S\u00e2n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc – B\u1eadc \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(9 – 12) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, theo Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, S\u00e2n vi t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eadc \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u1edbi, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec th\u00e1nh b\u1eadc Trung Bang B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n. Sanh Bang B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n, V\u00f4 H\u00e0nh Bang B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n, H\u1eefu h\u00e0nh Bang B\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u01b0u Bang B\u1ea5t Ho\u00e0n (13) c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(13 – 16) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, r\u00f5 th\u1ea5u kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00c1i S\u1eafc, \u00c1i V\u00f4 S\u1eafc, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn – nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb – b\u1eadc \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n xa l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n “l\u00e0m xong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m”, “\u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng”, “ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”, “ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c h\u1eefu”, “gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn”, “nh\u1ed5 c\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp c\u1eeb, h\u1ea1 c\u1edd ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n”, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(17) Sammitiyas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu cho quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd, t\u1ea1i sao \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “t\u1eebng ch\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ch\u00fat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thanh l\u1ecdc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c trui m\u00e0i ten v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady? (14)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd sao?<\/p>\n

(18) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“V\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady c\u00f3 ba ph\u00e1p,<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nghi ho\u1eb7c<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9,<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” (15)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(19) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, khi ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n x\u1ea3 ly tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u ph\u00e1t sanh v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o sanh ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7”? (16)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THANH L\u1eccC \u00d4 NHI\u1ec4M (Jahatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ph\u00e0m phu (17) lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Thi\u1ec1n, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Theravadins: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu. Do s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 thanh l\u1ecdc m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t, tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7, thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o, thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, thanh l\u1ecdc trong khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “Thanh l\u1ecdc” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “\u00d0\u00e8 n\u00e9n” t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(3 – 4) M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y thanh l\u1ecdc, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n trong su\u1ed1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp – V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u0169ng th\u1ebf sao? Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec t\u00f4i)<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef “Thanh l\u1ecdc”, “\u00d0\u00e8 n\u00e9n” (trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i), \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai.<\/p>\n

(7 – 8) B\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o (hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o) m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Sammitiyas: – B\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi (18)<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c – Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed – T\u00f9y mi\u00ean – Tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i – Th\u1ee7 – H\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c – \u00c1ch ph\u01b0\u1ee3c – B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u (19), c\u00f3 l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1ea5y sao? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn?<\/p>\n

(9 – 10) Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t lai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu thanh l\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai thanh l\u1ecdc). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp b\u1edfi b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai (v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m).<\/p>\n

(11) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, ngay khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e1nh b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, \u0111\u1eafc 3 qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 3 X\u00fac, 3 Th\u1ecd, 3 T\u01b0, 3 T\u00e2m, 3 T\u00edn, 3 C\u1ea7n, 3 Ni\u1ec7m, 3 \u00d0\u1ecbnh, 3 Tu\u1ec7 (c\u1ee7a 3 \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n

(12) Hay n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t lai” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ba th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac – Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m Th\u1ee7 – t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t lai. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 (v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n, d\u00f9 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng “\u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, ba th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc”.<\/p>\n

(13) M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u00c1i d\u1ee5c Th\u00f4 v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ea5t lai. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n th\u00f4” hay sao? (20)<\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, d\u00f9 cho Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t lai.<\/p>\n

(14) S: Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f3 6 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee7a s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sanh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a 6 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng…” (21). C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(15) V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 Sunetta, d\u1eabu cho c\u00f3 th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh, gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o. Ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec c\u1edb sao? V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp (Appativedh\u0101) b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau: Khi Th\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp; Khi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp; khi Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp; khi Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i, s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn sanh h\u1eefu (bhavanetti) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh”. (22)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu thanh l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n h\u1eadn”.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ea4T C\u1ea2 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU (Sabbamatth\u012btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sabbatthivadins, do ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “S\u1eafc n\u00e0o l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai…”, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai (sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) v\u1eabn gi\u1eef trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

CH\u1ec8NH \u00d0\u1ed0N \u00dd NI\u1ec6M TH\u1edcI GIAN TR\u1eeaU T\u01af\u1ee2NG.<\/h5>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3” \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Do v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i (trong to\u00e0n th\u00e2n), trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ed1i nh\u00eca sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e1nh T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua, \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i? V\u1eady Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a sanh ra, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, ch\u01b0a \u0111i qua, ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i? V\u1eady Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, ch\u01b0a l\u00eca, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ch\u01b0a qua, ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n..<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang sanh, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111ang \u0111i qua, \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n ra, \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111ang ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, theo Ng\u00e0i, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng \u0111ang sanh, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn,… \u0111ang ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n… \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n… c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai ch\u01b0a sanh ra, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn… ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1eady hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a sanh ra, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn… ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 S\u1eafc n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 “\u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t”, “\u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i”, “\u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed3i”, “\u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i”, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 S\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “ch\u01b0a sanh ra”… S\u1eafc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i,… v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i… V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang sanh ra, \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh,… v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu S\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 S\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng \u0111ang sanh ra, \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh… L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean tan, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tan,… V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai ch\u01b0a sanh ra, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a sanh ra..<\/p>\n

(4) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c – Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tan, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tan…<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a sanh ra, ch\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a sanh ra, ch\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh…<\/p>\n

(5) Trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i “S\u1eafc U\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i” (23) m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng hai t\u1eeb “S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n” v\u00e0 “hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

– S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang di\u1ec7t, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

– T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(6) S: – Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i “V\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng” m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00e0o, Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng hai t\u1eeb “V\u1ea3i” v\u00e0 “Tr\u1eafng” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

– “v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng”, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf “tr\u1eafng” \u0111i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea3i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea3i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

– T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i “v\u1ea3i tr\u1eafng”, n\u1ebfu b\u1ecf “v\u1ea3i” \u0111i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1eafng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t S\u1eafc, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, S\u1eafv u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

(8) Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n – \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng pg\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1ea9n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh S\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00ec S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t S\u1eafc m\u00e0 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, thay \u0111\u1ed5i? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. V\u1eady th\u00ed Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n…<\/p>\n

(9) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 khi Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “V\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” Ng\u00e0i n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1ecb lai, v\u00e0 khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(10) M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

(11) N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

(12) Khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu). Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m “qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef trang th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng” th\u00ec khi Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bao h\u00e0m Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng…<\/p>\n

(13 – 20) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean (9 – 12) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n”:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, Th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi th\u1ee9ac v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i th\u00eam nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn hai s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, N\u1ebfu Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng, th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd. Khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd. Khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed3i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdng th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i…<\/p>\n

(21) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” th\u00ec khi n\u00f3i “c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3r kh\u1ee9” l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 “v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”, – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” th\u00ec khi n\u00f3i “c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb lai” l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(22) C\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb lai, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi “hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i” v\u00e0 “qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”…<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111ang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 ba ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u00c1P D\u1ee4NG NH\u1eeeNG \u00dd – NI\u1ec6M TH\u1edcI – GIAN \u00d0\u00c3 \u00d0\u01af\u1ee2C CH\u1ec8NH \u00d0\u1ed0N.<\/h5>\n

(23) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0): Nh\u00e3n, C\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c, \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1c, c\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0: Nh\u0129, C\u1ea3nh thinh, Nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd; T\u1ef7, C\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, T\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd; Thi\u1ec7t, C\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd Th\u00e2n, c\u1ea3nh x\u00fac, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd; \u00dd, c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, \u00dd v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(24) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e3n, C\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n v\u1ecb lai v…v…<\/p>\n

(25) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e3n v…v… c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(26) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(27) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng Nh\u00e3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y S\u1eafc qu\u1ea3r kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng Nh\u00e3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(28) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(29) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 tri (\u00d1\u0101na\u1e43) qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 Tri qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u00f4n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

(30) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho Tu\u1ec7 tri v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(31) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 tri hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 tri qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (\u00a7 29) ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u r\u00f5, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t ni\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (Tu\u1ec7 tri) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(32) Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y minh b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Tu\u1ec7 tri hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(33) Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, V\u1eady th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn – tr\u00ecnh – Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf (\u00a7 29 – 31) v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(34) Tu\u1ec7 v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m chung trong c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(35) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd… Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, S\u00e2n, Si, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi, H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, V\u00f4 t\u00e2m, V\u00f4 \u00fay thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(36) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng 5 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed qu\u00e1 kh\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 S\u00e2n vi t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 nh\u0169ng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(37) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y v\u00e0 \u00c1i Th\u00f4, S\u00e2n th\u00f4 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai, Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u00c1i th\u00f4, S\u00e2n th\u00f4?<\/p>\n

(38) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Tham, S\u00e2n v\u00e0 Si c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(39) Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00c1i d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00c1i d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu \u00c1i d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u00c1i d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3? L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 9 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed kh\u00e1c (35).<\/p>\n

(40 – 42) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u01a1i b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u1ea5y trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(43 – 46) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, hay m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(47) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n tay qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea1i hay bu\u00f4ng ra v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. C\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, th\u1ed1i lui, \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i l\u00ean, b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t…. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(48) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho k\u00ean k\u00ean, l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi, l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng g\u00f4ng, c\u00f9m, xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch, b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac trong th\u00f4n \u1ea5p, th\u00e0nh – ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

(49) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c (c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) nh\u01b0; n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(50) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 15 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(51) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 3 Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, – 36 x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(52) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 3 nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi – 54 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(53) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 3 nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n – 66 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(54) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Vua Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, trong v\u1ecb lai hay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 3 v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi? \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(55) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, V\u00ec th\u1ebf, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 Ngi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

(56) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(57) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(58) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(59) S: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”, “V\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

S: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 S\u1eafc g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd g\u00ec…..ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec…..ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh g\u00ec…..ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n”? (24)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(60) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, danh ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, thi thi\u1ebft l\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, nay kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c Sam\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba?”<\/p>\n

a) Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qua, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, S\u1eafc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “\u00d0\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0 “\u00d0\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi thi\u1ebft l\u00e0”\u00d0\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3”, S\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “S\u1ebd c\u00f3”. C\u00f9ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

b) Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc g\u00ec ch\u01b0a sanh, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, S\u1eb1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0. “S\u1ebd c\u00f3” \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0 “S\u1ebd c\u00f3”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “S\u1ebd c\u00f3” S\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3”, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “\u00d0\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3”. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

c) Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111ang sanh, \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, S\u1eafc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3”, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3”, S\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ” \u00d0\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “S\u1ebd c\u00f3”. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, danh ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, thi thi\u1ebft l\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, nay kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Tuy v\u1eady, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1edf Ukkali, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p trong th\u1eddi an c\u01b0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u00f4 t\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u00f4 h\u1eefu lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng 3 ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, danh ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, thi thi\u1ebft l\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng khinh mi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec c\u1edb sao? v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ee3 qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch? (25)<\/p>\n

(61) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u1ef3 kheo Phagguna \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: “B\u1ea1ch \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n nh\u00e3n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sanh t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Nh\u00e3n \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Hay Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”. V\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: “N\u00e0y Phagguna, Nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1c quan n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”? (26)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”, “T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

(62) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i Nandaka \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “Tham c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t: S\u00e2n v\u00e0 Si c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t?” (27)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

(63) S: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 tham; c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, c\u00f3 \u00e1i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 Danh s\u1eafc sanh. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc sanh, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c H\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1c H\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y H\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 sanh gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai…. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 sanh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ta n\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, c\u00f3 n\u00e3o. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 Kheo, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00fac th\u1ef1c,… t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c… th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 tham, c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, c\u00f3 \u00e1i….c\u00f3 s\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, c\u00f3 n\u00e3o”? (28)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng “V\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” sao?<\/p>\n

(64) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u1ebfu \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i, th\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c an tr\u00fa, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c an tr\u00fa, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Danh S\u1eafc sanh. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh S\u1eafc sanh, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c H\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u1eefu t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u1eefu t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ta n\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00fac th\u1ef1c… t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c…. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i….kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o”?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “V\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 U\u1ea8N QU\u00c1 KH\u1ee8 (Atita Khandh\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 bao g\u1ed3m trong U\u1ea9n (Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Sabbatthivadins cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 u\u1ea9n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00ec c\u00e1c U\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(1) Sabbatthivadins: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 trong u\u1ea9n – nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m – th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi hay c\u1ea3 ba: U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi. (29)<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb lai g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong u\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m – th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi hay c\u1ea3 ba: U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c (X\u1ee9 – Gi\u1edbi) c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi u\u1ea9n v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong u\u1ea9n – hay c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c hay c\u00e1c X\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n – kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(6) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, V\u1ecb lai g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong U\u1ea9n – X\u1ee9 – Gi\u1edbi… v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(7) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh U\u1ea9n – X\u1ee9 – Gi\u1edbi hay c\u1ea3 ba: U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(8) V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc trong v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n… th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn S\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(9) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, g\u1ed3m trong S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(10) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, thay “S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9” b\u1eb1ng “S\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai”.<\/p>\n

(11) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(12) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1ecb lai kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(13) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, thay ch\u1eef “S\u1eafc” b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9 hay Gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(14) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(15) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, bao g\u1ed3m trong U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9 hay Gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(16) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(17) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9 hay Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n… c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(18) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

(19) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai bao g\u1ed3m trong U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

S: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, danh ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9, thi thi\u1ebft l\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, nay kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c Sam\u00f4n, B\u00e0lam\u00f4n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba?(1) Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc (hay m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o) g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qua, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, s\u1eafc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng danh l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3” s\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 “hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0”s\u1ebd c\u00f3” (2) Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc (hay m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o) ch\u01b0a sanh, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu…(3) Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc (hay m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o) \u0111\u00e3 sanh, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”? (30)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai g\u1ed3m trong U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(20) S – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng.”N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 s\u1eafc g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i hay thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ecd g\u00ec… ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec… ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 H\u00e0nh g\u00ec… ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c g\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,…” (31)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

S: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai bao g\u1ed3m trong u\u1ea9n”… kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU C\u1ee6A QU\u00c1 KH\u1ee8 V\u00c0 V\u1eca LAI (Ekaccamatth\u012btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: (i) M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, (ii) m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Sabbathiv\u0101dins, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Kassapikas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101dins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu…” \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng) m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) \u00d0\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y – v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y – h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3 (do t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh, s\u1eafc, ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. (32)<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, theo s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ebf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, v\u1eady ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Kassapikas: – Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u0169a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p sau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3 (ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd). L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t sao? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1iv\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1eeba h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i). C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(5) K: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3r kh\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

K: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

K: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y (nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(6) (i) \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “V\u1ecb lai c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?”, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng” Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng” c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n” c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(7) Theo l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (ii) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb lai n\u00e0o th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (s\u1ebd sanh ra ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn) th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”. V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh ra l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(8) Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh, ch\u01b0a sanh ra, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a sanh ra, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Hay l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh, ch\u01b0a sanh ra, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(9) K: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu “?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

K: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

K: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(10) Th: – Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb lai, n\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd sanh, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

K: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

K: – Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

K: – C\u00f3 (v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

K: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i kia m\u00e0.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NI\u1ec6M X\u1ee8 (Satipatth\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Andhakas v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Pubbaseliyas, Aparaseliyas, Rajagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas, c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9. Do h\u1ecd suy lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb b\u00e0i kinh “T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9” (Satipatth\u0101na – Samyutta) c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9” (33). \u00d0\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101dins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Andhakas: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, Ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n, Ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c, Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi, Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m… l\u00e0 “Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t”, “\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn”, “\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9”, v\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a L\u1eadu Ho\u1eb7c – Ki\u1ebft S\u1eed – T\u00f9y mi\u00ean – Tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i – Th\u1ee7 – H\u1ec7 Ph\u01b0\u1ee3c – \u00c1ch ph\u01b0\u1ee3c – B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, Gi\u1edbi, Th\u00ed, Thi\u1ec1n, Ni\u1ec7m S\u1ed1 t\u1ee9c quan, Ni\u1ec7m T\u1eed, Ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e2n, Ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” (34). Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea7p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec v\u1eady – Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, Ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n… Ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u00f4i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n N\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, n\u0103m Ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9, Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, T\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, V\u00f4 \u00fay, c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1c l\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

(5) A: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9”?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

A: – Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng (do Ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

A: – N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9”?<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng “Do Ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

A: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Do X\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 X\u00fac x\u1ee9 (phassapatth\u0101na) kh\u00f4ng? \u00d0\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c do m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd x\u1ee9, T\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9,… kh\u00f4ng? Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(6) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Ni\u1ec7m thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 th\u00ec Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m (Paribhunjati). Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m”. (35)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c trong ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(7) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea7u bi, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tri, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9”? (36)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh” c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y sao? Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh” kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(8) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “Khi b\u1eadc Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 xe ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u, voi ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u, ng\u1ef1a ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u, ng\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u00fd b\u00e1u, ng\u1ecdc n\u1eef b\u00e1u, c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u00e1u, t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n b\u00e1u; n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, khi b\u1eadc Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Khi Nh\u01b0 lai, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi, Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi, C\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c chi, H\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c chi, Khinh an gi\u00e1c chi, \u00d0\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi, v\u00e0 X\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c chi. N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo khi Nh\u01b0 lai, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.” (37).<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p” tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 khi Nh\u01b0 lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n? Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea7p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(9) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p trong 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0: T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac, Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ee5c, Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi, B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn?<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 HI\u1ec6N H\u1eeeU C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P (Hevatthitikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Pubaseliyas… H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 S\u1eafc v\u00e0 Danh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay v\u1ecb lai, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101dins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Andhakas: – Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th – Theo Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn – \u00d0i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn – V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 “hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i “s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”, “l\u00e0” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0” v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i “kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “l\u00e0”, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb lai ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ngay trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c; v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(4) N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m, th\u00ec n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

A: – Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb lai, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

(7) – V\u1eady c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i “qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c”.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

A: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i theo Ng\u00e0i, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai – V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(8) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

A: – Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th: – \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc “c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu” v\u00e0 do v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(9) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 4 u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c: Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(10 – 11) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p: “M\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i S\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n danh u\u1ea9n kia l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu…” th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(12) A: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c”.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

A: – Nh\u01b0ng theo Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n (S\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecd…. Th\u1ee9c). Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya i 96.<\/p>\n

(2) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya iii 173.<\/p>\n

(3) A. i 128.<\/p>\n

(4) Puggala Pa\u00f1\u00f1athi, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8.<\/p>\n

(5) Sutta-Nipata, ver 714.<\/p>\n

(6) Sutta-Nipata, ver 741; Angutta Nik\u0101ya, ii.10; Itivuttaka 15, 105.<\/p>\n

(7) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya iii 378; Pss of the Brethen, vers 648<\/p>\n

(8) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya iii 173.<\/p>\n

(9) Anguttara-Nik\u0101ya iii 173.<\/p>\n

(10) A. iv 396<\/p>\n

(11) Odhis-Odhiso<\/p>\n

(12) Xem Atth\u0101salini, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1; hay Puggala Pannatti, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7.<\/p>\n

(13) Xem Puggala Pannatti, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5.<\/p>\n

(14) Dhp. c\u00e2u 239<\/p>\n

(15) Sn. C\u00e2u 231<\/p>\n

(16) Vin. i 97; S. iv 44, 107; A. iv 186.<\/p>\n

(17) Putthijjano<\/p>\n

(18) Xem Buddhist Ethics 82, n2<\/p>\n

(19) Xem Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7<\/p>\n

(20) Xem S.v 357, A. I 232, ii 89.<\/p>\n

(21) A. iii. 373<\/p>\n

(22) A. iv 104.<\/p>\n

(23) Paccuppanam R\u016bpam<\/p>\n

(24) M iii 16; S, iii 47<\/p>\n

(25) S. iii 71<\/p>\n

(26) S. iv 52<\/p>\n

(27) A, i 179<\/p>\n

(28) S. iii 101<\/p>\n

(29) Xem Atthasalini, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1ed9t; v\u00e0 Dh\u0101tukath\u0101, b\u00e0i M\u1ed9t<\/p>\n

(30) S. iii 71.<\/p>\n

(31) S. iii 47.<\/p>\n

(32) Xem b\u00e0i Matik\u0101, c\u00e2u 3 b\u1ed9 Dhammasangani.<\/p>\n

(33) S. v 184<\/p>\n

(34) M. i 55; S. v 141; Vibh. 193f. 206.<\/p>\n

(35) A. i, 45.<\/p>\n

(36) S. v 141; M. i, 55<\/p>\n

(37) S. v 99<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. S\u1ef0 \u00d4 NHI\u1ec4M C\u1ee6A V\u1eca A-LA-H\u00c1N (Par\u016bpah\u0101rakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t tinh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Aparaseliyas, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t tinh, d\u00f9 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t hay ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean ma c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m cho v\u1ecb n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t tinh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh c\u00f2n do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tu t\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0u, c\u1ea9u… d\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n).<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh, tuy Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0 D\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng hay \u00c1i d\u1ee5c (\u00c1i nhi\u1ec5m) hay D\u1ee5c Tri\u1ec1n, D\u1ee5c b\u1ed9c, D\u1ee5c ph\u1ed1i, D\u1ee5c c\u00e1i. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sinh l\u00fd (c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3), th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u1eady do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh?<\/p>\n

Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Aparaseliyas: – Ch\u00ednh Thi\u00ean ma l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1eady Thi\u00ean ma t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t tinh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P.A: – Kh\u00f4ng, Thi\u00ean ma kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh.<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean ma l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(4) S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb \u1ea5y hay kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Thi\u00ean ma m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n hay m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(5) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i Thi\u00ean ma l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n qua l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean ma l\u00e0m cho b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t tinh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean ma l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n?<\/p>\n

P.A: – V\u1edbi \u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean ma: “Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0i nghi cho v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”. (1)<\/p>\n

Th – V\u1eady b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi sao? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i; n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, H\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 sanh, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, Y T\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh, \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(6) Ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng (n\u1ebfu b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi th\u00ec b\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eady). Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

(7) N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, V\u1eady do nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng do \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, nhai, n\u1ebfm; nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, nhai, n\u1ebfm, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t tinh. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb con, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfn, hay nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, nhai, n\u1ebfm. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(8) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0103n, u\u1ed1ng, nhai, n\u1ebfm. C\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

(9) N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, th\u00ec b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i Ka-si nhuy\u1ec5n (do lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e0n) trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e0ng hoa v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u thoa t\u00f3c, t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m phu n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(10) Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n – Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn – B\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Tala \u0111\u1ee9t ng\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1eadc m\u00e0 S\u00e2n, Si, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 \u00fay,… \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(11 – 12) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c trong s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00c1i d\u1ee5c… v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

(13) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m, \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong c\u00e1c h\u1eefu, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5p c\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ed5 c\u1eeb l\u00ean r\u1ed3i, b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n then ch\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ea1 c\u1edd ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m xong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, tuy\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5, tuy\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, trau d\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng trau d\u1ed3i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(14 – 20) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

P.A: – \u00d0\u00fang th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p (A-la-h\u00e1n r\u00e0nh trong ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh, c\u00f2n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (A-la-h\u00e1n r\u00e0nh trong ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) (2) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. Trong khi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nhau, c\u1ea3 hai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn…<\/p>\n

(21) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0o d\u00f9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00ec tinh d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ra ngay c\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb du s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh? Do \u0111\u00f3, cho r\u1eb1ng A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t tinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”? (3)<\/p>\n

(22) P.A: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P.A: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111em d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n y, b\u00e1t, s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda hay thu\u1ed1c men tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(23) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, ngo\u00e0i t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u qu\u1ea3, Nh\u1ea5t lai qu\u1ea3, B\u1ea5t lai qu\u1ea3 hay A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng \u00e0? Do \u0111\u00f3, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TRI KI\u1ebeN C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC A-LA-H\u00c1N (Annanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thua k\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i Theravadins.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh: v\u00f4 minh b\u1ed9c, v\u00f4 minh ph\u1ed1i, v\u00f4 minh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, v\u00f4 minh tri\u1ec1n, v\u00f4 minh ki\u1ebft s\u1eed. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh b\u1ed9c, v\u00f4 minh ph\u1ed1i…<\/p>\n

(3) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tri ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n

(4) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 do tri ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u, \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ea3 x\u00f3m hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00f3n n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n qu\u00ea hay d\u00e2n th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(5) Th\u1eadt ra Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec do tri ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(6) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tri ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 sanh, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, y t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn. Tuy v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(7) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

(8 – 10) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb A\u00ed d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 \u00fay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Tala \u0111\u1ee9t ng\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c trong ph\u00e1p ly tham c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u00e1i, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea… v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

(11 – 16) Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, c\u00f2n b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(17) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, Nh\u01b0 lai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn? \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 S\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sanh c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sanh ra c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n. N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn”? (4)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

(18) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, Nh\u01b0 lai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn? \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn”? (5)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf)v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

(19) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 tri c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ly tham, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, ly tham, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5”? (6)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t… l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn?)<\/p>\n

(20) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “Khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00e0nh 6 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa (ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn)”? (7)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

(21) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo v\u1edbi v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n x\u00e3 ly tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh sanh ra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p sanh, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi C\u1ea5m th\u1ee7”? (8)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

(22) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft t\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang hay sai, bi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf c\u00e2y, r\u1eebng b\u1ee5i”? Do v\u1eady, th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(23) Th: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n tri ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3, Nh\u1ea5t lai qu\u1ea3, B\u1ea5t lai qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 HO\u00c0I NGHI C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC A-LA-H\u00c1N (Kankh\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 2 (t\u1eebng c\u00e2u m\u1ed9t) nh\u01b0ng thay ch\u1eef “Ho\u00e0i Nghi” (Kanth\u0101) cho ch\u1eef “b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn” v\u00e0 “ho\u00e0i nghi” (vicikicch\u0101) cho “v\u00f4 minh”, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 sau:<\/p>\n

(1) Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p “Tri\u1ec1n”, “B\u1ed9c “, “Ti\u1ec1m th\u00f9y” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0i nghi. — Xem (1) v\u00e0 (2) c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 2.<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n (4, 5) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m phu n\u00e0o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(3) \u00d0o\u1ea1n (20) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

(20) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“Khi n\u00e0o b\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed \u0111ang tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Do s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi,<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o b\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed \u0111ang tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Do th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ebft duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e3o b\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed \u0111ang tin t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Do s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3 \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i lui, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, khi c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c tha nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi, b\u1eadc ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho t\u00e2m d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf” (9)<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 SI\u00caU PH\u00c0M C\u1ee6A A-LA-H\u00c1N (Parivit\u0101ran\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau ph\u00e0m b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 2 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, thay si\u00eau ph\u00e0m b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

a) (1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau ph\u00e0m do nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n) c\u0169ng nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5, c\u00f2n m\u00ea m\u1edd v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si\u00eau ph\u00e0m l\u00e0 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

b) \u00d0o\u1ea1n 4 v\u00e0 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n

c) C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 5 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb (17 – 21) \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh th\u1ee9 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(20) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1. “N\u00e0y Dhotaka, kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y do c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u00ednh trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nh\u01b0 lai v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u”. (10)<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1T \u00c2M TRONG KHI NH\u1eacP THI\u1ec0N (Vacibhedakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m trong khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, “\u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u”, k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “T\u1ea7m” v\u00e0 “T\u1ee9” hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n (T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn Thinh). Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101dins.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Ng\u00e0i n\u00eau ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c t\u1eebng thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u1eefu l\u00fd? N\u1ebfu th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u1ea9u c\u0169ng thanh t\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu trong khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

(4) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng khi bi\u1ebft “Kh\u1ed5” th\u00ec k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebft “T\u1eadp” th\u00ec k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “T\u1eadp”. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1eb1ng khi bi\u1ebft “Di\u1ec7t” hay “\u00d0\u1ea1o” th\u00ec k\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(5) T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ba ti\u1ebfng sau (T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u00d0\u1ea1o) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7u “Kh\u1ed5”?<\/p>\n

(6) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 (Th\u00e1nh) \u00d0\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Thinh, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 Thinh.<\/p>\n

(7) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7, Thinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u0129 c\u00f3 Thinh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m trong l\u00fac nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n (V\u00ec l\u00fac nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 \u00fd tu\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

(7a) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng trong khi Tu\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ebf v\u00e0 Nh\u0129 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Thinh m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai x\u00fac, 2 th\u1ecd, 2 t\u01b0\u1edfng, 2 t\u01b0, 2 t\u00e2m (trong c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na). \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(8) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, tuy Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m t\u1ea7ng thi\u00ean(11) c\u00f3 ch\u00edn t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, m\u00e0u xanh, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, hay m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc(12). V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, minh b\u1ea1ch?<\/p>\n

(9) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(10) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m d\u00f9 cho b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n si\u00eau th\u1ebf. V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(11) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 sau.<\/p>\n

(12) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n si\u00eau th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, c\u00f2n nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, tam thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n (Si\u00eau th\u1ebf) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1eebng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00ec v\u1edbi l\u00fd do g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ba t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n sau?<\/p>\n

(13 – 14) P: – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n trong l\u00fac nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh”(13) hay sao? V\u00e0 T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u1ea7ng s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 sao? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(15) Th: – Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t trong t\u00e1m t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(16) P: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m l\u00e0m s\u1edf sanh hay sao? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

(17) Th: – \u00d0\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1eafm. \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m s\u1edf sanh(14) m\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1eadp, Nh\u1ecb, Tam, T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 n\u1eefa. V\u1edbi 4 thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(18) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t”? (15)<\/p>\n

(19) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec trong b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau: “Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec T\u1ea7m T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp tam thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec h\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf di\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 th\u00ec S\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 th\u00ec Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t. Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 th\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh th\u00ec Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t”. (16)<\/p>\n

(20) P.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ea1i sao \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Thinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n”?(17) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(21) Th – Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean l\u1eabn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(22) P.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ananda, Abhikhu, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n Sikhin, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sa b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

“H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ma qu\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u00f2i ph\u00e1 ch\u00f2i l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ai trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

An tr\u00fa kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\u00d0o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn v\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au”. (18)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c0NH \u00d0\u1ea0T TU\u1ec6 B\u1eb0NG TI\u1ebeNG “KH\u1ed4” (Dukkh\u0101n\u0101rakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u1eef “Kh\u1ed5” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas, cho r\u1eb1ng khi k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” th\u00ec th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (\u00d1\u0101na\u1e43) v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o. H\u1ecd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Theravadins – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn lu\u00f4n r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb v\u00f4 v\u0103n ph\u00e0m phu k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, k\u1ebb ch\u00edch m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ebb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng, khi k\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng “Kh\u1ed5” c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u00ccNH TR\u1ee4 C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M (Cittatthitikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m trong Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n tin r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00f5i V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 theo ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o, t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1t na = 1\/ 1027 gi\u00e2y) Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 kinh “Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ea1o”, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n (H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1i T\u00e2m).<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1t na sanh \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 trong n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y, c\u00f2n s\u00e1t na di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 trong n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, d\u1ea7u trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 hai ng\u00e0y, 4 ng\u00e0y, 8, 10 hay 20 ng\u00e0y; hay 1 th\u00e1ng, 2, 4, 8 hay 10 th\u00e1ng, hay 1 n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sao? V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t nhanh nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, Nh\u01b0 lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t nhanh h\u01a1n t\u00e2m, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m nhanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o”? (19)<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, “Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 nh\u1ea3y nh\u00f3t chuy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0nh c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0nh c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m hay th\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y c\u0169ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”. (20)<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c hay m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Hay m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 \u00fay, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, ng\u1eedi, n\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? Hay th\u00e2\u00e1y, nghe,… \u0111\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(6) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ed1i lui c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u00ecn lui c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed3i, s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m, xoay qua tr\u00e1i, xoay qua ph\u1ea3i,… c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(7) V\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng… Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi (nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean, Ph\u1ea1m Ph\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean S\u1eafc C\u1ee9u C\u00e1nh) T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

(8) T\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 trong 20 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 S\u1eafc, Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 100 n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 500 n\u0103m trong c\u00f5i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1edbi 16.000 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp trong c\u00f5i \u00d0\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean. (21)<\/p>\n

(9) A: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

A: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

A: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m?<\/p>\n

Th: – M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ngtrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong su\u1ed1t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eed c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5c sinh. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 TH\u1ed0NG KH\u1ed4 C\u1ee6A TH\u1ebe GIAN (Kukkulakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Golulikas, do hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u kinh: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eeda” (22), “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o” (23), cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eaft, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Therav\u0101dins: – Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u00e2n l\u1ea1c, t\u00e2m l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong c\u00e1ch n\u1eb1m, c\u00e1ch \u0111i, c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n), h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u1ee7, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u1eefu h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00f4 h\u1ef7, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1eeb n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9? t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Gokulikas: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eeda: t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eeda? m\u1eaft l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, c\u00e1i s\u1eafc l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, nh\u00e3n x\u00fac l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, d\u00f9 cho c\u00f3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3ng do l\u1eeda tham, n\u00f3ng do l\u1eeda s\u00e2n, n\u00f3ng do l\u1eeda si, n\u00f3ng do th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u00f3ng do s\u1ef1 sanh, n\u00f3ng do s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0, n\u00f3ng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, n\u00f3ng do l\u1eeda s\u1ea7u, l\u1eeda kh\u00f3c, l\u1eeda \u01b0u, l\u1eeda ai. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c (Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n, \u00dd), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng x\u00fac kh\u00e1c, (Nh\u0129 x\u00fac,… \u00dd x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eeda” (24)? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay sao?<\/p>\n

(3) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 S\u1eafc th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ebfn r\u0169. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Thinh… H\u01b0\u01a1ng… V\u1ecb… X\u00fac… Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ebfn r\u0169,…”? (25)<\/p>\n

(4) G: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp x\u00fac, ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c; ph\u00e0m Thinh… H\u01b0\u01a1ng… V\u1ecb… X\u00fac… Ph\u00e1p g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c”?(26)<\/p>\n

(5) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, danh th\u01a1m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp x\u00fac, Ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c: Ph\u00e0m Thinh… H\u01b0\u01a1ng… V\u1ecb… X\u00fac… Ph\u00e1p g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c”? (27)<\/p>\n

(6) G: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o”? (28)<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111em k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng? Hay gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(8) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

“Vi\u1ec5n ly l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tri t\u00fac.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nghe ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ai \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ly tham l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Ai nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y an l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.”? (29)<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TI\u1ebeN TR\u00ccNH CH\u1ee8NG NG\u1ed8 (Anupubb\u0101bhisamayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp (t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u sai m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau: “T\u1eebng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c l\u1ecdc b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 trong v\u00e0ng “. (30) V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Andhakas, Sabbathiv\u0101dins, Sammitiyas v\u00e0 Bradr\u0101yanikas c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 B\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebf m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1edbp. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp s\u00e1t na).<\/p>\n

(2 – 4) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(5) (H\u00e3y k\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t). Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

A.S.S.B.: – B\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng \u00bc nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u1edbi \u00bc n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u00bc th\u00ec th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f2n \u00bc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00bc th\u00ec th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u00bc \u0111ang x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 \u00bc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u00e3i ch\u1ec9 \u00bc th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u1ea5t lai, c\u00f2n \u00bc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00bc th\u00ec th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u l\u1ee5c lai, D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u nh\u1ea5t lai…? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00bc th\u00ec c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00bc th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7p theo Th\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n \u00bc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(6) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, Tam qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, theo Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

(7 – 9) Ho\u1eb7c khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai, b\u1ea5t lai, A-la-h\u00e1n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

A.S.S.B: – B\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00c1i, S\u00e2n th\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00bc nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7: B\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00c1i v\u00e0 S\u00e2n t\u1ebf c\u00f9ng \u00bc nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (\u00c1i S\u1eafc, \u00c1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u00f4 minh) c\u00f9ng \u00bc nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o li\u00ean h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Th: – T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00bc th\u00ec th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n \u00bc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. v…v…<\/p>\n

(10) Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, \u0111ang th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 g\u1ecdi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “B\u1eadc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh” (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u) kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

A.S.S.B: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Khi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 g\u1ecdi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “B\u1eadc \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3” (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u) kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi 3 \u0111\u1ebf kia – Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(11) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t B\u1eadc \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “B\u1eadc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh” (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u) v\u00e0 khi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u1eadc \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 trong qu\u1ea3” (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u). Tai sao Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc n\u00e0o \u0111ang th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o”, c\u00f2n khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3”? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u”, c\u00f2n khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u”.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf hay Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o”, c\u00f2n khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebf \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3” – T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

(12) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o khi \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ” Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o”, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u00d0\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3” (Nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n 10). V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta thay th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0o (T\u1eadp – Di\u1ec7t – \u00d0\u1ea1o), nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd (nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n 11).<\/p>\n

(13) Nh\u01b0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra (trong ph\u1ea7n 12), Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 T\u1eadp v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3”.<\/p>\n

(14) A.S.S.B.: – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – \u00d0\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

A.S.S.B.: – V\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – (\u00c0, kh\u00f4ng! D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i hay v\u1edbi t\u00f4i) n\u1ebfu S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n (Khandha) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec 5 u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 5 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(15) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho 12 x\u1ee9, 18 gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 22 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(16) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u b\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n Tu\u1ec7 (nh\u01b0 4 Tu\u1ec7, 8 Tu\u1ec7, 12 Tu\u1ec7, 44 Tu\u1ec7, 77 Tu\u1ec7), Th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tu\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

(17) A.S.S.B.: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, nghi\u00eang xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed1 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, trong ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t c\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”? (31) (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: Quan ni\u1ec7m “Ti\u1ec7m tu” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 “\u00d0\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9”).<\/p>\n

(18) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “T\u1eebng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i, b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c l\u1ecdc b\u1ee3n nh\u01a1 trong v\u00e0ng”.(32)<\/p>\n

(19) Th – V\u00e2ng, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Gavampati \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n nghe t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u01b0a Ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ai th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. Ai th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. Ai th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. Ai th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. Ai th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t ” (33)<\/p>\n

(20) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

“V\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7,<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ba ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf:<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nghi ho\u1eb7c,<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m<\/p>\n

S\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u01a1i t\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u th\u00f9 di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Mong v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac”? (34)<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo khi ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n x\u1ea3 ly tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed r\u1ed3i, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7.”?<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee C\u1ee6A \u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT (Veh\u0101rakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf. V\u00ec h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u sai m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 “Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef” v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o (Trung b\u1ed9 kinh, 117). \u00d0\u00fang ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c si\u00eau th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi Tr\u00ed si\u00eau th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 si\u00eau th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1o, Qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, v\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n, Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, Nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac, Quy\u1ec1n, L\u1ef1c, Gi\u00e1c chi?<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u0129, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi Nh\u0129 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u0129. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng? (Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (35) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, m\u00ea m\u1edd, l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm, l\u00e0m quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, l\u00e0m nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, suy y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sanh?<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c v\u1ebf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng? (36) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 \u00e2n h\u1eadn, o\u00e1n h\u1eddn, s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sanh?<\/p>\n

(6) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n? (37) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed m\u00f9 l\u00f2a, s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t si\u00eau th\u1ebf l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

(7) V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ai nghe ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ebf sao? nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebb ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n khi nghe l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng, nghe l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3…<\/p>\n

(8) Andhakas: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady v\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0ng. C\u0169ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y, kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, l\u1eabn ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – D\u00f9ng c\u00e2y \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u00faa l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1ng v\u00e0ng v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(9) Theo Ng\u00e0i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf khi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe b\u1eb1ng nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe b\u1eb1ng nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c si\u00eau th\u1ebf khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m phu hi\u1ec3u Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7, c\u00f2n Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00ec hi\u1ec3u Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n

(10) A: – Theo Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y hay sao? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(11) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ea1o khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1o. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, s\u1eb1c ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0I\u1ec6T \u00d0\u1ed8 (Nirodhakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba trong T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf (Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf) li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn hai s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, 2 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, 2 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, 2 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai s\u1edf y, 2 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, 2 n\u01a1i \u1ea9n tr\u00fa, 2 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, 2 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, 2 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong t\u1ea1ng Kinh) nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 th\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp – nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 l\u1eb1n m\u1ee9c trong 2 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n (patisankh\u0101) c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n? Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(3) M. A: – Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(4) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3rn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng v\u1edbi l\u00fd do tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, theo Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd sanh n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, do v\u1eady s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Vimatim g\u0101hayiss\u0101m\u0101ti<\/p>\n

(2) Xem Puggala Pannatti, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6.<\/p>\n

(3) Vinaya. i 295.<\/p>\n

(4) S. ii 29.<\/p>\n

(5) S. v 434<\/p>\n

(6) S. iv 17<\/p>\n

(7) Xem (I.4)<\/p>\n

(8) S. iv. 17.<\/p>\n

(9) Ud. V7<\/p>\n

(10) Sn. 1064.<\/p>\n

(11) Bud. Psy. Eth., 43, n. 4. 58.<\/p>\n

(12) S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, p. 11<\/p>\n

(13) M. i. 301: vitakka-vicar\u0101 vaci-sankh\u0101ro<\/p>\n

(14) Xem Dhammasangan\u012b.<\/p>\n

(15) S. iv 217.<\/p>\n

(16) S. iv 217.<\/p>\n

(17) A.v.133<\/p>\n

(18) S. i 157.<\/p>\n

(19) A. i. 10<\/p>\n

(20) S. ii 95<\/p>\n

(21) Xem Compendium, tr. 140, 142.<\/p>\n

(22) Vin. I 134<\/p>\n

(23) Dl. ii 175.<\/p>\n

(24) Vin. I 134.<\/p>\n

(25) M i 85,92.<\/p>\n

(26) S. iv. 126.<\/p>\n

(27) S. iv. 126<\/p>\n

(28) A. i 128; Dl. ii 232.<\/p>\n

(29) Ud. ii.1<\/p>\n

(30) Sn. c\u00e2u 962; Dhp. c\u00e2u 239.<\/p>\n

(31) Vin. iii 303.<\/p>\n

(32) S. v 436.<\/p>\n

(33) Sn. c\u00e2u 231.<\/p>\n

(34) Xem I. 5 & 19.<\/p>\n

(35) Xem Thag. c\u00e2u 1270; Dl. ii 16<\/p>\n

(36) Xem 160; D. P\u0101thika Suttanta<\/p>\n

(37) Xem S, iv 93<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NH\u01af LAI L\u1ef0C (Balakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u01b0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai L\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t sai l\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 kinh ph\u1ea9m Anurudha: “N\u00e0y T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, t\u00f4i tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 phi x\u1ee9…”<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp l\u1ef1c Nh\u01b0 Lai, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n (\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 L\u00e2u t\u1eadn minh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 c\u0103n (Ng\u0169 Quy\u1ec1n) bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, Nh\u01b0 lai hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (Nh\u1ee9t Thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed) c\u00f2n thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3i bi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (padesena). Ch\u01b0 thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 10 Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung cho ch\u01b0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 Thinh v\u0103n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o trong 10 l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p (m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ai t\u00ecm ra) c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai. Nh\u01b0ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng, Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e2n S\u01b0, Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri, To\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfn, To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai t\u00ecm ra, thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai th\u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong 10 Nh\u01b0 Lai L\u1ef1c l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec1n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc to\u00e0n tri v\u00e0 to\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(4) Andhakas: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 phi x\u1ee9, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 phi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) th\u00ec r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 l\u01b0c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 lai v\u00e0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(6 – 11) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edfng (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi), bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec3u, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh t\u00fay theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n (T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, B\u00e1t thi\u1ec1n, Tam minh, theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh hay nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nguy hi\u1ec3m (trong c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t hay nh\u1eadp) c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh), bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh (Sanh t\u1eed minh). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed Tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u00e3 Tu\u1ec7 tri, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u1ea3 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1eadc To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(12) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i L\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 L\u1eadu T\u1eadn minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(13) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 phi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 phi x\u1ee9… c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n

(14) Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 phi nh\u1eadn duy\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 8 l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(15) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 lai L\u1ef1c l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1ch th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 phi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean… c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 L\u1eadu T\u1eadn Minh (tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung).<\/p>\n

(16) M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u1ea3 Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean? v\u00e0 L\u1eadu T\u1eadn Minh. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec1n. \u00d0i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

2. TU\u1ec6 L\u1ef0C C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC TH\u00c1NH (Ariyantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 phi x\u1ee9… (1)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (l\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh) m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 9 l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, Ng\u0169 Quy\u1ec1n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c hay Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? (c\u00f3 hai Tu\u1ec7 Di\u1ec7t: Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n) n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u00fa t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Tu\u1ec7 Di\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Tu\u1ec7 Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai x\u00fac, hai t\u00e2m – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (2)<\/p>\n

(3) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 “V\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng” v\u00e0 “Phi n\u1ed9i” (3)<\/p>\n

(4) Ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t”, “V\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng”, “Phi n\u1ed9i”. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c. Do v\u1eady, Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch: V\u00ec b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 10 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai).<\/p>\n

(5) C\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac… Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi.<\/p>\n

(6) Andhakas: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 “Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t”, “V\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng” v\u00e0 “Phi n\u1ed9i”. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra?<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c trong 10 Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chung c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh – nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1o, Qu\u1ea3…<\/p>\n

(8 – 12) Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn trong ph\u1ea7n (2 – 6) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas – Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c trong 10 Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh… l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

(13) A: – Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 10 trong Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c (L\u1eadu T\u1eadn Minh) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i L\u1ef1c n\u00e0y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hai l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u1eadu T\u1eadn Minh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 10?<\/p>\n

(14) Ph\u00e1i Andhakas ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(15 – 16) Nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n (13, 14) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00eam v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t”, “v\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng” v\u00e0 “phi n\u1ed9i” nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng”, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T (Vimuccatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: “Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” c\u00f3 li\u00ean v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i… (4)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169. Th\u1ef1c ra t\u00e2m ly \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn “Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi \u00e1i, c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi \u00e1i, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi \u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i theo \u00e1i; L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1eadu th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u00f3 x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai: x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0… Tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m c\u00f3 x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai \u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

(4 – 9) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho “s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi “s\u00e2n” v\u00e0 “si” – nh\u1eefng \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(10) Andhakas: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m xa l\u00eca \u00e1i, t\u00e2m xa l\u00eca s\u00e2n, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m xa l\u00eca si m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TI\u1ebeN TR\u00ccNH GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T (Vimuccamanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ea9m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau do s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Thi\u1ec1n (Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (trong s\u00e1t na \u0111\u1ea1o) theo h\u1ecd, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u1eefu l\u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00e2m m\u00f4t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

(2 – 4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho ba \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c: Nh\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(5) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong s\u00e1t na sanh v\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t na di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

(6) Ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: – Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu”? (5) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay sao?<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, thanh t\u1ecbnh, trong s\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhu nhuy\u1ec5n, d\u1ec5 s\u1eef d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c” (6). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(8) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m c\u00f2n \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n \u00e1i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec ho\u00e0i nghi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NG\u01af\u1edcI TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u) (Atthamakakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas, cho r\u1eb1ng trong s\u00e1t na sau t\u00e2m b\u1ecf b\u1ef1c, (7) 2 trong 10 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (\u00d0\u00fang ra, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng “\u0111ang” thay v\u00ec “\u0111\u00e3”).<\/p>\n

(1) Threravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y, b\u1eadc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2 – 3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00f9y mi\u00ean ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111u\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7? Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(4) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y (gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7), Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111u\u1ee3c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi khi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o? V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9?<\/p>\n

(6) N\u1ec1u b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o hay nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c… v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

(7 – 8) A.S.: – V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00f2n sanh kh\u1edfi cho b\u1eadc n\u00e0y n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh kh\u1edfi n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

A.S.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd; t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

(9 – 10) Th: – Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh kh\u1edfi n\u1eefa (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nghi\u1ec7p), Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u00f9y mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh kh\u1edfi ch\u0103ng? V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(11) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u1ea5y. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 QUY\u1ec0N C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI TH\u1ee8 T\u00c1M (AtthamakassaIndriyakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng trong s\u00e1t na \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o (t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t – ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Ng\u0169 Quy\u1ec1n (T\u00edn, T\u1ea5n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

(1) Threravadins: – Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ee9c tin, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00edn quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc \u1ea5y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n quy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: T\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, Ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n, \u00d0\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ee9c T\u00edn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(3) Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: \u00dd quy\u1ec1n, h\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n… m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n(8). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 (c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n

(4) T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(7) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn khi T\u00edn quy\u1ec1n v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t (n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m). Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n quy\u1ec1n, Ni\u1ec7m quy\u1ec1n, \u00d0\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n, Tu\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng ngu \u0111\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n

(8) Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn T\u00edn, T\u1ea5n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (9) c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean (5 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i).<\/p>\n

(9 – 12) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t Lai, qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m; c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7?<\/p>\n

(13) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 Kheo, c\u00f3 n\u0103m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? T\u00edn quy\u1ec1n,… Tu\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, l\u00e0 n\u0103m quy\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n n\u0103m c\u0103n n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. Y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n (A-la-h\u00e1n h\u01b0\u1edbng). Y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai. Y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai (A-na-h\u00e0m h\u01b0\u1edbng). Y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai. Y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u h\u01b0\u1edbng). \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo, n\u0103m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e0m phu”?(10)<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u00caN NH\u00c3N (Dibbacakkhukath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n khi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (Dhammupatthaddam), tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n (Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Nh\u1ee5c Nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee5c Nh\u00e3n, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ngang nhau, b\u1eb1ng nhau, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 (h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n nghi\u1ec7p)(11) c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p phi th\u1ee7, ph\u00e1p d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ph\u00e1p s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan li\u00ean h\u1ed3i c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi (trong Thi\u1ec1n) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nh\u1ee5c Nh\u00e3n, v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(4) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e3n. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ba lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e3n – Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef7 kheo, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e3n – Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? – Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

“V\u1edbi Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n,<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Trong ba lo\u1ea1i Nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y,<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n,<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n,<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c sanh kh\u1edfi:<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u bi”.(12)<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u00caN NH\u0128  (Dibbasotakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1ee5c nh\u0129 khi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Thi\u00ean nh\u0129.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) C\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 7.<\/p>\n

(3) Threravadins: – V\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Thi\u00ean nh\u0129, khi c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Nh\u1ee5c nh\u0129, H\u01a1n N\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Nh\u0129 hay nh\u1ea5t hay Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c, N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Nh\u0129 l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee5c Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 Thi\u00ean nh\u0129.?(13)<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P NH\u00c3N MINH V\u00c0 H\u1ea0NH NGHI\u1ec6P CH\u00daNG SANH. (Yath\u0101kamm\u016bpagatananakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “…V\u1edbi Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh si\u00eau nh\u00e2n, Ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang sanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao sang k\u1ebb h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t… t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd” (14). H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n Minh (Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh) c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Hay n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 2 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa X\u00fac v\u00e0 T\u00e2m. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a: “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng chung, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1c, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n, khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i mang chung, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac”, hay n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh t\u00f9y theo h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd). Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 2 X\u00fac v\u00e0 2 T\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u00f9y theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sariputta, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

“Ta nghe, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed,<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n”<\/p>\n

“Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n,<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft,<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh”? (15)<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 THU TH\u00daC \u1ede C\u00d5I CH\u01af THI\u00caN. (Sanvarakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i thi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi n\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac<\/p>\n

(1) Threravadins: – V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec9a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t (v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac) \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(2) Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00fa th\u00fac, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n khi t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thu th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ed ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u00fa th\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00fa th\u00fac v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

(4) Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u1ede c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa s\u00e1t sanh… v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u”. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, (s\u00e1t sanh… u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(5) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(6 – 7) M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u00ean h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(8) Ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, th\u00ed ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp,… nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 C\u00d5I V\u00d4 T\u01af\u1edeNG (Asa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng. (16)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt “Th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi do h\u00e0nh” (17). Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5c sinh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m; m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh kh\u00e1c “Khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi” (3). Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong l\u00fac t\u1ee5c sinh v\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y (Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng) c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu, T\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng, T\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e3 tr\u1ee5, T\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n? c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang cho b\u1eadc n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u0169 u\u1ea7n h\u1eefu, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ng\u0169 tr\u1ee5,… Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu, nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng… Nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba quy cho v\u1ecb \u1ea5y; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n (18), Ng\u00e0i thay th\u1ebf cho “Ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng” b\u1eb1ng “nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i”, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: “C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu, T\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng,… T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ng\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n sinh, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 b\u00e0o th\u00e2n”. Nh\u01b0 khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (3), n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta thay th\u1ebf “nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i” b\u1eb1ng “m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”.<\/p>\n

(4) Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e3 tr\u1ee5, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng sanh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu, nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng,… cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i? Sau c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(5-6) Andhakas: – N\u1ebfu sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng”, th\u00ec t\u00f4i xin Ng\u00e0i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0y, khi t\u00e2m sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t” (19). V\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

A – Ch\u00ednh ngay khi t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh (m\u1ed1i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m), c\u00f2n khi b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th – Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

12. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 C\u00d5I PHI T\u01af\u1edeNG PHI PHI T\u01af\u1edeNG (Nevasa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101n\u0101sa\u00f1\u00f1ayatan\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1eefu l\u00fd, quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101dins.<\/p>\n

(1) Therav\u0101dins: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e3 tr\u1ee5, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng sanh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu… nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu… t\u1ef1 u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu… v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n; l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1ee9t u\u1ea9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean?<\/p>\n

(4) N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u1eefu l\u00fd, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f5i h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong s\u1ef1 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu… t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

(5) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f5i t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n, th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(6) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu, trong khi Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9”? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i (cao h\u01a1n) “Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9” v\u00e0 “v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9”. Do v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i (cao nh\u1ea5t) “Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9”?<\/p>\n

(7) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba c\u00f5i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f5i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng), trong khi Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eebng c\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n.?<\/p>\n

(8 – 10) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao, trong khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1i sao trong khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ba c\u00f5i kia m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i vo9\u00ed c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng?<\/p>\n

(11) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

(12) L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd – C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u00f4 k\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng “Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) xem Rhys Davids, Early Buddhism, 49; Rhys Davids: Buddhism 69.<\/p>\n

(2) Animitte Appanihita, Bud. Psy. Eth., p 91 & 344.<\/p>\n

(3) Xem Abhi-Sang. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, b\u1ed9 vi, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0 lai l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

(4) Sar\u0101gam.<\/p>\n

(5) Dl. i 93.<\/p>\n

(6) Dl. i 92<\/p>\n

(7) Gotrabhu.<\/p>\n

(8) Xem Bud. Psy. Eth. Tr.4 v\u00e0 19, &19, Comp. 17.<\/p>\n

(9) Niyy\u0101nika. Xem Bud. Psy. Eth. p. 82, n2<\/p>\n

(10) S. v 202<\/p>\n

(11) Xem Comp. 159, n 6<\/p>\n

(12) Itivuttaka, 61.<\/p>\n

(13) Xem Dl. i 89; M. ii 19.<\/p>\n

(14) D. i 82.<\/p>\n

(15) Thag. 996, 997<\/p>\n

(16) Xem Comp. p.136.<\/p>\n

(17) Vibhanga 135 ; S ii 2<\/p>\n

(18) D. iii 33.<\/p>\n

(19) D. iii 33.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 C\u01af S\u0128 V\u00c0 A-LA-H\u00c1N (Gahissa arah\u0101tikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pattakas, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y Yasa – con trai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n trong khi v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00ean h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec1n (nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129. Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: “Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n n\u1eefa”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(2) \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Tala \u0111\u1ee9t ng\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea7u bi.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 du s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Vacchagatta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n: “Th\u01b0a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 C\u1ed3 \u00d0\u00e0m, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a tuy\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5”? v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1p: “Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00e0y Vacchagatta, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”.(1)<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t sanh, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n con c\u00e1i, v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u00fa vui, v\u1eabn trang ph\u1ee5c v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i nhung v\u00e0 v\u1ea3i nhuy\u1ec5n, v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i K\u0101si, v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u thoa x\u1ee9c (cho m\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00f3c), v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, v\u1eabn nh\u1eadn tr\u1eebu, g\u00e0, heo, voi, d\u00ea, b\u00f2, ng\u1ef1a, la, chim \u0111a \u0111a, chim cun c\u00fat, g\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4i cong, chim tr\u0129, qu\u1ea5n kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m l\u1ee5a d\u00e0i, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi – D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(6) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa, gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng Uttiga v\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Setu v\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129?<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ee4C SINH (Upapattikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00fac v\u1eeba t\u1ee5c sinh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt “Khi sanh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a sanh \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi cao th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n” (2), hay l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eef “Upahacca” th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef “Uppaja” v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb “s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng” th\u00e0nh “hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fac v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1ee5c sinh”.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Th.: – Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, B\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai, hay b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai khi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1ee5c sinh.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00e0o – ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed – th\u00e0nh A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00fac v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1ee5c sinh, nh\u01b0 Sariputta, hay Moggall\u0101na, Kassapa, Kacc\u0101yana, Kotthika hay Panthak\u0101.<\/p>\n

(4) Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a l\u1eadu,… c\u1ea3nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c… v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00c1i d\u1ee5c, S\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n… Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00e2m n\u00e0y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(7) Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh cao nh\u1ea5t (A-la-h\u00e1n) v\u00e0 T\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n? M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Do v\u1eady, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 A-LA-H\u00c1N V\u00c0 C\u1ea2NH L\u1eacU (An\u0101savakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00e0nh phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu. (3)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (Asavas) \u0111\u1ec1u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu l\u00e0 4 \u0111\u1ea1o, 4 qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o; nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n (c\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 5 Th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n (Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n). Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu. V\u00ec v\u1eady, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia b\u1edfi qu\u1ea1, di\u1ec1u h\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u00ean k\u00ean. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu ” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(4) Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eeda hay dao ki\u1ebfm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e2y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft nh\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng, t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay qu\u1eadn ly, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9, hay b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu” kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(5) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 “phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu” tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb chung chung, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 y ph\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n nh\u01b0: \u00d0\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu r\u1ed3i sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

(6) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men.<\/p>\n

(7) Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu d\u00e2ng y hay.<\/p>\n

(8) Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu r\u1ed3i sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu nh\u01b0: \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si… ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu).<\/p>\n

(9) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu).<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c1NH QU\u1ea2 (Samann\u0101gatakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u1eabn t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p sau khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n (t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p: gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t: S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Uttar\u0101pathakas cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu (Pattidhammo) trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Theravadins cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh cao th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Theravadins: – Th\u1ef1c ra, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 4 qu\u1ea3, b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai v\u1edbi 3 qu\u1ea3, b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n x\u00fac, 4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, 4 t\u01b0, 4 t\u00e2m,4 t\u00edn, 4 c\u1ea7n, 4 ni\u1ec7m, 4 tu\u1ec7; b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai, th\u00ec t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 3 x\u00fac,…, 3 tu\u1ec7, b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 2 x\u00fac… 2 tu\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (\u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed), b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai (l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu th\u00eam hai ki\u1ebft s\u1eed) v\u00e0 b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai (\u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb 5 h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed). Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 (4 b\u1eadc) trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 “B\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u”, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(6) C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, hay v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u1eeba b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai?<\/p>\n

(7) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd; do v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(8 – 18) B\u1edfi v\u00ec, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u qu\u1ea3, Nh\u1ea5t lai qu\u1ea3, B\u1ea5t lai qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t lai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ch\u00fang. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 B\u1ea5t lai, v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai.<\/p>\n

(19 – 21) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 4 qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3, b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai v\u1edbi 3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 1, v\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u1edbi 2 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 1. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 4 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca ch\u00fang. B\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai th\u00ec 3…? \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. do v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 4 qu\u1ea3, 3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 2 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(22 – 24) Th: – T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh v\u1eabn t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u1ea5y t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (b\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng khi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u1ee4C X\u1ea2 \u00d0\u1ed0I V\u1edaI B\u1eacC A-LA-H\u00c1N (Upekkh\u0101samann\u0101gatakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi L\u1ee5c x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea9y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n tr\u1ea3i qua (\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi) l\u1ee5c x\u00fac (gi\u1eefa ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang), l\u1ee5c th\u1ecd, l\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ee5c t\u01b0, l\u1ee5c tu\u1ec7… Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(2) B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

(3) B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y – c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(4) Ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: – Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c x\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sao?<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u00c1C NG\u1ed8 (Bodhiy\u0101buddhotikakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Qua Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt (\u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: “Bodhi” c\u00f3 2 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: a) Tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o; b) Tu\u1ec7 to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Uttar\u0101pathakas, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi “Ph\u1eadt” l\u00e0 do Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1eafng v\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111en v\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en. Theo Theravadins, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Ph\u1eadt” ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 2 lo\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “\u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9”, th\u00ec khi Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t di\u1ec7t \u0111i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Phi Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2) Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. (Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn). N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111i b\u00e1t, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p…) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn T\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Di\u1ec7t, tu t\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3. Di\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(3) Thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9” b\u1eb1ng “Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb lai” v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(4) Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 nh\u1edd Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00edng Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1) n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 do Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hay l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

(5) Do Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb lai, b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn T\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(6-7) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 do Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hay Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1ecb lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(8) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 do Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay v\u1ecb lai. Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ba Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, ba Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(9) Uttar\u0101pathakas:- Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, v\u00ec v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(10) Th: – Ng\u00e0i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u01af\u1edaNG H\u1ea2O (Lakkhanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o (32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu, c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf ra…” (4)<\/p>\n

(1-5) Theravadins: – V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

(a) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hai t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba, hay ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(b) V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t – l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 – T\u00e1t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp, ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady;<\/p>\n

(c) Khi v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh ra, Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean b\u1ed3ng ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed3ng ra sau gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khi m\u1edbi gi\u00e1ng sinh.<\/p>\n

(d) T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eadu, t\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng: “H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay, t\u00e2u Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eadu, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc phi th\u01b0\u1eddng “, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(e) C\u00f3 hai v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea5m t\u1eeb tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, t\u1eafm c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 v\u00e0 b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0y sanh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

(f) Khi v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh ra, \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hoa sen tr\u1eafng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn xung quanh c\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng sang s\u1ea3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ” Thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, duy ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ta v\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1eefa “.<\/p>\n

(g) C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ng\u00e0y sanh nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0o quang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t rung chuy\u1ec3n;<\/p>\n

(h) tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, h\u00e0o quang t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3i tay \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp chung quanh;<\/p>\n

(i) M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9ng (5).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(6) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu c\u00f3 32 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vua Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec b\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2u thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y b\u00e1u: Xa b\u00e1u, T\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1u, M\u00e3 b\u00e1u, nh\u01b0 \u00fd ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u, Ng\u1ecdc n\u1eef b\u00e1u, T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n b\u00e1u, v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 b\u00e1u. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n Th\u00e1i t\u1eed anh h\u00f9ng, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o binh, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng chinh ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1eddi “? (6)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd?<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O C\u1ee6A B\u1ed2-T\u00c1T (Niy\u0101mokkantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa (Ca di\u1ebfp).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, do h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m t\u1eeb b\u00e0i kinh Ghatikarasutta (Trung b\u1ed9 kinh) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Jotipala khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa. Trong b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y, ch\u1eef “ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh” (Niy\u0101ma) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh” (brabmacariya) \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u1ef1c ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u hay Nh\u1ea5t lai (d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa) kh\u00f4ng? \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa ti\u00ean tri r\u1eb1ng “B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Jotip\u0101la s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u Gotama”, \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t (c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt sau khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 (Sayambhu).<\/p>\n

(2) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kas\u0101pa (ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u) \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ba \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t (trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng)? V\u1eady c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng? (7)<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda, gia tr\u01b0\u1edfng Citta Hatthaka v\u00e0 Alavakan \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh trong th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(5) N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ea5y. Hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed trong \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phi Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n

(6) A.U. – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai”? (8)<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 lai ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y? Kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai c\u1ea3, t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ai s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp Nh\u01b0 lai. Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u1ee9ng c\u00fang trong \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n B\u1eadc Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u00d0\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Bi T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Kasi, Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p xa hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, tr\u1ed5i nh\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed… Nh\u01b0 lai ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c…”? (9)<\/p>\n

(8) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, tu\u1ec7 tri, li\u1ec5u tri, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 lai qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 d\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 lai li\u1ec5u tri. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf “? (10)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa?<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00d9Y D\u1ee4NG QU\u1ea2 (Apar\u0101p\u012b Samann\u0101gatakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ba qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 3 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (patta-dhamma-vasena).<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Th\u1ef1c ra, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 4 x\u00fac, 4 th\u1ecd, 4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, 4 t\u01b0, 4 t\u00e2m, 4 t\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai? trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady – v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

(3 – 4) Cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u trong khi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00f9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(5) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m? D\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc b\u1ea5t lai, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(6) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai.<\/p>\n

(7) – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u?<\/p>\n

(8) – Hay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t)? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebft s\u1eed m\u00e0 B\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(9 – 18) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t Lai, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, c\u00f9ng \u00d0\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

(19) U.A.: – N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u1edbi ba qu\u1ea3 kia, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

U: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p 3 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(20 – 21) V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

(22) Th: – Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 3 qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 4 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng v\u1eabn t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3 4 \u0111\u1ea1o hay sao? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i).<\/p>\n

(23 – 24) V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 3 qu\u1ea3 kia.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0O\u1ea0N T\u1eacN TRI\u1ec0N C\u00c1I (Sabbasannojanappah\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i (ki\u1ebft s\u1eed) l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i (ki\u1ebft s\u1eed) trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Th\u1ef1c ra, 10 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 4 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ngay m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.(11)<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111oan tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb 3 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n th\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o B\u1ea5t Lai.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00c1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 S\u00e2n vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o B\u1ea5t Lai.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “\u00d0\u1ea1o A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00c1i s\u1eafc, \u00c1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u00e0 V\u00f4 minh”? (12)<\/p>\n

(5) Andhakas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u1ea5y? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) M. i 483<\/p>\n

(2) D. iii 132.<\/p>\n

(3) Xem Dhammasangani, ph\u1ea7n Dutik\u0101 (nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1).<\/p>\n

(4) Xem Dl. ii 14f.<\/p>\n

(5) Xem A. iii 240f.<\/p>\n

(6) D. iii 145.<\/p>\n

(7) M. i 80, 245.<\/p>\n

(8) M. ii p.54; Buddhavamsa. XXV 10<\/p>\n

(9) Vin. i 91; M. i 171; Thag 129.<\/p>\n

(10) S. v 442.<\/p>\n

(11) Xem Comp. 172f; Bud. Psy. Eth., pp. 297-303.<\/p>\n

(12) Dl. ii 98.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T (Vimuttakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00f3 4 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: Tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1o, tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: a). Tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t; b) Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; c) Tu\u1ec7 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 (phalampatipassadhi – vimutti); d) Tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1n l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00e1c Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ph\u00e1i Andhakas \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n Tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean (1)<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y bao g\u1ed3m tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, v\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, A-la-h\u00e1n? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00ec \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o, v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ch\u1ec9 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tinh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1ed1ng nhau? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(4) Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta cho r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o. Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u1ea5y, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng Qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd?<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC V\u00d4 H\u1eccC (Asekkananakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 A\u00f8nanda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n… n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t… Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, n\u1ebfu b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng b\u1ead\u00e2c v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o cao h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn (gotrabhu) c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.?<\/p>\n

(4) U: – N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sariputta, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Moggall\u0101na?<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u1ea2O GI\u00c1C TRONG KHI NH\u1eacP THI\u1ec0N (Vipar\u012btakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t… (2) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c (tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t… trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea5t, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea5t (t\u1eeb th\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quang t\u01b0\u1edbng) d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn d\u00e1n ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m minh b\u1ea1ch \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea5t. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn “\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng” ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c trong thi\u1ec1n v\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t hay s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m th\u00ec trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u1eefu l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 “Huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c” c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong \u0111au kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 trong v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1ea1i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng tri ki\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(4) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i cho l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(5) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(6) Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(7) Andhakas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ph\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00d0\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

(8) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Tu\u1ec7 huy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t? Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u00d0\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O NH\u1ea4T \u00d0\u1ecaNH (Niy\u0101makath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu (B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o (Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu (B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc n\u00e0o Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u1ea5y ngang nhau kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0<\/p>\n

(5) Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(6) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn (Gotrabh\u016bpuggalo) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a (\u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u)? Hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng Qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u… Qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(7) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh hay B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH (Patisambhidakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00e0m Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e0m phu, c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu thay th\u1ebf “Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng” cho “Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e0m phu”.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf, minh m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf, minh m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t, N\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u1eeda, Gi\u00f3 hay xanh, \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0ng, tr\u1eafng hay b\u1eadc \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 s\u1eafc, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 T\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(3) Andhakas: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hay l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

A.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c0M TU\u1ec6 (Sammatin\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb “\u00d0\u1ebf” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(1) Andhakas: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea5t c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

A.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u00e0m Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 v\u00e2t d\u1ee5ng (nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 5).<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, ph\u00e0m Tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb T\u1eadp, \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf? Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. (Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M (Citt\u0101rammanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Andhakas, quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (Cetopariy\u0101yenana\u1e43). Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ra b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, v\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i…. Th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si,… c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng, trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd…. (hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tha t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(3) Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd… hay nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd… \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

(4) Andhakas: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m (ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) ch\u0103ng? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 V\u1eca LAI<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 v\u1ecb lai…<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb lai (m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t) th\u00ec Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng duy\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu, b\u1eb1ng sanh h\u1eefu, b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3nh, b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady… (3)<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean, v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp duy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.(4)<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i h\u1eefu l\u00fd th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u, b\u1eadc \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u v.v… Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(4) Andhakas: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, c\u00f3 ba tai n\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn cho th\u00e0nh Patna, n\u1ea1n l\u1eeda, n\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n chia s\u1ebb s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft”? (5). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 HI\u1ec6N \u00d0\u1ea0I<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec c\u00f3 kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u00e1i Andhakas quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00ednh tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng hai Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, suy x\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3, vui m\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3, suy t\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 hay th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ebb g\u01b0\u01a1m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ebb dao b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh dao \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ebb r\u00ecu b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh r\u00ecu \u0111\u00f3, may kim b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh kim \u0111\u00f3, h\u00f4n nhau b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ch\u00f3p m\u0169i \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, r\u1eeda \u0111\u00e0m nh\u1edbt b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0m nh\u1edbt \u0111\u00f3 hay r\u1eeda c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u00f4 u\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u00f4 u\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(2) Andhakas: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m? Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng sao? Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 QU\u1ea2 (Phalan\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ch\u00fang sanh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y hay ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed5i qu\u1ea3, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Quy\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi, \u00d0\u1ebf, Quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, To\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn, Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c trong \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t trong \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ai si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(5) Andhakas: – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Xem Vibhanga, Ph\u1ea7n Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/p>\n

(2) Xem Bud. Psy. Eth., p.43.<\/p>\n

(3) Xem Yamaka, i, p. 13.<\/p>\n

(4) Xem Patthana, B\u00e0i 1.<\/p>\n

(5) D. ii. 92.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ecaNH LU\u1eacT C\u1ed0 NHI\u00caN (Niy\u0101makath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “… V\u00e0 ai, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecda, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9”(1) v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 trong ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ea1o sanh l\u00ean b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. (V\u00ec b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t n\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng Th\u00e1nh D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u A-la-h\u00e1n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi). \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn (Nicca).<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean (m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 vi) l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, hay l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 (n\u01a1i che ch\u1edf, ch\u1ed7 dung th\u00e2n), l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt (s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh), l\u00e0 H\u1eefu y (n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n an to\u00e0n) l\u00e0 H\u1eefu T\u1ee9c (m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea3) l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, B\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9… hai lo\u1ea1i B\u1ea5t t\u1eed… hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n… N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: c\u00e1i cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i s\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sao? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho s\u1ef1 sanh, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee5, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m cho th\u00eam v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “\u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu”. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng “B\u1ed5n \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi” Tuy nhi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o D\u01b0 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi. Nh\u01b0ng D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean… A-la-h\u00e1n c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(4) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng Th\u00e1nh C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(5) Sau c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u00e0 C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean(2) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00e0 C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(6) Andhakas: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

A: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi (v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e0 C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 V\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 Y T\u01af\u01a0NG SINH (Paticcasamupp\u0101dakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Y T\u01b0\u01a1ng Sinh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec trong kim ng\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi “D\u1ea7u cho Nh\u01b0 lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i”, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Pubbasaliyas v\u00e0 Mahims\u0101sakhas \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng Y T\u01b0\u01a1ng Sinh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(1) \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u trong ph\u1ea7n 1, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 1, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI.<\/p>\n

(2 – 3) Theravadins: – Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o trong v\u00f2ng Y T\u01b0\u01a1ng Sinh nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 “Do v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh sanh kh\u1edfi” l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(4) P. M.:- N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ea1i sao \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y “Do duy\u00ean sanh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft kh\u1edfi l\u00ean”.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u c\u00e1c Nh\u01b0 lai c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, an tr\u00fa l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1p tr\u00fa t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, \u00fd duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 lai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd \u1ea5y. Sau khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft, khai hi\u1ec3n, khai th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, minh hi\u1ec3n, minh th\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i “Do duy\u00ean sanh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, do duy\u00ean h\u1eefu. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00ean c\u00f3 sanh. Do duy\u00ean th\u1ee7, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1eefu. Do duy\u00ean \u00e1i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ee7… Do duy\u00ean v\u00f4 minh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh, y duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi”? (3)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Y T\u01b0\u01a1ng Sinh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(5) Th: – Trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 “Do v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh sanh kh\u1edfi”, ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p sau l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. V\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u00e0? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng?… hai B\u1ea3o H\u1ed9?… (Nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n 1).<\/p>\n

(6) V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp theo “Do H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi” Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(7) V\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 “L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp”, “X\u00fac”, “Th\u1ecd”… v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 12 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng?… 12 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9…? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Y T\u01b0\u01a1ng Sinh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ee8 \u00d0\u1ebe (Saccakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliya, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i…” H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n” (Vatthu Saccam) v\u00e0 “\u00d0\u1ebf” (Lakkhana Saccam). “S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n” l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, c\u00f2n “\u00d0\u1ebf” l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. Trong \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 III, H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3) b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ranh gi\u1edbi, b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi? Hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc….. t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc D\u1ee5c \u00e1i, H\u1eefu \u00e1i v\u00e0 Phi H\u1eefu \u00e1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi? Hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy… ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i chi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…<\/p>\n

(4) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u00e0. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, t\u1ea1i sao Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi? Hay T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf? \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

(5) Trong b\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00d0\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi. T\u1ea1i sao \u00d0\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(6) P: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ea1i sao \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf…\u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i”? (4) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ebe C\u00d5I V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC (Ar\u016bpakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec trong kim ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “B\u1ed1n c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng” n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, l\u00e0 B\u00ed m\u1eadt, l\u00e0 C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1eed? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi, hai Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n…<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh H\u1eefu th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng, Ch\u00fang sanh s\u1edf tr\u1ee5, th\u00e0nh sanh, th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh, th\u00e0nh Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i…<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u00e0y? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i v\u00f4 vi? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eed r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eed r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o t\u00e1i sanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sao? Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n \u1edf v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanhv\u1edbi t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n danh nh\u01b0 trong c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) Ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00f5i t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng”? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NH\u1eacP DI\u1ec6T TH\u1ecc T\u01af\u1edeNG \u00d0\u1ecaNH (Nirodhasam\u0101pattikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i trong l\u00fac nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n. Khi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi hay v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u tri (th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u) \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101-pathakas \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 B\u1ea3o h\u1ed9…? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u01b0? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 hai V\u00f4 vi… hai Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n…?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Di\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m cho Di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t sanh ra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o (b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3) sanh kh\u1edfi, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau sanh ra t\u1eeb v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh; sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Khi xu\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh sanh ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(4) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i x\u00fac: Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, V\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 Phi n\u1ed9i (5). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Hay khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(5) A.U.: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, do \u0111\u00f3 Di\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u01af KH\u00d4NG (Ak\u0101sakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c; S\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi (v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Uttarapattakas v\u00e0 Mahims\u0101sakas l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi n\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi. Th\u1ef1c ra, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c danh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi hay v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i phi h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103ng? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1eefu vi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 vi. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y…C\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (l\u00e0m phi h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m v\u00f4 vi th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu vi).<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng chim bay trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 tinh t\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ngang qua h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, b\u1eadc th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1nh tay ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c, m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng xuy\u00ean qua v\u00e0 \u1edf trong v\u00f4 vi – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecbt k\u00edn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0, l\u00e0m kho; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1ecbt k\u00edn v\u00f4 vi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Hay khi \u0111\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i phi h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u00e0? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 vi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu vi? Hay l\u00e0 khi gi\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng, kho tr\u1ed1ng, n\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecbt l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i ch\u0103ng? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n

(5) V. M.: – N\u1ebfu sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u01af KH\u00d4NG L\u00c0 \u00d0\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u1ee6A NH\u00c3N (C\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc) (Ak\u0101sasanidassanatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7 kh\u00f3a… n\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 c\u00e2y… v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi (Manodv\u0101ra vinnanam uppajjati, naccakkhuvinnanam) v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc x\u1ee9, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o m\u1eaft, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(2) Thay th\u1ebf ch\u1eef “h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng” cho ch\u1eef “s\u1eafc x\u1ee9”, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “do nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0o n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng “do n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ch s\u1eafc, Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi” (6) nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n, ho\u1eb7c Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(3) A.: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i “th\u1ea5y” kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t hay hai c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ee8 \u00d0\u1ea0I, NG\u0168 QUY\u1ec0N V\u00c0 TH\u00c2N NGHI\u1ec6P L\u00c0 \u00d0\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u1ee6A NH\u00c3N (C\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc) (Pathav\u012bdh\u0101tu Sanidassan\u0101tay\u0101dikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ta “th\u1ea5y” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt hay h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tay, ch\u00e2n… v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri.<\/p>\n

(1 – 9) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 7 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, “t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i”, “nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n”, v\u00e0”th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf cho “h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng”. v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1, n\u00fai? n\u01b0\u1edbc? ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y? c\u00e2y rung rinh trong gi\u00f3? Nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, b\u01b0\u1edbc lui, nh\u00ecn qua, nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) A. i 122. Xem S. iii 225<\/p>\n

(2) Micchatta-Niy\u0101ma<\/p>\n

(3) S. ii. 25.<\/p>\n

(4) S. v. 430<\/p>\n

(5) Aneja ananja: ii 184.<\/p>\n

(6) S. ii. 72; iv 33; M. i 259<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P (Sangahitakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Rajagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c bao g\u1ed3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, nh\u0129 x\u1ee9… th\u00e2n x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(5) T\u01b0\u1edfng sanh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c (ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(6) T\u01b0 (Cetan\u0101) sanh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(7) T\u00e2m sanh c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(8) R. S.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4i b\u00f2 c\u1ed9t chung v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y hay c\u00e1i \u00e1ch, c\u00e1i \u00e1o b\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y hay con ch\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9t b\u1edfi s\u1ee3i x\u00edch kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. (1)<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u01af\u01a0NG \u01afNG C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P (Samayuttakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c. (2)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nhau?<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n v..v. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

R. S.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u \u0111ang tr\u1ed9n trong m\u00e8, v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt \u0111ang t\u01b0\u01a1m trong m\u00eda nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111ang ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ede H\u1eeeU T\u00c2M (Cetasikakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ph\u00e1i R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m (Cetasika) sinh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m (Citta) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u00fac “sinh t\u1eeb x\u00fac” v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. Ph\u00e1i Theravadins th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng “tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u00fac” t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o x\u00fac, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 “s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m” t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o T\u00e2m (citta-nissitako).<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i danh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u01b0 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, ch\u00ednh do nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 x\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(3) R. S.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi x\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u00fac, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m” c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“T\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1eadt<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1p th\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf”.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Kevatta, trong ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u (n\u00f3i l\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, c\u00e1ch ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i, suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ecd”? (3)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: “S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m” v\u1eady. (4)<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd (D\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u0101na) l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ch\u1eef “b\u1ed1 th\u00ed” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo 3 ngh\u0129a: (1) B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ni\u1ec1m tin do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (2) B\u1ed1 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00fay do s\u1ef1 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi (3) B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u00e0i v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111em cho s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7…<\/p>\n

(2) R. S.: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng? Hay s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(3) Th: – Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u1ec7n b\u1ed1, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c…<\/p>\n

(4) R. S.: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n:<\/p>\n

“T\u00edn t\u00e2m l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n s\u1edf c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o,<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111i thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi”<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 5 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed, l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng oan tr\u00e1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 an vui, kh\u00f4ng oan tr\u00e1i, l\u00f3ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i bi m\u1eabn. Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho, tr\u00e1nh xa l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho… t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c…. N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i… u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u… N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo. Ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n trong s\u1ef1 an vui v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed”. (5)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(6) Th: – Theo Ng\u00e0i, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111em cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u01a1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc, y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1ea3i, xe thuy\u1ec1n, v\u1eadt th\u01a1m, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, d\u1ea7u thoa, ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng” (6). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(7) R. S.: – Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em cho. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em cho, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng; b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c men tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh… l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u01af\u1edeNG D\u1ee4NG PH\u01af\u1edaC B\u00c1U (Paribhogamayapu\u00f1\u00f1akath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: – Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 R\u0101jagirikas, Siddhattikas, v\u00e0 Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh nh\u01b0: “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam” v\u00e0 “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo v\u1edbi y ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng khi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng…”<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – V\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y leo, d\u00e2y b\u00f2, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm… \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00ec h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1edb, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafn \u0111o, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u khi h\u1ecd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m, s\u00e2n t\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m? Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai x\u00fac, hai th\u1ecd, hai t\u01b0\u1edfng, hai t\u01b0, hai t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u00e0? H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i! B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi nhau trong c\u00f9ng s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m sao? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u00e3y say ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i! B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t xa, r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t xa r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi nhau th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean kia, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t xa, r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi nhau th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc l\u00ean, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t xa, r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t xa, r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi nhau th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t xa, r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi nhau n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n

“R\u1ea5t xa l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng r\u1ea5t xa qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t xa<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean kia<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n<\/p>\n

(R\u1eb1ng xa th\u1eadt l\u00e0 xa)<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i xa h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ph\u00e1p k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt xa, xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

H\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7t<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng<\/p>\n

v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t mau b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t xa ph\u00e1p k\u1ebb \u00e1c”? (7)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c… hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(4) R. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

Ai tr\u1ed3ng v\u01b0\u1eddn, tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Ai d\u1ef1ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ai cho nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y sanh Thi\u00ean. (8)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed3n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc, ngu\u1ed3n sanh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i An l\u1ea1c, thu\u1ed9c thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo trong khi h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd y c\u1ee7a ai, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ai, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ai, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ai, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n sanh thi\u1ec7n, \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c, thu\u1ed9c thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c…”? (9)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

(6) Th: – Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111em b\u1ecf \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “C\u00f3”. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

(7) Hay l\u00e0 khi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn, m\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa, k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea5t, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1eeda thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y, hay b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n \u0111i, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u00edch, \u0111em tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd (Itodinnakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c (l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1i R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea7m \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng \u1edf ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed y, b\u00e1t, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, th\u1ee9c \u0103n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng, lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng (ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y) trong \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) R. S.: – Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i lo\u00e0i Ng\u1ea1 q\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn do h\u1ecd? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ec9, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng vui l\u00f2ng?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u, c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng \u1edf ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3, c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u cho th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u1edf ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. \u1ede th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. \u1ede ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn”. (10) Do \u0111\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1eb9 cha mu\u1ed1n con trai sanh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? \u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u00fang ta; Hay s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u00fang ta; s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh; s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di s\u1ea3n th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ebd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng linh (pet\u0101) b\u1ecb m\u1ec7nh chung. Do n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, cha m\u1eb9 mu\u1ed1n con trai sanh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

Do th\u1ea5y n\u0103m s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc tr\u00ed mu\u1ed1n con trai.<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap, gi\u00fap ta l\u1ea1i,<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ta.<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

S\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef<\/p>\n

Gia s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n

Hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u01a1ng linh<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u00fang<\/p>\n

Do th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc tr\u00ed mu\u1ed1n con trai<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edb \u01a1n bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m x\u01b0a<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eb9 cha<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00edn v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

Con trai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u00e1n” (11)<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng b\u00e0i kinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Do \u0111\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ea0I \u00d0\u1ecaA V\u00c0 NGHI\u1ec6P (Pathavikammavip\u0101katikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas. V\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00ean ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chung cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c chi ph\u1ed1i, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, phi kh\u1ed5, phi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, v\u1edbi x\u00fac, v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1edbi t\u01b0, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i quang, s\u1ef1 b\u1eadn l\u00f2ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi x\u00fac. V\u1edbi x\u00fac, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i x\u00fac l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1p (i) qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p (ii) t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n 1). Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc (i) v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p sau (ii) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua ki\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p?<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p?<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ai, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi an vui”? (12)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1edbi sanh ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p sanh ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 chung, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh? Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, t\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc….<\/p>\n

(6) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u00ean b\u1eadc Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng? v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0, t\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(7) A.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u00c3O T\u1eec V\u00c0 NGHI\u1ec6P (Jar\u0101maranavip\u0101katikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: L\u00e3o t\u1eed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Th: – Hai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 7, thay ch\u1eef “qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p” b\u1eb1ng “qu\u1ea3”.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…. Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 sau, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n

(4) Hay l\u00e0, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n? \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

(5) Hay l\u00e0, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n r\u1eb1ng “c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n”. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(6) A.: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i, tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u? Do v\u1eady quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P V\u00c0 QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC TH\u00c1NH (Ariy\u0101kammavip\u0101katikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Th\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 Sa-m\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Sa m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 (qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(3) Hay l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh hay c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec…<\/p>\n

(4) Trong s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi, hay V\u00f4 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n si\u00eau th\u1ebf s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 Si\u00eau th\u1ebf? (M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n si\u00eau th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(6) A.: – D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf. (Thi\u1ec7n S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi) cho nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p si\u00eau th\u1ebf cho qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf (theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i) v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh (d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y)?<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P NH\u00c2N V\u00c0 PH\u00c1P QU\u1ea2 (Vip\u0101kovip\u0101kadhammadhammotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n (ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch H\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean (a\u00f1\u00f1ama\u00f1\u00f1apaccayo) (13) n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Andhakas \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 sanh ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ea7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n (c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3) c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9, c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y h\u00f2a tr\u1ed9n, c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi nhau ch\u0103ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, hay m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t sanh c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean…<\/p>\n

(5) A.: – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng qua l\u1ea1i m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Xem b\u1ed9 Dhatukath\u0101<\/p>\n

(2) Xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II, Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(3) D. i 213.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u1ec1 “S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m”, xem Compendium 237f ; Bud. Psy 1757.<\/p>\n

(5) A. iv 246<\/p>\n

(6) A. iv 239, D. ii. 259<\/p>\n

(7) A. ii. 50<\/p>\n

(8) S. I 33<\/p>\n

(9) A. ii 54<\/p>\n

(10) Khuddakap\u0101tha, 6 (VII).<\/p>\n

(11) A. iii 43.<\/p>\n

(12) Khuddakap\u0101tha, VIII. 9.<\/p>\n

(13) M\u1ed9t trong 24 duy\u00ean. Xem th\u00eam Patth\u0101na<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u1ee4C \u00d0\u1ea0O (Gatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o (s\u00e1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101pathakas cho r\u1eb1ng A-tu-la l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. Ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 5 \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i sanh) trong b\u00e0i kinh: “N\u00e0y Sariputta, c\u00f3 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh….” (1) S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec nh\u00f3m A-tu-la Vepacitta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i A-tu-la n\u00e0y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m A-tu-la K\u0101lakanjakas s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa lo\u00e0i Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch sinh s\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (t\u00e1i sanh): \u00d0\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, B\u00e0ng sanh, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i A-tu-la ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 (K\u0101lakajaka Asuras) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1ea5u x\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng kinh s\u1ee3, v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u00f4n ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i A-tu-la Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng (Vepacitti) c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean?<\/p>\n

(4) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 A-tu-la Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh v\u00f3c v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean hay sao?<\/p>\n

(5) A.U: – Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m A-tu-la, n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1eefu l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u00f3m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i sanh?<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TRUNG H\u1eeeU (TH\u00c2N TRUNG \u1ea4M) (Antar\u0101bhavakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 trung h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c danh t\u1eeb “Trung bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” (2) (b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean) n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng trung gian n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i th\u1ecd sanh trong ki\u1ebfp k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp) trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Theravadins c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi, S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.(3)<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Trung h\u1eefu, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh trung h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c h\u1eefu, hay S\u1eafc h\u1eefu, hay V\u00f4 S\u1eafc h\u1eefu? \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Trung h\u1eefu \u1edf gi\u1eefa D\u1ee5c h\u1eefu v\u00e0 S\u1eafc h\u1eefu, hay \u1edf gi\u1eefa S\u1eafc h\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc h\u1eefu…<\/p>\n

(3) Th\u1eadt ra, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Trung h\u1eefu l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sanh th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, h\u1eefu th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ee9c tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m hay l\u00e0 c\u00f5i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Trung h\u1eefu l\u00e0 H\u1eefu, l\u00e0 Sanh, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ee9c tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n? C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn Trung h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o Trung H\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u01a1i Trung h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(5 – 7) Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf hai c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea7u – D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi – l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu, c\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i V\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Trung h\u1eefu th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y (\u1edf ph\u1ea7n 4) v\u1ec1 Trung h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…<\/p>\n

(8) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Trung h\u1eefu cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(9 – 11) \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 Trung h\u1eefu? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng? (4) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec khi suy r\u1ed9ng ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 Trung h\u1eefu? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc Trung h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc Trung h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. Do \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Trung h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

(12) P. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh “Trung bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” hay sao? N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd?<\/p>\n

(13) Th: – Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh “Trung bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh “Sanh bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh “Sanh bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 “Sanh bang h\u1eefu” ch\u0103ng? C\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh “H\u1eefu h\u00e0nh bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 “H\u1eefu h\u00e0nh h\u1eefu ch\u0103ng?” C\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u bang b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n” th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u h\u1eefu” ch\u0103ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 D\u1ee4C L\u1ea0C \u1ede D\u1ee4C GI\u1edaI (K\u0101magun\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef “K\u0101madhatu” \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas hi\u1ec3u trong ngh\u0129a h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hai t\u1eeb “K\u0101madhat\u016b ” (c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi) v\u00e0 “K\u0101magun\u0101” (d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c).<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef “K\u0101madhat\u016b” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n

– Vatthuk\u0101ma, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

– Kilesak\u0101ma, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian<\/p>\n

– K\u0101mabhava, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, K\u0101ma c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c; trong t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 hai, Kama c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c; v\u00e0 trong ngh\u0129a sau c\u00f9ng, K\u0101ma c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, l\u00f2ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu – C\u00f2n Dh\u0101tu lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, l\u00f2ng hoan h\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ecfi ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c hay sao? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu, v\u1edbi n\u0103m ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “kh\u00f4ng” (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c) nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i… B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu (v\u00ec si\u00eau th\u1ebf hay c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e1u, ai nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, y\u1ec3m ly d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u bi”? (5) T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu, thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf, thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed7 sanh ra, thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n trong ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu trong ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u00d0\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi trong Ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c?<\/p>\n

(4) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

(5) P: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c”?(6)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NG\u0168 C\u0102N V\u00c0 NG\u0168 TR\u1ea6N (K\u0101makath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u1edbi b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u00ean (Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 3) n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1i Theravadins tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 “l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c” m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

(1) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (1), lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 3.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n 5 v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u “T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n”.<\/p>\n

(3) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u00fa d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ec9, kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129… N\u0103m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tham \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. B\u1eadc tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, kham nh\u1eabn, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y “? (7)<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P TRONG C\u00d5I S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (R\u016bpadh\u0101tukath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Trong ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Theravadins ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu (R\u016bpa-bhava) v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1i Theravadins c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. (8)<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sanh, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh trong s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p? C\u00f3 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n trong s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3nng \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p li\u1ec7n quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p – v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn – c\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi – V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “Kh\u00f4ng”. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong hai c\u00f5i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac…<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P TRONG C\u00d5I V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (Ar\u016bpadh\u0101tukath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Trong ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas. C\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 “Th\u1ecd” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fa, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sanh, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh trong th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh trong Th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n trong th\u1ecd? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p – V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi (c\u00f5i) n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau, ch\u00fang ta cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf trong hai c\u00f5i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ba c\u00f5i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac…<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 X\u1ee8 TRONG C\u00d5I S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (Rupadhatuy\u0101 \u0101yat\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ee5c x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “Trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc t\u1ebf v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u00fd v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i” (9) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd suy lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f3 T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: -N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 T\u1ef7 x\u1ee9, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u1ef7 x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 x\u00fac x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(3 – 6) D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 thinh x\u1ee9 (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 nh\u0129) v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd) \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(7 – 8) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng “Kh\u00f4ng”. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, nh\u0129 x\u1ee9, \u00fd x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 s\u1eafc x\u1ee9, thinh x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9. Trong khi Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 T\u1ef7 x\u1ee9, thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9, v\u1ecb x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 x\u00fac x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(9 – 10) Th\u1ef1c ra, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac x\u1ee9 th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, tuy Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, thinh x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129….<\/p>\n

(11 – 13) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, x\u00fac b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i sanh t\u1eeb r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y, l\u00f5i c\u00e2y, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, b\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb sanh ra t\u1eeb rau xanh, th\u00e2n, l\u00e1, hoa, tr\u00e1i hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb chua, ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1eafng cay, m\u1eb7n, ng\u1ecdt, ngon, d\u1edf, hay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m, b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi…<\/p>\n

(14) A. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac x\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

A. S.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 h\u1eefu l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng khi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ee5c x\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P \u1ede V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (Ar\u016bpe r\u016bpakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m do suy lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: “V\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u00ean c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc”,(10) h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc (R\u016bpa) l\u00e0 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sanh, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng? \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. Do v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu (\u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y) m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc \u1edf c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00f5i V\u00f4 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu… t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “\u1ede c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t ” hay sao? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i? Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u00e0? T\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ly d\u1ee5c (11). Theo c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1eafc trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c trong s\u1ef1 ly d\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf trong ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC NGHI\u1ec6P (R\u016bpamkammantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u tri) b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p (thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Mahimas\u0101sakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u tri(12) l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c – Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n – m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p(13)<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n), th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 x\u00fac thi\u1ec7n sanh ra t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd thi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n, t\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc bao g\u1ed3m trong th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(3) Hay l\u00e0, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m,..v..v… Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd…<\/p>\n

(4) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc trong th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1eafc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 do t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac hay b\u1ed1n s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i (n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(5) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u1eafc v\u00f4 k\u00fd (phi thi\u1ec7n, phi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n) kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t sanh kh\u1edfi trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 trong th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “thi\u1ec7n”…<\/p>\n

(6) Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p “thi\u1ec7n” nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, thinh, x\u00fac… hay m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “thi\u1ec7n”. nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(7) Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u00f4t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(8) Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc “thi\u1ec7n” (d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00f4i) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 ” x\u00fac ” ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1ebfu thay th\u1ebf th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c) hay m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(9) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc n\u00e0o hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i danh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i thay th\u1ebf s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ngh\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o hay m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(10 – 11) V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu “trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi danh nh\u1eadp hay v\u1edbi x\u00fac”, t\u00f4i xin th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng “n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh”, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean (trong (8) v\u00e0 (9)).<\/p>\n

(12 – 15) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay “kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u tri” b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri”.<\/p>\n

(16) V\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p n\u00eau tr\u00ean. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(17) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, hay x\u00fac sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u00f4 t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 \u00fay, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p hay thu\u1ed9c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(18) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m trong lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn,… sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c…<\/p>\n

(19) Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc “b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n” sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sao? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri” hay m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(20 – 23) V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho kh\u1ea9u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(24) Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc khi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac? Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tinh d\u1ecbch, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u00e1u, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i (n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc n\u00e0y sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n). Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(25) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sanh kh\u1edfi trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n”…<\/p>\n

(26) Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y cho r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1i s\u1eafc n\u00e0o, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 tinh d\u1ecbch, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u… Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n”? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(27) Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1eafc n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u tri sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(28 – 31) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 (8 – 11), thay “b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n” cho “thi\u1ec7n”, “Kh\u1ea9u” cho “Th\u00e2n” v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o “tinh d\u1ecbch, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u00e1u, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(32) M. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? (\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o). Do v\u1eady, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(33) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do d\u1ef1 khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m x\u1ee9 n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, b\u1ed1n s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m… c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t “thi\u1ec7n” hay “b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n”. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(34) N\u1ebfu th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc? Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc? Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu th\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p?<\/p>\n

(35) N\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n s\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ” n\u0103m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00ec n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc”.<\/p>\n

(36) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, sau khi ch\u00fang ta suy t\u01b0, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 \u00fd”? (14)<\/p>\n

(37) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, “N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, n\u00e0y \u0100nanda, do nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd, n\u00e0y \u0100nanda, do nh\u00e2n \u00fd t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u1ea1c kh\u1ed5.” (15)<\/p>\n

(38) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5? c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ed1n to\u1ea1i kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em s\u1ef1 an vui v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 an vui”. (16)<\/p>\n

(39) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, “N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, n\u1ebfu Samiddhi khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Patalipputta h\u1ecfi, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5 hay phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5 hay phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady”. (17)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC M\u1ea0NG QUY\u1ec0N (J\u012bvitar\u016bpamkath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n. (18)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m n\u00ean v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p trong m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y; \u0111\u00fang ra, Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

(2) \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p phi s\u1eafc, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a danh m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p danh m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 danh m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n? C\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng khi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn danh m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 danh m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Kh\u00f4ng \u00e0? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(5) C\u1ea3 hai m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 phi s\u1eafc. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i; Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

(6 – 7) Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u00ec b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m). V\u1eady m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n \u01b0? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? T\u00f4i xin l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(8 – 9) N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f5i V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 danh m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n? L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eddi h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00f5i ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(10) N\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tam th\u1ee9c th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n danh ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n sanh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh, khi t\u00e2m n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u01b0 x\u00fac ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng x\u00fac b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc….<\/p>\n

(11) P. S.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n (s\u1eafc v\u00e0 danh) kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P. S.: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hai s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi hai s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 QU\u1ea2 NGHI\u1ec6P (Kammahethukath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Do nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u00ec ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Th: – L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ba b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb do ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) M. i 73<\/p>\n

(2) I. 221 f ; Thag. c\u00e2u 749 ; Dl. ii 289.<\/p>\n

(3) S. ii 3; Comp. 81, n.2, 138f.<\/p>\n

(4) Xem Bud. Psy. Eth. 1028.<\/p>\n

(5) S. i. 16.<\/p>\n

(6) A. iii 411.<\/p>\n

(7) A. iii 411.<\/p>\n

(8) Xem Compendium 271f ; Bud. Psy. Eth. 43f.<\/p>\n

(9) Dl. i 47<\/p>\n

(10) Dl. ii 52; S.ii 1; Compendium, trang 188.<\/p>\n

(11) Dl. iii 239; A. iii 245.<\/p>\n

(12) Xem Comp. tr. 264; Bud. Psy. Eth. 1972.<\/p>\n

(13) Xem Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6<\/p>\n

(14) A. iii. 415<\/p>\n

(15) A. ii. 157 S. ii.39f<\/p>\n

(16) Xem Comp. pp 145 146<\/p>\n

(17) M. iii. 209<\/p>\n

(18) Xem Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0O\u1ea0N T\u1eacN TRI\u1ec0N C\u00c1I (\u0100nisamsakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 (a) th\u1ebf gian (ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu v\u00ec) \u0111\u1ea7y nguy hi\u1ec3m, (b) Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Andhakas ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau Tri\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Theravadins.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn khi ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian (Sakh\u0101r\u0101) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn khi ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 mun nh\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0 m\u0169i t\u00ean, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7i ro, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 tai bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nguy bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i \u1ea9n d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m nguy v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng (trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac) m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sao? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho ch\u00fang ta khi c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9 t\u00e2m, hai x\u00fac, hai th\u1ecd… Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac?<\/p>\n

(4) A.: – Ng\u00e0i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n l\u1ea1c trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c… Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, an tr\u00fa. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung k\u00ednh… l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi”? (1)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft – B\u00e0n th\u00ec Tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 B\u1ea4T T\u1eec L\u00c0 \u00d0\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u1ee6A TRI\u1ec0N (Amat\u0101rammanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas, do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n (2) khi tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1n, H\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, T\u00f9y Mi\u00ean, Ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, Th\u1ee7, Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

(2 – 4) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn B\u1ea5t t\u1eed li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn B\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1i, s\u1ef1 th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n, s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1, s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t khao d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i B\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn si m\u00ea, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed, s\u1ef1 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft – B\u00e0n? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i B\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u1ea5t t\u1eed c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si, v\u1eabn sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi?<\/p>\n

(5) V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh do t\u00e2m c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(6) Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 tri\u1ec1n sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 do s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1n, B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, T\u00f9y mi\u00ean, H\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ea5t t\u1eed: S\u1edf d\u0129 Tri\u1ec1n sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 do B\u1ea5t t\u1eed, B\u1ea5t t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1n, B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, t\u00f9y mi\u00ean…? Hay l\u00e0, s\u1edf d\u0129 \u00e1i s\u00e2n, si, si sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 do B\u1ea5t t\u1eed, tuy b\u1ea5t t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si?<\/p>\n

(7) P: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “K\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu t\u01b0\u1edfng tri Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n… V\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng tri Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft – B\u00e0n, n\u00f3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn (t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, n\u00f3 ngh\u0129 ‘Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta’, d\u1ee5c h\u1ef7 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? Ta n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec5u tri Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”? (3)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, B\u1ea5t t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 BI\u1ebeT C\u1ea2NH (R\u016bpamsarammanatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathak\u0101s, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e0 S\u0101rammana (bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh) hay s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1edf duy\u00ean (Xem \u0100rammana Paccayo trong b\u1ed9 Patth\u0101na). Th\u1ef1c ra, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng duy\u00ean cho c\u00e1c danh ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0100rammana.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc hay th\u00e2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, hay m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00e2m, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, \u00c1i, S\u00e2n, Si, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i nghi, H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, V\u00f4 \u00fay – T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m… trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi danh ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh” – ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng… m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p…<\/p>\n

(4) U.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Do v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y n\u00ean r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi d\u00f9ng danh x\u01b0ng “ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh ” cho s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p (v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 24 duy\u00ean).<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P T\u00d9Y MI\u00caN KH\u00d4NG BI\u1ebeT C\u1ea2NH (Anus\u0101ya an\u0101rammanatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00f9y mi\u00ean (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m th\u00f9y) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttarapathakas cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p “kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh”.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f9y mi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m x\u1ee9, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 D\u1ee5c \u00e1i T\u00f9y mi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c \u00e1i nh\u01b0 D\u1ee5c Tri\u1ec1n, D\u1ee5c b\u1ed9c, D\u1ee5c ph\u1ed1i, D\u1ee5c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1n… D\u1ee5c ph\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (a) D\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi (b) d\u1ee5c \u00e1i chung chung. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong d\u1ee5c \u00e1i).<\/p>\n

(4) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n (a) h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, (b) h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. C\u00f3 hai h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c… nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…<\/p>\n

(5) \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, Ho\u00e0i nghi t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean – C\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. L\u1ea5y t\u00f9y mi\u00ean th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu v\u00f4 minh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 minh B\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, V\u00f4 minh ph\u1ed1i, V\u00f4 minh ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, V\u00f4 minh tri\u1ec1n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc (V\u00f4 minh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 minh).<\/p>\n

(6 – 8) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f9y mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(9) A.U: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n hay ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean”? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i (trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f9y mi\u00ean? (\u0111ang ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y) kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh?<\/p>\n

(10) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 KH\u00d4NG BI\u1ebeT C\u1ea2NH (Nana\u1e43 An\u0101ramanantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y sanh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1i Andhakas \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m, cho r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m x\u1ee9 n\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m x\u1ee9 ngo\u1ea1i (nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p) Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn Tu\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n, Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c, Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Tu\u1ec7 (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t)<\/p>\n

(2 – 4) \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n th\u00ec bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, trong khi Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

(5) A: – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 h\u1eefu l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (\u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n) khi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111ang nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

A: – Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(6) Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i thay th\u1ebf “tri ki\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n” cho “Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n”, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 trong c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn tri ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c2M BI\u1ebeT C\u1ea2NH QU\u00c1 KH\u1ee8 (Atit\u0101rammanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00ean t\u00e2m nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c2M BI\u1ebeT C\u1ea2NH V\u1eca LAI (An\u0101gat\u0101rammanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 6, “V\u1ecb lai” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf cho “Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9”.<\/p>\n

(3) Th: – (Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c) D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m… V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m… Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb lai. Nh\u01b0ng theo Ng\u00e0i, trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m… Thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh?<\/p>\n

(5) A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng “C\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9” kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) kh\u00f4ng? do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00e2m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea6N \u00d0\u1ec0 CHI T\u1ea6M V\u00c0 C\u00c1C S\u1ef0 LI\u00caN H\u1ec6 (Vitakh\u0101nupatitakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: T\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u theo hai c\u00e1ch (1) khi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (2) khi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Niyama) n\u00e0o th\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m n\u00ean t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m (\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y m\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u00fd). V\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 T\u01b0, L\u1ea1c, H\u1ef7, Kh\u1ed5, \u01afu, X\u00e3, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, \u00c1i, S\u00e2n,… V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, V\u00f4 \u00fay, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady…<\/p>\n

(2 – 4) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ea7m (V\u00f4 T\u1ea7m H\u1eefu t\u1ee9) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 (V\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9). Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (1) \u00d0\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 (2) \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 (3) \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9? (4)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ea6M V\u00c0 T\u1ee8 L\u00c0 \u00d0I\u1ec0U KI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1T SANH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee (Vitakh\u0101viph\u0101rasaddakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Khi suy x\u00e9t hay ngh\u0129 ng\u01a1i (T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9) th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (Thinh).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Do t\u1eeb c\u00e2u kinh “Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef do t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 l\u00e0m s\u1edf sanh” n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas cho r\u1eb1ng \u00e2m thanh sanh kh\u1edfi trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng” (5) (Vipph\u0101ra) c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 T\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Thinh ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb x\u00fac ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ra c\u1ee7a x\u00fac, Thinh ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb Th\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00e2m, Ni\u1ec7m, Tu\u1ec7,… \u00d0i\u1ec1u nay Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc….<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Thinh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t ra c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u0129, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o nh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u0129? \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Thinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi nh\u0129… v..v… Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 Thinh?<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee PH\u00d9 H\u1ee2P V\u1edaI T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG (Nayath\u0101cittassav\u0101c\u0101tikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (Ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u) v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129, Ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh khi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd khi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1t ra th\u00ec c\u00f3 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd…<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 suy t\u01b0, ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ecb t\u00e2m chi ph\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

(5) P: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, t\u00e2m h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u00c0NH \u00d0\u1ed8NG PH\u00d9 H\u1ee2P V\u1edaI T\u01af TU\u1edeNG (Nayath\u0101cittassak\u0101yakammantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 3) Th: – (C\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (1 – 3), 10, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX).<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, b\u01b0\u1edbc lui, hay nh\u00ecn sau, nh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, hay nghi\u00eang m\u00ecnh c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

(5) P – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng “T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y” l\u1ea1i \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c hay… ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng “T\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ea7m v\u1eadt n\u00e0y” l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7m v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

12. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 QU\u00c1 KH\u1ee8 V\u1eca LAI V\u00c0 HI\u1ec6N T\u1ea0I (At\u012bt\u0101n\u0101gatapaccupannakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t B\u00e1t Thi\u1ec1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i l\u00eca, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ch\u01b0a ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb lai ch\u01b0a ra, ch\u01b0a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ch\u01b0a \u0111i qua, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i,c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1ecb lai? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ba s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u1ecb lai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (s\u1eafc v\u00e0 danh) Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 15 u\u1ea9n…<\/p>\n

(4 – 6) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 12 x\u1ee9, 18 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 22 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(7) A: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1t thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, 4 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 S\u1eafc (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf)? Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) A. iv 14<\/p>\n

(2) M. i 4.<\/p>\n

(3) M. i 4.<\/p>\n

(4) D. iii 219; M. iii 162; S, iv 363; A. iv 300.<\/p>\n

(5) M. i 301.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng X (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 DI\u1ec6T \u00d0\u1ed8 (Nirodhakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ee5c sinh ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00f4 k\u00fd sanh l\u00ean (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebft, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng sau sanh l\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c (Bhava\u1e45ga) chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 4 u\u1ea9n v\u00f4 k\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 10 lo\u1ea1i u\u1ea9n? V\u00e0 10 lo\u1ea1i u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p nhau trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7p nhau v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n

(2) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 u\u1ea9n v\u00f4 k\u00fd sanh l\u00ean, th\u00ec thay th\u1ebf “9” u\u1ea9n cho “10” u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 t\u1ee5c sinh sanh l\u00ean, th\u00ec thay th\u1ebf “6” u\u1ea9n cho “9” u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(4) A.: – Khi c\u00f3 5 u\u1ea9n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ee5c sinh di\u1ec7t di, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea1o sanh l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

A: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m cho \u00d0\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ea0O V\u00c0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P (R\u016bpammaggotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas, Sammitiyas v\u00e0 M\u0101hasanghikas cho r\u1eb1ng ba chi \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ef1c ra, v\u00ed nh\u1eefng chi \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi \u00d0\u1ea1o) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd, s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ee9 ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quan ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(2 – 3) Ba chi \u0111\u1ea1o (m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p) l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(4 – 5) Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u0103m chi \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh – l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh danh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(6 – 7) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh danh ph\u00e1p trong 3 chi \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn 5 chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i – Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn… Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh – c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh danh ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(8) M. S. M.: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi \u0111\u1ea1o (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m trong \u00d0\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u1ee8NG \u00d0\u1ea0O V\u00c0 NG\u0168 TH\u1ee8C (Pancavinnanasamangimaggabhavanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o trong khi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh t\u1eeb ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Mah\u0101sanghikas, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang….” N\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Trong lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1i Theravadins \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

i – Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sanh do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

ii – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

iii – V\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u00ean trong, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

iv – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

v – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

vi – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u00fd gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

vii – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng) v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

viii – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian (sanh di\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n

ix – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

x – V\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o – S\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t (1) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 “ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t” kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng do nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi” m\u00e0 c\u00f2n “do nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi”? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh l\u00ean li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. N\u00f3 sanh l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n do c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00e2m, Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 S\u1eafc, Thinh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ecb, X\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c sanh l\u00ean li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o khi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(4) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y hay sao: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang… nghe… ng\u1eedi… n\u1ebfm… \u0111\u1ee5ng…”? (2)<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00cdNH C\u00c1CH \u00d0\u1ea0O \u00d0\u1ee8C C\u1ee6A NG\u0168 TH\u1ee8C (Pancavinnana kusal\u0101p\u012btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Trong Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1 – 3) Th: – (Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 X, 3 (1 – 3) \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u00fd ch\u00ed…<\/p>\n

(4) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, trong ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, khi v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang… khi nghe…”?<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NG\u0168 TH\u1ee8C V\u00c0 KI\u1ebeN PH\u01af\u1ee2C (Pancavinn\u0101n\u0101s\u0101bhog\u0101ti kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1ee3c (Sabhoga) (3)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sangbikas. Th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd. (L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, X.2)<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC C\u1ee6A GI\u1edaI LU\u1eacT (Duthi Silehisama\u00f1\u00f1agatotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp song song hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt (Hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: T\u1eeb kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n: “Khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong gi\u1edbi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t”,(4) m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Mah\u0101sanghikas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00d0\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u1edbi hai x\u00fac, hai Th\u1ecd, hai T\u01b0\u1edfng, hai T\u1ee5, hai T\u00e2m, hai T\u00edn, hai C\u1ea7n, hai Ni\u1ec7m, hai \u00d0\u1ecbnh, hai Tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(2) N\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(3 – 5) N\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai (Hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 Si\u00eau th\u1ebf) th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai, X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd… m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf – D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y…<\/p>\n

(4 – 6) Theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng (i) M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c \u00d0\u1ea1o tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf trong ba chi \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong n\u0103m chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (ii) Trong ba chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m chi \u0111\u1ea1o, sau th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quan ni\u1ec7m, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(7) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khi \u00d0\u1ea1o sanh l\u00ean th\u00ec Gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n

Th.: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ee9t gi\u1edbi, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

Th.: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 S\u1ede H\u1eeeU T\u00c2M (S\u012bla\u1e43 acetasikantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, cho r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, d\u00f9 gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m.(XII.4).<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, hay v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u1ee9 (v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m).<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 phi s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u1eady…<\/p>\n

(3 – 5) N\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd ch\u0103ng? Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, th\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p… S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u1eeba c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p. trong s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadnn n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(6 – 8) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3; C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 phi danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p phi danh ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi: – Gi\u1edbi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 phi danh ph\u00e1p, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(9 – 10) V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 b\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi ba chi \u00d0\u1ea1o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 phi danh ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n n\u0103m chi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(11) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do gi\u1edbi di\u1ec7t \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? Do v\u1eady, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 T\u00c2M (S\u012bla\u1e43 nacitt\u0101nuparivatt\u012btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(1 – 5) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 X.7<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 TH\u1ecc NGUY\u1ec6N GI\u1edaI (Sam\u0101danahetukakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e2u kinh “Do s\u1ef1 vun tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi”, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng”, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 M\u0101hasanghikas quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(1 – 4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 5, XII, “Gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n” thay cho “Ph\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed… th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng”, trong ph\u1ea7n (3) “ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh”.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 BI\u1ec2U TRI V\u00c0 GI\u1edaI (Vannattis\u012blantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng “th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u1ea9u bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p”, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ef1c ra, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u tri c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, trong khi ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1nh xa s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u00e1nh xa tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, tr\u00e1nh xa l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, tr\u00e1nh xa u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u tri? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady…<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1y, c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafp tay, c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, c\u00e1ch d\u00e2ng s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda, c\u00e1ch cho n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch cho gi\u00e0y, c\u00e1ch cho kh\u0103n cho\u00e0ng t\u1eafm… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) M. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u tri kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang l\u00e0 phi gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 V\u00d4 BI\u1ec2U TRI V\u00c0 PHI GI\u1edaI (Avinnattiduss\u012blyantikakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u tri l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef t\u1ed9i (trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, n\u00f3i l\u00e1o, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u tri kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc (Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tri, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u tri).<\/p>\n

(2) N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u00fang t\u00fang khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00e2m m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t xa v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n

(3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(4) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Do \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 bi\u1ec3u tri c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Compendium 67; 216<\/p>\n

(2) A. i 113<\/p>\n

(3) Xem VIII. 9. &1.<\/p>\n

(4) S. i. 133, 165.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XI (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00d9Y MI\u00caN (Tissopianusayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd, t\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n, t\u00f9y mi\u00ean b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: T\u00f9y mi\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 7 ph\u00e1p, \u00e1i, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, h\u1eefu \u00e1i, h\u1eadn, ho\u00e0i nghi, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m theo ba m\u1eb7t: (i) T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd (ii); T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n; (iii) B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas, h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu trong khi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 T\u00f9y mi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9m\u1ed9t t\u00f9y mi\u00ean n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

T\u00d9Y MI\u00caN L\u00c0 V\u00d4 K\u00dd<\/h5>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh danh T\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd n\u00e0o – nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 k\u00fd h\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n, v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, nh\u0129 x\u1ee9, t\u1ef7 x\u1ee9, thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, th\u00e2n x\u1ee9, s\u1eafc x\u1ee9, thinh x\u1ee9, h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9, v\u1ecb x\u1ee9, x\u00fac x\u1ee9? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(2 – 8) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t 7 T\u00f9y mi\u00ean – tr\u1eeb khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i hay m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec1n \u00c1ch ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 trang th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f9a T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd d\u00f9 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, hay ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, Ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, h\u1eefu \u00e1i hay v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n

(9) M\u0101hasanghikas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas: – T\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu trong khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd c\u00f3 T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M. S.: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh nhau trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

M. S.: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec T\u00f9y mi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd (khi quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u0103n tham hay c\u0103n nh\u00e2n tham.<\/p>\n

T\u00d9Y MI\u00caN L\u00c0 V\u00d4 NH\u00c2N (1)<\/h5>\n

(10) Th: – Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh danh T\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o (xem ph\u1ea7n 1) nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i T\u00f9y mi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a “Tri\u1ec1n”. “\u00c1ch ph\u01b0\u1ee3c”, “b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u”, “ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c… ” Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tham, s\u00e2n, si…<\/p>\n

(11) M. S.: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 duy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng trong ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu duy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00e1i trong suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n tham v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3, theo nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i, \u00e1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u00d9Y MI\u00caN B\u1ea4T T\u01af\u01a0NG \u01afNG V\u1edaI T\u00c2M<\/h5>\n

(12 – 19) – L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 IX, 4 (1 – 8), thay th\u1ebf “b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng” hay “li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m” cho “kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng” hay “c\u1ea3nh danh ph\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

(20) M. S. – Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean trong khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng T\u00f9y mi\u00ean b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00e1i trong khi suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 (N\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “b\u1eadc c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7” khi t\u00e2m b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: – Ph\u00e1i Mahasanghikas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn v\u00f4 minh b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c quan, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y “c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7” v\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u1ea5y, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi \u00e1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00e1i: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi s\u00e2n, si, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0o n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 minh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(3) Mahasanghikas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 “B\u1eadc c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7” b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111i, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y…<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 V\u00c0 T\u00c2M B\u00ccNH NH\u1eacT (\u00d1\u0101na\u1e43 Cittavippapyuttantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tu\u1ec7 (\u00d1\u0101na) b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 trong l\u00fac b\u1eadc \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u00d0\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7, do \u0111\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00fac b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, do \u0111\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 (v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn) l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hay v\u1edbi x\u1ee9…? Th\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm thay…! Hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n, Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c, Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(4) Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Tr\u00ed c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, v\u1eeba b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(5) Pubbaseliyas: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, nghe… c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1eadc c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7” ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

P: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng.4<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, thay “tr\u00ed” cho “tu\u1ec7”. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng gi\u1eefa tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1T \u00c2M “\u00d0\u00c2Y L\u00c0 KH\u1ed4” (Idandukkhantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: – Khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m “\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5” (2), tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e0y ra v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y qua s\u1ef1 tranh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 khi \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1ea7n t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng “\u00d0\u00e2y-l\u00e0-kh\u1ed5” (3)<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c: \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp, \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t, \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ba \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 I.<\/p>\n

(3) Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i T\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n (trong ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n – danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc).<\/p>\n

(4) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

(7) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 theo t\u1eebng v\u1ea7n “K…H…\u1ed4” th\u00ec Tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

A: – Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u1ea6N TH\u00d4NG L\u1ef0C (Iddhibalakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp (c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m t\u1eeb kappa (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, ki\u1ebfp tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t) trong b\u00e0i kinh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng “\u00d0\u1ea1i b\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n”. Trong b\u00e0i kinh n\u00e0y Kappa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo ngh\u0129a “Ki\u1ebfp tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t” m\u00e0 trong ngh\u0129a “ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng”. Th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c, n\u00f3i theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u theo th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00d0\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong 2, 3, 4 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng khi c\u00f2n sanh m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eadc n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh m\u1ea1ng?<\/p>\n

M\u0101hasanghikas: – B\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, khi c\u00f2n sinh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang khi b\u1eadc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o! B\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t sao?<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean t\u1eeb X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0,…?<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec 1 trong 5 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(5) Hay l\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (a) nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb sanh ra \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb sanh n\u1eefa? hay (b) nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e0 n\u1eefa? (c) nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eefa, hay (d) nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n

(6) M. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y Anada, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n T\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u00fac, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp hay h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng”. (4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra sao?<\/p>\n

(7) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n, M\u0101ra, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean hay m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n (patibhoge) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, mong r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y “. B\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, mong r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft mong r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n… \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y, t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh, \u0111em l\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n (Sadarani) \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c sanh gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y mong r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n, M\u0101ra, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean hay m\u1ed9t ai \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y…”? (5)<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c2M \u00d0\u1ecaNH (Sam\u0101dhikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sabbatthivadins v\u00e0 Uttarapathakas, do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “Tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea9u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”. D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m (v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m), khi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh (kaggata) sanh kh\u1edfi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed7i s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a sanh, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 l\u00fd kh\u00ed n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng trang th\u00e1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 trang th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh “hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i”.<\/p>\n

(2) Sabbatthiradins v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101pathakas: – N\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

S.U.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, hay trong l\u00fac suy t\u01b0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si, hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(3) Th: – N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, th\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 cho n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi \u00e1i, s\u00e2n hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(4) S.U.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft: “N\u00e0y Nigantha Jains, Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam” (6). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

7. NH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P \u00d0\u01af\u1ee2C TI\u00caN LI\u1ec6U (Dhammatthitat\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. (7)<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e2u kinh “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo. D\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u01b0 lai c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, an tr\u00fa l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1p tr\u00fa t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, y duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y…” (8) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i ph\u00e1p trong v\u00f2ng th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n (cho ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c sanh ra) v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00e1i Theravadins gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa…<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u (b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c)? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed…<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o (danh s\u1eafc) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 V\u00d4 TH\u01af\u1edcNG (Aniccat\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 3) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. C\u1ea3 hai l\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

(4 – 5) (L\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, danh s\u1eafc) S\u1eafc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft hay s\u1ef1 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi danh u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n (hetu), xem Compendium 279f.<\/p>\n

(2) Idam dukkham?<\/p>\n

(3) Idam dukkham?<\/p>\n

(4) Dl. ii 110f.<\/p>\n

(5) A. ii 172.<\/p>\n

(6) M. i 94<\/p>\n

(7) Parinibbana. Xem Compendium, p. 156, 157.<\/p>\n

(8) S. ii 25; A. i 286.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THU TH\u00daC V\u00c0 NGHI\u1ec6P (Samvarokammantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, v\u00ec nh\u00e3n c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, khi\u1ebfn tham \u00e1i, \u01b0u, bi, c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, T\u1ef3 kheo ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 theo nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y… khi nghe tai ti\u1ebfng, m\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng… l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb… th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac… \u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p”… Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n thu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u00fd m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng (th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd); n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u0129 nghi\u1ec7p… V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 5 (th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 khi d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef K\u0101ya v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a “C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n” v\u00e0 “th\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u tri”.<\/p>\n

\u00d0o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng thu th\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – N\u1ebfu quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y… Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac th\u00e2n v\u00e0 thu th\u00fac \u00fd, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 sau \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i? \u00d0i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(2) D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p khi s\u1ef1 thu th\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n? (L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (1)).<\/p>\n

(3) Mahasanghikas: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, T\u1ef3 kheo khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, v\u00ec nh\u00e3n c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, khi\u1ebfn tham \u00e1i \u01b0u bi, c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, T\u1ef3 kheo ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y… Khi tai nghe ti\u1ebfng… khi m\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng…. L\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb… th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac… \u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p…”<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P (Kammakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u cho qu\u1ea3 (vipaka).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p (Kamma) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n hay t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 cho qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3. \u00d0o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng duy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u cho qu\u1ea3? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 cho qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n cho qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 th\u00e0nh d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 cho nh\u0169ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong ba c\u00f5i…(1) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng T\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, m\u00e0 theo Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, d\u1ea7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y sanh kh\u1edfi ngay trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay trong \u0111\u1eddi sau.” (2). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u cho qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THINH V\u00c0 QU\u1ea2 (Saddovip\u0101kotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Thinh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 (c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh sau “… M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a.”<\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi danh ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y “Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111i theo b\u00e2c \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, hay c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p? M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, hay phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c. Thinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd n\u00e0y, Thinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi x\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u01b0, t\u1ea7m, thinh bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e2m, s\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

(2) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ea5y s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thinh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(3) M\u0101hasanghikas – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i hay nh\u01b0 chim h\u1ecda mi, l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a”? (3).<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng thinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u1ee4C NH\u1eacP (Sal\u0101yatanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, hay danh ph\u00e1p). V\u1edbi \u00fd nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadp kia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(1 – 4) C\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m 3, “\u00dd nh\u1eadp” (manayatana) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

5. S\u1ef0 GI\u1edaI H\u1ea0N V\u1ec0 C\u00c1CH T\u00c1I SANH C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC TH\u1ea4T LAI (Sattakkhattuparamakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec1m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sanh t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u00eam b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t A-la-h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, ch\u00edch m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, hay ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3y ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng? V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qui lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1eadc Th\u1ea5t lai b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, t\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, t\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac, ng\u0169 c\u0103n, ng\u0169 l\u1ee5c, th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp?<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(5) Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u1eeb phi b\u1eadc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(6) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u1ea5t lai ch\u00ed th\u01b0\u1ee3ng? th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1eefu l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng? (4)<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u1ee4C LAI C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC D\u1ef0 L\u01afU (Kal\u0101nkola ekav\u012bj\u012bkath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

(1) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng L\u1ee5c lai c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (Kolankola) m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 l\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb lai D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u, Tam Lai D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u… L\u1ee5c Lai D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u?<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ngc\u00f3 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u Nh\u1ea5t Lai (Ekabijin) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u1edaI S\u00c1T SANH C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC H\u1eeeU H\u1eccC (5) (J\u012bvitavoropanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tri ki\u1ebfn (1) (b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi sanh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: – Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseleyas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tri ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u00e2n h\u1eadn \u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh khi s\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n

(1) N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt hay ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng… v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd.<\/p>\n

(2) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng hay \u00d0i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

(3) M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong khi Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(4) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, kh\u1ea1c nh\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng n\u01a1i b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

(5) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u1edd b\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec Ch\u01b0 Thinh v\u0103n \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9 v\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng (m\u00e0 l\u00e0m)”? (6)<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tri ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 KHUYNH H\u01af\u1edaNG T\u00c0 KI\u1ebeN C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI CH\u00c1NH KI\u1ebeN (Duggatikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 4) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u0103m nhi\u1ec5m trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1eafc, Thinh, H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u1ecb, X\u00fac n\u00e0o. \u1ede c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m v\u1edbi n\u00e0y phi nh\u1ee3n, n\u00e0ng b\u00e0ng sanh, n\u00e0ng r\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 d\u00ea, g\u00e0, heo, voi, b\u00f2, ng\u1ef1a, la, chim, c\u00e1, c\u00f2, c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, trong khi Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(5) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng m\u00f4t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, b\u00e0ng sanh hay c\u00f5i ng\u1ee5c qu\u1ef7? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

9. KHUYNH H\u01af\u1edaNG T\u00c0 KI\u1ebeN C\u1ee6A B\u1eacC TH\u1ea4T LAI (Sattamabhavikakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u1ea5t lai th\u00ec nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

(Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Theravadins, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m 5 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y…)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Ds. 583.<\/p>\n

(2) A. v 292.<\/p>\n

(3) D. iii. 173.<\/p>\n

(4) Xem Puggala Pannatti, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7.<\/p>\n

(5) Ditthisampanno Puggala<\/p>\n

(6) Vin. iii. 303.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. H\u00ccNH PH\u1ea0T TRONG V\u00d4 GI\u00c1N \u00d0\u1ecaA NG\u1ee4C. (Kappatthakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp (kappa).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Rajagirikas, hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh: “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp”<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng sanh \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Hay khi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, hay khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, hay khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ebft…<\/p>\n

(2) Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00d0\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai, hay l\u00e0 hai, ba, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp…<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp \u1ea5y, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

Rajagirikas: – \u00d0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? c\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

R: – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th: – M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y… Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng? \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng – nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ee9 Th\u1ea7n T\u00fac – D\u1ee5c, C\u1ea7n, T\u00e2m, Th\u1eabm kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(3) R: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng, s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch chia r\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e1p, tr\u00e1nh xa ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m cho t\u0103ng g\u00eca b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.”<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00c2M THI\u1ec6N C\u1ee6A CH\u00daNG SANH \u1ede \u00d0\u1eccA X\u1ee8 (Kusalacitta patil\u0101bhakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00fang sanh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1edbi d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Tuy Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c, b\u00e1t, t\u1ecda c\u1ee5, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c men, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em b\u00f4ng, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, \u0111\u1ed3 thoa, \u0111\u1ed3 trang ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(2) Uttar\u0101pathakas: – Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ngu\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n sanh kh\u1edfi (l\u00fac ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb nh\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c). \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n si\u00eau th\u1ebf n\u1eefa sao!<\/p>\n

3. NG\u01af\u1edcI X\u00daI GI\u1ee4C T\u1ea0O NGHI\u1ec6P V\u00d4 GI\u00c1N (Anantar\u0101payultakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c theo m\u1ed9t trong hai c\u00e1ch: (a) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi x\u00fai; (b) ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i l\u1eddi x\u00fai. Theo ph\u00e1i Theravadins, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5a hay x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e0 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y lo \u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i sau khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi \u00e1c n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(2) U: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m qua s\u1ef1 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i? Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y r\u00fat l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefg l\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tan s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i ngay trong l\u00fac h\u1ecd x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/p>\n

(3) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i hay sao? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u1ee8NG \u00d0\u1ea0O C\u1ee6A B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T (Niyatassaniy\u0101makath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t “Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh” (Niy\u0101ma) ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng danh ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh trong tam gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh”. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri r\u1eb1ng: “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai”.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (niyata) v\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee5 t\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng hai ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Aparaseliyas, d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh”<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh” ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng T\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i? \u00d0\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ea1o, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh… v.v… Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

(2) P. A: – Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

P.A: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u01af\u1edaNG NG\u1ea0I (Nivutakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i (Nir\u0101vana) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y v\u1edbi ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i th\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang say m\u00ea v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, t\u00e2m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v.v…<\/p>\n

U: – (N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o). Ng\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? \u00c1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t xa nhau: tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean kia, ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c”? (1)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(2) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh, trong s\u1ea1ch, thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m, nhu nhi\u1ec5m, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c”…? (2)<\/p>\n

(3) U: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “V\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m v\u1ecb n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c – D\u1ee5c l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh l\u1eadu”?<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y, b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P TR\u00d3I BU\u1ed8C V\u00c0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T  (Sammukh\u012bbh\u016btakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tri\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 XIII-5)<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P L\u1ea0C C\u1ee6A THI\u1ec0N (Sam\u0101panna Assadetikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00edch th\u00fa trong Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “Khi ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9…”<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111u\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3… T\u01b0, T\u00e2m. T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9, Ni\u1ec7m, H\u1ef7, Tu\u1ec7…<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c trong thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c trong thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, trong khi Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, hai ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau, l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(3) A – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa thi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t trang th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y, \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 do v\u1eady t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c”? (3)<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c trong thi\u1ec1n, luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG B\u1ea4T KH\u1ea2 \u00c1I (As\u0101taragakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 trong c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y”. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1i Uttr\u0101pathakas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00edch th\u00fa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n, khao kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111au kh\u1ed5? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u00e2n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng? c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hai t\u00f9y mi\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean trong c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean trong c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

(3) U: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng, hay hi\u1ec1m k\u1ef5. H\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 trong ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y”? (4)<\/p>\n

D\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i.<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u1ee6A PH\u00c1P \u00c1I L\u00c0 V\u00d4 K\u00dd (Dhammatanh\u0101abyakat\u0101tikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u1ee5c x\u1ee9) c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i (ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c) n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p \u00e1i n\u00e0y t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u00f4 k\u00fd thi\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 k\u00fd qu\u1ea3 hay v\u00f4 k\u00fd h\u1ea1nh – s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, t\u1ef7 x\u1ee9, thi\u1ec7n x\u1ee9, th\u00e2n x\u1ee9… Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ebfu n\u00e0y (v\u00ec tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n

Hay l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p \u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, thinh \u00e1i… l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p \u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ch\u0103ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u00f5i tham (hay nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1eafm) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ch\u0103ng? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tham ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(3) Trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng tham (lobha) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c (S\u1eafc \u00e1i, th\u00e2n \u00e1i) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ” Tham \u0111\u1eafm n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vui th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m, rong ru\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y. – \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u00e1i h\u1eefu, \u00e1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc…” (5)<\/p>\n

(5) P: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 hay sao?<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P \u00c1I V\u00c0 T\u1eacP \u00d0\u1ebe (Dhammatanh\u0101 Na Dukkhasamudayotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u1ea3nh \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn g\u00ec v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m c\u1ea3nh \u00e1i kh\u00e1c? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc \u00e1i… th\u00e2n \u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1p \u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(2 – 5) Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean XIII.9.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) A. ii 50<\/p>\n

(2) Dl. i 92.<\/p>\n

(3) A. ii 126<\/p>\n

(4) M. i 266<\/p>\n

(5) S. iii 26, Vin. i 95<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIV (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. S\u1ef0 H\u00d2A H\u1ee2P H\u1ed6 T\u01af\u01a0NG GI\u1eeeA THI\u1ec6N V\u00c0 B\u1ea4T THI\u1ec6N (Kusal\u0101kusalapatisandahanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u0103n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi c\u0103n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i li\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ngay sau nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 l\u00fd. Ph\u00e1i M\u0101hasanghikas cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba th\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, n\u00ean trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m Javana trong m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, do v\u1eady t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 “t\u00e1c \u00fd”.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, trong khi quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb hay s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m khi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u0103n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n sanh kh\u1edfi do phi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n sanh kh\u1edfi do l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd? Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn do nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd m\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n sanh kh\u1edfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng? T\u00e2m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c? T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i? T\u00e2m t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ganh t\u1ef5? S\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1eadt \u00fd?…<\/p>\n

(4 – 6) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ” C\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. “<\/p>\n

(7) M: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ly d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd sanh kh\u1edfi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd: C\u00f3 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 T\u0102NG TR\u01af\u1edeNG C\u1ee6A L\u1ee4C NH\u1eacP (Sal\u0101yatanuppattikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac trong thai m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thai sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec 5 s\u1eafc th\u1ea7n kinh hay \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi (c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac) nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ef1 thai sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh, c\u00f3 s\u1eafc \u00fd v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh th\u00e2n (ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n s\u1eafc tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nam hay n\u1eef) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi, b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n nh\u1eadp, nh\u0129 nh\u1eadp, T\u1ef7 nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 2 sau khi t\u1ee5c sinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Aparaseliyas tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi trong thai m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… (Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh ch\u0103ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng tay, ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1ed7 tai, l\u1ed7 m\u0169i, v\u00e0 r\u0103ng c\u00f9ng sanh kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh \u1ea5y? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u00e3n nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(2) P.A: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp: Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, sanh ra sau khi ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p \u0111em nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadp \u1ea5y v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… Nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng thai m\u1eb9 t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng k\u00edch quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?<\/p>\n

(3) Hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng…? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean kalala,<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Kalala<\/p>\n

Abbuda c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t,<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Abbuda<\/p>\n

Dasi (th\u1ecbt m\u1ec1m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra,<\/p>\n

Des\u012b sinh ghana (th\u1ecbt c\u1ee9ng)<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Pas\u0101kha (chi ti\u1ebft),<\/p>\n

T\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra,<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0103n<\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ed3 \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u1ea5y nu\u00f4i l\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1ee1ng”? (1)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh ra sau khi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong thai m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 LI\u00caN T\u1ee4C SANH KH\u1edeI C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C TH\u1ee8C (Anantarapaccayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c sanh ra sau khi m\u00f4t th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghe khi bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u00faa v\u00e0 h\u00e1t, n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nhau kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c sanh ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc… N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u00e2m nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh thinh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “Do nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi”, (2) Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 sanh.<\/p>\n

(3 – 4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(5) U: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 m\u00faa, h\u00e1t, th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, tai nghe ti\u1ebfng, m\u0169i ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb, th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau kh\u00f4ng? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 BI\u1ec2U HI\u1ec6N C\u1ee6A M\u1ed8T V\u1eca TH\u00c1NH (Ariyar\u016bpakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n (v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9 s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i”. (3)<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu, phi c\u1ea3nh tri\u1ec1n, phi c\u1ea3nh ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, phi c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ed1i, phi c\u1ea3nh b\u1ed9c, phi c\u1ea3nh ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, phi c\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7, phi c\u1ea3nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh s\u1eafc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(3) U: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eafc y sinh”? (3)<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00d9Y MI\u00caN (Anno anusayotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00f9y mi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3y t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: – Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu khi ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n hay v\u00f4 k\u00fd th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c \u00e1i t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c \u00e1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c (\u00e1i d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 T\u00f9y mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(2 – 7) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho 6 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean kh\u00e1c – S\u00e2n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, ho\u00e0i nghi t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u00f9y mi\u00ean, h\u1eefu \u00e1i t\u1ee7y mi\u00ean, v\u00f4 minh t\u00f9y mi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(8) A: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu trong suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n hay v\u00f4 k\u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean n\u00e0o l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i?<\/p>\n

Th: – N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u00f9 cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TRI\u1ec0N B\u1ea4T T\u01af\u01a0NG \u01afNG V\u1edaI T\u00c2M (Pariyutth\u0101na Cittavippayttantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tri\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c sanh kh\u1edfi trong l\u00fac m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng…) ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u00d0\u00f4i khi, n\u00e0y Bh\u0101radv\u0101ja, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ‘ta s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh’, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng”.(4) \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1i phi danh ph\u00e1p – s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, x\u00fac x\u1ee9… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u00e1i, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 si, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

7. S\u1ef0 LI\u00caN H\u1ec6 GI\u1eeeA S\u1eaeC \u00c1I V\u00c0 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (Pariy\u0101pannakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc \u00e1i ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng \u00e1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n, \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u1ee5c sinh trong c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u00e1i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00e1i thinh ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong thinh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong thinh gi\u1edbi? Hay nh\u1eefng \u00e1i kh\u00e1c (h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac) c\u0169ng ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc? N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00e1i s\u1eafc ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(3 – 4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u00e1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f5i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

(5) A. S: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f5i \u1ea5y, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00e1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc ng\u0169 ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

8. PH\u00c1P V\u00d4 K\u00dd (Aby\u0101katakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101pathakas kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef “Avy\u0101kata” (a) nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (b) nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 k\u00fd. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3, t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9, x\u00fac x\u1ee9… \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ednh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c hay nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 k\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, trong khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3, trong khi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i cho qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i hay sao?<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, n\u00e0y Vaccha, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n”? (5) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Punna, ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh: \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0ng sanh”? (6)<\/p>\n

(4) A.U: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Vaccha, ta kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu bi\u00ean hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. Sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hay sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 lai c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft hay Nh\u01b0 lai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft. Hay nh\u01b0 lai c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft. Hay Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi ch\u1ebft.”? (7)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(5) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo ki\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec… ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo ki\u1ec3u \u1ea5y, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (cetan\u0101) ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o (patthana), ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o (panidhi) v\u00e0 ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o (sankh\u0101r\u0101) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, \u0111au kh\u1ed5”?(8)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd”<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 B\u1ea4T LI\u00caN QUAN LU\u00c2N H\u1ed2I (Apariy\u0101pannakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i”.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1o, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac… Gi\u00e1c chi – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) P.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e0m phu khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p “b\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i”.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(3) S. i 206<\/p>\n

(1) S. ii 72; M.i 259.<\/p>\n

(2) M. i 53, 185.<\/p>\n

(3) A. v 348.<\/p>\n

(4) S. iv 111<\/p>\n

(5) M. i 490<\/p>\n

(6) M. i 388; S. iv. 307.<\/p>\n

(7) S. iv 393, 401<\/p>\n

(8) A. v 212<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XV (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u00dd DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI (Paccayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.(1)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mahasanghikas. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p trong nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean hay li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp duy\u00ean.(2)<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p trong c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean, hay li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – \u00d0\u01a1n c\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea9m (Vimansa) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean hay sao? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i D\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Duy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh hay sao? N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng D\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00d0\u00f4ng sanh duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ebfu C\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u0103n (quy\u1ec1n) duy\u00ean (indriya), ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai: Tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Quy\u1ec1n duy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t C\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 hai: Tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 V\u1eadt th\u1ef1c (ahara) th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eadt Th\u1ef1c duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t T\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edfng coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n, hay l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai: \u00d0\u1ea1o duy\u00ean v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean. h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hai: Tr\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n sanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n sanh ra sau v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai: V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 C\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n

(6) V\u1edbi t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean hay sao?<\/p>\n

(7) Trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang thay th\u1ebf cho t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh hay t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(8) M: – Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1eadn bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, V\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean, C\u1ea3nh duy\u00ean, Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp duy\u00ean, Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u1ed6 T\u01af\u01a0NG DUY\u00caN (Annanannapaccayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0nh do duy\u00ean v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 minh do duy\u00ean h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Mahasanghikas, h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh (v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi).<\/p>\n

(1) Theravadins: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 minh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh hay sao? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3, h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean (m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh duy\u00ean).<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Th\u1ee7 do duy\u00ean \u00e1i l\u00e0m duy\u00ean. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “\u00c1i do Duy\u00ean Th\u1ee7”? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(3) M: – “Sanh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo do duy\u00ean l\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1eed, trong khi Th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i do duy\u00ean sanh”. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay sao?<\/p>\n

Th: – Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M: – Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean gi\u1eefa \u00c1i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

(4) Th: – “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc do duy\u00ean Th\u1ee9c, h\u1eb3n do duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi sanh ra”, (3) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay sao?<\/p>\n

M: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u1edcI GIAN (Addhakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eef “addha” (th\u1eddi gian) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (A. i 197), h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p… khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo 5 u\u1ea9n (danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc), th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(2) \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1ea7u cho Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00e0o, Danh hay s\u1eafc c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n v\u1ecb lai hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai hay th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i 5 th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, 5 th\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai, 5 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u0103ng? (4)<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 15 th\u1eddi sao? hay l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 12 x\u1ee9 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, 12 x\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai, 12 x\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 36 th\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(5) Hay l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 18 gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 54 th\u1eddi ch\u0103ng? hay l\u00e0 22 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 66 th\u1eddi ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(6) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ra. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i; hay l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn; hay l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”. Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e0?<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u00c1T NA C\u1ee6A TH\u1edcI GIAN (Khanalayamuhuttakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u1eacU HO\u1eb6C (\u0100savakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ee9 l\u1eadu t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu (5)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins. V\u00ec tr\u00ean h\u1ebft t\u1ee9 l\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eadu m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi “t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadu”, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ee9 l\u1eadu t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ec1p lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p phi c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

(2) H: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1eadu n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u1eadu, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u00c3O T\u1eec (Jaramaranakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: L\u00e3o v\u00e0 T\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: L\u00e3o v\u00e0 T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 “hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf” hay “si\u00eau th\u1ebf”. Ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3o t\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf. \u00d0\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u0103ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e3o t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

(2) M: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i L\u00e3o, T\u1eed c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Do v\u1eady, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u1ec0N DI\u1ec6T TH\u1ecc T\u01af\u1edeNG \u00d0\u1ecaNH (Sannavedayitakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Di\u1ec7t Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c danh u\u1ea9n, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean XV, 5 v\u00e0 6 )<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 DI\u1ec6T TH\u1ecc T\u01af\u1edeNG \u00d0\u1ecaNH (II) (Dutiyasannayedayitkath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t trong tam gi\u1edbi (d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, hay v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi). \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 6 (2)<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u1ec0N DI\u1ec6T TH\u1ecc T\u01af\u1edeNG \u00d0\u1ecaNH (III) (Tatiyasann\u0101vedayitakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft trong khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1edfng \u00d0\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Rajagirikas v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eed vong kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong khi nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n di\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i – Nh\u01b0 x\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u1ea7m… Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u1ea5p h\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng<\/p>\n

(2) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t: m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao hay l\u1eeda \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u1eadc \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc \u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(4) Hay l\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao hay l\u1eeda c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt sao?<\/p>\n

R.: – Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho b\u1eadc \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

(5) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang ch\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u1ec0N DI\u1ec6T TH\u1ecc T\u01af\u1edeNG \u00d0\u1ecaNH (L\u00c0 CON \u00d0\u01af\u1edcNG \u00d0\u01afA \u00d0\u1ebeN C\u00d5I V\u00d4 T\u01af\u1edeNG) (Asannas\u0101tt\u016bp\u012bkath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t Th\u1ecd V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n di\u1ec7t (a) \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 (b) thu\u1ed9c si\u00eau th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i hay sao?…<\/p>\n

(2) D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edfng, Th\u1ecd, H\u00e0nh, T\u00e2m…? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng danh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(3) Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(4) H: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o trong thi\u1ec1n di\u1ec7t th\u00ec b\u1eadc \u0111ang nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, trong c\u00f5i \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 T\u00cdCH TR\u1eee NGHI\u1ec6P (Kammupaccayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 danh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00e2m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 10 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch tr\u1eef? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nghi\u1ec7p ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e0? Nh\u01b0ng suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd sao? Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1eddi Th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hai \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

(3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t \u0111i khi t\u00e2m di\u1ec7t (trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c). Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng khi t\u00e2m di\u1ec7t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

(5) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m: nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau… N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u1ea5y v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 trong khi Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p sanh ra qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(6) Sau c\u00f9ng, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Punna, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd \u00e1c hay thi\u1ec7n. Do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd sanh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 th\u00fa hay l\u1ea1c th\u00fa… C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng… l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean hay A-tu-la… v\u00e0 Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sanh l\u00e0 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p”? (1) Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Xem b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Patth\u0101na.<\/p>\n

(2) Compendium 279f.<\/p>\n

(3) S. iii 114<\/p>\n

(4) A 179.<\/p>\n

(5) Xem Compendium 227.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XVI (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u1ebe NG\u1ef0 T\u00c2M (Niggahakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mahasanghikas, cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng (ph\u00e0m) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eebng tham, s\u00e2n, si, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra \u0111\u1eebng cho di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0: Th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0… Tu\u1ec7? T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) Hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00e1i, S\u00e2n hay nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u00d0\u1ea1o, T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? Trong t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf: S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u1ed5, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn T\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Sau h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “L\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c.. do ta. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt v\u1eady, b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng do ta. C\u0169ng do ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. Do ta, ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc. Trong s\u1ea1ch hay \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y n\u01a1i ta, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”? (1) Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(4) M: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng hay sao? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u1ed8 TR\u00cc T\u00c2M NG\u01af\u1edcI KH\u00c1C (Paggahakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec (gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1) t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mahasanghikas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i m\u00ea, hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n…? Hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c sinh ra c\u0103n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hay m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m. \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7… (Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 BAN B\u1ed0 H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC (CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI KH\u00c1C) (Sukh\u0101nuppad\u0101na Kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(2) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

Sau h\u1ebft, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng trong khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

(3) H: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c Ud\u0101yin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “\u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban b\u1ed1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang ta”? (2) Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ban b\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c1C \u00dd (Adhiggayamanasik\u0101rakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1i pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Aparaseliyas, do kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (a) t\u00e1c \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; (b) t\u00e1c \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay v\u1ecb lai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u00fd trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u00fd \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc (b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac). Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u00fd? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, khi t\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi x\u00fac b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00fac \u1ea5y? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd \u1ea5y? L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u00e2m, T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9, H\u1ef7, Ni\u1ec7m, Tu\u1ec7? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i…<\/p>\n

(2) Khi ch\u00fang ta t\u00e1c \u00fd qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u00fd v\u1ecb lai b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb lai \u1ea5y \u01b0? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p song song trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c… V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay th\u1ebf “hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i” cho “v\u1ecb lai”. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong khi t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i ba ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y song song nhau.<\/p>\n

(3 – 4) Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

(5) P. A: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u1eadc \u1ea5y th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, b\u1eadc n\u00e0y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n kh\u1ed5? \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thanh l\u1ecdc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m… Kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o… V\u00f4 ng\u00e3…”? (3) Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P L\u00c0 NH\u00c2N THI\u1ec6N (R\u016bppamhet\u016btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: “Nh\u00e2n” (Hetu) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t – tham, s\u00e2n, si, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, hay t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean n\u00e0o hay s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt “B\u1ed1n s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho s\u1eafc \u00fd sinh” (4) n\u00ean tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

i – S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 1 trong 6 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

ii – S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd… T\u1eeb hai s\u1ef1 bao h\u00e0m n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(2 – 3) Th\u1eadt ra, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi (ii) l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1eefu l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho 6 nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(4) U. – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho S\u1eafc Y sinh sanh ra hay sao? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, S\u1eafc T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ea1i, S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng duy\u00ean (d\u1ea7u sao th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u duy\u00ean).<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P L\u00c0 PH\u00c1P H\u1eeeU NH\u00c2N (R\u016bpasahetukantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

i – N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong 6 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

ii – N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft C\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi… (xem ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

(2) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh, b\u00e1c \u00e1i, v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 v\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a danh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi v..v.. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(4) U. – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean hay sao? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P THI\u1ec6N V\u00c0 B\u1ea4T THI\u1ec6N (R\u016bpamkusal\u0101kusalantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n “Th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n”. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta xem nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua h\u00e0nh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m nh\u01b0: s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi…? Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd?<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y v\u1edbi 3 nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n hay 5 quy\u1ec1n (b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf).<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p…<\/p>\n

(4 – 6) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p khi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(7) M. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n sao? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.?<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P L\u00c0 D\u1eca TH\u1ee4C QU\u1ea2 (R\u016bpamvip\u0101kotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Sammitiyas, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p sanh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Th\u1ecd, L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, phi kh\u1ed5, phi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, X\u00fac, T\u01b0, T\u00e2m, S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi…? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a danh, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y m\u1edbi cho qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(3) A. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 sao? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p sanh kh\u1edfi xuy\u00ean qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC PH\u00c1P TRONG S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI V\u00c0 V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (R\u016bpam r\u016bpavacar\u0101r\u016bpavacarantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1: i) C\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi; ii) C\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t trong thi\u1ec1n, ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5c sinh trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nhph\u00fac trong c\u00f5i \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ea7n (i). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd cho c\u1ea3 hai (i) v\u00e0 (ii) sao?<\/p>\n

(3) A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p sanh ra do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o \u1edf D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i n\u00e0y? n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec khi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p sanh kh\u1edfi do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1eaeC \u00c1I V\u00c0 V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC \u00c1I (R\u016bpar\u0101go r\u016bpadh\u0101tupariy\u0101pannoti \u0101dikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1eafc \u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u1edf XIV.7 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – L\u00fd lu\u1eadn trong ph\u1ea7n (1) ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XVI 9.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac…. V\u00e0 \u00c1i thinh, \u00c1i x\u00fac c\u0169ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn thinh gi\u1edbi, x\u00fac gi\u1edbi?<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 sau, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(4) Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (ii) \u00c1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u1edf (XVI. 9i).<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong (XVI. 10, 2). N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng (h\u1eefu l\u00fd), th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c (\u00c1i nh\u00e3n, \u00c1i nh\u0129… \u00c1i th\u00e2n) c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f5i \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 (Nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi,… th\u00e2n gi\u1edbi). Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00c1i V\u00f4 S\u1eafc li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi V\u00f4 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(7) A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00c1i d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi sao? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1i s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u00c1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Dhp. c\u00e2u 164.<\/p>\n

(2) M. i 447<\/p>\n

(3) Thag. c\u00e2u 676, 678<\/p>\n

(4) Xem Compendium, tr. 279<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XVII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 A-LA-H\u00c1N V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 T\u00cdCH TR\u1eee PH\u01af\u1edaC B\u00c1U (Atthi Arahato Pu\u00f1\u00f1upacayotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00edch tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00edch tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tr\u1eef t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

(2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc), b\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i n\u00e0y hay c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n (sanh m\u1ea1ng) n\u00e0y hay kh\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa, th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean hay nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i…<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc n\u00e0y, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn (nghi\u1ec7p) hay ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n hay t\u1eadp trung nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(4) A: – Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed y ph\u1ee5c, b\u00e1t, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c men tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, hay \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng sao? B\u1eadc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, trong ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa tr\u00ean b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p sao? V\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng cung k\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p hay sao? Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 A-LA-H\u00c1N V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 CH\u1ebeT B\u1ea4T \u00d0\u1eaeC K\u1ef2 T\u1eec (Natthi Arahato Ak\u0101lamacc\u016btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 (n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00e1i) ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas, do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u00e0i kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (\u0111o\u1ea1n 5). H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(2) B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y gi\u1ebft b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00fac c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng hay khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft? N\u1ebfu gi\u1ebft l\u00fac c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng (v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed) th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ebft khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u0169 kh\u00ed, hay l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(4) Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(5) R. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c… Ch\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y s\u1ebd cho qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c trong \u0111\u1eddi sau.” (1) Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ea4T C\u1ea2 \u00d0\u1ec0U DO NGHI\u1ec6P (Sabbamidamkammatotikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a R\u0101jagirikas v\u00e0 Siddhatthikas, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (ph.4) H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(1) Th. – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 do c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p? v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: “t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 qua?” Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p) sanh l\u00ean t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t sanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u00e1t sanh ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u0103ng? th\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng cho qu\u1ea3: Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e0? th\u1ebf th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p….<\/p>\n

(3) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, n\u00f3i l\u00e1o, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi phi th\u1eddi, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi hung d\u1eef, kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c, c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1ef1t, \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda trong l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c hay t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh… T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n: b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng sinh ra qu\u1ea3 hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(4) R. S.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n; do nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00fang sanh tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i kh\u00eda c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y in tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng… l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi” (2) Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 KH\u1ed4 \u00d0\u1ebe V\u00c0 L\u1ee4C NH\u1eacP (Indriyabbhakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf (Dukkha) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo hai ngh\u0129a: b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng; theo ngh\u0129a sau, kh\u1ed5 bao h\u00e0m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n) \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu duy\u00ean, b\u1ecb h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, tan r\u00e3, thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi phi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hay sao? n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, ph\u00e1p g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng… Tuy ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c “T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu duy\u00ean… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “\u00d0\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5”? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc (b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc) th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5?”<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i phi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay sao?<\/p>\n

(4) H.: – Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o gi\u1eef ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th. – Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

H.: – H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi Tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh, l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa d\u00f9 cho b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 KH\u1ed4 \u00d0\u1ebe V\u00c0 TH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O (Thapetv\u0101riyamaggantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tr\u1eeb ra th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins, v\u00ec Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0: “Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n

(1) Th. – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i g\u1ecdi T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf sao? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 \u0111\u1ebf? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf: Kh\u1ed5 – T\u1eadp – Di\u1ec7t – \u00d0\u1ea1o?<\/p>\n

(2) Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

H.: – Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Th. – Nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

H.: – V\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n

Th. – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 sao?<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, trong khi \u0111\u00f3t\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…)<\/p>\n

(3) H.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu “\u00d0\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5” th\u00ec t\u00f4i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u0102NG B\u1ea2O V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 TH\u1ecc D\u1ee4NG PH\u01af\u1edaC B\u00c1U (Navattabbam Sangho dukkhinampatigganh\u0101t\u012bti kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas, tin r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, do \u0111\u00f3 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1eafp tay, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 4 \u0111\u00f4i, 8 ch\u00fang sao?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay sao?<\/p>\n

(4) Sau h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o, b\u1eadc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ss\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u1edbn”…? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

(5) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn (c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u0103ng). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00e2u nh\u1eadn…?<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u0102NG B\u1ea2O V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd TRONG S\u1ea0CH (Na Vattadham Sangho dukkhinam Visodhetitikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u00d0\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean (XVII 6 (1,2).<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00fang d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch?<\/p>\n

(4) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea1o, Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh?<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u0102NG B\u1ea2O V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 \u00d0\u1ed8 TH\u1ef0C (Navattabhamsangho bhunajatitikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u0103ng b\u1ea3o c\u00f2n “th\u00edch th\u00fa”, “\u0103n u\u1ed1ng”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng c\u1ea3 hai: th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1t v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3 hai; c\u01a1m n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi s\u1eefa hay n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

(2) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa \u0103n h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi v\u00e0 phi th\u1eddi.(3)<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 8 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 u\u1ed1ng: “N\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i, tr\u00e1i tr\u00e2m, tr\u00e1i h\u1ed9t, chu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9t, tr\u00e1i nh\u00e3n, tr\u00e1i th\u1ecb, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7 sen v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thanh tr\u00e0” (4) Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(4) M: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea1o hay Qu\u1ea3, c\u0169ng \u0103n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay sao?<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u0102NG B\u1ea2O V\u00c0 QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0 B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd (Navattabhamsanghassadinnammahapphalantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas.<\/p>\n

(1 – 2) Th: – L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean (XVII 6, 12).<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, trong s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 lai v\u1eady”? (5)<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00d0\u1ee9c \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc 4 \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 4 Qu\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u to l\u1edbn, v\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7. Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb l\u1edbn, l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn… Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn m\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i an vui…”? (6) Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

10. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT V\u00c0 QU\u1ea2 (C\u1ee6A S\u1ef0) B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd (Navattabbambuddhassadinnammahapphalantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulysakas, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn cho Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, b\u1eadc Ch\u00ed Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ch\u00ed t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ai so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u00ec k\u1ecbp, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i: Th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u l\u1edbn?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh Tu\u1ec7…?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 lai, Nh\u01b0 lai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng”. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn, Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

11. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 B\u1ed0 TH\u00cd TRONG S\u1ea0CH (c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) (Dakkhin\u0101visuddhikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1ng cung k\u00ednh, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 4 \u0111\u00f4i 8 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng hay sao?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, A-la-h\u00e1n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u to l\u1edbn? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra?<\/p>\n

(4) U.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u1ea1ch hay sao? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho m\u00f4t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gieo nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “N\u00e0y Ananda, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n?<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho, kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 2 ph\u00eda.” (7)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “S\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn”.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) A. v292<\/p>\n

(2) Sn. c\u00e2u 654<\/p>\n

(3) Vin I 38.<\/p>\n

(4) Vin. 132.<\/p>\n

(5) M. iii 253.<\/p>\n

(6) Vim\u0101na Vatthu, 34, 25, 27<\/p>\n

(7) D. iii 231; M. iii 256; A. ii 80.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XVIII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 (\u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT) V\u00c0 TH\u1ebe GI\u1edaI NH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I (Manussaloka kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas, do s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “… Sanh ra trong th\u1ebf gian, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi th\u1ebf gian”. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u00e2u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf c\u00f5i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh, x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1ng sanh \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn Lumb\u012bn\u012b, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1? Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n \u1edf Benares? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u1edf b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p Ch\u0101p\u0101la? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u1edf Kusin\u0101ra?<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, thu\u1edf n\u1ecd Nh\u01b0 lai ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i c\u00e2y Sala… M\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd Nh\u01b0 lai ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7…”.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(4) V.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n: “Sanh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i”? (1)<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “\u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i”.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 (\u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT) V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 THUY\u1ebeT PH\u00c1P (Dhammadesan\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “\u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Vetulyakas, cho r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u0100nanda \u1edf th\u1ebf gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n, trong khi \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u00d0\u00e2u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.- V\u1eady ai \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n

V.: – Do \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th: – – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. B\u1eadc Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc To\u00e0n tri, b\u1eadc To\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn, b\u1eadc To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc ch\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn tri, \u00d0i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng phu, Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u00fac v.v…<\/p>\n

(2) Th: – T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa: Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n

V.: – \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c \u0100nanda.<\/p>\n

Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c \u0100nanda c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Ng\u00e0i Sariputta, Nh\u01b0 lai thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 lai thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea3 hai: T\u1ed5ng thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t thuy\u1ebft. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang…”? (2)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1edb\u012b Tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 lai thuy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…”? (3). Do v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 (\u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT) V\u00c0 T\u00c2M \u00d0\u1ea0I BI (Karunakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m bi.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu t\u00e2m bi?<\/p>\n

(3) Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, gi\u00fap \u00edch cho \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(5) U.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m (R\u0101ga) ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi (Karun\u0101)?<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 (\u00d0\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT) V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 B\u00c0I TI\u1ebeT (Gandhaj\u0101tikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f9i v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101pathakas. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u00f9i th\u01a1m. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0103n c\u01a1m, n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

(2) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m, thoa, c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh trong h\u1ed9p, trong t\u00fai, trong chai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y b\u00e1n n\u01a1i ch\u1ee3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, \u0111\u1ec3 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O DUY NH\u1ea4T (Ekamaggakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, Nh\u1ea5t lai, B\u1ea5t lai, A-la-h\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea3i qua c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 sanh kh\u1edfi?<\/p>\n

A. U.: – A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i 3 th\u1eb1ng Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a 10 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y hay sao? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng 3 Th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u?<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u00e2n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00f4 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00d0\u1ea1o Nh\u1ea5t lai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn s\u00e2n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o A-la-h\u00e1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn? Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn cho Ng\u00e0i l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: “Qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00e2n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00f4”.<\/p>\n

(4) A.U: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, b\u1eadc Nh\u1ea5t lai, b\u1eadc B\u1ea5t lai, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

(5) Th: – N\u1ebfu \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 4 Qu\u1ea3 chi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 4 qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 4 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y…<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 CHUY\u1ec2N B\u1eacC TRONG THI\u1ec0N (Jh\u0101nasankantikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c (ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mahimsasakas v\u00e0 Andhakas cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tam thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb…<\/p>\n

(2) Ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m… c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi,… l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u cho nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n sao: Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n sanh kh\u1edfi sau ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, s\u1ef1 mong m\u1ecfi… Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

(3) (L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n). Trong s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 (2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tam thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(5) (L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trong Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n). Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong tam thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tam thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(6) (L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 (2) v\u00e0 (4) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tam thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n

(7) (L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tam thi\u1ec1n). Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, tam thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 tr\u00fa x\u00e3, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tam thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(8) M.A: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00e0o \u1edf trong ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ly d\u1ee5c, ly c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p… ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n… T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n”? (4)<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung gian.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u1ec0N – S\u1ef0 GI\u00c1N \u00d0O\u1ea0N C\u1ee6A THI\u1ec0N (Jh\u0101nantarika kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas v\u00e0 Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng trong n\u0103m b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u00d0\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n (H\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9) v\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n (V\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9).<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa x\u00fac, Th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0….<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tam thi\u1ec1n, hay gi\u1eefa tam thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(4) M\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

(5) Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu gi\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m 2 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai (\u00d0\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9) hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai (\u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9)<\/p>\n

(6) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai \u00d0\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu gi\u00e1n, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu gi\u00e1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9?<\/p>\n

(7) Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m, thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu gi\u00e1n gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng trong khi \u00d0\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n sanh l\u00ean sao? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng do ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(8) S. M.: – N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu gi\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(9)Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi 3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m v\u00f4 t\u1ee9? (5) N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u00d0\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u1ea7m h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu gi\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 THI\u1ec0N V\u00c0 C\u1ea2NH THINH (Sam\u0101panno Saddam Sun\u0101t\u012btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh thinh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas. V\u00ec \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thinh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec thinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, n\u00ean b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n, ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7, n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n? \u00d0i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc… Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh kh\u1edfi khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

(2) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh thinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nghe ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1eadc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng, th\u00ec \u1edf \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 hai ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c song song c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(3) P. – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “Thinh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n”. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng<\/p>\n

Th: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng kim ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt: “Trong s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 thinh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i”. Xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 ch\u0103ng? “L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tam thi\u1ec1n. H\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, tu\u1edfng l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9…” Tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ec1n khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thinh v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n?<\/p>\n

9. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NH\u00c3N V\u1eacT V\u00c0 C\u1ea2NH S\u1eaeC (Cakkhun\u0101r\u016bpampassat\u012btikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n “Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft”, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c ra, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u1eafc (th\u1ea7n kinh) \u0111\u00f3… Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i! V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 danh.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m… D\u00f9 cho Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

(3 – 4) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho 4 th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c (nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

(5) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, nghe ti\u1ebfng b\u1eb1ng nh\u0129…” (6) Th\u1ebf l\u00e0, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) M. ii, 326.<\/p>\n

(2) A. i 133<\/p>\n

(3) A. i 276.<\/p>\n

(4) Dl. i 84f.<\/p>\n

(5) S. iv 363. Xem IX 8 &4<\/p>\n

(6) Ds. 597.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XIX (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0O\u1ea0N T\u1eacN PHI\u1ec0N N\u00c3O (Kilesajahanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: B\u1edfi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas cho r\u1eb1ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, b\u00f4i x\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00f4i x\u00f3a. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(2) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb lai, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sanh ra r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng sanh ra n\u1eefa v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 qua kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m sanh ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb lai kh\u00f4ng sanh ra? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu?<\/p>\n

(3) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi si m\u00ea \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c si m\u00ea, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o? Hay l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n h\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

“C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m song song trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? N\u1ebfu \u00e1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1p t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1p \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p trong s\u1ea1ch c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t xa nhau. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean kia, ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n, ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c…” Do v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(4) U: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai”, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay sao? Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 TR\u1ed0NG R\u1ed6NG (Su\u00f1\u00f1at\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: “S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n (Sankh\u0101ra – kkhandha).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: “S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” c\u00f3 2 \u00fd ngh\u0129a: (a) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n (danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc). \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quan ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 “V\u00f4 ng\u00e3” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh. (b) Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean ph\u00e1i Andhakas \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p “v\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng” v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p “Phi n\u1ed9i”(1) c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u00e1p “Tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau “Tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u (V\u00f4 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 Phi n\u1ed9i).<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 “Tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p phi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, phi h\u1eefu vi, phi y t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh, phi ly \u00e1i, phi t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t, phi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i!.<\/p>\n

(4) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n? Hay l\u00e0 “s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m trong h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n? Hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i “S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng” c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

(5) N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

(6) Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 hay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3”? (2)<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c1NH QU\u1ea2 (S\u0101mannaphalakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Thao ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, “qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 sanh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas, l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng “qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o” sanh kh\u1edfi l\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 duy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e2m, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: l\u00e0 B\u00ed m\u1eadt, l\u00e0 s\u1edf y, l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1eed? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai v\u00f4 vi? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y (nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u1ed9t trong hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n… c\u00f3 c\u00e1i cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p “L\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi”. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 vi”?<\/p>\n

(3) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, 4 t\u1ea7ng th\u00e1nh hay 4 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc 4 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n

(4) Th\u1eadt ra Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng 4 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 5 v\u00f4 vi. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh 4 qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, 5 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed…<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 CH\u1ee8NG NG\u1ed8 (Pattikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas, cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi<\/p>\n

(1) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n (1).<\/p>\n

(2 – 4) Th: – L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (qua c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) y ph\u1ee5c, b\u00e1t, t\u1ecda c\u1ee5, thu\u1ed1c men tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi sao? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nan gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3i chung. Th\u1eadt ra, Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng 4 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho 4 thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi hay 4 thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c 4 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 4 qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng 4 \u0111\u1ea1o, 4 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 4 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 9 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(7) P.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o trong 5 u\u1ea9n, thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc hay thu\u1ed9c danh? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u00c2N \u00d0\u1ebe (Tathat\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttarapathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf (hay \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf) trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 v\u00ec Ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi n\u00ean t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y hay “Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf” c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n… B\u1ea5t t\u1eed? Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y (m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong hai). \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i 2 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t t\u1eed? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi… hay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t hay th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nan gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 6 lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(4) U.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n

Th: – V\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

U.: – N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NI\u1ebeT B\u00c0N GI\u1edaI (Kusalakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 hay v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 \u00e1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh trong v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong 3 ph\u1ea7n: thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 sanh ra qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Andhakas kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd… s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd?<\/p>\n

(2) Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(3) A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u1eady ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c0M PHU V\u00c0 \u00d0\u1ecaNH LU\u1eacT C\u1ed0 NHI\u00caN (Accantaniy\u0101makath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, do hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng” n\u00ean c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ho\u00e0i nghi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i!<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ho\u00e0i nghi b\u1eb1ng D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u0103ng? Hay Nh\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u1ea1o? B\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u1ea1o? hay A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o?<\/p>\n

U.: – B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, s\u00e2n si, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y…?<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu trong s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

(4) B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng 4 \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(5 – 6) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

(7) U.: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u0111en v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng” (3)? Do v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(8) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra? Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng”? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi? d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(9) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft: “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed3i l\u00ean, h\u00f4 k\u1ec1m v\u1eefng th\u00e2n, nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn chung quanh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u1ed9i qua s\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecd th\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y v\u00e0 l\u1ed9i v\u00e0o b\u1edd”. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi? v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh”?<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NG\u0168 QUY\u1ec0N (Indriyakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n: T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Hetavadins v\u00e0 Mahims\u0101sakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00edn, c\u1ea7n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

(2) M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng: C\u00f3 t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n… li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 \u00fd v\u00e0 \u00fd quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(4) T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 5 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00edn, v\u00e0 t\u00edn quy\u1ec1n. T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00edn quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf? T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

(6) T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

(7) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y Ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thanh t\u1ecbnh, si\u00eau nh\u00e2n ta th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng \u00edt b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n non. C\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9…” (4) Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn 5 quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Xem VII. 5 & 3<\/p>\n

(2) Xem I. 241, 42<\/p>\n

(3) A. iv. 11.<\/p>\n

(4) Dl. ii 37f.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XX (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u1ed8I L\u1ed6I V\u00d4 \u00dd (Asanciccakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i, d\u00f9 cho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd, c\u0169ng t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttarapathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i v\u00f4 \u00fd s\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n). N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i v\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp… N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i v\u00f4 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00f3i l\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

(3) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00fd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u00fd gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i”? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady th\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(4) U: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(5 – 7) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

(8) Th: – \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng gi\u00e0, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb. Nh\u01b0ng suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i! Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Upali, qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y” (1)? Do v\u1eady, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng theo \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

(9) U: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp” (2)? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 V\u00c0 PH\u00c0M PHU (\u00d1\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Tu\u1ec7 (\u00d1\u0101na) c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i: ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7. Ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f2n th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 hay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. Ph\u00e1i Hetuvadins \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn… kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi h\u1eefu l\u00fd?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi hay thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u1eeb v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng? Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

(3) H.: – n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadt, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3….<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 DI\u00caM V\u01af\u01a0NG (Nirayap\u0101takath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas, cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c? c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 2 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u1edf qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ao ph\u1ee7 th\u1ee7? Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc vua Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c…<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “D\u00f9 cho b\u1eadc ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng, Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00d0a v\u0103n thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c…”? Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

(4) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, b\u1eaft n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 5 c\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang l\u1ea5y c\u1ecdc s\u1eaft nung \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tay, \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0n tay th\u1ee9 2, \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9 2, \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ng\u1ef1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ec7nh chung cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb”? (3)<\/p>\n

(5) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n ph\u00eda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00faa ch\u1eb7t n\u00f3… c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u1ed9t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe, k\u00e9o n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1eddi lui tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf, ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn, ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c… r\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ecb n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i s\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, khi th\u00ec n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean, khi th\u00ec ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y. Khi th\u00ec tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t ngang… r\u1ed3i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c qu\u0103ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c”? (4) Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 B\u00c0NG SANH (Piracch\u0101na kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u00e0ng sanh v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Trong c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u00e0ng sanh nh\u01b0 Er\u0101vana; c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng voi hay ng\u1ef1a, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh t\u00e1i sanh trong c\u00f5i n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1i Andhakas, l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng quan ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean t\u00e1i sanh trong lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh? hay l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e0ng sanh? c\u00e0o c\u00e0o, ch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u, mu\u1ed7i ru\u1ed3i, r\u1eafn, b\u00f2 c\u1ea1p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra…<\/p>\n

(2) A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 voi th\u1ea7n Er\u0101vana \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n chi\u1ebfc xe tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

(3) Th.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef ng\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n voi ch\u0103ng?…<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O (Maggakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 chi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Mahims\u0101sakas, cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 chi. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh “M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh…” kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ba chi Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef. Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec ba chi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 5 chi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 8 chi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ly d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” (5) Do v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 8 chi.<\/p>\n

(3) Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng 3 chi \u0111\u1ea1o: Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 chi \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(4) Trong khi n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c v\u1eeba l\u00e0 chi \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

(5) M.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ea1o”? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 5 chi \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(6) Th: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y Subhada, th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 8 chi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9… sa m\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3… Sa m\u00f4n th\u1ee9 2… Sa m\u00f4n th\u1ee9 3…. Sa m\u00f4n th\u1ee9 4, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n” (6)? Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ea1o c\u00f3 8 chi.<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TU\u1ec6 (\u00d1\u0101nakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 12 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p Pubhaseliyas, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn 12 ph\u1ea7n trong b\u00e0i kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 12 lo\u1ea1i Tu\u1ec7? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb. T\u00f4i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 12 lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1o D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u? 12 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u?… hay 12 Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00d0\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c?…<\/p>\n

(2) P.:- Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

– (i) \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf, n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u01b0 lai nh\u00e3n quan, Tri ki\u1ebfn, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. (ii) Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c; (iii) Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c;<\/p>\n

– (i) \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 T\u1eadp Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf; (ii) T\u1eadp Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (iii) T\u1eadp Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c;<\/p>\n

– (i) \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf; (ii) Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed3 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9; (iii) Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9;<\/p>\n

– (i) \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf; (ii) \u00d0\u1ea1o Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; (iii) \u00d0\u1ea1o Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5 Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n”? (7)<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 12 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Vin. ii 205, 202, 203<\/p>\n

(2) S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn<\/p>\n

(3) M. iii 182; A.i 141<\/p>\n

(4) S\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn<\/p>\n

(5) Dhp. C\u00e2u 273.<\/p>\n

(6) Dl. ii 166<\/p>\n

(7) Vin. i. 96f<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXI (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 GI\u00c1O PH\u00c1P (Sasanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec sau cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam t\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i? T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n? T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac? Ng\u0169 quy\u1ec1n? Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi? Hay nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n? Hay l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eadu, Tri\u1ec1n, ph\u01b0\u1ee3c,… Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh phi l\u1eadu… phi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ea1i bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(2) Hay l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i? Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(3) N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1eady Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e1p g\u00ec trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 lai?<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 \u00d0\u1ecaNH NGHI\u1ec6P (Avirittath\u0101kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p trong tam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Theo Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng danh ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ngay ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.- Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, T\u01b0, T\u1ea7m, T\u00edn, C\u1ea7n, Ni\u1ec7m, \u00d0\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 3 c\u00f5i? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed y ph\u1ee5c, t\u1ecda c\u1ee5, thu\u1ed1c men tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, trong s\u00e1t na \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(3) Ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi hay v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 3 c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TRI\u1ec0N (Sannojanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tri\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Mah\u0101sanghikas c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u00f4 minh tri\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi tri\u1ec1n, cho r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Ho\u00e0i Nghi, Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, \u00c1i, s\u00e2n, si, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. Do v\u1eady quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(2) Hay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u00e1i, s\u00e2n, si, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n… C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc n\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? Do \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tri\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(3) M.: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u1eady, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u1ea6N TH\u00d4NG (Iddbikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y m\u00e3i m\u00e3i xanh, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i tr\u1ed5 hoa, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i cho qu\u1ea3; tr\u0103ng m\u00e3i b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t…?<\/p>\n

(2) Hay l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n “Xin cho x\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1eebng cho di\u1ec7t, xin cho Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng…. \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1eebng cho di\u1ec7t”?<\/p>\n

(3) Hay l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n “Xin cho th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu”<\/p>\n

(4) Hay l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft xin \u0111\u1eebng sanh, \u0111\u1eebng gi\u00e0, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ebft”. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. do v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i?<\/p>\n

(5) A.: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Pilindavaccha \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng “Xin cho ho\u00e0ng cung c\u1ee7a vua B\u00ecnh Sa V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng cung \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng th\u1eadt”?…<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u01af PH\u1eacT (Buddhakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ch\u00fang ta quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o, Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Andhakas, \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – N\u1ebfu quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9? v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng? V\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c? v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n?…<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u1eacT TH\u1eca HI\u1ec6N M\u01af\u1edcI PH\u01af\u01a0NG (Sabbadisa kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 Mah\u0101sanghikas cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00d0\u00f4ng? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. T\u00f4i xin h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i trong h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 chi? Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Gi\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ra sao? T\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, T\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ec7 t\u1eed? T\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ea5y m\u1eb7c y v\u00e0 mang b\u00e1t ra sao? Ng\u00e0i \u1edf l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o, t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o, v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc, Nam, T\u00e2y, h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi? (v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean). Hay l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 \u1edf T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng? \u00d0\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i? D\u1ea1 ma? \u00d0\u00e2u su\u1ea5t? Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i?… c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi th\u00eam Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa…<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P (Dhammakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101pathakas v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean (micchattaniy\u0101) v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean (sammatta niyata).<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 3? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 g\u00ec? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

(2) V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 hay sao? (Ph\u00e1p t\u00e0 cho qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi sau k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh cho qu\u1ea3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp s\u00e1t na, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u1ea3 hai)<\/p>\n

(3) Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 danh? (hay m\u1ed7i danh u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 danh? V\u1eady th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

(4) A.U.: – Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc hay danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc hay danh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o s\u1eafc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh danh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 NGHI\u1ec6P (Kamma kath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Uttar\u0101pathakas v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean (micchata niy\u0101ta) v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean (sammatta niy\u0101ta).<\/p>\n

(1) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean 1 v\u00e0 2.<\/p>\n

(3) Th.: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p – hi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1eadu nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1eadu h\u1eadu nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

(4) A.U.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o trong ba lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec1 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 VI\u00caN M\u00c3N C\u1ee6A \u00d0\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG PH\u1ea0M H\u1ea0NH (Paranibbanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tri\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(L\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 XXI. 3)<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c2M THI\u1ec6N (Kusalacittakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00fa h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh, c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn trong c\u00f5i ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean hay nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n khi vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a hay r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00edch tr\u1eef hay th\u00e2u th\u1eadp. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 T\u00c2M B\u1ea4T \u00d0\u1ed8NG H\u00c0NH (Anenjakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.- Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh sao? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra?<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n khi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

(3) D\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n khi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1eabn cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m v\u00f4 k\u00fd qu\u1ea3?<\/p>\n

(4) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u01b0?<\/p>\n

4. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 CH\u1ee8NG NG\u1ed8 T\u1ee8 \u00d0\u1ebe (Phanunablusamayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Ch\u00fang sanh trong b\u00e0o thai v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas, cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sanh ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf trong b\u00e0o thai<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh trong b\u00e0o thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u00fac… c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 thinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd?<\/p>\n

(3) V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7, d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf?<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 S\u1ef0 CH\u1ee8NG NG\u1ed8 (Tissopikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n trong b\u00e0o thai.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 T\u1ee9 \u00d0\u1ebf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chi\u00eam bao.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 A-la-h\u00e1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chi\u00eam bao.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: V\u00ec c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n c\u1ee7a con trai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 Suppayasa khi v\u1eeba l\u00ean b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean (XXII. 4)<\/p>\n

6. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 PH\u00c1P V\u00d4 K\u00dd (Abyakatakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m chi\u00eam bao \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.- C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chi\u00eam bao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp…? Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n

(2) U: – N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m chi\u00eam bao l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd)?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

7. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 C\u1ed0 H\u01af\u1edeNG DUY\u00caN (Asevanapaccayakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edfng duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.- Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, s\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i b\u00e0ng sanh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 (sabbalahuse), c\u1ee7a s\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ng\u1eafn”.<\/p>\n

(2) L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n… ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n… ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u00f3i l\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n… ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3i l\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb vu c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 Kheo. N\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n,… ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ec1t s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00f3i \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n… ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3i \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 \u00fd. N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n…. Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u men, r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n… ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7. Qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u men r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n”? (1)<\/p>\n

8. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u1edcI GIAN S\u00c1T NA (Khanikakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Pubbaseliyas v\u00e0 Aparaseliyas, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(1) Th: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng: N\u00fai, bi\u1ec3n, n\u00fai Tudi, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m? Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc…<\/p>\n

(2) Hay l\u00e0, C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u00ec t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc cho Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “N\u00e0y hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u00ean trong ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u00ean trong ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t… Nh\u0129 x\u1ee9, T\u1ef7 x\u1ee9, Thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9, Th\u00e2n x\u1ee9.” (2) V\u1eady c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/p>\n

(3) B\u00e0i kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 4 th\u1ee9c: Nh\u0129, T\u1ef7, Thi\u1ec7t, Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(4) P. A.: – Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n… kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i?<\/p>\n

Th: – kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) A. iv 247.<\/p>\n

(2) M. 190<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng XXIII (Abhidhammatthasangaha)<\/h3>\n

1. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 L\u1edcI NGUY\u1ec6N K\u1ebeT GIAO (Ek\u0101dhippayokath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft giao (Ek\u0101dhippayo).<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Ph\u00e1i Andhakas v\u00e0 Vetulyakas cho r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c) h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00e1o kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft giao su\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi sau. Th\u1ef1c ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u1eeb phi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft giao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, hay l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft giao s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5?<\/p>\n

Hay l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft giao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i: v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m…?<\/p>\n

(Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb “b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft giao”)<\/p>\n

2. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 H\u00c0NH D\u00c2M V\u1edaI B\u1eacC A-LA-H\u00c1N GI\u1ea2 HI\u1ec6U (Arahanl\u0101vannakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: H\u00e0ng phi nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m v\u1edbi b\u1eadc “A-la-h\u00e1n”.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas – S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00ec danh hi\u1ec7u A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng, t\u00e2m c\u00f2n \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n hay \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn A-la-h\u00e1n (A-la-h\u00e1n h\u01b0\u1edbng).<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean (XXIII 1)? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i duy nh\u1ea5t (t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c)?<\/p>\n

3. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TH\u1eca HI\u1ec6N C\u1ee6A B\u1ed2 T\u00c1T (Issariyakamakarkath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111i v\u00e0o (a) \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, (b) thai sanh, (c) quy y, (d) l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c theo s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng: B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2m th\u1ecd l\u00e2m… \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(2) Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o thai m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t ch\u1ecdn t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c hay b\u00e0ng sanh? V\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ch\u0103ng? Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac: D\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m, th\u1ea9m? Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

(3) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: “Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n…”. “Linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00e1c nhau”. “Nh\u01b0 lai hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu sau khi ch\u1ebft “, “Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu…”? Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

(4) H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 quy y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb B\u1ed1 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec3u n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

4. NH\u1eeeNG V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 TR\u1ea0NG TH\u00c1I GI\u1ea2 HI\u1ec6N C\u1ee6A T\u00c2M (Ragapatirupakadikath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si, v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 g\u1ec9a hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Andhakas.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p phi x\u00fac, phi th\u1ecd, phi ni\u1ec7m, phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, phi h\u00e0nh, phi th\u1ee9c, phi t\u00edn, phi c\u1ea7n, phi ni\u1ec7m, phi \u0111\u1ecbnh, phi tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

(2) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u00e2n, si v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ea4N \u00d0\u1ec0 B\u1ea4T \u00d0\u1ecaNH PH\u00c1P (Apurinipphanakath\u0101)<\/h4>\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn: U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Quy\u1ec1n tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. (Aparinipphana)<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i: Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Uttar\u0101pathakas v\u00e0 Hetuvadins.<\/p>\n

(1) Th.: – C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p y t\u01b0\u01a1ng snh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i hay sao?<\/p>\n

(2) C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u01b0? Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u00d0\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

(3) L\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho T\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n, 12 x\u1ee9, 22 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p - B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3: T\u00e2m An - Minh Tu\u1ec7 *** L\u1eddi Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u (Abhidhammatthasangaha) C\u00f4 T\u00e2m An c\u00f3 cho t\u00f4i xem t\u1eadp \"Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t\" d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh \"Points of Controversy\" - d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n P\u0101li \"Kath\u0101vatthu\". Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 7 t\u1eadp [...]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":172122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[95,96],"yoast_head":"\nVi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p - B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong-171412.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong-171412.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p - B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng - Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong-171412.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kinh Lu\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-08-01T04:26:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-04T14:49:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/phap-bao-9.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1066\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"837 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong-171412.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/phatphapungdung.com\/phap-bao\/vi-dieu-phap-bo-ngu-tong-171412.html\",\"name\":\"Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p - 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