QUY\u1ec2N 1<\/strong><\/p>\nKinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Long B\u1ea3o Th\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u01b0ng Th\u1ebf Th\u1ea7n B\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt danh ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Thai l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh; c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kinh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00e2m t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf ra hai m\u00f4n: 1) b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 2) ho\u1eb7c theo nguy\u00ean v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u00fd kinh h\u1eb3n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec1 kinh qua 5 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, d\u1ee5ng, t\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1o, t\u01b0\u1edbng. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ean, t\u00ean h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 hay \u1ea5n t\u1ee9c in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o, d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00ean tin nh\u1eadn; c\u00f2n ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng. R\u00f5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y d\u1ee5ng. Ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o th\u00ec Ti\u1ec3u-\u0110\u1ea1i, b\u00e1n-m\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ed1n-ti\u1ec7m, quy\u1ec1n-th\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa Huy\u1ec1n Ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 hai nh\u01a1n – ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 5 ngh\u0129a. L\u1ea5y nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m t\u00ean, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c chung. Sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c kinh ho\u1eb7c n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba: nh\u01a1n, ph\u00e1p, d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb t\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3. Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5n l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, l\u1ea5y ba \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng. Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: 1) th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. Th\u1ec3 h\u1eb3n quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 D\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ly-hi\u1ec7p v.v… T\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng; \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3; c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4ng. Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Hai tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng, song d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 2) V\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5ng soi s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a, hai tr\u00ed t\u1ea5n-th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng; \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y th\u1ee5c t\u00f4 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p dung th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, b\u1ecf th\u1ee5c t\u00f4 (v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c) nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00edch d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb. T\u00ean kinh c\u00f3 chung c\u00f3 ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung trong c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ed3m chung 12 ch\u1eef. Ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 ba chung v\u00e0 ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 kinh v\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng hai ti\u1ebfng \u2018Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft\u2019 l\u00e0 chung, c\u00f2n ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft kinh. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 10 hi\u1ec7u hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi 10 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a: t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, gi\u00e1c tha, gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n; d\u00f9 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1m bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i tuy\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng 8 \u00e2m nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft. Lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1ed9t khi Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Sau gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u2018Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p hay ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean 4 ti\u1ebfng Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 t\u00f3m \u00fd ch\u00ednh m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 kinh. Nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0a nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u1edd d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban \u00e2n tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n; cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc an \u1ed5n l\u00e0 vua. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vua. T\u00ecm x\u00e9t r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00eau ra h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: 1) nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean: ph\u00e0m x\u1eed s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. H\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c hay b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hai: vua t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (n\u0103ng h\u1ed9 – s\u1edf h\u1ed9). Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c mang ba \u00fd ngh\u0129a: a) Vua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o vua tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc. b) Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf vua c\u00f9ng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, c) vua l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p do vua ho\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ho\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o” l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Tuy th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ed B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n hai \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a ch\u1eef gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, Nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn m\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c vua tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eebng gi\u1eadn chi ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef trung ti\u1ebft, cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 vua c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n
2) D\u1ef1a theo gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o: t\u1ea1ng-th\u00f4ng-bi\u1ec7t-vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a theo b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1n s\u00e2u gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 quy v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c kinh x\u01b0a nay gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 \u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i \u00fd c\u00f2n chia th\u00e0nh hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i theo v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. 1) T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o: n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 sanh di\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di\u1ec7t \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng. Sanh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3, di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y vi tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u1ef1a theo v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vua c\u00f3 an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi th\u00e1i h\u00f2a. Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba l\u00e0 vua, do theo qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft vua v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra ba th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. 2) Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, so n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng sanh di\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ba c\u00f5i li\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t ngay, do c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu c\u0169ng do nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t th\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi theo v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. 3) Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ba \u0111\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o; s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1ee3n so s\u00e1nh. S\u1eafc tuy nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o th\u00ec d\u1ee9t ngay \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9. Nay d\u00f9ng hai ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1a t\u00e2m n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m dung th\u00f4ng; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p s\u1edf t\u1ea1o KH\u00d4NG, v\u1edbi s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; hai d\u1ef1a theo qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng theo nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng B\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o. Sau gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u00f9y l\u1ef1c t\u00f9y ph\u1ea7n trong th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. N\u00eau 6 ch\u1eef e b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o 10 ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n sau: Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p g\u1ed1c do l\u00fd t\u00e1nh kh\u1edfi n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t. L\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00fd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m, tuy kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t sanh di\u1ec7t v\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean; d\u00f9 sanh di\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0ng theo th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng danh v\u1eabn y nguy\u00ean. V\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a theo ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; che ch\u00e2n l\u1ea5p t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qu\u00ean th\u00ec qu\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u0103n s\u00e1ng sau, ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u0103n sau. M\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i quay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u01b0, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean l\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. D\u1ef1a theo l\u00fd ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o t\u1eeb S\u01a1 tr\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef v\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vua. Sau \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u2018tam t\u00e0ng\u2019, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a theo nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 4 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00ec tam t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 [1]\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng; ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u1ebfu mang danh vua nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 vua. Ba ph\u00e1i d\u00f9ng danh x\u01b0ng ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi hai ba ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i l\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u1edf ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng hai t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau, n\u00ean b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng vua, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vua, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ki\u1ec7t, Tr\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vua. Ba, gi\u1ea3i theo hai t\u1eeb b\u1ed5n-t\u00edch ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. Theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u00edch m\u00f4n. T\u00edch m\u00f4n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a nghe hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n \u01b0? Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00edch ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed5n t\u00edch. Theo \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn: 1) Theo Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o 2) Lu\u1eadn theo ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n; Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00edch, Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o qu\u1ea3 tuy Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecdng h\u00e3y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00edch. Ba ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba tuy c\u00f9ng ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecdng th\u00e0nh ra t\u00edch, t\u00edch l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00ean xoay theo t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a thu\u1ed9c Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i ngh\u0129a b\u1ed5n t\u00edch c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ed5n t\u00edch c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a cao th\u1ea5p lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. B\u1ed1n, gi\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m, ba l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean tuy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecdng qu\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1; ch\u1ec9 vi\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00fd, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: th\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam mang c\u1ee7a b\u00e1u trong m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m. \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 4 \u00fd nh\u01b0: sanh di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 sanh, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. Qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3nh v.v… theo m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ba ph\u00e1i. V\u00ec sanh – di\u1ec7t – s\u1eafc do t\u00e2m s\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n n\u00ean t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eafc c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n theo Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o. Kinh Anh L\u1ea1c n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb (kh\u00f4ng hai) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1n. Do ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 vi\u00ean ch\u00f3ng c\u00f2n s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00fd; do qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00ean th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hai nh\u01b0ng hai; n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1ebft tuy hai nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. Song chi\u1ebfu qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai do nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, th\u1ec3 trung \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n ba ph\u00e1p, ba ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m trong ba ph\u00e1p n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng bu\u00f4ng theo d\u1ecdc; qu\u00e1n ba ph\u00e1p nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ng\u00e3 theo ngang. Ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdc ngang nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft thi\u00ean th\u1ea5y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. Nay ta v\u00ec Th\u00e1nh ch\u00faa d\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; suy c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Vua nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh b\u1ed5n t\u00edch s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ba ph\u00e1i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Sau lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 vua, ph\u1ea7n sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft. Nay gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh d\u00f9ng h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 (vua) an \u1ed5n tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00f3 n\u0103m ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fd s\u00e2u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Nay \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo c\u1ed5 lu\u1eadn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 2 \u00fd: m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed7 hay \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch v\u00ec trang nghi\u00eam s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo n\u00ean t\u00ean bao h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd. Nay l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn hai thuy\u1ebft: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 sau dung h\u1ee3p, th\u00e0nh m\u1ed7i thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tranh bi\u1ec7n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i chung b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: a) theo b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch, vi\u00ean quy\u1ec1n, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a dung h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 hai thuy\u1ebft. Tuy ch\u01b0a h\u00e0m h\u1ebft \u00fd ch\u00ednh. b) T\u00f3m b\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u00e1nh l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn. V\u00ec b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y; gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng tay h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y, v\u00ec l\u1ea5y n\u00ean th\u1ea5y. Ch\u1ec9 do ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 hay kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 suy! Ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u0129 th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 bao h\u00e0m hai ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ly c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00ean Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh Danh d\u00f9ng l\u00eca ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1nh; hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi, n\u00f3i l\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00eau tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc n\u00ean hu\u1ec7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca l\u00e0 l\u00eca kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca h\u1eefu; hi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i trung \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Th\u1eadt hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, trong \u1ea5y th\u1eadt b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? Sau n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh. Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 trong 29 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 5 b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u0111\u1ee7. Nay \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00e0y m\u1edf hi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 k\u1eb9t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 th\u01b0a h\u1ecfi n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. D\u00f9 v\u0103n kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00fang ra l\u00e0 hai b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: Nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng theo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p : C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n v\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n; h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, \u00fd gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ch L\u00e3o t\u1eed l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, do nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eadt ra nh\u00e2n hay b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ra. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i vua c\u00f3 tu h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a xong hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u01b0?<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p : nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. T\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1eef theo l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 n\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u1eef nh\u01a1n \u0111i c\u00f9ng ch\u1eef nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1eef nh\u01a1n theo ch\u1eef nh\u1ecb hai n\u00e9t th\u00e0nh tam t\u00e0i (thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u00e2n). Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1n su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ba l\u00e0 vua t\u1ee9c h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t cao, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m sao?<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi n\u1eefa: ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a d\u00f9ng kinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ra kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: \u0110\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c hay kh\u00f4ng e c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nghe v\u1eady th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kinh c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Ph\u00ed Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, n\u00ean tin l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau \u0111\u00e2y H\u1ea3i Dung d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0i b\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng tai m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y nghe ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nghe m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y h\u00e1 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1ec9 nghe qua ngo\u00e0i tai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m tin. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh kinh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u00f3 ba nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00eau r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 sai. Lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf e c\u00f3 h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 ba cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ea7n. Tr\u1eeb hai b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0i La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t, ngh\u0129a l\u00fd th\u00e2m s\u00e2u m\u00e0 v\u0103n phong l\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Danh t\u1eeb Ba la m\u1eadt d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t). Nh\u1edd c\u00e1i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u00ean m\u00e3n l\u00fd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9, n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u: b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 do l\u00fd d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00ean m\u00e3n hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec l\u00fd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o sao? N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 qua \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y, b\u00ean kia, gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f2n \u1edf b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay \u1edf gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd b\u00ean kia ni\u1ec1m vui m\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u1eady; n\u00ean g\u1ecdi sanh t\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y tuy gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i chung c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. K\u1ebf d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y th\u1eadt c\u00f3 sanh t\u1eed l\u00e0m b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c [2]ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0a qua v\u1eady. Quan ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean n\u00e0y – b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu \u0111em ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd, c\u00f2n theo nh\u01b0 ba ph\u00e1i s\u1ef1 l\u00fd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u01b0ng theo kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 s\u1ef1 – l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t; ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u00ec b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u1edf gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f2n b\u1ecb s\u1eafc, Kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00ean c\u00f2n b\u00ean n\u00e0y trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u00ean kia, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 sang. Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n to\u00e0n d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 l\u00fd; s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o trong l\u00fd tuy hai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hai; l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong s\u1ef1 tuy kh\u00f4ng hai nh\u01b0ng hai. L\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 sanh t\u1eed, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u00f3i c\u00f3 b\u00ean n\u00e0y, b\u00ean kia ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh t\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. L\u1ea5y h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u1eady. Sau l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng – gi\u1ea3 -trung qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc – Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n b\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u00ean kia. Nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. D\u1ef1a ba ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau. Kinh gi\u1ea3i, theo ch\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Tu \u0110a La tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c duy\u00ean th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed7i ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n: gi\u00e1o-h\u1ea1nh-l\u00fd th\u00e0nh 15 \u00fd theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng v.v… Ngo\u00e0i ra, kinh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn ngang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0y thay c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kia n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01a1n kinh d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n kinh l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Lu\u1eadn kinh l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1y. Nh\u1edd l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 ta ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 chung c\u00f3 ri\u00eang. Chung l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u01a1i s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u01a1m th\u01a1m n\u01a1i ba tr\u1ea7n: th\u01a1m l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n, c\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng nhai l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n, c\u01a1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa m\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch v\u1ecb l\u00e0 x\u00fac tr\u1ea7n. Ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p tam mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n, suy r\u1ed9ng ra m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u c\u0103n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i c\u0103n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u1ef1a b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n, t\u00edch m\u00f4n qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m y\u1ebfu ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eef m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00e2m hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o th\u1ec3, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00f2n n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang n\u1eefa ch\u1ee9? Do ta ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u00fd n\u00e0y n\u00ean kh\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u1ea5y thanh, s\u1eafc l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Khi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt. Ba ngh\u0129a h\u1ee3p nhau th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kinh; nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i h\u1eb3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ngang, nay kinh k\u1ebft l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. L\u1ea5y v\u0103n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m kinh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng; l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang. Tuy \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng do \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang l\u00e0 kinh. Sau gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef \u2018t\u1ef1\u2019 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ee9 hai lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai: 1) theo c\u1ed5 v\u0103n d\u00f9ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh 2) c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, tuy \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1eddi, n\u00ean lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4ng lung theo c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, do kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i kinh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea5y n\u0103m ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn, m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba [3]l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00e0y v\u1eeba v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n \u00fd ng\u00e0i La Th\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 kinh. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i quy v\u1ec1 M\u1ed9t, ch\u01b0a nghe m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00edt ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00fang. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: a) d\u1ef1a \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 t\u00f4n ti tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o vua t\u00f4i, cha con n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd n\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, tuy trong 10 c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. Duy c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 c\u1ef1c vi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean kinh gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m th\u1ec3; n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ch\u00ednh n\u00ean mi\u1ec5n b\u00e0n. b) d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng, d\u1ef1a theo th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3; ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 kinh. N\u1ebfu theo c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn x\u01b0a ng\u1ed9 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 x\u00e9t soi. Lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. Th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 qui v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n v.v… c) d\u1ef1a theo kinh gi\u00e1o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u00e0n ri\u00eang, song \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung. D\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang nh\u01b0ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n quy\u1ec1n – thi\u1ec7t – chung – ri\u00eang theo ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 kia. Nh\u01b0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng (chung v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chung). C\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p chung nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Th\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o; b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t thu\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Y c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y theo l\u00fd th\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau: 1) th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng Tam Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt. 2) Trung \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a ch\u1ed7 c\u1ed9ng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng hai tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n th\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a tha nh\u00e2n; b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh hai tr\u00ed \u1ea5y cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a tha nh\u00e2n tuy quy\u1ec1n th\u1eadt song v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n; c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh th\u1eed quy\u1ec1n th\u1eadt gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1-tha kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau gi\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c kinh, nay y c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9, tuy c\u00f3 chung trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tam th\u1eeba Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o chung c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba m\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef Ti\u1ec3u b\u00ed m\u1eadt lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n nhau n\u00ean ba th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng tu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. Cho hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3 hai; l\u1ea5y quy\u1ec1n th\u1eadt th\u00ec hai b\u00ean quy\u1ec1n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 vi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 duy tam th\u1eeba t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c vi\u00ean ngay \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c vi\u00ean \u1ea5y th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c Th\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
3) T\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu, n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. H\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c tu h\u00e0nh bao h\u00e0m nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ee3p hay sao? Trong \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadn theo c\u1ed5, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo v\u0103n ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 sanh l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u Tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 d\u00f9ng Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 d\u1ef1a \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. Cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00f4 sanh n\u00ean bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00eca h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean h\u1eefu v\u00f4; bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 danh, trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng. \u00dd kinh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5: v\u00f4 sanh th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y; tuy bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd v.v… Nay d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e9t xem, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Do v\u1eady hai nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kinh Tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, La Th\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Tuy d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n theo Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eadt tr\u00ed theo Vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n. T\u1ea1m l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea5t th\u1eadt th\u00ec hai tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n – th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu. V\u00ec, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ed v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean nay l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng; \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed \u1eaft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i trung \u0111\u1ea1o; tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111em t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u00e2m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00eca h\u1eefu l\u00eca v\u00f4 li\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p trung \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00eca trong v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1i th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang che m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c hay gi\u1ed1ng nhau?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: D\u00f9ng \u00e1o l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u00e9p l\u01b0\u1edbi; tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u. L\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u00e1o l\u00f4ng c\u1eebu; nh\u1ea5c n\u00e2ng b\u00e2u \u00e1o l\u00ean l\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. D\u00f9ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb t\u00f4ng l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n r\u00f5 t\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f2n d\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 KH\u00d4NG, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u1ea5t. V\u00ec t\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ly h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
4) N\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Th\u1ec3; ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca d\u1ee5ng t\u00f4ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. C\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c qu\u00ed v\u1ed1n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c. \u00dd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 D\u1ee5ng, T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 Th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t D\u1ee5ng. Cho n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp sau m\u01b0\u1ee3n T\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 D\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. X\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 l\u00e0m D\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh; nay n\u00f3i tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea3y n\u1ea1n, lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y n\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau: 1- kh\u00f4ng cho m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y; cho l\u00e0 b\u00e0n c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n hay t\u1ee5c. \u0110o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ecdi chung nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5c; c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 Hai, n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u1eady. Nay l\u1ea5y nh\u1ecb tr\u00ed Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi bao h\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, y b\u00e1o ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y b\u00e1o ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o, c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111em h\u01a1n bao k\u00e9m, \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 d\u1ea5u y b\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c hai ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1edbt qua kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i h\u1ebft, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 hai tr\u00ed l\u00fd h\u1eb3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i quy\u1ec1n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u1ef1 tha. Soi s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c soi s\u00e1ng l\u00fd; soi s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xem c\u0103n c\u01a1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ee3p c\u0103n c\u01a1, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng soi s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng soi s\u00e1ng hai. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m : song, quy\u1ec1n, th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5. Sau \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed t\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1i D\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau. Hai tr\u00ed Bi\u1ec7t, Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m b\u1eafn cung; c\u00f2n hai tr\u00ed Vi\u00ean-Trung ch\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cung nh\u1eafm b\u1eafn. K\u1ebf h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 n\u00eau b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Lu\u1eadn so s\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o tuy nh\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean soi s\u00e1ng l\u00fd ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp; Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o tuy ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a KH\u00d4NG hay VI\u00caN. Cho n\u00ean ho\u1eb7c soi s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean theo Vi\u00ean D\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed v\u1eady. D\u00f9ng nh\u1ecb tr\u00ed so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m cho ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh. Nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c, do v\u00ec h\u00e0nh th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba tuy chung ba th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch quang c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7. V\u0103n lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft. \u0110o\u1ea1n sau tuy c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean sau n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Kim Cang l\u1ef1c s\u0129, h\u1ed9 n\u00f3i theo h\u00f3a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 kinh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
5) Ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00eau l\u00ean chung c\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n trong b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn chung – ri\u00eang. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n, b\u00e1n gi\u00e1o hay m\u00e3n gi\u00e1o. B\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i sau. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3i b\u00e1n, m\u00e3n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba t\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e3n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 trong ba gi\u00e1o Th\u00f4ng – Bi\u1ec7t – Vi\u00ean. Ma ha d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n v.v… di\u1ec5n c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u0103m th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft kinh, kinh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa; Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba dung h\u1ee3p th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m n\u00f3ng t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb; v\u1ecb n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 cho t\u01b0\u1edbng chung. Nay kinh n\u1ea7y b\u00e0n ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p tu h\u1ea1nh th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ma ha di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu?<\/p>\n
– Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ma ha di\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ba t\u00e0ng. Tuy ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ba t\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 trong b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ba t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ch\u00ednh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 8 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh m\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft minh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba d\u00f9ng 8 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, sanh di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m sao; cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u00ec vua Ph\u1ed5 Minh nh\u1edd Ban T\u00fac \u0111em t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vua Ph\u1ed5 Minh y theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1eddi 100 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nghe xong r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t. Ban T\u00fac nghe kinh, trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 v\u00ec vua n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00e0 vua nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, tam mu\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111em ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y khuy\u00ean vua t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ch\u00ednh kinh mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebf d\u1ef1a theo kinh gi\u1ea3i hai ph\u1ea7n: a) tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n chung m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 kim t\u00f9y qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia, cho n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch kinh Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) v\u0103n phong s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, Ng\u00e0i Thi\u00ean Th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ebfn Trung Hoa ng\u00e0i An Th\u1ebf Cao ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0i L\u01b0u C\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n (hai v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh, hai b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c theo s\u1ef1 t\u00edch gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ghi ch\u00fa n\u01a1i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh). B\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i kinh c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng; c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia hay kh\u00f4ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m sao n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd; kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m sao tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t ? C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 lan, c\u00fac; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. b) Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 ba \u00fd: 1) lu\u1eadn b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p t\u00e0 sao? H\u1eb3n n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch, \u1eaft c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m. N\u01a1i l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u1ef1a ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi; ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh, ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd; l\u1eddi v\u0103n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n \u00fd ch\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p c\u0103n c\u01a1 l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o, ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho mai h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng 2) d\u1ef1a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kinh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n hai m\u1ee5c: a) t\u00f9y m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1a. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a theo ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u0103n t\u1eeb. Theo v\u0103n t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n chia t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m sau c\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t Quang… \u0111\u1ecdc kinh v\u0103n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng. b) D\u1ef1a v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ra 3 \u00fd: * ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1a chia th\u00e0nh ba m\u1ee5c: n\u00eau r\u00f5 3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ee9c ba ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng, Bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ed1i, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m t\u1ef1a * gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a: kinh n\u00eau chung b\u1ed1n \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng 6 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kinh. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea7m n\u00ean x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tin, do \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111oan nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i trong n\u0103m th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1a ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng chung ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. * T\u1ef1a chung t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3; t\u1ef1a ri\u00eang l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3. Kinh ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 n\u00eau 6 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1eeb kim kh\u1ea9u n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i, hay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i A Nan x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ef1a A Nan l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1a tr\u01b0\u1edbc kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i; l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i… l\u00e0 6 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1a chung. Khi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a sau kinh l\u00e0 sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i. Nay d\u1ef1a theo ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v.v… 3) Tr\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ra hai m\u1ee5c: d\u1eabn kinh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn. Ph\u00e0m d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m: a) Ng\u00e0i A Nan th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u, Ph\u1eadt theo c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn.<\/p>\n
1. Ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp n\u00eau h\u1ecfi: V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp n\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n, Ng\u00e0i A Nan thay Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v.v… B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: a) theo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i 6 vi\u1ec7c b) theo \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn 1) Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb (nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf) ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nghe; m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (bao h\u00e0m) c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, cho n\u00ean t\u1eeb Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb bao h\u00e0m to\u00e0n kinh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 hai: 1) gi\u1ea3i b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean: d\u00f9ng v\u0103n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n; ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean th\u00ec bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tranh, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n; do v\u1eadt sanh tin, tin l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi – t\u00edn t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n; kinh n\u00e0y chia ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c chung c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1i ho\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu v\u00f4 n\u00ean nay d\u00f9ng Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p t\u00e0 v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a l\u1ea5y t\u00edn thu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u00e3 tin ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 NH\u01af. 2) Y l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y n\u00eau r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn Ch\u00e2n T\u1ee5c th\u00ec m\u1ed9t C\u00f3, m\u1ed9t Kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i A Nan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi d\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hai ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a chung. Lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang sanh t\u1eed c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 – kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed5i thay nhau l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a theo Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o. Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0; nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb theo c\u00e1c kinh Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o. Kinh n\u00e0y lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ba ph\u00e1i, Ng\u00e0i A Nan nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf tin l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n hay t\u00edch m\u00f4n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau h\u1ebft. B\u1ed5n (g\u1ed1c) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n; c\u00f2n qu\u00e1n t\u1ee9c x\u00e9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e3 V\u0103n, ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i A Nan x\u01b0ng (t\u00f4i); v\u0103n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Mu\u1ed1n nghe d\u00f9ng tai v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n; n\u00eau c\u00e1i chung h\u00e0m c\u00e1i ri\u00eang l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf. Do k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o n\u00ean x\u01b0ng ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe. Nh\u00e2n nghe c\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3c n\u1ea9y sanh vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ta nghe. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ba vi\u1ec7c nghi; nghi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin. V\u00ec nghi n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf ni\u1ec7m nghi. Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau. Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf m\u01b0\u1ee3n x\u01b0ng Ta m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o nghe c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ea5y V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng nghe m\u00e0 nghe, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1eef Ng\u00e3; t\u1eeb Ng\u00e3 c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a: ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0i A Nan l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau, song n\u00f3i theo \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i x\u01b0ng T\u00f4i nh\u01b0 \u00fd Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i A Nan v\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc theo h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt Ng\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, m\u1edbi kham n\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5. B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp Tr\u1ee5 T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa n\u00f3i \u2018T\u00f4i; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00f4i ai nghe, l\u00e0 \u00fd theo Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba g\u1ecdi A Nan l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111a v\u0103n nghe nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 Ng\u00e3; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 tuy hai m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb – kh\u00f4ng hai – theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, l\u00e0 \u00fd Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o v\u1eady. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ng\u00e3, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 tuy hai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hai trong ngh\u0129a vi\u00ean dung song chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o. Theo nh\u01b0 kinh Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 A Nan c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a: Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ef7, H\u1ef7 Hi\u1ec1n, Hi\u1ec1n, H\u1ea3i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec ba t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n. Kinh A H\u00e0m c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec3n T\u1ea1ng A Nan, truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ec h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t; tuy v\u1eady v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t Ti\u1ec3u n\u1eb1m trong \u0110\u1ea1i, duy tr\u00ec b\u1ed1n t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u01af\u1edbc gi\u00e1o v\u1eady. Qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb Ng\u00e3, V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n. Di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u1eady. K\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Nghe c\u00f3 hai: a) \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh nghi v\u1ea5n, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i A Nan sanh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3i h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m sau; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nghe ch\u1ee9? b) d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a theo nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n trong ph\u1ea7n sau. Kinh B\u00e1o \u00c2n n\u00f3i, theo \u0111\u00f3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nghe l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i A Nan mu\u1ed1n xin Ph\u1eadt nghe l\u1ea1i, nghe sanh thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n. Kinh Thai T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i, x\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp thai m\u1eb9 \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y nghe h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Thai bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nh\u1eadp thai l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 \u00e1c t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa n\u00f3i, do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd k\u00fd n\u00ean nh\u1edb t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng tam mu\u1ed9i [4]. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng nghe l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a. V\u0103n tuy nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef gi\u1ea3i g\u1ecdn \u00fd ch\u1eb3ng r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0. 2) D\u1ef1a theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef NGHE. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ng\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 T\u00f4i hay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Nay y theo Ng\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghe c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1eady. Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u1eef ni\u1ec7m hoan h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, l\u00e0 nghe ba t\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. \u0110o\u1ea1n sau gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n tam t\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea1ng y c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i duy\u00ean do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn ra s\u1ee3 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0.<\/p>\n
– M\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nghe gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau; g\u1ecdi nghe t\u1ee9c nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, tr\u00ec l\u00e0 hay g\u00ecn gi\u1eef. C\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f9y theo y c\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a do \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m hai: a) gi\u1ea3i theo nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 Tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea1m nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, do ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Cho n\u00ean d\u1ef1a hai ba ch\u1eef ri\u00eang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5. Nh\u00e2n v\u00ec Ca La hi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o y th\u1eddi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng sai m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Minh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Tam ma da hi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m, v\u00ec ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1eddi theo ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u1ea3 hai ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ea3 hay th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m r\u00f5 trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a; cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef Th\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng thay! b) D\u1ef1a theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb M\u1ed9t Th\u1eddi, song l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng-Th\u00f4ng tr\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u00e1i TH\u1ec2 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec7t -Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ee5, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u00f3 h\u1ea1 trung th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 vi di\u1ec7u dung th\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee9t Th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 ba ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7. H\u1ee3p chung \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Bi\u1ec7t-Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 chung l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh; n\u00eau ch\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp quy v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh hay sao?<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt: Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt b\u1eadc thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o tuy chung b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u0103n t\u1eeb. Nay y theo b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung. V\u00ec Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c, b\u1eadc th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a: t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, gi\u00e1c tha l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n: \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c tha; v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft bu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9ng danh Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ec5 ai c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n. Trong ki\u1ebfp ban s\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. Th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn 8 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 tu nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i, tuy ki\u1ebfp s\u01a1 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 100 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ed Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng Nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ao h\u1ed3, hoa c\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea9y n\u1edf; khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00ean mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ecf hoa nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n. Kh\u00e9o \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p bi\u1ebft c\u0103n t\u00e1nh tam th\u1eeba, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt; s\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f5i h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1eedu \u0111\u1ecba v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ra kh\u1ecfi ba c\u00f5i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua d\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ai ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, v\u00ec th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a v\u1eady. Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n[1] B\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3: l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n: a- Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n: nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u hay d\u1ef1 l\u01b0u: m\u1edbi d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh; T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 H\u00e0m: d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee9t Lai: c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sanh t\u1eed n\u1eefa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o; c- A Na H\u00e0m: d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lai hay b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian n\u1eefa; d- A La H\u00e1n, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ra kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
[2] Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c: sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hay ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang; t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c: s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb do b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o g\u1ed1c tham, s\u00e2n, si v\u00e0 m\u1ea1n g\u00e2y n\u00ean. V\u00ec b\u1ed1n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y khi ta sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e2u sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o hay c\u00e2u sanh ho\u1eb7c. C\u00e2u sanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi sanh ra, v\u1eeba l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea9m sinh. Ch\u00fang r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i, sai khi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn l\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, t\u1ee9c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c hay tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 sai khi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n
[3] Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba: m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tu ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1) hoan h\u1ef7, 2) ly c\u1ea5u (l\u00eca h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec5m u\u1ebf), 3) ph\u00e1t quang, 4) di\u1ec7m hu\u1ec7, 5) c\u1ef1c nan th\u1eafng, 6) hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, 7) vi\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh, 8) b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba, 9) thi\u1ec7n hu\u1ec7, 10) ph\u00e1p v\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
[4] Tam mu\u1ed9i: c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam ma \u0111\u1ecba hay tam ma \u0111\u1ec1 (sammadhi), Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 l\u00eca h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, t\u00e0 m\u1ecb. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
QUY\u1ec2N 2<\/strong><\/p>\nPh\u1eadt theo t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 4 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1n m\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o n\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n. Nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 M\u1ed9t. D\u1ef1a theo Tam t\u1ea1ng kinh th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00e2n s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo B\u1ed5n M\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; T\u00edch M\u00f4n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba. \u0110\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e2n hai \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba; c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
Theo th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng, Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 D\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd n\u00e0y cho d\u00f9 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00e1c b\u00e0n v\u1eabn v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. Nay c\u0169ng v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf h\u00e0m trong b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p: kh\u1ed5-t\u1eadp-di\u1ec7t-\u0111\u1ea1o. Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd 80 tu\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, d\u00f9 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 l\u00eca th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n. Do Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 34 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 8 nh\u1eabn, 8 tr\u00ed, 9 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 9 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hai \u0111\u1ee9c: \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e2y \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 c\u00e2y qu\u00ed b\u00e1u. Theo Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00e2n cao s\u00e1u tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng; l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec hai c\u0103n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9n [5] c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. K\u1ef3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u00e0 do th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ta c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf; n\u00f3i chung hay ri\u00eang c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u sai t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 34 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 do t\u1eeb t\u1eeb tu t\u1eadp d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nay d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi KH\u00d4NG, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, li\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch; \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 tr\u1eeb s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp kh\u00ed (th\u00f3i quen) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cao v\u1ecdi th\u00f9 th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng oai nghi\u00eam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd k\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ban ch\u1ee9c cho, nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt giao ph\u00f3 cho. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1m \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cao th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau. \u1ede kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh cao t\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y theo Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. V\u00ec quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd k\u00fd (trao ch\u1ee9c). Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, tuy kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i 3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u01a1 tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 do t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, do m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi che khu\u1ea5t n\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt tr\u00f2n s\u00e1ng. V\u00ec s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 do hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u00e2m \u00fd n\u00e0y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn. Kinh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft nghi d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c nghe ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i sen v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ri\u00eang theo ta, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc cao th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2u? Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i ra ba th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Theo B\u1ed5n m\u00f4n, T\u00edch m\u00f4n; v\u00ec ba th\u00e2n theo T\u00edch m\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed5n m\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y y c\u1ee9 theo ch\u1ed7 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed5n-T\u00edch n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa khai m\u1edf cho th\u1ea5y B\u1ed5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean dung m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n 3 th\u00e2n theo T\u00edch m\u00f4n. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u \u00fd m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. Nay \u0111em lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. D\u1ef1a theo b\u1ed1n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c do n\u01a1i nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m tr\u00f2n s\u00e1ng qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m ta, t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng hai t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n
1) Gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef Tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u00e2n \u1edf t\u00e1m n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t danh ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9, song c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ra h\u1ebft. D\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay, Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u00fd; l\u00fd tr\u1ee5 t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau ra sao? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 do g\u1ed1c tr\u1ee5 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1, qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a nghe; ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. D\u1ef1a theo gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng theo b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 theo Th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u1ecb l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee5, theo \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u00e2n. D\u1ef1a theo l\u00fd tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai, hai ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n trung. N\u00f3i b\u1ed1n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng l\u00eca ch\u1ed7 h\u01a1n n\u00f3i c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u00ed t\u00e0ng. G\u1ecdi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean: b\u00ed t\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng ba \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u01b0ng. Do ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 quy v\u1ec1. D\u1ef1a theo quy\u1ec1n-th\u1eadt m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
2) Gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef Th\u00e0nh, h\u01a1i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i theo chi ti\u1ebft. Th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n sang ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa c\u00f3 d\u1eabn trong kinh B\u1ed5n Duy\u00ean t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean La \u0111\u1eddi vua Chi\u00eau V\u01b0\u01a1ng; n\u00f3i r\u00f5 Ban T\u00fac v\u00ec l\u00fd do b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u2018B\u1ea5t H\u1ea1i\u2019 v\u00ec qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c. Ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Ban T\u00fac b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf, b\u1ecb La S\u00e1t b\u1eaft mang \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Ph\u1ed5 Minh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hai thuy\u1ebft: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tin n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ban T\u00fac, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c khai gi\u00e1o n\u00ean l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed; v\u00ec th\u1ebf nay l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1p h\u1ed9i qui t\u1ee5 c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ec1n \u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1. Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a, c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a theo nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n nh\u01b0: 1) L\u1ef1c Doanh, ti\u1ebfng l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u1ebdo dai; doanh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, sung m\u00e3n, t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. 2) Ma Gi\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 d\u1ecb, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a ch\u01b0a ai d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u00f9y theo ngh\u0129a. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 12 th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec hai th\u00e2n: b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kinh h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n khi n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean do, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Sau gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u2018x\u00e1\u2019 l\u00e0 theo ti\u1ebfng r\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i, v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vua; x\u00e1 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 6 tinh x\u00e1 n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u00e0y. 3) Gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u2018n\u00fai\u2019 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn K\u1ef3 X\u00e0 Qu\u1eadt, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Linh Th\u1ee9u s\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a n\u00ean mang t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 cho bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i hai n\u01a1i. V\u00ec n\u00fai nh\u01b0 b\u1edd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn. Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Linh Th\u1ee9u – m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i danh th\u1eafng – n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng x\u01b0a nay.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft kinh kh\u00f4ng danh th\u1eafng sao? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1eady c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f4i. N\u00eau s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang nghe ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00fang T\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ee7a Tam Th\u1eeba; nghe c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o. D\u00f9 c\u00f9ng nghe ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f3 s\u00e2u, c\u1ea1n ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 c\u0103n c\u01a1 k\u1ebft duy\u00ean v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c kinh n\u00eau s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c Tam Th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3 Kheo, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u01b0?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Trung h\u1eefu lu\u1eadn Tam Th\u1eeba l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb; tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t theo lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n n\u00ean n\u00f3i: m\u1ed9t do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111a ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7; c\u00f2n n\u00f3i lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eb3n lo\u1ea1i bao h\u00e0m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. Tuy c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i chung, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, th\u1eadt, s\u00e2u, c\u1ea1n g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Nay d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang m\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Lu\u1eadn Tam Th\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u00ean bi\u1ebft; lu\u1eadn B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u00e2m h\u01a1n c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u00e9m. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c y ph\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t k\u00e9m Thanh V\u0103n, nay \u0111em so s\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c y ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u00fang Thanh V\u0103n. T\u1eeb \u2018D\u1eef\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng nhau, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo tuy \u0111a s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u1eddi gian, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v.v… b\u1ea3y ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 trong kinh c\u00f3 ghi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec h\u1eadu th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c; song t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a h\u1ea3o c\u00f9ng nhau hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i bao h\u00e0m. Theo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i A La H\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1edbn c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 h\u01a1n, n\u00ean g\u1ed3m ba ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u2018ma ha di\u1ec5n\u2019 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u00e0m \u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang. T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 5 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ba l\u00e0 kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 so nh\u00e2n, \u1ee9ng c\u00fang so qu\u1ea3. L\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; nay th\u00eam hai ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng; chia ra gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng ch\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 hai h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, La H\u00e1n c\u00f3 hai c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5. H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n hai kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef 5 gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecdc h\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi. Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n. Theo nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb A La H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ba ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e1t t\u1eb7c (gi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), \u1ee9ng c\u00fang (th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng), v\u00f4 sanh hay b\u1ea5t sanh (kh\u00f4ng sanh l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian n\u1eefa). \u0110em qu\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; \u0111\u00e2y theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00f4 sanh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t sanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u1ee8ng c\u00fang n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng, l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p theo nhu c\u1ea7u, l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a cung \u1ee9ng. C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i, hai lo\u1ea1i sau n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 m\u1edf k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c kinh t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00eau ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n. Do ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1eb3n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ba \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n. Nay l\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n n\u00ean Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng chung c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft. 2) Gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a ba ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 Bi\u1ec7t-Vi\u00ean. Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi c\u00f3 hai tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c; d\u1ef1a tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu b\u00e0n hai \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn; \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 M\u1ed9t. Nay n\u00eau c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i M\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a th\u1eadp tr\u00ed [6] \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng 9 c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Tu b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebf sau l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed. \u1ede hai c\u00f5i tr\u00ean, h\u1ec7 v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed7i c\u00f5i tu b\u1ed1n qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec so s\u00e1nh b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed. So s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 so ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi tr\u00ed \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn chung m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra t\u00e2m, th\u1ebf tr\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n, r\u1ed3i sau th\u00eam ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 sanh l\u00e0 10 ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00e1m th\u00eam di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 sanh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 10 ph\u00e1p. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa m\u1edf k\u1ebft, c\u00f2n 5 kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 16 m\u00f3n qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh ch\u1eb3ng qua lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n kinh tr\u00ean th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eadp tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t; c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn. C\u00f2n theo th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i th\u00eam nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh 11 tr\u00ed. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi m\u1edf k\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 do n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i. K\u1ebf t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ba c\u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 9 c\u0103n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tin v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 hai. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi c\u0103n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nay bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 l\u1eadu n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp tr\u1ea3i qua hai ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed5i danh tri c\u0103n th\u00e0nh tri k\u1ef7 (bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh). Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 16 t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh theo tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n n\u00eau ra l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa? Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu theo ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00ean y tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Nay n\u00f3i t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i sau qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i g\u00ec. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed5 khuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i h\u1ebft 16 h\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca H\u1eefu; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn ch\u1eef l\u00eca h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec 16 t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1ee3n ba \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n; n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i Th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh (s\u1eafc). V\u00ec danh s\u1eafc n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecd v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd. N\u00f3i chung mang danh th\u1ecd, n\u00f3i ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ecd n\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 (t\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1ee3n). Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 (kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7) m\u00e0 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 th\u1eadt do theo t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. Th\u1eadt-gi\u1ea3 cho l\u00e0 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3, n\u00ean nh\u1eadp chung l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3. Do ti\u1ebfng chung h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 th\u1eadt. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2y nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y do h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3; h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Trong ba gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang. Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt; v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u01b0 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt; ch\u1ed7 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed1c \u1edf n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3; do th\u1ec3 KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. Suy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n. Ch\u1eef Qu\u00e1n \u1edf trong, v\u00ec trong H\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean Th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3; nh\u01b0ng H\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean D\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0o trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Do trung cho\u00e1n m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00ean hai b\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. Do trung \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eadt n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 cho r\u00f5. Hai ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n sau d\u00f9ng theo l\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1i suy \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo ba ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 h\u1eb3n r\u00f5 vi\u00ean qu\u00e1n. Vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang vi\u00ean; ch\u1ec9 y theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp quy v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng-gi\u1ea3-trung qu\u00e1n, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfu soi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1eady. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00eau th\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y: tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a ra 2 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 con ch\u00f3 s\u1eafp r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng d\u1ee5 cho \u00fd h\u1eb3n n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee7a. Hai h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (con ch\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng s\u1ee7a) s\u1ee3 r\u1edbt ng\u00e3, ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng th\u1ebf -gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf – th\u00e0nh 3 ngh\u0129a n\u00ean g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 v.v… Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do danh h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i danh c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh; c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p n\u00ean n\u00f3i ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 danh th\u00f4i. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh danh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Sau t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ba \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tam mu\u1ed9i (thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) do gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ca ng\u1ee3i 3 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng, theo \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng n\u00eau 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 si\u00eau Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn; \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 mong \u0111\u1ea1t l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, lu\u1eadn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 3 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1) \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00f4n, ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p hai ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecb m\u00f4n 2) ngo\u1ea1i m\u00f4n hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 3) n\u1ed9i m\u00f4n l\u00e0 3 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n cao t\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdn an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2m vi\u1ec5n. Sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb Kh\u00f4ng M\u00f4n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec qu\u00e1n m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ta bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t – h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u tan r\u00e3 – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u1edd c\u00e1c duy\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd n\u00ean v\u1ed1n n\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng; do 3 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Kh\u00f4ng M\u00f4n t\u1ee9c c\u1eeda v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eady. Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tuy Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eabn k\u1eb9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng trong t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 tu th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 co du\u1ed7i, c\u00fai ng\u01b0\u1edbc… \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng do \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh gi\u00f3. Gi\u00f3 t\u00f9y th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0? V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng nam, n\u1eef v.v… l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ng\u00e3, t\u00e2m v\u1eabn m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i trong v\u00f4 tr\u00ed. V\u1ecdng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00f3ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean h\u1ec7, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, da che ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quan n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u1ebb con kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c, h\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng; v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng do ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean c\u00f3. N\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng hay v\u00f4 t\u00e1c. Ba ph\u00e1p hay c\u1eeda Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tam mu\u1ed9i (thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho tho\u00e1i t\u00e2m. Ch\u1ec9 3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, tu thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng m\u1ea3nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u1ec9 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tu 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00edch th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda. Nh\u1edd b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 3 c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u1eeda th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi Hai Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ph\u00e2n ra hai m\u1ee5c ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n sau t\u00e1n th\u00e1n Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, song \u0111\u1ebf, duy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 v.v… v\u1eabn \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nhanh, ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa khai-hi\u1ec7p. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i chung h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n tr\u00ed ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t; th\u00ec nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u1ee3i c\u0103n n\u00ean c\u00f3 chung, c\u00f3 ri\u00eang, song t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p chung b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng. V\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng a) \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean; g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. b) Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nghe l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9. Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c sanh ra \u0111\u1eddi tuy kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 sanh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o? Do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n v.v… n\u00ean ph\u00e2n 3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. N\u00f3i chung h\u00e0ng Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c do duy\u00ean sanh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, do duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng [7] n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. c) B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c; gi\u1eefa hai b\u1eadc c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean sanh ra \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt; do c\u0103n t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c n\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n k\u00e9m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc [8] nh\u01b0ng do h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh. B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt c\u0103n t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00eau hai v\u00f2ng: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 sau l\u1ea5y \u00fd. V\u00ec tam th\u1eeba [9] theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p hai b\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u00ean r\u00f5 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 La H\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu cho nh\u1ee9t h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i sao tam th\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 cao th\u1ea5p n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u00ecn chung t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y c\u01a1 [10] hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ba con th\u00fa c\u00f9ng qua s\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac (con t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1edbi sau kh\u00e1c nhau), cho n\u00ean kinh d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean; v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Sau h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i sao nay li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n? V\u00ec kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c n\u00ean n\u00f3i chung Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n bao h\u00e0m trong \u0111\u00f3. Nay n\u00f3i Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c sanh \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 5 nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i, v.v… B\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1eadt tr\u00ed [11], ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed [12] \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i S\u0129 hay Khai S\u0129. V\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0ng long \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p. Theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i tha r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh; thu\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt n\u00ean h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 luy\u1ec7n qua 3 a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ki\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t m\u00ea c\u00f2n thua A La H\u00e1n. Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o tuy kh\u00e1c T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i; l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e0ng th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1nh Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 danh x\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean thay Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh hay ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m v\u00f4 t\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb (kh\u00f4ng hai) ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng hay ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed9i. Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec7 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a chung ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o h\u00e0m M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec3n m\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ba lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ba ph\u00e1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a chung, c\u1ea3 hai thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n qua 3 a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi La H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi x\u01b0ng danh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kinh B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh n\u00f3i c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: 1) D\u1ef1a theo B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1edbi khi \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 x\u01b0ng danh v\u00e0 2) D\u1ef1a theo Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng. V\u1ec1 sau c\u1ea3 hai \u00fd tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e0n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba ph\u00e1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u1ef1a theo qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i. C\u0169ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m kinh, r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ri\u00eang v\u1edbi danh nh\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba [13]. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thanh V\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 La H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch do h\u1ecdc hay v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn, \u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p : Trong l\u1ea5y B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng \u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba. Tr\u00ean d\u1ef1a theo Thanh V\u0103n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc hay v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Bi\u1ec7t-Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o n\u00ean c\u00f2n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ea1t. Theo ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00fang hay g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e2u, c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Theo c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n hay duy\u00ean c\u1edb. V\u00ec th\u1ebf nay n\u00f3i r\u00f5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c y ph\u1ee5c l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u quy\u1ec7n trong nhau \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba-Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng nhau, n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 n\u00f3i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba; do ch\u1ea5p danh t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ec5 ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v\u00ec x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Sau n\u00eau \u00fd th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eadt tr\u00ed g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 11 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t t\u00e1n th\u00e1n tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt tr\u00ed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed. Th\u1eadt tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfu h\u1eefu l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1eadt hu\u1ec7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1edf t\u1ee9 c\u00fa (b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u) c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1eadc h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9c chung ri\u00eang c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nay d\u1ef1a theo Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec7 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eabn n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eadt tr\u00ed; qua kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed; kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a theo m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngh\u0129a qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy! H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 ca ng\u1ee3i ri\u00eang h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean v.v…<\/p>\n
Ca ng\u1ee3i t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eaft ph\u00e1p [14] v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5p cao kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t do nh\u01a1n tu t\u1eadp ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb ch\u01b0a vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ee9 nh\u00e3n; v\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0ng theo ngh\u0129a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn chung B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 t\u00e2m tuy c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u cao h\u01a1n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y lu\u1eadn h\u00e0ng Th\u1eadp T\u00edn l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n. Sau t\u00e1n th\u00e1n Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 5 ph\u00e9p th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tam minh [15] v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 6 ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t ba minh trong ba \u0111\u1eddi, do vi\u1ebft sai m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef n\u00ean l\u1ea7m. V\u1ec1 th\u1eadp l\u1ef1c [16] c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 trong Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng che d\u1ea5u sanh t\u1eed l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 9 l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean d\u00f9 trong sanh t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. H\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi lo s\u1ee3 mong tho\u00e1t ly sanh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m hay b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng [17] qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n nh\u1edd tu ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1n th\u00e1n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 ba \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00eau tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t x\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t thi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v.v… Ngo\u00e0i ra, danh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1edbp lang c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi [18]c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft; t\u1eeb Kim Cang di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed d\u1ee9t m\u00ea; \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, trong khi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng do \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9. L\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 d\u00e2y d\u01b0a m\u00e3i \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u0103ng s\u1edf [19] m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 kinh Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 D\u0169ng Ki\u1ec7n, \u00fd n\u00f3i t\u00e1nh m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1eeb ma ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ecbch. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n \u1ee9c n\u00eau ba th\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea1ng. Ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 4 ch\u00fang: 1) ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 2) ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, 3) tr\u1eddi 4) b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n. Chia h\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m v.v… Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f2ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft g\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u00f3i chung ng\u0103n hai nghi\u1ec7p, l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i h\u1ebft \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi nh\u01a1n th\u1eeba, ch\u01b0a lu\u1eadn Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t hay ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. Do d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng theo v\u0103n Pali, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p (ch\u01b0a v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p). Song nh\u1edd hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf 5 gi\u1edbi n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 5 gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1u gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng bao h\u00e0m s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong 5 gi\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00ec c\u00f3 5 v\u00ec sao tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 8 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n gian m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i r\u00e0nh r\u00f5 ph\u00e2n minh do gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh. L\u1ea5y ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ra 5 h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9c (c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n (nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c-hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh). Nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sanh l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 kinh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5. N\u1ebfu y c\u1ee9 theo Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o hay \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o [20] d\u1ea1y n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u00fd tr\u00ec (gi\u1eef g\u00ecn), ph\u1ea1m h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ee9t th\u1eeba Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong kinh Quang Minh s\u1edb. Song b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Do l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00f4i Tam B\u1ea3o n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadn bao dung cho nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a ch\u01b0a l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i h\u1ebft l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1eddi; m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 trong ngh\u0129a kinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang v.v… G\u1ea7n b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n, hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh. Ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh n\u00ean n\u00f3i g\u1ea7n b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i theo ch\u00e2n b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i vi\u1ec7c Th\u00e1nh c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh n\u00ean t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 danh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi. Do danh x\u01b0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n [21], nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p tu, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft tuy theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m phu. H\u1ecd v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc La H\u00e1n hay B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5p l\u1eefng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n, t\u00edch m\u00f4n [22] \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m \u1ed5n. Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng, kinh lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau, suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea1n s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 ba: 1) h\u00e0ng Tam Th\u1eeba c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb chung nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 2) \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn n\u00eau r\u00f5 C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ecba c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ecba, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chung, c\u1ed9ng tu c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh d\u1eabn. G\u1ecdi Thanh V\u0103n ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh) n\u00ean ph\u00e2n ra chung ri\u00eang. Nh\u01b0 tu qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt tam mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n hay qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh v.v… l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1n. D\u00f9 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u do s\u01a1 t\u00e2m c\u1ea1n m\u1ecfng n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u00f2n c\u1ea1n m\u1ecfng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ecba v.v… n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n sau v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. 3) B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ecba tu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m; nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1eadn nh\u1eabn. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp t\u00edn ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e0m phu. Hai h\u1ea1ng sau ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbng chung ri\u00eang xen nhau xem v\u0103n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean Hoan H\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p V\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, m\u01b0\u1ee3n ri\u00eang g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u1eabn h\u1ea1nh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Do ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn h\u01a1n Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng do c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean th\u00ec r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p tu ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n [23], n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1ee3n ngh\u0129a n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng do nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha, \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed [24] \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u01b0 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t-Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng chung v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba; ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a n\u00ean c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o nh\u1ee9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u00ean m\u00e3n n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u1ea5y Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ef1a theo Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng tr\u1ec7 \u1edf Kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn quy v\u1ec1 Trung, l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eady. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 sau, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5. N\u0103m ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n [25] kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ba th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. Tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00e2n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng trang nghi\u00eam t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u00e2n – m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9. H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: 1) ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hay suy nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3. 2) Qu\u1ea3 h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fd n\u00f3i chung. Ca ng\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn n\u1eef tu nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u-gi\u1eefa-cu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua 30 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. Do v\u1eady m\u1edbi n\u00f3i t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. H\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f5i nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1edf ch\u00e2n c\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc ra sao. N\u00ean nay kh\u00e9o ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp: v\u00e0o-ra c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean-\u0110\u1ed1n l\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia. Sau lu\u1eadn th\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. Song \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n ph\u00e0m phu c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o; \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn n\u00ean Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba danh x\u01b0ng h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ch\u01b0a ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Danh t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 kinh T\u1ecbnh Danh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ph\u00fa h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i t\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t xa d\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m x\u01b0ng ch\u0103ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee9c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang n\u01a1i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o; trong 8 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i, tr\u1eeb b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi v\u00e0 t\u00e1m ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 22 ph\u1ea9m. N\u00f3i Nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft nh\u1eadp v.v… lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: Ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1m m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t; c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u t\u00e1n th\u00e1n?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Th\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean do tu qu\u00e1n tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u00ean \u0111a ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
-\u1ea4y l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a xa l\u00eca l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00eca s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, l\u00eca t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 t\u00e2m; c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m-s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, cho d\u00f9 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf. \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y? C\u1ea3 hai (ng\u01b0\u1eddi-v\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec1u to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y c\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng ba c\u00f5i c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p : V\u00ec th\u1ea5y C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf, b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u01a1n li\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn c\u00f5i m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong su\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ra sao ? C\u00f3 an hay b\u1ea5t an \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01a1n m\u00e0 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi? V\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Tam hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do nghe, suy x\u00e9t v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, ng\u1ecf h\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o. Do tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1t hu\u1ec7 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m do nghe-suy x\u00e9t-tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 nh\u1eadp tam ma \u0111\u1ecba [26] c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady. T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 4 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 16 ph\u00e1p, d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p chung ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang, g\u1ed3m nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf hay xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p: kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 sanh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c d\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn. Ch\u1ec9 lu\u1eadn x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 l\u1ebd th\u1eadt n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu \u0111em ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec \u1edf Nh\u1eabn v\u1ecb c\u00f2n chia th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed qu\u00e1n 16 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n, x\u00e9t ri\u00eang ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n m\u00f4n; c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Qu\u00e1n xu\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n, ba, hai, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng do b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n [27] \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. T\u1eeb No\u00e3n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t [28]ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n ngh\u1ecbch qu\u00e1n thu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau. Qu\u00e1n ngh\u1ecbch l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau qu\u00e1n sau ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc; qu\u00e1n thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1n h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft. Hay d\u1ef1a theo qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb sau t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 90 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo \u00fd kinh ri\u00eang qu\u00e1n 22 ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eeb 22 ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh 81 ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f5i t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n m\u1ed7i c\u00f5i c\u00f3 9 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 90 nh\u1eabn. May thay kinh c\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0 t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam n\u1eefa, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ec3 an t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e2m h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng do nh\u1eabn \u01b0? V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1edbi v\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u1ea1n; \u0111em nh\u00e2n v\u1ea1n v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 \u1ee9c v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ba \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c v\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c nhau, chung ri\u00eang, m\u1edf hi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u1ef1a ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft. C\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 n\u0103m H\u1ef7 L\u1ea1c thi\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: a) N\u0103m ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang tr\u1eddi. b) C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 Na H\u00e0m thi\u00ean v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i H\u1ef7 L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y d\u00f9ng ba qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh theo d\u1ea5u ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed1ng, n\u00fai s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng [29]\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Sau n\u00eau T\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y; n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 v.v… \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f5i thi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp hai b\u00e1o (ph\u01b0\u1edbc-\u0111\u1ee9c). N\u00f3i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch T\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1u qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh, t\u00e1m th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7ng v.v… H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c [30]l\u00e0m m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i. T\u00f9y n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c, b\u1ed1n t\u00edn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 tin Tam B\u1ea3o : Ph\u1eadt-Ph\u00e1p-T\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec1m tin kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn (ni\u1ec1m tin thanh t\u1ecbnh). C\u0169ng y c\u1ee9 ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o (n\u0103m c\u00f5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) n\u00eau v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chung trong 5 c\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau ra c\u00f5i nh\u01a1n, thi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f5i th\u1ecd v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng; ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft th\u00e0nh A Tu La. \u0110\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i qu\u1ec9, s\u00fac sanh h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean n\u00f3i 3 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00fa c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau: tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ba \u00e1c th\u00fa, v\u00e0 sau A Tu La ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u1ed1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sanh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. G\u1ecdi ch\u00fang \u1edf c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p tuy th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c, tuy c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1edbi lui m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00f4ng t\u00edch t\u1edbi lui. Hay th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn an t\u1ecda m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau; t\u1ef1u trung kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c do bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9. Bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 h\u00f3a u\u1ebf th\u00e0nh t\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho 3 c\u00f5i th\u00e0nh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. Theo ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ecbnh, tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f5i y b\u00e1o [31]m\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. V\u00e3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f5i T\u1ecbch Quang ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sanh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n tr\u0103m \u1ee9c t\u00f2a cao nh\u01b0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng cao t\u00f2a. V\u00e0 tr\u00ean hoa t\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u00e1u c\u00f3 tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n \u1ee9c h\u00f3a th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra do c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi hoa t\u1ea1ng [32] b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u0103ng l\u00ean cao, c\u00f3 vui ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 kinh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v.v…<\/p>\n
T\u00e1m b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3o hoa n\u00f3i chung gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7) c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c chung v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng chung (ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3). C\u1ed9ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 chung) nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00e0y; b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng chung nh\u01b0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam. D\u00f9 c\u1ed9ng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng (chung hay kh\u00f4ng chung) c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c (b\u00e1t nh\u00e3). \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt dung th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ec9 th\u1eed m\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00eau l\u00ean t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang m\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng [33] m\u1ed7i vua th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh hai ch\u00fang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 8 b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kinh l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean long l\u00e0 8 ch\u00fang. D\u00f9 n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p (duy tr\u00ec \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p) c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Ng\u1ed3i t\u00f2a ch\u00edn b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ebfp (\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng) t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc hay t\u1eebng b\u1eadc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00e1nh n\u00ean t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eefa, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa ch\u1eef \u2018ki\u1ebfp\u2019 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang qui t\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o t\u00f2a ng\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cao r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 950 d\u1eb7m, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a theo th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u00f4i. V\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e2u d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1nh v\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng Duy Ma C\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c dung ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 32,000 t\u00f2a s\u01b0 t\u1eed (ba v\u1ea1n hai ngh\u00ecn ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i). Ph\u1ecfng theo \u00fd n\u00e0y s\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 dung n\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p, h\u01a1n k\u00e9m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu \u0111em t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e0m phu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea7m l\u1eafm sao! Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi say m\u00ea trong m\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c kinh n\u00eau nghi v\u1ea5n h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o trong ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 do h\u1eefu duy\u00ean hay v\u00f4 duy\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n ch\u1ec9 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u theo thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eed l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nghe ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng nghe ph\u00e1p v.v… \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u trong \u0110\u1ea1i Kinh l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a hu\u1edfn ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0m ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf ch\u1eadm m\u1edbi l\u00e0m ng\u0103n tr\u1edf. D\u1ef1a hai \u00fd sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu duy\u00ean hay v\u00f4 duy\u00ean m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ch\u00e1nh. T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1eeba, gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hu\u1edfn g\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 c\u00fa nh\u01b0 kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n[5] L\u1ee3i c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n: l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nhanh l\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed9n l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee3i c\u0103n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mau l\u1eb9, nhanh ch\u00f3ng, t\u1ed1t; \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00e1nh si \u00e1m, m\u00f9 m\u1edd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
[6] Th\u1eadp tr\u00ed: m\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft theo nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0: 1- Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tr\u00ed: tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 2- Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ed: tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, 3- Lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed: \u1edf hai c\u00f5i: th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tr\u1eddi) 4,5,6,7 Kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ed: tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd chung, ri\u00eang \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. 8- Tha t\u00e2m tr\u00ed: bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c 9- T\u1eadn tr\u00ed: tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn tr\u00ed 10- V\u00f4 sanh tr\u00ed: tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t – Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i (theo C\u00e2u X\u00e1 lu\u1eadn q.26). Th\u1eadp tr\u00ed theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 1-Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp ba \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai 2- Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ed 3- Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i 4- Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi 5- Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 6- Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian 7- Tr\u00ed ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 8- Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh 9- tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p 10- Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. (theo kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam q.16)<\/p>\n
[7] Ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng: (\u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn): cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh sau khi ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3 hai l\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m, tai h\u1ea1i cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
[8] V\u00f4 h\u1ecdc: b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n, ba qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc. Qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 V\u00f4 h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean dung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
[9] Tam th\u1eeba: ba c\u1ed5 xe chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0: Thanh V\u0103n (Tu qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf), Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c (tu qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean) v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ( tu ph\u00e1p L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9)<\/p>\n
[10] T\u00f9y c\u01a1: t\u00f9y tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0111em ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n
[11] Th\u1eadt tr\u00ed: th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, c\u00f2n quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sai bi\u1ec7t. Th\u1ef1c tr\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n Quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed l\u00e0 D\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 do th\u1ef1c tr\u00ed, c\u00f2n di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 do quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed<\/p>\n
[12] Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ed: hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed (xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch 11) th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
[13] Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba: gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 xe ch\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eeba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ Thanh V\u0103n th\u1eeba: nghe thanh gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00e1n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o 2\/ Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba: qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 sinh Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n
[14] Ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n: n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i m\u1eaft ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0: 1) Nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n: m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ph\u00e0m. 2) Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n: m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i s\u1eafc hay m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 3) Hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n: m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng Thanh v\u0103n v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. 4) Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n: m\u1eaft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t; v\u00ec ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean qu\u00e1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. 5) Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n: m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt nh\u00ecn kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 3000 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n
[15] Tam minh: 3 tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n minh hay tr\u00ed nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1) T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh: bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, tha th\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. 2) Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh: bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh t\u1eed \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tha th\u00e2n. 3) L\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh: bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (\u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (l\u1eadu). Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Tam Minh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u00fac M\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng, Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 L\u1eadu T\u1eadn th\u00f4ng trong l\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
[16] Th\u1eadp l\u1ef1c: ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
1- Tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd hay phi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/p>\n
2- bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ba \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n
3- bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ba tam mu\u1ed9i<\/p>\n
4- bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n
5- bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n
6- bi\u1ebft kh\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n
7- bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
8- th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft sanh t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i<\/p>\n
9- bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
10- bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi t\u00e0n d\u01b0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed, \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t h\u1eb3n ch\u1eb3ng sinh (Lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 q.25 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1 q.29)<\/p>\n
[17] B\u1ed1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m: b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao dung l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
1- T\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ban s\u1ef1 an vui \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i<\/p>\n
2- Bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n
3- H\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: l\u00f2ng hoan h\u1ef7 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
4- X\u00e3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: t\u00e2m x\u00e3 r\u1ed9ng dung m\u1ecdi d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh<\/p>\n
[18] Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi: ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u00fd. Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f5i; c\u00f5i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn bao h\u00e0m l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1. Hoa Nghi\u00eam ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd t\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
[19] N\u0103ng – s\u1edf: n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng; s\u1edf l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng; n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e2u n\u0103ng l\u1ec5, s\u1ee1 l\u1ec5: ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ta, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y l\u00e0 s\u1edf (l\u1ec5)<\/p>\n
[20] \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o: gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u01a1 nhanh nh\u1eb9n ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay.<\/p>\n
[21] A La H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a: \u1ee9ng c\u00fang (th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u00e1t t\u1eb7c (di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), v\u00f4 sanh (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd sanh l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa)<\/p>\n
[22] T\u00edch m\u00f4n: ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho t\u1edbi h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p Hoa, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c kinh su\u1ed1t 49 n\u0103m m\u00e0 Tam th\u1eeba ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n; Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. B\u1ed9 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 28 ph\u1ea9m, 14 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n T\u1ef1, Ch\u00ednh, L\u01b0u Th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a T\u00edch M\u00f4n; 14 ph\u1ea9m sau thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed5n M\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
[23] Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n: ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (ch\u1ec9), qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t l\u00e0m d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m trong ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Samatha, Vipassana, \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ebf l\u00fd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
[24] Ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed: t\u1ee9c nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00ed Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i l\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: “nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed” (H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ed)<\/p>\n
[25] Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n: ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 3 th\u00e2n. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y duy ch\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n
[26] Tam ma \u0111\u1ecba: c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam mu\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, theo lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tam tr\u1ecb, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. Tam mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. H\u1eefu l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam tam mu\u1ed9i, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tam gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
[27] B\u1ed1n thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n: theo ba t\u00f4ng: C\u00e2u X\u00e1, Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 gia h\u1ea1nh v\u1ecb: No\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eabn, th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. Theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1: 1\/ no\u00e3n ph\u00e1p: sinh t\u1eeb h\u1eadu ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m: th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp v.v… No\u00e3n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh h\u1ecfa. Th\u00e1nh h\u1ecfa v\u00ed v\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o. Ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn h\u1ecfa s\u1eafp sinh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u01a1i c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u00e1m \u00e1p (No\u00e3n). 2\/ \u0110\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p: thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb h\u1eadu ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m No\u00e3n ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m: h\u1ea1, trung, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, tu 16 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ea3nh v\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. \u0110\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai ng\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i. Ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecda n\u1eefa; ho\u1eb7c tho\u00e1i xu\u1ed1ng \u1edf No\u00e3n v\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. ( \u1ede l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean v\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. \u0110\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi). 3\/ Nh\u1eabn: thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n sinh \u1edf h\u1eadu ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1eabn ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m: H\u1ea1 nh\u1eabn qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf, tu 16 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. \u1ede v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c n\u1eefa. Trung nh\u1eabn do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebf s\u1edf (b\u1ecb) duy\u00ean, di\u1ec7t h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103ng duy\u00ean, t\u1edbi c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec l\u01b0u thu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi: \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m duy\u00ean, gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0nh. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eabn qu\u00e1n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. N\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na. \u0110\u1ebfn v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecda nh\u1eabn ph\u00e1p, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c. 4\/ th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t: l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n sinh \u1edf h\u1eadu ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eabn ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eabn qu\u00e1n h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf. G\u1ecdi th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu th\u1ebf gian. Trong ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. Xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1eaft sinh v\u00f4 l\u1eadu tr\u00ed nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 l\u00eca s\u1ef1 sinh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu.<\/p>\n
[28] Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t: gia h\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i gia h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu l\u1eadu tr\u00ed, l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
[29] \u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng: n\u01a1i trang nghi\u00eam gi\u1ea3ng kinh, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i tu t\u1eadp h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
[30] Ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c: n\u0103m m\u00f3n ham mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111ao l\u1eadn \u0111\u1eadn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0: 1\/ c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i (t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i) 2\/ s\u1eafc 3\/ danh 4\/ \u0103n u\u1ed1ng 5\/ ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9<\/p>\n
[31] Y b\u00e1o: ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb… N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n trang b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
[32] Hoa t\u1ea1ng: l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong b\u00e1o th\u00e2n c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i<\/p>\n
[33] T\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng: l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch. L\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng n\u00fai Tu Di, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u00e0 La Ki\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0 La. N\u00fai n\u00e0y c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c thi\u00ean, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean X\u1ee9. T\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0: 1- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng: Tr\u00ec Qu\u1ed1c Thi\u00ean 2- Nam: T\u0103ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u00ean 3- T\u00e2y: Qu\u1ea3ng M\u1ee5c Thi\u00ean 4- B\u1eafc: \u0110a V\u0103n Thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
QUY\u1ec2N 3<\/strong><\/p>\nPh\u1ea7n 2, t\u1ef1a ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 5 \u00fd: L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd… ph\u1ea7n sau n\u00eau 10 hi\u1ec7u. N\u00f3i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ngay trong l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111ang nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n
M\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 (Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni) \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang \u0111em l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c: 1) Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 10 hi\u1ec7u [34] 2) \u0111\u1ee7 ba m\u00f3n minh 3) tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c 4) \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c [35]. Ph\u00e0m h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng do m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. V\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c; c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, song \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (Trung Hoa) c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 h\u1ecd, Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 N\u0103ng Nh\u00e2n; M\u00e2u Ni l\u00e0 t\u00ean, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u1ecbch M\u1eb7c (N\u0103ng Nh\u00e2n: nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy t\u01b0. Suy r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed (h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1ch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 sao? N\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y Tr\u00fac (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c: a) Th\u00edch Ca b) D\u00f2ng Kim Lu\u00e2n c) S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 d) B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n. B\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c Cam Gi\u00e1 v.v… T\u00f9y m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. Do s\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn, d\u00e2n quy t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1, b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n R\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbch x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm d\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn K\u1ef3 S\u01a1n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i kinh n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i kinh Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i d\u1eabn l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf tam t\u1ea1ng [36]d\u1eabn c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea7n: 1) \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p 45 n\u0103m 2) Ba l\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n [37] tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian 45 n\u0103m 3) V\u00ec hai ph\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec3n-M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 suy lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u00f3i ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ea3i qua 50 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i du h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 12 tu\u1ed5i, 35 tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v.v… l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Hai, do 12 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed1n kinh A H\u00e0m [38] l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. Ba, sau th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 8 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u, l\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. L\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh gia gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat h\u1eb3n r\u00f5 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nay n\u00f3i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng t\u00e1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sau khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, ti\u1ebfp theo n\u00f3i kinh Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng cho bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 8 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 8 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang m\u00e0 kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5. Ph\u1eadt v\u1ed1n an tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ee5 l\u00e2u ng\u1ed3i ngay ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang; nh\u01b0ng g\u1ecdi ng\u1ed3i ngay ng\u1eafn do nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c tu hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh v\u1eady. H\u00e0ng th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ee5 L\u0103ng gi\u00e0 [39]kh\u00f4ng do th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, trong khi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ri\u00eang nh\u1eadp chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i l\u00fd nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn chung n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i Tam Mu\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi tu lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed. Nay Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n do d\u1ef1; v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1n c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1ng, qu\u00e1n c\u01a1 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u00fd:<\/p>\n
1) Qu\u00e1n c\u0103n c\u01a1 cho h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c 2) Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 3) Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e9p 4) L\u1ea5y Th\u00e1nh s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed1n \u00fd \u0111\u00f3; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb b\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n [40]t\u1ee9c do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a : a) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. N\u00ean d\u00f9ng 3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn), t\u1ecbch l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c), di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u00e2u thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa? N\u00ean l\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa n\u00f3i: \u2018t\u1eeb bi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0\u2019 c\u0169ng h\u1eefu l\u00fd l\u1eafm ch\u1ee9! Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfu soi. \u0110\u1ea1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu soi, chi\u1ebfu soi nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. V\u1eeba chi\u1ebfu soi v\u1eeba lu\u00f4n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, tuy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. V\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu soi n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9ng l\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu soi h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i; c\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c dung ch\u1ee9a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu soi v\u1eady. b) K\u1ebf n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean kinh d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u (Kinh Kim Cang) g\u1ecdi c\u0103n nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh, t\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu. V\u1edbi c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n, tuy s\u00e1ng-t\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh lu\u00f4n \u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t. B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ebf n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ed sanh n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 do m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00ean m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m m\u00ea m\u1edd, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i t\u0103m. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ed1i, ch\u1ec9 do m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng. Do m\u00ea che m\u1edd tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra theo l\u00fd t\u00e1nh v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a vi\u00ean t\u1ee9c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y. Lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng tuy kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ngay nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 vi\u00ean c\u1ef1c n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1ed1i s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ebf vi hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i v.v… V\u00f4 minh tuy nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 soi kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u1ea3. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m phai m\u1edd m\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 \u1edf m\u1eb7t v\u0103n th\u1ec3. Sau l\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y may n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m. Th\u1eed suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00f3ng h\u00e0o quang, n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 theo vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 do ta suy ngh\u0129; c\u00f2n ph\u00f3ng quang h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau). Ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129; suy ngh\u0129 n\u01a1i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng [41]; v\u00f4 duy\u00ean [42]m\u00e0 duy\u00ean, duy\u00ean n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh [43]; l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n an l\u1ea1c). Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh; t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 duy\u00ean duy\u00ean v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u1edfi. Lu\u1eadn suy nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m g\u00ec! Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y h\u00e0o quang hi\u1ec7n ra s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang nghi ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n
Vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u. Ngay l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c hay tr\u1ed5i l\u00ean b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eady b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ph\u00e1p t\u00f2a r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: V\u1ec1 c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0: n\u1ebfu che khu\u1ea5t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc l\u1ea5y g\u00ec chi\u1ebfu soi?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p : Trong tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eafc th\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn h\u00e0o quang Ph\u1eadt h\u1eefu v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfu, \u1ea5n h\u00e0o quang xu\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng soi r\u1ecdi c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1eafc t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t. Ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, v\u00ec hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba soi chi\u1ebfu KH\u00d4NG c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y su\u1ed1t, h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kinh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n, Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i theo di\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n; lu\u1eadn c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc r\u00f5 th\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. H\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00f3ng quang tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n hay thi tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. H\u00e0o quang v\u1ed1n do n\u01a1i tr\u00ed, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb tr\u00ed sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. Hoa n\u1edf do c\u00e2y, nh\u1edd c\u00e2y n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m duy\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhau cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea5y hoa, v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a hai \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00ean c\u1ea7n theo v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng: \u00fd c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebf n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u01b0a hoa l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 hoa c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng; bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m hoa, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i hoa. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eddi c\u00f5i s\u1eafc hay c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u00ean m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, x\u00e9t tr\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng; ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m rung rinh, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 c\u1edb, c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c; c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 6 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 8 duy\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u00fd l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng; nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n gia c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u00f3i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n t\u1ecbnh; \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1eaft h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean. Kinh A H\u00e0m n\u00f3i c\u00f3 8 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y d\u1eebng c\u00e1c duy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 quy ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. Song d\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 quy ch\u00e2n h\u1eb3n d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi duy\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c n\u00ean bi\u1ebft. Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ee9t A H\u00e0m n\u00f3i trong 8 duy\u00ean do t\u1ea7ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1 phong lu\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra; ch\u1eb3ng qua t\u1eebng phong lu\u00e2n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00f3, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1eb3n ph\u00e1t ra th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng, ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea5m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft. C\u00e2u d\u1eabn tr\u00ean b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, m\u00e0 kinh A H\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecb, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb ba m\u00f3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: 1) tham 2) si 3) m\u1ea1n, t\u00e1i sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. Ti\u1ebfp theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c: 1) L\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed [44] l\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 \u00fay. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ch\u00fang sanh 2) M\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, song c\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng 3) Nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ed9ng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. 4) C\u00f9ng l\u00fd c\u0169ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng hay nh\u01b0 ph\u00e0m phu n\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u00f3i ba lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m chung \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba song c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kinh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft kinh A H\u00e0m v\u1ec1 sau, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i kinh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 41 n\u0103m, t\u00ednh chung m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau thuy\u1ebft kinh Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt 72 tu\u1ed5i; c\u1ed9ng 8 n\u0103m sau c\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, l\u00e0 50 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p r\u00f2ng r\u00e3. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ed3 nghi hai vi\u1ec7c: 1) S\u1ed1 nghi v\u1ea5n t\u0103ng c\u00f3 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m: a) y theo ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v… b) N\u00eau danh ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9c. Vua Nguy\u1ec7t Quang t\u00ean h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u00ean \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c. Sau khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p danh l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7t Quang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vua Gia T\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u T\u1ed5ng Tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai v.v… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u theo Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e3 n\u00f3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi ba ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u01b0 ? 2) Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi theo trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1, kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. L\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng Tu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9; ch\u1eef Ng\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean s\u1eeda c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfu soi, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u00e1c r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eed n\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf nghi c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1eady. \u1ede c\u00f5i n\u00e0y tr\u1ed7i nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u nghe. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u00f3 duy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e2y kia n\u1eefa. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t trong 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5u nh\u1ea1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, t\u1ee9c ngh\u0129 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 t\u00f9y c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn n\u00ean nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac thuy\u1ebft kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng y ch\u1ea9n b\u1ecbnh cho toa h\u1ee3p ba nghi\u1ec7p, thu\u1eadn ba v\u00f2ng (k\u1ebb cho, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra) h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac. Kinh n\u00f3i t\u00f2a s\u01b0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u00f2a ng\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 vua trong lo\u00e0i th\u00fa d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 oai l\u1ef1c Ph\u1eadt v\u00f4 \u00fay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed trong lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng v\u00ed Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u00fai ch\u00faa Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng Ng\u00e0i oai d\u0169ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 n\u00fai ch\u00faa v\u1eady. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c [45] m\u00e0 8 ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 [46]kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i, v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 n\u00fai Tu Di kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. H\u1ec5 dung nghi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f5i Th\u1eadt b\u00e1o th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ecb n\u00ean d\u00f9ng n\u00fai ch\u00faa th\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o tr\u00f9m l\u00ean t\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau; v\u0103n tuy \u0111\u1ed3ng song \u00fd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i chung. Nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbch quang (v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng soi chi\u1ebfu) v\u1eady, hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 6 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u0103ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m Qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n
Kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft minh ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n sau h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 sau l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung. \u00dd ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u1eeba tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ean ph\u1ea9m danh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m: m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u00e0 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. \u0110i\u1ec3m chung y b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng do D\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 ba ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1ecd th\u1ebf kia v.v… N\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec di\u1ec7u tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu soi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng; trong v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng 6 c\u0103n [47], s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. C\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb duy\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean Qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00ecn \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ph\u00e0m phu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng; ph\u00e0m phu do kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p, nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c ba t\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb. Nh\u01b0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng, n\u0103ng-s\u1edf b\u1ed5 sung ngh\u0129a nhau, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a n\u01a1i tr\u00ed m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1eady. 1) Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e0m phu, ph\u00e0m phu ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3, nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng. Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba thu\u1ed9c hai b\u00ean, ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a theo so s\u00e1nh ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1eef trung \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 hai ch\u1eef qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n, n\u0103ng-s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a [48]Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao g\u1ecdi tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng sau ch\u1ee9ng minh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 6 ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft mong ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u \u00fd, \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec9nh \u00fd nh\u1eafm chung \u0111\u1ebfn 16 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh. Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft \u00fd th\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u00e1p h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hai ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong 2 ph\u1ea9m sau n\u01a1i c\u00e1c trang kinh v.v… Qua kh\u1ecfi th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m \u1ee8ng Sanh gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea9m T\u00e1n Hoa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hai vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ecb d\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. \u00dd n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau, vua mong Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y hai s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ef1a \u00fd chung chung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi th\u00f4 nhuy\u1ec5n, kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i, vua ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft hai. Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Hai b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1ed7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111em th\u1ebf, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t an m\u00e0 sanh ra ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n; kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian th\u00ec ch\u00e2n-t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn theo nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f2i \u00edt ban cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2. Nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa d\u1eabn th\u00ed d\u1ee5 con \u0111\u00f2i ba th\u1ee9 xe m\u00e0 cha ban cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng kho\u00e1i l\u1eafm sao! Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng keo ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb bi; do t\u1eeb bi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt, do \u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, song ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9; tin th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ea5t an \u01b0? Vua nghe gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ba hu\u1ec7 (v\u0103n-t\u01b0-tu) t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9 v\u1eady. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00eau c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 song m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m thuy\u1ebft minh \u1edf ph\u1ea9m T\u00e1n Hoa sau. Ph\u00e0m cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i kinh. N\u1ebfu \u0111i th\u1eb3ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Ngh\u0129a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 l\u00fd song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nhau. Gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 hai vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 chia hai: a) T\u1eeb “l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd…” tr\u1edf l\u00ean l\u1eddi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi g\u1ed3m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3i chung. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh [49], n\u00ean bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 tuy lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. D\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh l\u00eca c\u1ea3 hai (nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3) m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9. N\u00ean d\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eafm th\u1eb3ng s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. V\u00ed th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p l\u00fd n\u00ean t\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf; v\u0103n t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… N\u00ean bi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng [50]\u0111\u1ec1u do huy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 ra. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 9 c\u00f5i; c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; 2) V\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hay gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc Nh\u01b0 v.v… C\u00f3 5 vi\u1ec7c nay t\u00f3m t\u1eaft th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n: ng\u0169 \u1ea5m [51], ng\u00e3, nh\u01a1n, tri ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Nh\u01b0 kinh l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c: Th\u01b0\u1eddng-L\u1ea1c-Ng\u00e3-T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb d\u1ee9t nh\u00e2n-ng\u00e3 v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c. Th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai: nh\u01a1n, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. 3) Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c (th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c…) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5y ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3. 4) Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng hai vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 che l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 sai qu\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 hay qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed, l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc l\u00e0 che H\u1eefu; Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 che Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh [52] kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch… th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u00ean tr\u00ed th\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng qu\u00e1n, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ebfp”. Tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00ean trong, n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu. N\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e1i M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1eady. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i n\u00ean d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 “nh\u00e2n” l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong ph\u1ea9m sau. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f3m k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu Nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c: Th\u01b0\u1eddng-L\u1ea1c-Ng\u00e3-T\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft “h\u00e0nh” v\u0103n ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt ti\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Song v\u00ec kinh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec3u n\u0103m \u1ea5m t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o hay kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t v.v… \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t n\u0103m \u1ea5m c\u00f3 trong 9 c\u00f5i. Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o [53] c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc dung ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt. Tri ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn tr\u00ean; ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01a1n, ng\u00e3 n\u00ean c\u0169ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng minh b\u1ea1ch. B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh danh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh – \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0 – gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt l\u1edd \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd k\u00fd, d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf; nay \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed1i nhau nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n trung \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca nh\u01b0 kinh A H\u00e0m, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 Di\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ed7 l\u00eca, tuy g\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00eca m\u00e0 v\u1eabn th\u00e0nh xa. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng t\u1ecbnh danh H\u1eefu cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p ch\u01b0a r\u1eddi, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ch\u01b0a qu\u00ean, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng, l\u00fd t\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb: “B\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng:…” tr\u1edf \u0111i: n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ba ngh\u0129a b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 : 1) d\u1ef1a v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi: n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i th\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u00f3a ra r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u1ed1i t\u00e0 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Th\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, c\u00f3 hai \u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
a) Ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a b) T\u1ee5c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, v\u00ec ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh trong ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng-L\u1ea1c-Ng\u00e3-T\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 trong ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n. Kinh c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ba c\u00e2u ch\u00ednh, kinh t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e2y th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u. B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5, v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0, t\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 minh, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i; gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1ea3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0. Sau n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf d\u00f9ng ba ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eadt. V\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1eadt th\u1ea5y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0. N\u00f3i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang; t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y sai. Nay d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 danh l\u00e0m danh cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf tuy kh\u00e1c do gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3, ng\u0103n d\u1ee9t nh\u00e2n, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Trong ba ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o v\u1eady. Song ho\u1eb7c d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 sau l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o v.v… 2) d\u1ef1a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu soi b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i phi ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi… 3) Nay n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p soi s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3nh, n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng phi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, phi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng phi ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3, phi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng phi ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a trung \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng. D\u1ef1a theo v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec ph\u00e0m phu ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t, n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0m sao chi\u1ebfu soi. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u00fd m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. Ma ha di\u1ec5n Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 soi s\u00e1ng ch\u1eb3ng phi ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u00ean b\u1ea3o Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i phi ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng soi chi\u1ebfu m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng. Ngay nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 t\u00e1nh l\u00eca v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh n\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1ed1n Kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00ed m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u y theo l\u00fd b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Sau n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn theo \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 6 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng minh. V\u00ec qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng, so kh\u00f4ng tuy m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m \u1ea5m v\u1ed1n xoay quanh (qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o) kh\u00f4ng; Do v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p theo qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u1eadp [54] th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng Kh\u00f4ng. Do v\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i b\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean 18 gi\u1edbi [55]mang t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh minh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n gi\u00e1c tri (th\u1ea5y-nghe-nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c-bi\u1ebft) ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u00e2m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u1ea5m (5 \u1ea5m), nh\u1eadp (12 nh\u1eadp), gi\u1edbi (18 gi\u1edbi) m\u1edf hi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, l\u00e0 do b\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n nghi v\u1ea5n do m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, b\u1edfi m\u00ea n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. S\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i [56]\u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u00f4ng. S\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u1edbng di\u1ec7t; ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng kinh A H\u00e0m v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u \u00f4ng vua tranh lu\u1eadn (l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c), v\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u00e3n, nh\u1ec9, t\u1ec9, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n) m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n. Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng, do ba \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sanh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng so ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 chung ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m v.v…<\/p>\n
Sau ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ba ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef duy\u00ean sanh: v\u00ec sanh di\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng. Nay l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m nhanh g\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng v.v… N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n minh. Song t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda lan nhanh kh\u00ed th\u1ebf d\u1eef d\u1ed9i; \u0111\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u1eeda qu\u00e1 nhanh lan tr\u00e0n ch\u00e1y trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t; nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. B\u00ean tr\u00ean d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p li\u1ec1n sanh li\u1ec1n di\u1ec7t. K\u1ebf d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9ng minh g\u1ecdi s\u00e1t na hay t\u00edch t\u1eafc; nh\u01b0ng \u00fd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 90 s\u00e1t na. Lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua 900 l\u1ea7n sanh di\u1ec7t; gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o – \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1n kh\u1eafp v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp [57]th\u00ec 900 l\u1ea7n sanh di\u1ec7t th\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng l\u00fd hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 90 s\u00e1t na nh\u00ecn chung theo hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m bao h\u00e0m 90 s\u00e1t na, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na c\u00f3 900 l\u1ea7n sanh di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1t na ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n sanh di\u1ec7t. Mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n Kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi \u00edt sanh di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u00e1t na; s\u00e1t na kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m. Trong ni\u1ec7m mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m-ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m Kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e2m-ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai. V\u00e0 \u0111em t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u0103n. \u0110em chia ch\u1ebb t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf ph\u00e2n ph\u00e2n c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e2n h\u01b0 (vi tr\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed) l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. S\u1eafc di\u1ec7t t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng do d\u1eebng \u1edf sanh di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tam t\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng mong \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 sanh, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 t\u00e1c l\u00e0 xa v\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u1edb sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay mu\u1ed1n \u0111em c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n ch\u1ed7 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p? Ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc – kh\u00f4ng; suy b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tuy l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u00fd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0 Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ec3 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ri\u00eang gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 t\u00e2m-s\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, do t\u00e2m hay t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c; ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t. Ngo\u00e0i ra do quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t, th\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1eafc-t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n tr\u00f2n s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea3n lai (b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt) lu\u00f4n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Kh\u00e9o b\u00e0n \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00ean trong. V\u00ec duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u; mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7), b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 s\u00e1ng soi, mu\u1ed1n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec. T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf? V\u00ec theo l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn hu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u00e0m sao gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i v\u00f4 \u00fay? Kinh c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m n\u00eau s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng, cho n\u00ean bi\u1ebft s\u1eafc c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Sau d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 soi s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 trung \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean chi\u1ebfu soi; ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu soi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ba nh\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u1ec7ch \u0111i. Song b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c duy\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u00ec c\u00e2u thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o – Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 cho ch\u00ed c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i g\u1ecdn g\u1ed3m 12 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c 18 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v.v… Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 H\u1eefu, H\u1eefu th\u00e0nh Kh\u00f4ng; H\u1eefu t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. V\u00ec ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7p n\u00ean c\u00f3; v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p tan. Tan l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n; hi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00f3, l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c. T\u1eadp (ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2n-t\u1ee5c lu\u1eadn m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 hai b\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trung \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 vi\u00ean (tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y). Tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00e0 trung (\u1edf gi\u1eefa) l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u. M\u01b0\u1ee3n ba ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. K\u1ebf n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t. Kinh Kim Cang B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng: ng\u00e3, nh\u01a1n, ch\u00fang sanh, th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ea5y. Th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1eaft; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y h\u1eefu vi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf gian n\u00ean ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 ph\u00e0m nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n. C\u00f9ng ph\u00e0m phu m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ebf gian hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng tan \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p; c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tu ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n sau lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00eau t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng; l\u00fd c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn n\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng hai kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sanh n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t; v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 84,000 s\u00e1t na trong m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1ea7y n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 tr\u00ed. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u00e1 t\u1ee5c ngo\u00e0i kinh trong nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5. Do ngh\u0129a chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i, di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh Kim Cang song t\u00f9y theo ngh\u0129a g\u1ecdi t\u00ean; t\u00ean tuy kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng. D\u1ef1a theo danh t\u1ef1, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. Kinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, sau n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kinh v\u0103n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n ra n\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n: danh t\u1ef1, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh th\u00e2n, c\u00fa th\u00e2n, v\u0103n th\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ba \u0111o\u1ea1n, bao h\u00e0m thanh l\u1eabn s\u1eafc chung l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v.v… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a v\u0103n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. V\u0103n t\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 hai ph\u1ea7n: t\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00ed; d\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o [58] b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00e0i th\u00ed; khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 (59) l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m tin l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. L\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u m\u1edbi tin m\u00e0 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Sau lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u v\u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tin hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u0103n d\u1eabn tr\u00ean. Tuy ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u n\u1eb1m trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, song h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ba c\u00e2u c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u; m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba c\u00e2u hay c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ba, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 vi di\u1ec7u s\u00e2u xa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 v\u0103n; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u v\u0103n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a, do l\u00eca t\u00e1nh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00eca t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u0103n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n; v\u0103n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n, \u00fd n\u00e0y \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p nhau v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u m\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u hay Kh\u00f4ng C\u00e2u l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo t\u00e1nh l\u00eca th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 tha l\u00eca h\u1ebft m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc; ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u1edf ngay b\u00ean trong. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u, c\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00eca t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nh\u01a1n-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng; y c\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd ch\u00e2n n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ed3 nghi c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt. Lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng, v\u0103n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt v\u1eady. Song c\u00e1i KH\u00d4NG t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u1eefu, n\u00ean r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf? Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean \u1edf Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 13 l\u1ea7n sanh \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u01b0? Ai n\u00f3i tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3 [59]c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. C\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y nh\u01a1n n\u00eau ph\u00e1p cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec t\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, ma ha di\u1ec5n (\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba) l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 xe, th\u1eeba (c\u1ed5 xe) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng; h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00fang l\u1ea5y nh\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u01b0?<\/p>\n
“N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh…” d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch y l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tu ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00f3 t\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh v.v…Tuy ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5y H\u1eefu ba c\u00f5i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v.v. \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ba lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. V\u00ec n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh-tr\u00ed n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, tuy Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i r\u00f5. Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c. Do v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 trong ba c\u00f5i. Trong kinh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 3 ch\u1eef: ba c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng, trong c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 minh t\u1eadp kh\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u1eeba s\u00f3t c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ba c\u00f5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1eadp, l\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u01a1i ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eafc v\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ba \u0111\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3; do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh Danh n\u00f3i: tr\u1eeb b\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb ph\u00e1p, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 suy nghi\u1ec7m. Ba c\u00f5i 9 lo\u00e0i sanh di\u1ec7t trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 hai l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m-th\u00e1nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Kim Cang t\u1ea1ng d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam ph\u1ea7n sau n\u00eau t\u00e2m kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng l\u00fd vi t\u1ebf, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u1eeda huy\u1ec1n m\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef t\u00e0ng (ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m, t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef) nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u1edbp lang \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi kinh. Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t ba ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi [60]ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c cao \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng. Ba ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi, tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi, phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi. Nay d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc m\u00e0 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i s\u1eafc h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng; kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 nghe thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nghe \u0111\u1ec3 quy v\u1ec1 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0. Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tu t\u1eadp gi\u1eef g\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec t\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3; h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1c v.v… l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Gi\u00e1o H\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i tha l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt l\u1ea5y g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a? \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u00ean tu l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a? Cho n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng, nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i tha cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. Ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n N\u1ed9i h\u1ed9 h\u1ecfi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111em m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i tha, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea9m danh c\u00f3 3 m\u1ee5c :<\/p>\n
a) N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a; gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sanh xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c; h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n c\u0103n c\u01a1 tu theo thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n-t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ph\u00e0m n\u00eau r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn r\u00f5 v.v… song ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh tuy n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 N\u1ed9i h\u1ed9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9. Tuy d\u1ef1a t\u1ee5c-\u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m cho ta hi\u1ec3u tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n-\u0111\u1ebf \u1edf trong. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
b) Thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i: “B\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng…” l\u1ea1i chia hai \u00fd : tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau h\u1ecfi, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i bao tr\u00f9m hai l\u1edbp n\u0103ng s\u1edf; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t, l\u1ea5y b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u0103ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hai l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1edf h\u1ed9. Sau l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m s\u1edf h\u1ed9, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0m n\u0103ng h\u1ed9. \u1ee6ng h\u1ed9 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i v\u1eady. T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh 3 nghi v\u1ea5n: cho r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u1eadt th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t. Trong ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh; v\u00e0 trong ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tha, l\u00e0 hai vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh? Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 l\u00eca, nay l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh kham ch\u1ecbu gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a? C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1p sau v\u1ec1 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn [61]B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb tu t\u1eadp. T\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tha (m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng huy\u1ec5n m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng kinh c\u0169ng lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tha \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh l\u1ee3i tha.<\/p>\n
c) C\u00e2u: Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y… ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y n\u0103m ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn v.v… l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, d\u1ef1a ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n ba ph\u1ea9m; m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng, d\u1ef1a theo l\u00fd ch\u00e2n, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u00f9ng n\u0103m nh\u1eabn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh [62] \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t m\u00ea l\u1ea7m; v\u0103n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p chung l\u1ea1i. S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c v\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt \u1edf h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kinh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u1eabn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ba, sau m\u1ed9t; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai nh\u1eabn: t\u00edn, thu\u1eadn; sau ba nh\u1eabn m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Vi\u00ean-Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn t\u00edn-thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1eafc t\u00e2m th\u00f4, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u00e0y \u1edf ba c\u00f5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a theo vi\u1ec7c tu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o v\u1eady. Nay theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a theo ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba n\u00ean ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp; v\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eabn ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 3 ph\u1ea9m: th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-trung-h\u1ea1, nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. V\u00ec c\u0103n t\u00e1nh ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lanh l\u1ee3i \u1edf ba ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh, r\u1ed3i ba ph\u1ea9m sau m\u1edbi tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft ch\u00fang d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng theo nh\u01b0 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t v\u00f4 minh \u1edf t\u00edn – thu\u1eadn nh\u1eabn n\u00ean c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ba nh\u1eabn sau d\u1ee9t v\u00f4 minh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, do c\u0103n t\u00e1nh th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (m\u00ea l\u1ea7m) tuy ph\u00e2n s\u1eafc-t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ed7 th\u00f4 t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb l\u1ee3i c\u0103n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn-t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c (m\u00ea l\u1ea7m), ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n chi ph\u1ed1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00eau c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng danh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb sai l\u1ea7m. B\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd \u1edf ch\u1ed7 Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kinh n\u00f3i ph\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1edbng tin hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi tin th\u1ecd, t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t t\u00edn t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t. Kinh c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. D\u1ef1a l\u00fd kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, do v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Vi\u00ean-Bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a theo ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb so s\u00e1nh; n\u00f3i theo nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba nh\u01b0ng cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u00f4 minh. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a t\u00edn Vi\u00ean-gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 tr\u1eeb b\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u0103n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ee9c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Th\u00e1nh. Dung h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh thai h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3 nghi ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp xu\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh thai. Kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00fd s\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng g\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 V\u0103n Hu\u1ec7 n\u00ean n\u00f3i C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7. Nay d\u00f9ng tu hu\u1ec7 s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, n\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb C\u00e0n Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u1edf Ph\u1ee5c Nh\u1eabn. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00fang n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nghi v\u1ea5n ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang kinh v\u1eabn ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y 10 t\u00e2m n\u00f3i chung \u00fd v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n \u00fd d\u1ee9t b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, n\u01a1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. D\u1ee9t ba nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t ra thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n l\u00e0m cho ba \u0111\u1ed9c (tham-s\u00e2n-si) l\u1eafng y\u00ean. D\u1eebng ba nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t ba nh\u1eabn l\u00e0m d\u1ee9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1ea1i n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng [63]l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng do tu ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4ng sau c\u00f2n c\u00f3 10 nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 tu qu\u00e1n nh\u1eabn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc \u1ea5m do gi\u1edbi nh\u1eabn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng, g\u1ed1c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc \u1ea5m v\u1eabn bao h\u00e0m chung. Qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc \u1ea5m ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1edbi nh\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i s\u1eafc bao h\u00e0m nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang. Qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 do t\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u0129 trong \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t hu\u1ec7 t\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i ba ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Qu\u00e1n chung nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf (ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf-t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf) hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng do v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh, tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 sanh v\u1eabn nh\u1eadp n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t sanh; song ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn v\u1eabn theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5 \u1edf v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 sanh tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i v\u00f4 sanh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t do 10 t\u00e2m ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 [64] m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 10 nh\u1eabn th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00edn nh\u1eabn m\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn, l\u1ea5y ba t\u00edn ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb \u1edf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 sau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5. N\u00f3i trong ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eabn trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ba c\u00f5i, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tam hi\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00f4; kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu theo ch\u1ed7 tu ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng d\u1ee9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh ngo\u1ea1i (ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i t\u00e2m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi s\u1eafc v.v… n\u00ean d\u1ef1a s\u1eafc-t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Nay n\u00f3i s\u1eafc-t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 t\u00e2m n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn chung v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m, n\u00f3i t\u1eadp l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 minh sai s\u1eed, cho ch\u00ed sau khi v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m. N\u00f3i m\u1ed7i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau th\u00f3i quen c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu th\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang. Trong vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n; nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu; nh\u01b0ng theo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n do nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n; m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, song ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea1n s\u00e2u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Suy g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e2n; suy ng\u1ecdn t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u0169ng do l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng; ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng 15 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t do b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a[65]. M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i kh\u1edfi sanh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed (h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m). N\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t t\u00e2m ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t: s\u1eafc t\u00e2m n\u00ean ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn. S\u1eafc-t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a nh\u00f3m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m th\u00f4 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1ea7y do ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb cao m\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi li vi t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n s\u1eafc t\u00e2m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec5m, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu sau t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu ti\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c [66] c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00fd lu\u1eadn suy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea7n 5 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn, ph\u1ea3i xem b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng hay v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea7n 4 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba tuy d\u1ee9t nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a s\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n th\u00f3i nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch; s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y, d\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m t\u00e2m; s\u1eafc, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1eeb, l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng (t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng) – s\u1edf (b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i nhau n\u00ean v\u1edbi danh t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 sanh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng). Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eabn nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh Kim Cang d\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u00e2m h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng. D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng theo l\u1edbp lang nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u00e2n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c. Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eabn, do d\u1ef1a theo nh\u1eabn ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3; c\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf (v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 do v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i Kim Cang l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. T\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 cao t\u1ed9t l\u00e0 T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean c\u1ea3 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 T\u00e1t V\u00e2n Nh\u00e3, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1eefu ch\u1eb3ng v\u00f4, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c-T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3. Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ecbch nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1edf quy\u1ec3n trung. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hai ch\u1eef “Nh\u00e3” n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo \u0111\u00f3 suy th\u00ec T\u00e1t V\u00e2n Nh\u00e3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00edch n\u00ean d\u1ef1a theo th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i; c\u00f2n T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao d\u1ef1a theo d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3i T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 xe chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ba c\u00f5i v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u00e0 theo nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u dung h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kim Cang th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eabn theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 b\u00e1c; song n\u00f3i hai lo\u1ea1i Kim Cang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i kinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed kinh Kim Cang n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, hay ph\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i: \u0111em l\u00f4ng r\u00f9a s\u1eebng th\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n v\u1ee5n so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00ed kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i kinh s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 di\u1ec7t \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng, v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hai ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. X\u01b0a nay ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau ra cho r\u00f5. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac tu h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: a) th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean b) tu\u00e2n theo nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c) nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau.<\/p>\n
T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed; hai c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau. Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4, nay B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 chung n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o. D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng hai c\u00e2u ch\u1ee9ng minh song ch\u1eb3ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c. T\u00e2m t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m v\u00f4 minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i gia t\u00e2m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3u, song tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng do tr\u00ed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. Tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu soi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3. N\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi T\u00e1t V\u00e2n Nh\u00e3 do tr\u00ed ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 cao t\u1ed9t; \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Gi\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n h\u1eefu v\u00f4 m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t n\u01a1i tr\u00ed. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh; h\u1eb3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1edfi sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4; kh\u00f4ng kia \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u0103ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t, mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 minh c\u00f2n sao? \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, khi d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch v\u00f4 minh m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 minh ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1ea1m hay \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hay \u1edf hai, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng hay th\u00ec c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00fd hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f3 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t T\u00e1t V\u00e2n Nh\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c; l\u00fd n\u00f3i H\u1eefu ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i H\u1eefu nh\u1eb1m \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi tr\u00ean, n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3. Hai \u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i ch\u1eef “Nh\u00e3” – T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 cao t\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t T\u00e1t V\u00e2n Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i quy v\u1ec1 nh\u1ee9t nh\u01b0. L\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 xe \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ba c\u00f5i; nh\u01b0 xe vua c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ed7 xe chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf. Tin nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e2u xa kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba…<\/p>\n
Sau lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i bi [67], n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf do tr\u00ed l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 duy\u00ean l\u00e0m duy\u00ean, do c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang sanh trong ba c\u00f5i m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh bi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a; n\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh tr\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ba m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 bi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n :”N\u00e0y Thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, l\u1ea1i n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: “V\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a do c\u01a1 duy\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a nhau. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t g\u1ea7n, nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00f5i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 ba c\u00f5i duy t\u00e2m n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tuy n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i tha. Cho d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m trong an l\u1ea1c n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. N\u00ean n\u00f3i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng trong ba c\u00f5i. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a b\u00ed t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ba c\u00f5i, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9n Kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai c\u0103n n\u00f3i chung th\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ba c\u00f5i, nh\u01b0 nghi v\u1ea5n KH\u00d4NG, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ba c\u00f5i. N\u01a1i s\u00e1u c\u0103n th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1m g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n th\u1ee9c \u1ea5m, h\u01a1i th\u1edf, th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng chung ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i hai c\u0103n. L\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u0103n n\u00e0y sinh Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ba c\u00f5i. Nh\u01b0ng do Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 di\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n ma [68] n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong ba c\u00f5i. Nay do ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n an nhi\u00ean t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i; \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y. \u1ee8ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ba c\u00f5i; ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong ba c\u00f5i. Kinh gi\u1ea3i chung hai \u00fd n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ai n\u00ean n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf… ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1ea5y nghe, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n; nghe ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m suy x\u00e9t. C\u00e1c kinh ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nghe t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u1eadt, song ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a (r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n) n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt [69]n\u00f3i. C\u00f3 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i kinh, d\u1eabn c\u00e1c kinh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u1edf kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5. K\u1ebf h\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u1eefu v\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ngo\u00e0i 300 do tu\u1ea7n [70] bi\u1ebfn l\u1eadp h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ri\u00eang. D\u1ef1a theo gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i-ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1eefu-v\u00f4, t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh Danh n\u00f3i: 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eefu v\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn sao? \u0110\u00e1p: Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng \u00fd nhau nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: 1) gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh th\u1eadt c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 sanh t\u1eed 2) gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n (sanh t\u1eed); c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i c\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch. Th\u00e0nh ra h\u1eefu v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. Nay n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u1eb1m \u00fd ri\u00eang. Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau cho bi\u1ebft. Gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i n\u00f3i c\u00f3 t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n, n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00f9y theo ngh\u0129a. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ea5y Thanh V\u0103n sanh \u1edf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i n\u00eau l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho r\u00f5. Ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f5i B\u1ea1ch Ng\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean v\u00f4 sanh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sanh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Thanh V\u0103n v\u00f4 minh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 sanh \u01b0? C\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y V\u1ec7 Th\u1ebf S\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1eefu cho r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i ba c\u00f5i c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kinh ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i V\u1ec7 Th\u1ebf S\u01b0 nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n x\u00e1c minh nh\u01b0 lai t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 v\u00f4 chung n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu y c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u00e0n \u00fd ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu v\u00f4. N\u00f3i h\u1eefu v\u00f4 theo ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n c\u0169ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p. N\u00ean n\u00f3i h\u1eefu gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e0m phu ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o; n\u00f3i v\u00f4 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c, trung th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ba c\u00f5i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa m\u1edbi l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
\u2018Th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i …\u2019 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng minh vi\u1ec7c nay, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m trong ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c; kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n dung ch\u00fang sanh tham \u0111\u1eafm trong \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0? Trong \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nghi t\u1eeb “gi\u00e1c” cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai m\u00e0 trong n\u0103m nh\u1eabn \u1eaft h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i \u01b0? Nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 t\u1edbi nay v\u1ed1n theo nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, \u0111em so v\u1edbi n\u0103m nh\u1eabn b\u1eadc ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c (Ph\u1eadt) n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. Kinh T\u1ecbnh Danh g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca si \u00e1i l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu n\u00eau ra. N\u00ean n\u00f3i trong n\u0103m nh\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 14 nh\u1eabn ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, cho n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1eady. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu h\u00e0nh, do tu h\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c; \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, suy t\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00fd n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. C\u00e2u: B\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng… Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u1ed7 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tu t\u1eadp thanh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tri ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi vi di\u1ec7u. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Kinh l\u1ea5y hai b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh Danh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a th\u00eam, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng g\u1ed1c nghi\u1ec7p. Kinh gi\u1ea3i g\u1ed1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 5: qua tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n \u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m ba: tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tuy th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7, an tr\u00fa; c\u00f5i th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh quang minh kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao? Xem c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi T\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng tu t\u1eadp h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n v.v…Tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n trong v\u00f2ng nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f5i m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chung. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng t\u00f9y ph\u1ea7n t\u00f9y l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c kinh: \u0110\u1ecba Kinh, kinh Anh L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. T\u01b0\u1edbng ba c\u00f5i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean kh\u00f3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft. Sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Phi\u00eau T\u00e1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u V\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 quen g\u1ecdi Phi\u00eau T\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ec7n, b\u1edfi ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc tr\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng e c\u00e2u v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Kinh Anh L\u1ea1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 vua Thi\u1ebft Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp T\u00edn; \u0110\u1ecba Kinh d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ecba. D\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t – Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Trong Th\u1eadp Thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n 10 l\u00e0 100 ph\u00e1p, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 10 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh. \u0110em 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 100 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m hai vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m xem, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 10 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 10 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n v\u1eady. Kinh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c m\u00ea l\u1ea7m; g\u1ed1c m\u00ea l\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng m\u00ea g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7 L\u01b0 g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m trong 32 ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u 3,5,7 ho\u1eb7c 9 ch\u1eef c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd, do ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n \u00fd v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, do v\u1eady n\u00ean n\u00f3i Th\u1ee7 L\u01b0 nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7. Ph\u00e0m Tam B\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n hai ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng Tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3 Tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1eb7t l\u00fd t\u00e1nh. Do hai ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean Tam b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0 do n\u01a1i quy y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ee5 Tr\u00ec Tam b\u1ea3o. D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n hai lo\u1ea1i Tam B\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. L\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh; Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u chung. Th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i. Ph\u1eadt tu ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m h\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1m \u00e2m thanh thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c qu\u1ea7n sanh; tuy Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau. Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec ch\u00fang thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n \u1ee9c ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u0103ng b\u1ea3o. S\u00e1u tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m 6 ch\u00fang nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean. Tr\u1eddi tuy kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tam Th\u1eeba v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Sau t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ng\u0169 nh\u1eabn ri\u00eang h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1edbi 14 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129 [71] v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Do v\u1eady Tam hi\u1ec1n, th\u1eadp th\u00e1nh [72] kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi ng\u0169 nh\u1eabn m\u00e0 14 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0129 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. Quy v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tam b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef “t\u1ea1ng”. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean bi\u1ebft Tam b\u1ea3o tuy ri\u00eang m\u00e0 h\u00e0m v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong; c\u0169ng v\u1eady Tam B\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 ba. Kinh Th\u1eadp Thi\u1ec7n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khuy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i bi t\u00e2m ca ng\u1ee3i ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb, b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ed5, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng theo nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean theo Bi\u1ec7t, Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o Th\u1eadp T\u00edn g\u00f2 b\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p; nay ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y Th\u1eadp T\u00edn Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau tr\u1eeb b\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7; n\u1ebfu tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh th\u00ec nh\u1ecb t\u1ea1ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. Ngo\u00e0i ra d\u1eabn kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 c\u00f5i h\u1eefu d\u01b0 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf n\u01a1i Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u1edf Th\u1eadp T\u00edn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3n so s\u00e1nh ba ph\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ec7n b\u1eadc trung, h\u1ea1 Phi\u00eau T\u00e1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Th\u1eadp Thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Thi\u1ebft Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c lu\u00e2n v\u1ecb, T\u1eadp Ch\u1ee7ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh; hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1eb3ng Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng – vua cai tr\u1ecb hai c\u00f5i thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. C\u00e2u v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i Th\u1ea5t B\u1ea3o – b\u1ea3y m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u – ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 n\u01a1i Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o. Trong s\u1ed1 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a ra, ch\u1eef T\u00edn gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef Tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean d\u1ec5 l\u1ea7m. Ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn; ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c, l\u1ea5y nh\u1eabn h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m m\u1edbi sanh ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, suy ch\u1ed7 g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m n\u00ean n\u00f3i kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng lui s\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 sanh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chung \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh v\u1eady. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u T\u00edn l\u00e0 Tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 xem x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc kinh suy ra t\u00edn t\u00e2m, song c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1eadp t\u00edn cho n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai. V\u00f4 minh b\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c n\u00ean l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c kh\u00f3 d\u1ee9t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5c l\u00ean n\u1ed5i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin h\u00e0m hai \u00fd: kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y Th\u1eadp T\u00edn th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba; n\u1ebfu th\u1eadp t\u00edn Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 tr\u1ee5. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i n\u00f3i v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t ba v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u1edf th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 s\u00e1u t\u00e2m tho\u00e1i lui c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng kinh, v\u00e0 sau theo l\u1ed1i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p c\u1ee7a kinh n\u1ea7y: Trong c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n n\u00eau r\u00f5: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00eau th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecfi; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00f3 suy x\u00e9t, l\u00e0 chung cho b\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o (Ti\u1ec7m, Bi\u1ec7t, Vi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ed1n) \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a tho\u00e1i hay lui s\u1ee5t. Nh\u01b0 kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e1u t\u00e2m b\u1ecb lui s\u1ee5t. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng tho\u00e1i n\u1eefa th\u00ec 6 t\u00e2m trong th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tho\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1edf s\u01a1 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00f2n sau lu\u1eadn ba vi\u1ec7c tho\u00e1i t\u00e2m d\u1ef1a theo v\u1ecb s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111em ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5n tho\u00e1i gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb so s\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1c s\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a s\u00e1u tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u00e1c th\u00fa t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f2n tho\u00e1i lui? Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n minh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e0 kinh t\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kinh ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. M\u1eabu chung r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh tuy hai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, tuy c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ed7 tu ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i tuy hai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Tuy l\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 n\u00ean t\u00e2m ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadt l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Sau n\u00eau r\u00f5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Thi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1c, tr\u00ean t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1eddi T\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, \u0111em t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. Cho n\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f5i t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a (h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n) hay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e1n th\u1eadt v\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng hai, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ee9t th\u1eeba, g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u1edf b\u1eadc s\u01a1 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Nay g\u1ecdi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 \u00fd g\u1ed3m chung Bi\u1ec7t – Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o; \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eady. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa g\u1ecdi Th\u1eeba (c\u1ed5 xe) l\u00ean c\u1ed5 xe b\u00e1u d\u1ea1o kh\u1eafp b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; thung dung trong 40 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba; nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft t\u1ee9c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Tr\u1ee5 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang theo l\u00fd g\u1ecdi th\u1ee7y – kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u; \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chung – chung c\u1ee5c. Do c\u00f3 th\u1ee7y chung n\u00ean t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Theo kinh T\u1ecbnh Danh \u0111\u1ed1i thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang. Ri\u00eang kinh n\u00e0y l\u00fd c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau (th\u1ee7y chung) nh\u01b0 nh\u1ee9t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y th\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i. Nay \u0111em Vi\u00ean-\u0110\u1ed1n lu\u1eadn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. B\u1eadc khai s\u0129 vua c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng minh v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebb v\u00f4 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t minh tr\u00ed. Kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi v\u00f4 duy\u00ean l\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 phi v\u00f4. Phi h\u1eefu v\u00f4 l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o – di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf – \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba trong t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Bao h\u00e0m ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a trung \u0111\u1ea1o; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh v\u00ed. Nh\u01b0 kinh gi\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 h\u1eefu l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng, Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 sanh. Tuy ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf song s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng song chi\u1ebfu. Kinh Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu s\u1edf chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u1ed7 qu\u00ean t\u00ecnh th\u1ea5u l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Tu\u1ec7 Kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 soi s\u00e1ng; chi\u1ebfu soi nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu. T\u00e2m nh\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n hai h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i nh\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng s\u1edf. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 do H\u1eefu \u0111i v\u00e0o V\u00f4, nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 theo kinh gi\u1ea3i ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u00ec v\u0103n l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng xu\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o H\u1eefu; ra H\u1eefu v\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a; ch\u1ec9 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4. Sau n\u00eau r\u00f5 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00eca s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00edn nh\u1eabn; c\u00f3 ba ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eabn, \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c trong ba c\u00f5i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o do ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc t\u00e2m v\u00f4 tri, n\u00ean l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng hai ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ec7 tam \u0111\u1ebf – di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf – kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu. Th\u1eadt tr\u00ed duy\u00ean v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu; v\u00ec v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng n\u00ean r\u00f5 v\u00f4 sanh. T\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng – h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed7ng su\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. Ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng trong kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng soi s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. Do duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng hai t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 do gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tam \u0111\u1ebf. N\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng hai kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u1ed7 s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng hai t\u01b0\u1edbng; kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu, tuy chi\u1ebfu v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng. Ba \u0111\u1ecba C\u1ef1c Nan Th\u1eafng, Di\u1ec7m Hu\u1ec7, Hi\u1ec7n Ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. G\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m m\u00ea v\u1ecdng ba c\u00f5i, tuy kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng r\u1ed7ng su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng soi chi\u1ebfu; tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n sai bi\u1ec7t. Kinh T\u1ecbnh Danh g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd; nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t. B\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng V\u00f4 Sanh Nh\u1eabn n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 sanh; nh\u00ecn tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4ng sau n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t”. D\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 21 sanh th\u00e2n \u1edf th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n th\u1ecd m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sanh n\u1eefa m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sanh t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u l\u00e0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3i qua hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t sanh th\u00e2n trong th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh 21 l\u1ea7n; d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n trung \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eadp d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba, nay n\u00f3i \u1edf b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 duy\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 duy\u00ean Kim Cang nh\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m kim cang. D\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0o ba c\u00f5i th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t \u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m ba c\u00f5i. V\u00ec \u1edf th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba tuy \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ba c\u00f5i nh\u01b0ng do ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed, v\u1eabn tham \u0111\u1eafm Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ed, l\u00e0 theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. D\u00f9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t – \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf – \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 sanh m\u1edbi d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch th\u00f3i nhi\u1ec5m. Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu ba \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, v\u00ec t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c trong ba \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua. \u01afa th\u00edch nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u \u1edf v\u1ecb lai ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Kh\u1edfi T\u00edn n\u00f3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ba \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y. Do qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u1ea5y di\u1ec7u l\u00fd b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u00fd n\u01a1i kinh n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 sao?<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh [73] t\u00e1n th\u00e1n t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong \u0111o\u1ea1n 12 ph\u00e1p \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec t\u00edn nh\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 30 t\u00e2m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00edn c\u1ed9ng ba l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai ph\u00e1p s\u01b0. T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea9m; ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1 b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p, ph\u1ea9m trung qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh \u1edf th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eadc cao t\u1ed9t di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cao t\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n m\u1ea7u thanh t\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i ba ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ch\u1ed7 vi\u00ean minh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c sai s\u1eed; t\u1edbi t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng do tr\u00ed di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 minh ra. N\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp [74] kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2n hu\u00e2n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 m\u1edbi hu\u00e2n v\u00e0o sau. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c trung \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea7n sau v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u00ean minh g\u1ed3m trong s\u00e1u c\u00e2u, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1ee9c” hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, ngo\u00e0i ba \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00f9y c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00ean bi\u1ebft. Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00e3n; qu\u1ea3 h\u1ebft nh\u00e2n tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i ng\u0169 nh\u1eabn b\u1ed5 sung soi chi\u1ebfu; v\u00ec v\u0103n xu\u00f4i n\u00ean ng\u0169 nh\u1eabn l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee7 trong 40 v\u1ecb. Nay t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ng\u0169 nh\u1eabn, n\u00f3i nh\u1eabn qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 40 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eabn. Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean sanh t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec nh\u00e2n sanh qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t; c\u00f2n qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u00ean n\u00f3i b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 h\u00e0ng s\u01a1 c\u01a1 m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m cho ng\u1ed9. H\u00e0ng tam hi\u1ec1n, th\u1eadp th\u00e1nh t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau nh\u00e2n s\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i cao l\u00e0 vi\u00ean minh v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. L\u00fd hay s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hai c\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec7t-Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 tu ch\u1ee9ng. D\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o sanh n\u01a1i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9; l\u1ea5y tu ch\u1ee9ng Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o s\u01a1 tr\u1ee5 sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i hoa t\u1ea1ng. N\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, v\u00ec nghi c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n sau ch\u00f3t. T\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y tr\u1edf \u0111i kinh b\u1ed5 t\u00fac n\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f5i T\u1ecbch Quang T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9. K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1m \u1edf c\u00f5i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean nh\u1eadp chung m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110em ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e2u thu\u1eadn d\u1ec5 nghe, do t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1m tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i b\u00e1o th\u00e2n theo v\u0103n c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch. V\u00ec c\u00e2u nghi v\u1ea5n thi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7. \u0110\u00fang ra ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111em ch\u1ed7 tu ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u1eadp kim cang \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed5n nguy\u00ean v\u00f4 vi; ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 trong l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p r\u00f5 g\u1ecdn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n do c\u00f3 sanh n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i vi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1ecbch quang. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ba ph\u1ea9m lu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m trung, ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean c\u1ef1c v\u1eady. Song trong ba c\u00f5i sau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 kinh gi\u1ea3i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 vi\u00ean c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a ch\u1ed7 t\u00e2m di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y lu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ecbch quang, l\u00e0 ba vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1n th\u00e1n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u00e2m thanh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ti\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o n\u00eau l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5. B\u00e0n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed e hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c duy\u00ean. Qu\u00e1n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean chi\u1ebfu soi m\u1edbi \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hai c\u00e2u, s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n
Lo\u00e0i h\u00e0m th\u1ee9c sanh ra g\u1ed1c do m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t di\u1ec7u b\u00e1o th\u00e2n \u0111oan nghi\u00eam do th\u1ea5y nghe ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n[34] Th\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u Nh\u01b0 Lai: Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0: 1- Nh\u01b0 Lai 2- \u1ee8ng C\u00fang 3- Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri 4- Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u00fac 5- Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 6- Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i 7- V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129 8- \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu 9- Thi\u00ean Nh\u01a1n s\u01b0 10- Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
[35] \u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ee3i tha c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt: 1) Tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c: d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft v\u00f4 tri \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 2) \u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9c: \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ebft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u00f3 d\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (hai \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i). 3) \u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c: c\u00f3 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i tha \u0111em l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
[36] Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf tam t\u1ea1ng: Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01afu Thi\u1ec1n Ni – T\u00e2y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 13 \u0111\u1eddi L\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00e0i h\u01a1n 30 tu\u1ed5i sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf tri ng\u1ed9. Sau g\u1eb7p qu\u1ed1c n\u1ea1n b\u1ecf sang B\u1eafc T\u1ec1, r\u1ed3i sang \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u1ee5y, trong l\u00fac l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c b\u00f4n ba, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n thu\u1eadt phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh Kim Quang Minh, Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, lu\u1eadn Duy Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n truy\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m 278 quy\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ecd 71 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
[37] Tam chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n: ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n. Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf cho h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ba l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n: 1- Th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 T\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf 2- Khuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n: Kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft. T\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n. Di\u1ec7t n\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00ean tu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khuy\u00ean tu v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. 3- Ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n: Kh\u1ed5 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. T\u1eadp ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n. Di\u1ec7t ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ea1o ta \u0111\u00e3 tu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00eau m\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng. H\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n nh\u1edd Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, H\u1ea1ng trung c\u0103n nh\u1edd Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1 c\u0103n nh\u1edd Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
[38] B\u1ed1n kinh A h\u00e0m: b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 kinh thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 l\u00e0: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m, Trung A H\u00e0m, T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m.<\/p>\n
[39] Tr\u1ee5 L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0: L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ean n\u00fai \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01b0 T\u1eed. N\u00fai l\u1ea5y t\u00ean ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 \u1edf n\u00fai \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft kinh.<\/p>\n
[40] T\u1ee9 t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n: b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 th\u00ed cho ch\u00fang sanh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u: 1- Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n 2- V\u1ecb nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n 3- \u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n 4- \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n. Trong 4 ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n bao qu\u00e1t h\u1ebft 12 b\u1ed9 kinh, t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau (theo Lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 q.1)<\/p>\n
[41] V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng: ch\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd d\u1ee9t t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t trong ba ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n: Kh\u00f4ng, V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, V\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n (v\u00f4 t\u00e1c) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
[42] V\u00f4 duy\u00ean: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vin theo c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean theo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
[43] Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh: c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v.v… T\u00e1nh hay t\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n ph\u00e1p; trong nh\u01a1, s\u1ea1ch \u1edf lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, \u1edf lo\u00e0i phi t\u00ecnh, t\u00e1nh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
[44] Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ed, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p. Cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft hay nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3. Tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang sanh, bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, v\u00f4 vi, bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n
[45] B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng – ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1c – ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3 – ch\u00e2n t\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng hay l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c: th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng; L\u1ea1c, Ng\u00e3, T\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n
[46] B\u00e1t phong: T\u00e1m gi\u00f3 hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian y\u00eau hay gh\u00e9t. T\u00e1m th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0:1- l\u1ee3i, 2- suy, 3- h\u1ee7y (ch\u00ea), 4- d\u1ef1 (khen) 5- x\u01b0ng (ca ng\u1ee3i) 6- c\u01a1 (ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o), 7- kh\u1ed5, 8- l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
[47] S\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n: s\u00e1u c\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd c\u0103n; s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n. C\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n sinh ra th\u1ee9c (nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt xung quanh.<\/p>\n
[48] \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a: t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n hai m\u1eb7t: 1- t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu tu h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi; 2- ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u00e0ng th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia x\u00e9t n\u00e9t, ghi t\u00e2m. Do \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao si\u00eau huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf hay c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
[49] B\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong 4 lo\u00e0i: thai sanh, no\u00e3n sanh, th\u1ea5p sanh, h\u00f3a sanh. 1- thai sanh: lo\u00e0i sanh b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0o thai 2- no\u00e3n sanh: lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng 3- th\u1ea5p sanh: lo\u00e0i sanh n\u01a1i \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p 4- ho\u00e1 sanh: lo\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbm, mu\u1ed7i, l\u0103ng qu\u0103ng v.v…<\/p>\n
[50] N\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: hay 5 c\u00f5i ch\u00fang sanh l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n: tr\u1eddi, ngu\u1eddi, a tu la, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9, s\u00fac sanh.<\/p>\n
[51] Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n; u\u1ea9n hay \u1ea5m l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. N\u0103m m\u00f3n n\u00e0y che l\u1ea5p ch\u00e2n l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n
1- S\u1eafc: c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi s\u00e1u c\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
2- Th\u1ecd: th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5, hay kh\u00f4ng vui kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
3- T\u01b0\u1edfng: nh\u1eadn ra m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i …<\/p>\n
4- H\u00e0nh: \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u0111em l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/p>\n
5- Th\u1ee9c: hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang sai …<\/p>\n
[52] Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. C\u00e1i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u1edf lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, phi t\u00ecnh, t\u00ednh n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
[53] T\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0103n n\u0103n, ch\u1eeba l\u1ed7i, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, x\u00e9t n\u00e9t . . .<\/p>\n
[54] Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u1eadp: hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb x\u1ee9. Nh\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o, x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i, ch\u1ed7. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u0103n: nh\u00e3n, nh\u1ec9, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd ti\u1ebfp x\u00facs\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u v.v…<\/p>\n
[55] Th\u1eadp b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi: m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m 6 c\u0103n, 6 tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 6 th\u1ee9c: nh\u00e3n, nh\u1ec9, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u0103n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00fang sai ra sao.<\/p>\n
[56] S\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1i: g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong, kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ee9c. S\u00e1u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh hay phi t\u00ecnh. N\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00ec phi t\u00ecnh do ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh do l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
[57] V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp: tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
[58] Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o: b\u1ea3y m\u00f3n qu\u00ed b\u00e1u nh\u01b0: v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, l\u01b0u ly, pha l\u00ea, xa c\u1eeb, x\u00edch ch\u00e2u, m\u00e3 n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n
[59] T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1t V\u00e2n Nh\u00e3. D\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Nh\u1ee9t Thi\u1ebft Tr\u00ed. T\u00e1t B\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt; ch\u1ee7ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t. V\u00ec v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u su\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n
[60] Ba ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi: v\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 trong 6 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi theo Duy Th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
1- H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi: ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 hay ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 hay l\u1eddi lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 phi s\u1eafc, phi t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p, r\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m, r\u1ed7ng rang nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
2- Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi: do d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, n\u00ean ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 vi m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi<\/p>\n
3- Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi: v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. T\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh; c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec5m, v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi, n\u00ean ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n. G\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi” (tu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi n\u00e0y)<\/p>\n
[61] N\u0103m ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn: 1\/ Ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn 2\/ T\u00ednh nh\u1eabn 3\/ Thu\u1eadn nh\u1eabn 4\/ V\u00f4 sinh nh\u1eabn 5\/ T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn<\/p>\n
[62] S\u00e1u ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh: 6 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh s\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0: 1\/ T\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh: \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. 2\/ T\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh: \u1edf th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang sanh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. 3\/ \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh: \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, tu di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n trung \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. 4\/ Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh: tr\u1edf l\u00ean ba b\u1ef1c tr\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n. Hi\u1ec1n v\u1ecb n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tu ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n trung \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh. 5\/ \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c t\u00e1nh: \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t tr\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. 6\/ Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c t\u00e1nh: \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb linh di\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n
[63] Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng: m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1- C\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00eca t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang sanh. 2- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i 3- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt 4- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n. 5- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 6- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng theo thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng 7- T\u00f9y theo qu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sanh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng 8- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edbng 9- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c 10- H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
[64] Th\u1eadp ki\u00ean t\u00e2m: 10 t\u00e2m ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i hay 10 t\u00e2m Kim Cang \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1- hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh 2- h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh 3- trang nghi\u00eam th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 4- thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng 5-ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 6- th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng cao ph\u00e1p 7- r\u1ed9ng tu nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c 8- tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 tu h\u00e0nh 9- t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 10- khi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
[65] T\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u00e1p: b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1\/ B\u1ed1 th\u00ed: B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00f3 3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: a) c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i b) gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c) ban s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt. 2\/ \u00c1i ng\u1eef: n\u00f3i l\u1eddi h\u00f2a di\u1ec7u th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em tin y\u00eau, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. 3\/ L\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd gi\u00fap \u00edch cho ch\u00fang sanh. 4\/ \u0110\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1: c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, c\u00f9ng chia x\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nhau. \u1ede m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n th\u1ea5y c\u0103n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, b\u00e8n t\u00f9y s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chung c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho h\u1ecd th\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
[66] Vi t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c: phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi li kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00f4 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
[67] V\u00f4 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i bi: l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean nh\u1edd ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca sai bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. H\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
[68] T\u1ee9 ma: b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ma 1- Ma phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o 2- Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m ma 3- Ma ba tu\u1ea7n hay thi\u00ean ma v\u00e0 4- T\u1eed ma (ma ch\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ma).<\/p>\n
[69] Th\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt: b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 1- T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Thi 2- Thi Kh\u00ed 3- T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ph\u00f9 4- C\u00e2u L\u01b0u T\u00f4n 5- C\u00e2u Na H\u00e0m M\u00e2u Ni 6- Ph\u1eadt Ca Di\u1ebfp 7- Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 7 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt trong hi\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp). B\u1ea3y v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1eddi Qu\u00e1 Kh\u1ee9 Trang Nghi\u00eam ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0: 1- \u0110a B\u1ea3o Nh\u01b0 Lai 2- B\u1ea3o Th\u1eafng 3- Di\u1ec7u S\u1eafc Th\u00e2n 4- Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00e1c Th\u00e2n 5- Ly B\u1ed1 \u00day 6- Cam L\u1ed3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng 7- A Di \u0110\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai.<\/p>\n
[70] Do tu\u1ea7n: \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 do di\u00ean ho\u1eb7c du thi\u00ean hay du thi\u00ean na ho\u1eb7c yojana, t\u00ean s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. M\u1ed9t do tu\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 10 d\u1eb7m (l\u00fd) c\u1ee7a T\u00e0u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m b\u1eb1ng 576m th\u00ec m\u1ed9t do tu\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 6km.<\/p>\n
[71] \u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129: ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi chung B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Thanh V\u0103n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. S\u0129 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 chung h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i S\u0129 hay Khai S\u0129.<\/p>\n
[72] Th\u1eadp th\u00e1nh: Ba \u0111\u1ecba tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 tam hi\u1ec1n, 10 v\u1ecb trong th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh<\/p>\n
[73] Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh: b\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean ng\u00f4i th\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ban ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi, truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p, truy\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n
[74] Hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp: c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. Hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, \u00fd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Khi ph\u00e2n ra \u1edf ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c A l\u1ea1i Da Th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
QUY\u1ec2N 4<\/strong><\/p>\nPh\u1ea9m Gi\u00e1o H\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
… L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn nghe ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Kinh n\u00f3i s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1u lo\u00e0i [75], t\u00e1m b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang [76] kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung kh\u00f4ng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o h\u01a1n lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n l\u00e2u, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u hay ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau. Kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 sanh ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh; c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea9m Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00f4 sanh nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh v\u1ecb. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea5y nh\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, hai d\u1ef1a ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n, ch\u00e1nh v\u1ecb ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u y c\u1ee9, song l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 tu ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh v\u1ecb, ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh. L\u1eddi tuy ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 suy x\u00e9t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e2u h\u1eb3n c\u1ea7n suy x\u00e9t \u01b0? \u0110\u1ea1t nh\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e2u x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi, hai \u0111\u1eddi do d\u1ef1a theo vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ea1i kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i theo v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u thai th\u1ecd sanh nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
\u2018… N\u00e0y c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1o l\u00fd h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n t\u00edch m\u00f4n s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u\u2019. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi; c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kinh \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt; xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft nay b\u00e0n t\u00edch m\u00f4n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1p V\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba trong th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng s\u01b0 t\u1eed g\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e2u d\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y trao m\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m tin kh\u00f4ng gian d\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ba ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 kinh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, l\u1ea5y kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng trao truy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m, ph\u00e1t nghi n\u00eau h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb trung \u0111\u1ea1o sanh; ch\u1eef trung h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u: Trung l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa, v\u00ec ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt tuy c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n ba th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca gi\u1eefa; v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ec5 c\u00f2n sanh di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trung \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng hay d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng trung n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba: do th\u00e2n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ec ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n g\u1ed1c v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt sanh n\u01a1i cung vua, nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Ta La song th\u1ecd; d\u00f9ng sanh di\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh, x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Nay y theo ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; ph\u00e0m n\u00f3i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ta ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 tha ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, hai n\u00ean b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tha, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai m\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00e3 g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ee9 lai. S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i. Qu\u00ean d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, chung qui \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean nay d\u1ef1a theo 3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u1ee9 hai, do nh\u01a1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean sanh di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1eabn kinh \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam. Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng; ng\u00e3 nh\u01a1n v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p n\u00ean do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sai s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i ng\u00e3 s\u1edf (c\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ta) t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 danh m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1m v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “gi\u1ea3” l\u00e0 theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n do hai ch\u1ea5p nh\u01a1n-ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a; v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng danh n\u00f3i ba gi\u1ea3: ph\u00e1p – c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi – kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01a1n-ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n di; c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng theo chi\u1ec1u huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kinh Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, bi\u1ebft huy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca; l\u00eca huy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec5n; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn theo ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng tam b\u1ea3o. Ph\u00e0m n\u00f3i danh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb g\u1ed1c; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb danh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng Th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f2n ai Th\u00e1nh ai ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp? Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e0m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 danh c\u1ea3. Ba lo\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft; hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00ean th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 soi s\u00e1ng Kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e0m, nh\u01a1n ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed l\u00e0m danh, l\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ec3; l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng; do v\u1eady bi\u1ebft d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i. Tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 V\u00f4 Tr\u00ed Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng kinh n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng duy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eafm th\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng soi s\u00e1ng; ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t n\u00ean ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, ngay c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 s\u00e2u xa, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 kinh g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eady. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3), t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u00fd tr\u00ean n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Nh\u01b0 Nh\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1eefu t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp; v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 do v\u00f4 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf. V\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n (th\u1eadt) n\u00ean c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3, th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 \u1ea5m h\u00e0nh x\u1eed, c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 thu\u1eadn Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n n\u00ean B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i 30 h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u1edf trung \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, di\u1ec7u tr\u00ed soi chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 do th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft. “N\u00e0y thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed…” c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi vua nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ed9ng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u1eddi vua h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi vua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ednh theo nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u0103ng s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 nguy\u1ec7t quang do thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c do nh\u1edb r\u00f5.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt n\u00eau r\u00f5 14 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn tu, do nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed (T\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3), v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 khuy\u00ean nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eafc \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c. Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm h\u01b0\u1edbng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Kinh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n m\u00e0 quy v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng hai kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ee9t. Nh\u01b0 c\u1eeda l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1eeda n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3. Do m\u00f4n b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, n\u00ean c\u1eeda (m\u00f4n) kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1p tu n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 14 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 do \u0111\u00e2u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o; tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec di\u1ec7u b\u00e1o th\u00e2n d\u1ec5 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o vua r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u1edbn m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00ec kinh g\u1ed3m ba nghi v\u1ea5n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 ba r\u1eb1ng, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u00f9ng th\u00eam t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9? M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sau g\u1ed3m hai \u00fd: a) B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b) th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u0169ng huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho d\u00f9 t\u1ef1 hay tha c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, nh\u01a1n, ch\u00fang sanh, th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sanh. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: V\u00ec ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 n\u00ean khai tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p r\u1ed9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u00e1nh bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh ban s\u01a1 do m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1, h\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, g\u1eb7p \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c do t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o trong ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 g\u1ed1c do m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1nh t\u00e2m sau khi ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 m\u00ea ng\u1ed9, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1eefu l\u1eadu (c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), v\u00f4 l\u1eadu (kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t h\u01a1n k\u00e9m do t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi sanh. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc t\u00e2m ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n n\u00ean s\u1eafc c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n huy\u1ec5n th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt huy\u1ec5n m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh; hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9c ch\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh n\u00f3i h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1edb. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m \u01b0\u1edbt. Do m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t. T\u00f9y theo vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean t\u00e1nh t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Kinh d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0110\u1ea1i kinh ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1nh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng H\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00e2u v\u0103n gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: 1) d\u1ef1a l\u00fd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 Kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn H\u1eefu, nghi \u0111a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef KH\u00d4NG 2) d\u1ef1a s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 H\u1eefu m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m sanh th\u1ee9c n\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t C\u00f3; song kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp giao c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p nhau v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp giao; kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp giao nh\u01b0ng g\u1eb7p nhau. G\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp giao c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a; lu\u1eadn huy\u1ec5n l\u1ea5y h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. Kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 \u00edt ra 6 m\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0: 1) trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m sanh s\u1eafc – t\u00e2m n\u0103m \u1ea5m. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc sanh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 trong 12 nh\u1eadp (6 c\u0103n v\u00e0 6 tr\u1ea7n). Do b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c sanh 5 th\u1ee9c; th\u1ee9c ph\u00f3 cho c\u0103n t\u1ee9c 5 c\u0103n m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp 18 gi\u1edbi (12 nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 6 th\u1ee9c). Song t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e3 r\u00f5 c\u0103n th\u1ee9c, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng kinh gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadp s\u1eafc m\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u0103n l\u01b0\u1ee3c. 2) Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e0m th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n. V\u00ec s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e0m nh\u01a1n th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i th\u00f4 th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadt, cho h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebft t\u1ebf th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y l\u00fd ch\u00e2n. Do v\u1eady c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang sanh n\u01a1i th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 danh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m \u1ea5m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. 3) Ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang danh huy\u1ec5n. V\u0103n tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c H\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c V\u00f4; v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 danh trong H\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c V\u00f4. Do ch\u00fang sanh ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebf. Gi\u1ea3 tr\u00e1 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n. C\u0169ng v\u00ec huy\u1ec5n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh danh. 4) Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phi \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n. 5) C\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00fang sanh huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a, t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 hai m\u1eb7t n\u0103ng s\u1edf: m\u1ed9t l\u1ea5y l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0m s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn (ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5y). Hai l\u1ea5y huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a l\u00e0m n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0m s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn. Do c\u00e2u l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00fd. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i tr\u00ean; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp hay qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a – ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a. 6) N\u00f3i th\u1eadt huy\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt huy\u1ec5n cho h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu trong s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5; v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u1eadt huy\u1ec5n. Ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch ki\u1ebfp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi; gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt, n\u00ean n\u00f3i n\u00f3 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec5n. Do v\u1eady th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean danh t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y danh. Song n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t v\u00f4 danh ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n – c\u00e1ch hay b\u1ed1 th\u00ed – ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m sao ra kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed? Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp gi\u1ea3 danh khi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt. Do n\u01a1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfp ban s\u01a1 tho\u1ea1t nhi\u00ean v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01a1n; Th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u00e0m phu, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a nay bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong ba c\u00f5i, g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a, n\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean suy ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 hai Kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ec9 Qu\u00e1n n\u00f3i lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ea7m th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, v\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y danh t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, nh\u01b0 n\u0103m s\u1eafc c\u00f3 – kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ea5y hai \u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ee3p nhau, l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00eca \u0111\u00e3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e1nh xa nhau; do l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh hai ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn. Ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u00e1p do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n sanh, do ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang sanh, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian; th\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00e2m c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. Do qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 12 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Song l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf trong h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n. H\u01b0 m\u00e0 th\u1eadt n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i; th\u1eadt h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn theo c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf<\/h3>\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u1ed9 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 ba \u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u1ef1 tha v\u00e0 y ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung; th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, l\u1ea5y nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecb h\u1ed9 \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y huy\u1ec5n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u1ef1a theo ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp d\u00f9ng nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, v\u00ec theo g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft hai ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y. Ngo\u00e0i ra b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a trong n\u0103m th\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft, suy ra ch\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf \u01b0? N\u1ebfu g\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o C\u00f3-Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n C\u00f3-Kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o m\u1edbi th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a; c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, c\u00f3 chia x\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd; l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1ecb; hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c? C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu th\u1ea5y c\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c, b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n. Do v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p chung \u1edf ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kinh n\u00eau h\u1ecfi nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb (kh\u00f4ng hai), hay c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi trong th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec v\u0103n gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng x\u01b0a nay c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u : a) theo c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch b) theo t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i theo v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 do v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Do m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1a theo tr\u00ed ph\u00e0m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. Theo v\u0103n d\u1ecbch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u1eefu-v\u00f4 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf; n\u00f3i Kh\u00f4ng v.v… l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00dd h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 sau:<\/p>\n
M\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng nghe vi di\u1ec7u<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ec9 Kh\u00f4ng M\u1ed9t ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1eady<\/p>\n
Nay \u0111em ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb3ng hai b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u0103n xu\u00f4i d\u1eabn t\u00edch Ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t Quang do nh\u00e2n x\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn \u1edf ph\u1ea9m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt; song d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n – t\u1ee5c nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o di\u1ec7u l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng tha, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng hai, ch\u1eb3ng hai, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3. L\u1ea5y g\u1ed1c H\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3. Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u1ed1n sanh n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n c\u00f3; h\u1eefu-v\u00f4 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3. L\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1ecb b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. Gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u1ed1m gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ba tay c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebf. D\u00f9ng M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee7 M\u1ed9t, d\u00f9ng Hai \u0111\u1ee7 Hai, d\u00f9ng H\u1eefu c\u00f3 h\u1eefu, d\u00f9ng Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng; cho ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, cho tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i. D\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang, l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi th\u00f4 n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ng\u1ecdt ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4. D\u00f9ng m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u trong b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean n\u00eau t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ch\u1ed7 l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng dung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, l\u00fd m\u1ea7u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4 g\u1ed1c v\u1ed1n hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u (b\u00e0i k\u1ec7) gi\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7m v\u00e0i ba ch\u1eef, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. H\u1eefu-V\u00f4 g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con tr\u00e2u c\u00f3 hai s\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t. T\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t. T\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hai, trong hai v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hai; m\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai. Nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb3ng s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n; ch\u1eb3ng s\u00e1t g\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u00eca nhau nh\u01b0ng do tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5; mu\u1ed1n hai kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca nhau nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u; mu\u1ed1n hai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y l\u00fd che t\u00ecnh, nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed soi l\u00fd bi\u1ebft hai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hai. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i hai l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t? L\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n tr\u00ed n\u00ean l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hai; tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n l\u00fd, tr\u00ed c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hai; hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb. Quan tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghe, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghe nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf trong h\u1eefu-v\u00f4. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ba tay, tuy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i ba th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh Danh (Duy Ma C\u1eadt) n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, t\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v.v… \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t theo ngh\u0129a soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3c, sau gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng. Do c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t hai n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hai ngh\u0129a hay m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng soi s\u00e1ng nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 trong th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00ean bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ph\u00e0m phu, chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba. D\u1ef1a ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf – t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00e2n-t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n; n\u0103ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, s\u1edf h\u00f3a (ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a) l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng th\u00ec ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ee5c. V\u0103n m\u1ed7i \u00fd kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec hai \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean; sau gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ba \u00fd:<\/p>\n
a) N\u0103ng-s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb n\u00ean n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hai n\u00ean \u0111em ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u00f3a – n\u0103ng h\u00f3a tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f3a tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1edf h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 an tr\u00ed c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e9m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea5n g\u00ec c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i do h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp \u00fd tr\u00ean t\u00f3m k\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103ng h\u00f3a – s\u1edf h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p nhau l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c sau khi sanh l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. Do c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 do tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng; c\u0169ng v\u00ec Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean d\u00f9 ch\u00e2n d\u00f9 t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng trong v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tha t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai; ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai? Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u01b0? kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y. H\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u; h\u00e0nh hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ecd; ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eadn c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n
b) D\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 gi\u1eefa m\u00ea v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng hai. Nh\u00e2n khi ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec5m; sau khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea th\u00e0nh ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u: “b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng…”<\/p>\n
c) Ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt – B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca v\u0103n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u1ea5y b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh. N\u00f3i h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean n\u1ea3y sanh m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nghi v\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i sinh ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p. Ti\u1ebfp theo tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n (xe ph\u00e1p), bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi hai b\u1ed9 kinh [77] m\u00e0 n\u00f3i do m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca v\u0103n t\u1ef1. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca n\u00ean ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. D\u00f9ng t\u00ean 12 b\u1ed9 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, gi\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i theo kinh gi\u1ea3i cho ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kinh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt: danh-v\u1ecb-c\u00fa l\u00e0 ba ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3; thanh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Ba gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eadt th\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 kinh. Thanh tuy ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng tr\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Kh\u00e9o lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hay d\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec b\u00e0n ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng b\u00e0n hay d\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u0169ng Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00eca. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng; v\u00ec Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u Nh\u01b0, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m s\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p v\u0103n t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng theo ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng; hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n. Nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng n\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i Nh\u01b0 theo v\u0103n t\u1ef1, l\u1ea1i n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u01a1n h\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng Nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1c \u00fd n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft tr\u00ed m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt hay sanh qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed m\u1eabu. T\u00e1nh g\u1ed3m l\u00fd t\u00e1nh, h\u1ea1nh t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh. L\u00fd t\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed, l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3 – nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed – n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ba \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1t b\u00e0 nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Nh\u01b0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u1ee7a tam th\u1eeba h\u1ea1nh t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh. Do d\u1ef1a theo tam th\u1eeba h\u1ea1nh t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00e1nh, v\u00ec d\u1ef1a theo tam th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh th\u00f9 th\u1eafng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh t\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c d\u00f9ng t\u00e1nh chung ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh ri\u00eang. Do tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00fd t\u00e1nh n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ed5n; c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y do n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2u “N\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd… t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u00f3i h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ba ngh\u0129a h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 \u1edf tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ec t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eafm b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u0103n t\u1ef1; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a; v\u0103n t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n l\u00eca t\u1ee9c l\u00eca ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a. Lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ec9 Qu\u00e1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng v\u0103n c\u00f2n v\u0103n n\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n? Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00eca v\u0103n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 phi v\u0103n t\u1ef1; v\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l2 b\u1ed9. Tu ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 tu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tu m\u00e0 v\u00f4 tu. C\u00e2u tu v\u00f4 tu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 d\u1ec5 l\u1ea7m n\u00ean s\u1eeda v\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. L\u00e0m sao cho v\u0103n \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd r\u00f5 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 sao mi\u1ec5n hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
“L\u1ea1i b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng…” \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u0103n h\u00e0nh ch\u00fang sanh, h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, hai hay nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1? Gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u00fd : a) theo nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i c\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u0103n t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t kh\u00e1c nhau; h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tu s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng. C\u0103n h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kinh l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00eau nghi v\u1ea5n h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t, hai v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u01b0? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n m\u00f4n, v\u0103n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hai m\u00e0 do qu\u00e1n m\u00f4n n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u. L\u1ea1i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf l\u00fd v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t hai d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u00e1n n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p do c\u1ea3nh, qu\u00e1n do tr\u00ed; Qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng do v\u1eady kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb3ng hai. b) C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u0103n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai c\u00e2u t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn. C\u00e2u tr\u00ean n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n n\u00f3i h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edbng. Suy r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang sanh; ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p hai ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang sanh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p hai ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. Cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ee9t-nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ee9t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c H\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c V\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i xem gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef ki\u1ebfn n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Nay n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5n (g\u1ed1c) d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd qu\u00e1n C\u00f3 – Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 g\u1ed3m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebf \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ba c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0: ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trao ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trao ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, th\u1eadt ra t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 do gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 – l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i V\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 do ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ba n\u00ean ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Nay \u0111em ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau. Ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0 t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 do n\u01a1i thi\u00ean ch\u00e2n di\u1ec7u t\u00e1nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau bao h\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m g\u00ec? V\u00ec sau ba ch\u00e2n (ba s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh) n\u00eau r\u00f5 ba ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca s\u1eafc – t\u00e2m, Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n h\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng do \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ea4y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xa s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ed9t, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i hai ph\u00e1p. Ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y khuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec v.v… xem c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n
Kinh l\u1ea5y H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m t\u00ean, gi\u00e1o l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u1eadp n\u00ean ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: n\u1ed9i h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
– N\u1ed9i h\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n ra h\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3, h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, h\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh v.v… n\u00f3i theo ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
– Ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c (\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc), h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n (\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang), h\u1ed9 n\u1ea1n (c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n) v.v… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai \u00fd:<\/p>\n
a) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, theo v\u0103n ph\u00e2n n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5<\/p>\n
b) Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m hai: a) n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb “h\u1ed9” v\u00e0 sau gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef “qu\u1ed1c”. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 (\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 sau n\u00eau l\u00fd do h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c. b) V\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 ba c\u00f5i m\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00e0m phu bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i, v\u00ec b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t r\u00f5. V\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng ba c\u00f5i, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh; \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb th\u1eadp t\u00edn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00ec d\u1ef1a theo ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f5i t\u1ee5c. H\u00e0ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00ean k\u1ebft bu\u1ed9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, do c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u1edf trong d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t m\u00ea l\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau h\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7c v.v… v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n hai th\u1ebf gi\u1eb7c \u1ea5y n\u00ean l\u1eadp n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf; n\u0103ng h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i; b\u00e1t nh\u00e3- tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u1ed9 – (s\u1edf h\u1ed9) gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u00ean trong. Suy t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u1edd th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01a1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng do n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ra. N\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a theo ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o qu\u00e1n sau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 sanh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ri\u00eang theo t\u1eebng ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u00ean ba th\u1ee9 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m (tham-s\u00e2n-si) kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi; ba m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 an \u1ed5n v\u00e0, k\u1ebf n\u00eau r\u00f5 tr\u0103m b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 b\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 y b\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o; \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn chung. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0: “t\u00f4i nay \u0111ang n\u00f3i…” d\u1ef1a theo l\u1eddi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eadn c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c. Lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac h\u01b0ng-suy. C\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecda n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng do b\u1ea5t an kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3m nguy. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00eau l\u00ean: nguy thay, nguy thay! L\u1eddi k\u00eau kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u1ea5y b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng cho bi\u1ebft n\u1ea1n g\u1ea5p s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn. N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i b\u1ecb l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y. H\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a tam tai [78] m\u00e0 l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp thi\u00eau; L\u1eeda n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf, l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a tam \u0111\u1ed9c (tham-s\u00e2n-si). N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp thi\u00eau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch nh\u1edd c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecfa tai khi b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f5i ta \u0111ang \u1edf an \u1ed5n \u0111\u00e2y, tuy v\u1eady l\u1eeda v\u1eabn thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i. Ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt t\u00f4n th\u1edd trang nghi\u00eam b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1edd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang theo qui c\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 nghi nh\u01b0: 1) th\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd 2) m\u1eddi s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 3) th\u1ec9nh th\u1ea7y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p 4) c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam B\u1ea3o 5) c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 6) m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y hai bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng (gi\u1ea3ng) kinh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 7) n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00fang qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n th\u00edch nghe ph\u00e1p nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ebfn nghe, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i do l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh thanh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t ai kh\u00e1c. Sau n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1edf n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n. N\u1ea1n l\u1eeda c\u00f3 ba m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i trong nh\u01a1n n\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba n\u1ea1n – ba linh quang – v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb, m\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00ean c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh n\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda v.v… m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 theo nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111em kinh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi n\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng do \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n t\u1edbi. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ec9nh v\u1ea5n, v\u00ec danh d\u1ef1 \u0111em l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng “thi\u00ean th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i; \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01a1n h\u00f2a” th\u00ec m\u1ea7m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ebd tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y kinh n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd. Am t\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 manh m\u1ed1i thi\u00ean l\u00fd, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i gi\u1ec1ng nh\u01a1n lu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tam t\u00e0i (thi\u00ean-\u0111\u1ecba-nh\u01a1n) l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c n\u1ea1n? L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f5i gi\u1edbi bao v\u00e2y n\u00ean bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i ba m\u1ed1i kia l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thu\u1eadn tin h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1, trong qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi n\u00fai non hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, qu\u00e2n binh l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c th\u00eam ch\u1ed7 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap? Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u00ean trong gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec l\u1ea5y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0o! S\u1ef1 an \u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa? Do \u0111\u00e2y suy lu\u1eadn l\u00fd th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tin to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7n nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam. Kinh n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n n\u1eefa v.v… v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n; h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm hai vi\u1ec7c: nh\u01b0 trong c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00edn lo\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u gi\u00e0u sang quan v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i ch\u00edn ph\u1ea9m quan. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea3i tr\u0103m t\u00f2a cao l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, tuy kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hay l\u1ef1c (nghi\u1ec7p) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. D\u1eabn t\u00edch x\u01b0a vua t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3nh Sanh qua hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: sanh l\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c 1) L\u00fac sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t trang nghi\u00eam 2) Sau \u0111\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ec9 d\u1ea1 xoa trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ecdt ra.<\/p>\n
Do theo s\u1ef1 t\u00edch vua tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch d\u1ef1a kinh Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp vua \u0110\u1ea3nh Sanh b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i t\u00e2m; v\u00ec tho\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda. Song l\u00fac m\u1edbi sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o, \u0110\u1ea3nh Sanh tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 sau c\u00f2n m\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft. V\u00ed th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng do tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tin. “L\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng…” d\u1eabn b\u1eadc nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9 th\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n hai \u00fd: a) n\u00f3i r\u00f5 n\u1ea1n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n: Thi\u00ean La l\u00e0 cha Ban T\u00fac, nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ti\u00ean nh\u01a1n tu h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c. Do nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ki\u1ebfp lo\u00e0i qu\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u01a1ng la s\u00e1t; sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ec9 la s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i th\u00ed… L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd vua Tu \u0110\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb x\u01b0a n\u00ean l\u1eadp l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua Ph\u1ed5 Minh. b) \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n ghi trong ph\u1ea7n v\u0103n xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. Song do ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng – b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng – tam mu\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1n xem c\u00e1c kinh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft \u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. Nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c kinh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y hai th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng (\u0111\u1ecdc) b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp (\u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng kinh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3). N\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u00fd kinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c d\u00f9ng m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n; m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn lao, g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm ri\u00eang Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. V\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu t\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft minh – tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y – r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft minh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nay ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam; c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 1 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “Th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 20 ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp [79]. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfp sau l\u00e0 chung \u0111i\u1ec3m (chung c\u1ee5c). V\u1ec1 c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e0n; thu\u1eadn theo l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n; c\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n g\u1ecdi t\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. Do ki\u1ebfp thi\u00eau n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i s\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, n\u00fai Tu Di, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng n\u00fai, bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh, ho\u1ea1i do nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ea3m v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ecm trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ba tai. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eddi, r\u1ed3ng h\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tan ho\u1ea1i; hai lo\u00e0i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n h\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1edbc hu\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. M\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00ecm m\u1ea5t, tan r\u00e3 trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 2 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng; d\u00f9 lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i thay song kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ng\u1eb1n m\u00e9 (b\u1edd b\u1ebfn). \u00dd nguy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n ham \u01b0a an l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m th\u00eam kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Cho n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i nhau th\u00e0nh lo bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. Tai h\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c (t\u00e0i, s\u1eafc, danh, th\u1ef1c, th\u00f9y), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh h\u1ecda c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 do \u0111\u00f3 sanh ra c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng do b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 Trang T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “S\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 mang theo v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f2ng b\u0103ng b\u00f3; ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 toang ung nh\u1ecdt”, n\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u1ea7y. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u00ean r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. C\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m sao tin t\u01b0\u1edfng? C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Kh\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra v\u00f4 h\u1eefu (kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3) hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0? Ch\u1ec9 do nh\u00e2n trong duy\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sanh ra s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do v\u1eady m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o. Do nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1nh suy, th\u1eadt h\u01b0… \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i nhau m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00fac th\u1ea1nh m\u00e3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 hay sao? Ch\u00fang sanh trong ba c\u00f5i v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng (c\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ed9ng) nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n m\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng vang theo h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt h\u1eefu, c\u00f5i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 4 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi “th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3” nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh; m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, c\u00f9ng t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau; l\u1ea1i th\u00eam b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf y\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u01b0? V\u00ec v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o bao v\u00e2y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m vui; tha h\u1ed3 lao theo trong ng\u1ee5p l\u1eb7n vui ch\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. H\u00ecnh v\u00f3c ch\u00ecu theo n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 kia v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo h\u00ecnh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt; th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 sanh l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 cho l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. H\u00ecnh h\u00e0i, th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u00eca nhau hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec n\u00fai s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc-t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 (th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p), l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u00fang nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c. Th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m (s\u00e1ng, tr\u01b0a, chi\u1ec1u, t\u1ed1i) m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00f3i chung ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 6 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c h\u1ebft n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m T\u00e1n Hoa<\/h3>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1ea3i hoa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00e1o \u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. B\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00f3i h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c s\u00e2u, cho n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo, sau r\u1ea3i hoa c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb \u00e2n m\u00e0 lo \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y hoa b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 cung k\u00ednh. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n trang nghi\u00eam thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
D\u00e2ng l\u00ean b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh m\u00e0 hoa l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3; c\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 trang nghi\u00eam Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. D\u00e2ng hoa c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf do nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh ba ph\u1ea9m k\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n kinh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a theo ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n d\u1eabn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e2m \u00fd h\u00e2n hoan. Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n n\u00f3i ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i r\u1ea3i hoa mang ba \u00fd ngh\u0129a: hai \u00fd n\u00f3i tr\u00ean thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd sau thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea3, hoa v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ba. T\u00f9y theo t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u00e0 hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u00f2a ng\u1ed3i, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i cao, tr\u00ean b\u1ee5c, tr\u00ean l\u1ecdng… c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f9y th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc cao th\u1ea5p. Ba th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea3i hoa \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n theo cung c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. D\u00f9ng Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o kh\u00f3; l\u1ea5y Vi\u00ean n\u00f3i Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e9t m\u1edbi r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u00f5, b\u1ea3o th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau; b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, do qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu sanh; b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng sanh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng… c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: a) tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau danh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, n\u00f3i th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn, do \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, b) l\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9; nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 5 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. V\u00ec b\u1ed5 sung nhau m\u1ed7i ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1u dung th\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. N\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ba \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 dung th\u00f4ng, dung th\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. T\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang do nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 hai dung th\u00f4ng; ph\u00e1p do t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u00e1nh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec; do t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n t\u00fac n\u00ean tin h\u01a1n ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng soi s\u00e1ng. Cho n\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e2n, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf kh\u00f4ng-gi\u1ea3-trung n\u01a1i ba ngh\u00ecn c\u00f5i m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng an nhi\u00ean qua l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo l\u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng-trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u00fd nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edbng; vi di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng do Kh\u00f4ng-trung \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng dung th\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng do c\u00e1i di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; t\u00ecnh h\u1ea1i l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch. Sau gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c nghi v\u1ea5n. Nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00ean tr\u00ean kinh ghi n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau nghi v\u1ea5n. Do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi v\u1ea5n theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu theo b\u1ea3n t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 hai \u00fd:<\/p>\n
1) Nay h\u01a1n x\u01b0a b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m: a) Nay h\u01a1n x\u01b0a m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t b\u00ean; \u0111o\u1ea1t th\u00ec hi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean do. b) Nay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, h\u1eb3n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng-gi\u1ea3-trung kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i; th\u1ec3 h\u01b0 d\u1ed1i n\u00ean di\u1ec7u, di\u1ec7u n\u00ean dung nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i, Ti\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i; \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng do l\u00fd t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y. c) Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y do hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t do \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n? d) N\u00ean l\u1ea5y Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c v.v…<\/p>\n
2) \u0110\u00e2y trong m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n soi s\u00e1ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tu, t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c t\u1ef1 cho M\u1eabu (m\u1eb9) h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1i bao la r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
*<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea9m Th\u1ecd Tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n
Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c; B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u1edd b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) n\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Nguy\u1ec7t Quang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khai m\u1edf tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n h\u1eadu th\u1ebf noi theo, n\u00ean nay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m th\u1ecd tr\u00ec n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt [80]. Gi\u1ea3i n\u00eau ba v\u00f2ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p: v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi l\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ba th\u00e2n?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p: L\u1ea5y ba kinh m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u00f2ng nh\u00ec h\u1ecfi: ch\u00ednh hai th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 vi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n, h\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. N\u00ean nghi v\u1ea5n Ph\u1eadt X\u00e1 Na l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Gi\u1edbi kinh gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 hai v\u00f2ng: b\u1ed5n (m\u00f4n) t\u00edch (m\u00f4n). Nay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i tuy gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng. Cho n\u00ean c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kinh Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u00edch m\u00f4n; v\u00ec t\u00edch m\u00f4n trong b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Kh\u00e1c ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u1edf kinh n\u00e0y, d\u1ef1a th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n; \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00edch m\u00f4n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1ed5n-t\u00edch d\u00f9 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n. V\u00f2ng ba l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea9m B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p (kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa) n\u00eau nghi v\u1ea5n. Do ph\u1ea9m kinh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n m\u00f4n ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u00edch m\u00f4n n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf… N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c; c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n k\u00e9m v.v… Tuy ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai thuy\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. L\u1eddi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh, trong c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n khai \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u sau khai m\u1edf v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng hu\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00fang sanh \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ra 13 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1p khai m\u1edf t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c cho ch\u00fang sanh. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i khai kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 khai th\u00f4ng-m\u1edf t\u1ecf. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u “\u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e2u ni” \u1edf tr\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec ta khai m\u1edf tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c; ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 v\u00ec ta truy\u1ec1n trao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft (ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c). Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ph\u1eadt) l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ta; th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c cho ta y ch\u1ec9, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i cung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Trong ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch nh\u1eabn, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi do Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ta n\u00f3i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau 13 ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn; th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1eadp nh\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1ea3i n\u00eau ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1n n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh ra s\u1ee3 ch\u01b0a b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Nay gi\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i, do h\u00e0ng s\u01a1 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m m\u1ecfng c\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc l\u00f4ng nh\u1eb9 lao theo chi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u; n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau h\u1eb3n r\u00f5. Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. D\u00f9 \u0111ang \u1edf nh\u1eabn v\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o h\u1eb3n n\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eabn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e2u n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u01a1n l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 xoay \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u1eeb l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay. Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec t\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 n\u00f3i r\u00f5, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t-Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o; v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tuy gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd qu\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng chung nh\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec ng\u00e3-ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi th\u1eadt ch\u00ed l\u00fd v\u1eady. C\u1edb sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang sao? Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng tha t\u01b0\u1edbng, g\u1ed3m chung t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1, tha n\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 r\u01a1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn. Th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng t\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sanh di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chung; qu\u00e1n ng\u0169 \u1ea5m v.v… l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp. Tuy t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ecd sanh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tu \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra. N\u00f3i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 \u00e1i ki\u1ebfn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5c n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nay x\u00e9t v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 n\u0103ng hu\u00e2n, \u00e1i ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1edf hu\u00e2n hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u00e1i ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u0103ng hu\u00e2n, ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1edf hu\u00e2n; m\u1ed7i l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f9y \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 trong kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang. Kinh n\u00e0y lu\u1eadn danh t\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi n\u00eau l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, theo ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00eau v\u00ed d\u1ee5. V\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt tr\u00ed l\u00eca t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. G\u1ecdi th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00ean n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n v.v… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt tr\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng l\u00eca, ch\u1eb3ng bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng m\u1edf, vi di\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0 kinh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3i gi\u00e1c-tr\u00ed nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ed tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u00ed c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eadt tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c; cho ch\u00ed n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p sanh ba c\u00f5i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt thanh t\u1ecbnh do bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sanh c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng n\u00eau th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i T\u1ecbnh Danh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng sai \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ba c\u00f5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 d\u1eabn kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n Th\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, v\u00ec 6 ph\u00e1p m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 b\u1edd m\u00e9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia n\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y n\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ch\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p tai nghe kh\u00e1c \u0111i n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0ng soi s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf; b\u1ecb che l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb che l\u00e0 tr\u00ed. Nay n\u00f3i soi s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n che \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch \u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4i. N\u00f3i Tu \u0110\u00e0 Ho\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1ecf n\u00eau l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t, l\u01b0u – th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u, l\u1ea5y danh \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0 13 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh, Kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ean? Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. N\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t g\u1ed1c nghi ba c\u00f5i m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 b\u1ecf ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. Lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t? Ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 l\u00e0m sao th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u01b0? Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ph\u00e1p. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n; c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i. Nay \u0111\u1ed1i ri\u00eang c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n; t\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Trong t\u0129nh th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u1ee9 theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ed1n do t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m do t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u1edfi. T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng do \u0111\u00e2u sanh? Hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u00e2m t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eefa sao? L\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u01a1i v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng an nhi\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ed7 Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 song chi\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai h\u1eefu-v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i; t\u00e2m t\u00e2m, t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. Gi\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 di\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 v.v… \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Gi\u1ea3i chung, ri\u00eang ngh\u0129a ba con m\u1eaft ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tam mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7m. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3, tam nh\u00e3n th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng; nh\u1ecb nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, hu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn. V\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea7y, Kinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y qua tam Nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u1ed9t \u00fd n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ra. C\u0169ng nh\u00e2n con m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tam \u0111\u1ebf qua ng\u0169 nh\u00e3n, d\u1ef1a theo gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa Huy\u1ec1n Ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 r\u00f5 ch\u1ec9 do nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i theo th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m hai con m\u1eaft c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn: “l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t …” t\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i cao n\u00ean qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec ph\u00e1p t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eabn c\u00f3 ba: a) Bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba. b) N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn sang \u0110\u1eb3ng – Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1. c) Xa h\u01a1n Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o do c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m v\u1ecb; ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tu nh\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (tam mu\u1ed9i). D\u1ef1a theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do tu \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 5 v\u1ecb: ph\u1ee5c \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u00edn ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1n ti\u1ec7m, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng v.v… t\u00f9y m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ti\u1ec3u d\u1ecb. Kinh x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ch\u1eef “N\u0103ng” s\u1ee3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: 1) Ph\u1ee5c \u0111o\u1ea1n: nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c; ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u1ec1u y c\u1ee9 theo ch\u1ed7 lu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c 2) T\u00edn ki\u1ebfn : v\u00ec tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c sanh tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ed, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi ki\u1ebfn; v\u00ec c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn (th\u1ea5y) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i. 3) \u0110\u1ed1n ti\u1ec7m (mau ch\u1eadm) ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u ngay kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tin; n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i tin ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eadm 4) Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng: v\u00ec trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec7m-ph\u1ee5c (nh\u1eabn) th\u00ec hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi di\u1ec7t; c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. 5) \u0110\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng: v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean hay so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng-s\u1edf ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng; so s\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n l\u00ean cao th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0o ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3. \u00dd ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb B\u00e0 D\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 [81] l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u1ef1c cao nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u1ecd tu. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong ph\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 giao c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt; tr\u1eeb l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1edbi s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u00fac ch\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea9m An L\u1ea1c d\u1ea1y ch\u1edb th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf s\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec. B\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo kinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng “s\u1ee3”, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 n\u00ean c\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi r\u0103n. Trong ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng khuy\u1ebfn tu l\u1ea5y ba kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nhau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang sanh. T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n ra n\u0103m g\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau: a) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c b) Th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c c) T\u00e2m l\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c d) Th\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c e) B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. Do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9. C\u0169ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c hay sanh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0: a) l\u00fd sanh hi\u1ec3u b) hi\u1ec3u sanh tr\u00ed c) tr\u00ed hay l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c d) \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh e) v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi vua l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9. G\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1u danh x\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 V\u0103n T\u1ef1 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, l\u1ea5y ba \u0111\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9c di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean trong. V\u00ec do c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean tr\u1eeb \u00e1c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh. Th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 (b\u00f9a ch\u00fa) kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00edch qu\u1ec9 ch\u00e2u, vua c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n t\u00e0 \u00e1c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho tai h\u1ecda n\u00e3o lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng sanh n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u00fd. Lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh do tinh kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Kim S\u00fay \u0110i\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt. G\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd B\u1ea3o hay c\u0169ng l\u00e0 H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00e2u (ng\u1ecdc h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c). L\u00e0 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh soi kh\u1eafp 12 th\u1eeba gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u0103ng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i; d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfng soi nh\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 soi chi\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng. Do t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. G\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Long B\u1ea3o th\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u00f3n b\u00e1u th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1. M\u00f3n ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng hai ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn b\u1eadc lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u00f3n ng\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea5y m\u1eaft ghi nh\u1eadn \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p n\u00ean t\u1ea1o 9 s\u1eafc c\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed1c su\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y 95 c\u1ea5p l\u00e0m s\u1ed1; ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n chia s\u1ed1; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y. Kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 trang nghi\u00eam n\u00ean l\u1ea5y 9 n\u01a1i trong 9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft minh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5. Con s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1ec9 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng hai m\u00f3n ng\u1ecdc s\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u1ecdc c\u00e2n. C\u00e2n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng hi\u1ebfn m\u00f3n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. B\u1eadc minh v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n k\u00ednh b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i “gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u” l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y s\u1eed t\u00edch t\u0103ng, h\u00e0nh nghi \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00ean c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean do nh\u01b0 trong kinh. \u00d4i th\u00f4i! l\u00e0m sao kh\u00f4ng tin l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! V\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f3 ch\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ph\u00f3 ch\u00fac cho ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0: qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng giao cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 giao cho qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e1p nghi v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 3 \u00fd: 1) \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p lo\u1ea1n, tr\u1eeb vua kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1eed binh \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p. 2) c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng do vua kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3) c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng do tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vua ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i? Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb vua \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi thi h\u00e0nh, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng giao cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft x\u00e1c minh r\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n 80 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nghi v\u1ea5n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i sao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn C\u00f4 Kh\u1edfi. V\u00ec 80 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn 800 n\u0103m sau ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p, sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p. T\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gia t\u0103ng nhanh d\u00f9ng t\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 8000 n\u0103m sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng s\u0129. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y may. Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00e2n c\u1ea7n tha thi\u1ebft trao cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u0103n d\u1ea1y nh\u1eafc khuy\u00ean b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec tam b\u1ea3o khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t; c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n; tu m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y trong ba t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1edf d\u0129 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi b\u00e0n lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ednh v\u1eady. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c [82], l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc vua Nguy\u1ec7t Quang n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng 7 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o: 1) Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t 2) b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang tan r\u00e3 3) c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng y ph\u00e1p 4) t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y m\u00ecnh 5) \u0111i s\u1ee9 6) t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m 7) tin sai nh\u1ea7m. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: V\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t n\u00ean b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang tan r\u00e3. \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00ec phi ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh; do phi ph\u00e1p n\u00ean ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c \u0111i s\u1ee9 l\u00e0 theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i nghe theo. N\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia v\u00ec ch\u01b0a tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 giao h\u1ea3o n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00ec c\u1ea7u danh l\u1ee3i n\u01a1i vua quan n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf lu\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng ki\u00eang ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i. Nghe sai n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p b\u1ea9n nh\u01a1 khi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m che m\u1ea5t phong c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. L\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m ai t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0? \u00d4i th\u00f4i! Nghe b\u1ea3y l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o \u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n hay sao?<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n[75] S\u00e1u lo\u00e0i hay s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea1o: thi\u00ean, nh\u01a1n, a tu la, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef9, s\u00fac sanh.<\/p>\n
[76] T\u00e1m b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1- C\u00e0n Th\u00e1t B\u00e0 2- T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 X\u00e0 3- C\u01b0u B\u00e0n Tr\u00e0 4- Ti\u1ebft L\u1ec7 \u0110a (Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9) 5- Lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng 6- Ph\u00fa \u0110an Na (qu\u1ec9 h\u00f4i h\u00e1m) 7- D\u1ea1 xoa (qu\u1ec9 d\u0169ng ki\u1ec7n) 8- Qu\u1ec9 La S\u00e1t.<\/p>\n
[77] 12 b\u1ed9 kinh hay 12 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng hay kinh th\u1ec3 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i 2\/ Tr\u00f9ng t\u1ee5ng: th\u1ec3 v\u0103n v\u1ea7n hay th\u1ec3 k\u1ec7 3\/ Th\u1ecd k\u00fd 4\/ C\u00f4 kh\u1edfi: b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp \u00fd ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang 5\/ V\u00f4 v\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft: Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai th\u1ec9nh th\u01b0a nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ph\u1ea9m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n 6\/ Nh\u01a1n Duy\u00ean: nh\u01b0 Kinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa n\u00f3i duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00f4ng Tr\u00ed Th\u1eafng 7\/ Th\u00ed D\u1ee5 8\/ B\u1ed5n s\u1ef1: m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt 9\/ B\u1ed5n sanh: vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecd sanh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 10\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng: n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng Trung \u0110\u1ea1o. 11\/ V\u1ecb t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu: ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe. 12\/ Lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb : v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
[78] Tam tai: Ba tai h\u1ecda l\u1edbn l\u00e0 h\u1ecfa tai (tai n\u1ea1n l\u1eeda d\u1eef), th\u1ee7y tai (n\u1ea1n ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t, h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y) v\u00e0 phong tai (gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i tam tai, c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u tam tai nh\u01b0: 1- \u0111ao binh (ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft nhau) 2- \u00f4n d\u1ecbch (b\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch) 3- c\u01a1 c\u1ea9n (n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i).<\/p>\n
[79] Ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp: ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i. Theo lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u X\u00e1, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 84,000 tu\u1ed5i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 qua 100 n\u0103m l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3m cho t\u1edbi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m ki\u1ebfp. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng ki\u1ebfp. Qua 100 n\u0103m t\u0103ng 1 tu\u1ed5i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 84,000 tu\u1ed5i. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3m ki\u1ebfp c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng ki\u1ebfp g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
[80] Ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt: Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba th\u00e2n l\u00e0: b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. 1\/ B\u00e1o th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 2\/ \u1ee8ng th\u00e2n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi h\u00f3a th\u00e2n, th\u00e2n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. 3\/ Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
[81] B\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9: c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m, B\u1ea1c Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m, B\u1ea1c A Ph\u1ea1m, B\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Theo Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ngh\u0129a: T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i, Th\u1ecbnh V\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0110oan Nghi\u00eam, X\u1ee9ng Danh, C\u00e1t T\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u00f4n Qu\u00ed. Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed1n ngh\u0129a: c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00e9o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 thanh danh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
[82] Ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: n\u0103m th\u1ee9 u\u1ebf b\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng tinh s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang sanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n
1. Ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ecd th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Ki\u1ebfp t\u0103ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn 84,000 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 10 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
2. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft hay suy ngh\u0129 t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y n\u00ean t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n
3. Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u00fd g\u00e2y bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, h\u1eddn gi\u1eadn, ganh gh\u00e9t, th\u00f9 o\u00e1n v.v… l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
4. Ch\u00fang sanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i mang th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed d\u1ecb k\u1ef3, tanh h\u00f4i, vi, v\u1ea3y, s\u1eebng l\u00f4ng; c\u00f3 hai ch\u00e2n, 4 ch\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
5. M\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0nh treo chu\u00f4ng; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9t, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u1edb Th\u1ea7n B\u1ea3o K\u00fd Nh\u01a1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt T\u1ed1ng Thi\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec7t thu\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch B\u1ea3o L\u1ea1c *** L\u1eddi t\u1ef1a D\u1ec5 \u1edf hi\u1ec3u kinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt; d\u1ec5 n\u01a1i ghi ch\u00e9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u1edf hi\u1ec3u kinh l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i T\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":172124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[60,61],"yoast_head":"\n
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