***<\/em><\/p>\nNay gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n
1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/p>\n
2. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kinh<\/p>\n
3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ee5c<\/p>\n
4. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/p>\n
1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean: n\u00f3i d\u1ea1y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fd s\u00e2u tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean th\u0103m th\u1eb3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4. Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng (t\u00e1nh) th\u00e2m s\u00e2u si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, song ch\u1ed7 l\u00fd th\u00fa th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i khai hai t\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 y c\u1ee9 n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ba th\u00e2n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbch manh \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 khua nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i l\u1eafng trong \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng l\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Do v\u1eady Ph\u1eadt ba l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n xe ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u khi\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00e2n n\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ba La N\u1ea1i, ban \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 sanh t\u1eed, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. T\u1ea1i n\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft Kinh g\u1ed3m 16 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p H\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i li\u00ean Hoa T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh, c\u00f5i u\u1ebf n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd H\u1eefu \u2013 V\u00f4 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Song ngo\u00e0i hai ph\u00e1p H\u1eefu V\u00f4 ra c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
2. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kinh: t\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf; c\u00f2n t\u00f4ng hay t\u00f4n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ea1y ri\u00eang. Song Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t B\u00e0 \u0110a d\u00f9ng thanh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, \u0111em so s\u00e1nh thanh v\u00f4 k\u00fd cho l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a theo Kinh b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u01b0\u1ee3n thanh, l\u00eca thanh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2u s\u00e1nh v\u1eady. Theo c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kinh ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng thanh nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 C\u1ea5u X\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1, c\u00f3 kinh ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng t\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c. Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i tr\u00ed danh l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7p chung thanh v\u00e0 danh nh\u01b0 Kinh Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba. Gi\u1ea3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u1ea3i y c\u1ee9 hai vi\u1ec7c, n\u00f3i thanh, danh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t n\u1ea7y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00eau c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3, t\u1eeb th\u1eadt d\u00f9ng thanh v\u00e0 danh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n y c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i nhau. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1i th\u1eadt d\u00f9ng danh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, n\u00ean l\u00eca thanh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c danh v\u1eady. L\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng danh l\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh sai bi\u1ec7t. Hai ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh. Cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh theo t\u00e2m d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Kinh thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi th\u1ee9c cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ebfp v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u01a1n d\u00f9ng Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c kinh Nh\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft minh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh ch\u1ed7 hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecf t\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: T\u00f9y c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00eau ri\u00eang, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 kinh c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang, ph\u1ecfng th\u1eddi lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng 1) T\u00f9y c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i t\u00f4ng ri\u00eang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh do v\u00f4 minh n\u00ean kh\u1edfi tham, s\u00e2n, si v\u00e0 84 ng\u00e0n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1ee9ng b\u1ecbnh cho thu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3i u\u1ea9n x\u1ee9\u2026 84 ng\u00e0n ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, do c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecf t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9. 2) M\u1ed7i kinh c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 kinh tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n, m\u1ed7i m\u00f4n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u00fa theo m\u1ed7i kinh kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa l\u1ea5y nh\u1ee9t th\u1eeba l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n Kinh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng, Kinh V\u00f4 C\u1ea5u X\u01b0ng l\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb (kh\u00f4ng hai) l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng. Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c y c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. 3) Ph\u1ecfng theo th\u1eddi l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng: tuy c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i ba lo\u1ea1i: Ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ed1t n\u00eau B\u1ed9 Kinh n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
3. Gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c: Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a: \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, gi\u00e1c tha, gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt khai c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n vi di\u1ec7u l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n (\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia \u2013 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t), t\u00e2m kinh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf; trong ph\u00e9p nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng (1) \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1t nh\u00e3. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao t\u00f4n, t\u1eeb d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 l\u1eadp danh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u00e2m v\u1eady. Ch\u1eef Kinh c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp tr\u00ec; xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, nhi\u1ebfp gi\u1eef ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 sanh. \u0110\u00e2y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103ng s\u1edf l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p d\u1ee5 l\u1eadp danh n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a.<\/p>\n
4. B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 nh\u00ecn chung g\u1ed3m trong ba ph\u1ea7n: soi s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n, ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh s\u1edf qu\u00e1n, sau d\u00f9ng v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 kinh Quan \u00c2m n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n, k\u1ebf lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t n\u00eau r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu theo s\u00e1ch x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m, qu\u00e1n m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, g\u1ecdi danh hi\u1ec7u B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u00f9ng \u00e2m thanh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m. Do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u00e2n, \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean kinh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i; Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i trong ch\u1ee9ng hai ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1n ba nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng thong dong t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i. V\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t sanh b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u1eady! N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0m sao th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m Tam mu\u1ed9i. Kinh Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m tam mu\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o A nan: nay ta d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0. Ta ngh\u0129 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Minh Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1ee8ng C\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri, Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u00fac, Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7, Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i, V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129, \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu, Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e2n S\u01b0, Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt kia. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m sao th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Quan \u00c2m th\u1ecd k\u00fd. Kinh \u1ea5y thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u00e0y thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chung cu\u1ed9c n\u00ean nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. L\u1ea1i n\u00e0y Thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 sau khi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam l\u00fac nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed5 Quang C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c S\u01a1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 10 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, cho ch\u00ed t\u00ean c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed trang nghi\u00eam. L\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m \u1edf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kia tu h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00fac m\u1ea1ng chung h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt Ng\u00e0i. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m: c\u00f9ng t\u00ean kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ecb xa x\u01b0a kia v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau; nh\u01b0 Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o v.v\u2026 T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam, ch\u00ednh Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, hai l\u00e0 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n 1. Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m mang th\u00e2n th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Kinh Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m. 2. H\u00f3a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, Th\u00edch Ca Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt tuy c\u00f3 hai l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1ec1 sau hi\u1ec3u thu\u1eadn theo th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng sai tr\u00e1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec: bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n: \u201cL\u00fac th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e2u xa B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e0n: tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed v\u00e0 sau b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed. Nay b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tu ti\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n, th\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, th\u00e2m c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: 1. h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m (th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc), kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i tr\u00ed ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p hai Kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng s\u1edf h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m (th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong). Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. 2. C\u1ea3nh th\u00e2m: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai Kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi h\u00fd lu\u1eadn (b\u00e0n t\u00ednh su\u00f4ng), ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m n\u00ean n\u00f3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tr\u00ed, g\u1ecdi Ba La l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n (b\u1edd kia), m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i: tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia \u2013 b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u00e2n tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n. Th\u1eddi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i: n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi m\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9 v.v\u2026 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb thu nhi\u1ebfp. Di\u1ec7u M\u00f4n lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y n\u00ean lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3 danh th\u1eddi l\u00eca ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi. Kinh Du Gi\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi tr\u00ean – tr\u01b0\u1edbc – sau ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eadp th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n thu nhi\u1ebfp. Theo Kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c do t\u00e2m \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a. B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 V\u0103n t\u1ef1 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, Qu\u00e1n Chi\u1ebfu b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 Th\u1eadt T\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m. B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a th\u1eddi n\u00ean n\u00eau r\u00f5 ba lo\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n
Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng: lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed, d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hai: t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u v\u0103n n\u00e0y n\u1eafm r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, sau y theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u kinh tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau, lu\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, n\u00eau Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p th\u1eadm th\u00e2m song v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a ng\u1ed9 n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n trong kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: n\u00e0y Di\u1ec7u Sanh c\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf l\u01b0u l\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a d\u1eabn v\u00e0o t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t, tuy n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, tr\u00ed s\u1edf y kh\u00f4ng sai bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m, th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb (v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t). Ng\u00e0i Th\u00e2n Quang gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb, qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec tr\u00e1i nhau. Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1000 n\u0103m, t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec7n Ch\u00ed c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n, hai l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean l\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4ng, H\u1eefu t\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p \u00fd Ph\u1eadt! 1) B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Thanh Bi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf H\u1eefu nh\u1eb1m tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu; B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp H\u1eefu b\u1ecf Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5p Kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi H\u1eefu, t\u1ee9c l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng; kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i s\u1eafc t\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng H\u1eefu thu\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh hai, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, phi h\u1eefu kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi trung \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng do \u0111\u00e2y \u01b0? H\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: b\u00e0n H\u1eefu-V\u00f4 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Th\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3 h\u01a1n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n, h\u01a1n th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa nh\u1ecb v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho n\u1ea3y sanh hi\u1ec3u sai \u00fd Ph\u1eadt sao? Do \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi ng\u1edd \u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n: 1. Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a theo B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Long M\u00e3nh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, qua di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n lai v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh an nhi\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Kim Cang thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1edbp, ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Kinh T\u01b0 \u00cdch c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ra, Trung Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9! L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng Trung Lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac n\u00f3i phi ng\u00e3, song n\u01a1i th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng phi ng\u00e3\u201d. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, do v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn theo Ch\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u00e2n lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n (gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i) do duy\u00ean sanh n\u00ean ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt h\u1eefu ch\u1eb3ng sanh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng hoa \u0111\u1ed1m gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
2. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p y Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, v\u00ec th\u1ee9c che c\u1ea3nh lu\u1eadn qu\u00e1n Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, do t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng; song t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, trong khi t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt) l\u00fd C\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Do v\u1eady, kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201ct\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p n\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Kinh B\u1ea3o T\u00edch c\u0169ng lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu b\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, Ta cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb. Lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c t\u00e1nh b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p n\u00ean Kh\u1ebf Kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh\u201d. Bi\u1ec7n Trung Bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng: \u201cdo h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng; trong kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Kh\u00f4ng, trong c\u00e1i kia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y\u201d. Cho n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng H\u1eefu \u2013 V\u00f4, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean h\u1ee3p trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf Duy Th\u1ee9c Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng b\u00e8n mang nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, song g\u1eb7p k\u1ebb ngu, gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ch\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh sai bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf b\u00e8n mang t\u00ean nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n
3. Ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c: thuy\u1ebft minh n\u0103m u\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c; n\u0103m s\u1eafc n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. S\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n – ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi s\u1eafc; th\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5, vui, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eb3ng vui v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh d\u00f9 tr\u00e1i hay thu\u1eadn n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng nam t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eef, do c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00f3, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i duy\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c (c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft), nh\u0129 v.v\u2026 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. N\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi u\u1ea9n (ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m: 1) Theo t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp (bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p) ch\u1ea5p t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng 2) T\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c (y tha kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh) n\u0103m u\u1ea9n do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 3) T\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt) : n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c theo l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00ean Trung Bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: a) U\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p b) U\u1ea9n ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c) U\u1ea9n ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh. Nay n\u00f3i theo s\u00e1ch t\u00e2n: Th\u1eadp B\u00e1t Kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00eau th\u00eam lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i. a) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b) ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c) nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0. N\u1ed9i dung n\u0103m u\u1ea9n trong ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ed9 l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng. Hai kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Theo t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i: 1) trong ba t\u00e1nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i hai tr\u1eeb vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt. Trung Lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng 2) ba t\u00e1nh, n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Lu\u1eadn Ch\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u00e2n c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt h\u1eefu, ch\u1eb3ng sanh gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Theo t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p: trong ba lo\u1ea1i u\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch ch\u00e9p: qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, tuy c\u00f3 hai cu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ch sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3i sau ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n
V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n hai n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i tha, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: 1) Kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00e1ch (n\u1ea1n) n\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch. Trong s\u00e1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p (mang theo nghi\u1ec7p), c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng chi ch\u1eb3ng kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y 3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5. Song c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 chi li l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh 8 kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0: sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t g\u1eb7p nhau kh\u1ed5, y\u00eau nhau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xa nhau: kh\u1ed5, c\u1ea7u mong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: kh\u1ed5, n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o s\u1eafc th\u00e2n th\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t: kh\u1ed5\u2026 n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra trong kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 25 c\u00f5i c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 sanh ra, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t qua b\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1eefu vi c\u1ed9ng chung th\u00e0nh 100 th\u1ee9 kh\u1ed5. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m c\u00f5i h\u1eefu, 4 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, 4 c\u00f5i \u00e1c th\u00fa, 4 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean, 4 c\u00f5i thi\u1ec1n, 1 c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, 6 tr\u1eddi c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 A na h\u00e0m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 4 \u00e1ch g\u1ed3m: mu\u1ed1n, h\u1eefu, ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh. B\u1ed1n \u00e1ch n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c tr\u00f3i ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang th\u1ecd v\u00f4 v\u00e0n s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 \u00e1ch xe (tr\u00e2u, ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o). N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch, do v\u1eady trong s\u00e1u l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu. Trong \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean trong s\u00e1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
– X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed: t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: a) ph\u1ecfng 4 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo 6 ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: a) n\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a b) lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea7n a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a: X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 L\u1ee3i Ph\u00fa \u0110a La ho\u1eb7c X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0110a La, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i l\u00e0 Thu H\u1ea1c; Ph\u1ea5t \u0110a La c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eed\u201d. \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng tinh anh nh\u01b0 chim Thu H\u1ea1c, do \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft n\u00ean l\u1ea5y t\u00ean m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7t cho con l\u00e0 Thu T\u1eed. Kinh Minh \u0110\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng, Th\u1ee9u Di\u00ean T\u1eed hay \u01afu B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 X\u00e1 do t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u00f4ng. Theo C\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch Th\u00e2n T\u1eed l\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00ec sao Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed (Ph\u1ea5t) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Theo Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 10,000 m\u00f4n tam mu\u1ed9i, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt, \u00fd Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n s\u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111a v\u0103n (nghe hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng). Trong 16 h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt do v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng ai s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp m\u1ed9t X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t n\u0103m m\u1edbi 8 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u00fd v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, si\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ai h\u01a1n. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, k\u1ebb h\u00e8n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed, l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec3u tr\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
– S\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc: \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: a) m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u v\u00e0 b) b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n lu\u1eadn b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, Kh\u00f4ng chia th\u00e0nh 2 lo\u1ea1i: 1. Sanh kh\u00f4ng 2. Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1ea5t sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: a) ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, trong s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba Kinh Du Gi\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, v\u00f4 vi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf (c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4\u201d. b) ch\u1ea5p sanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. c) kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf bao h\u00e0m h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t Kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng h\u1eefu l\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n 6 r\u1eb1ng, bi\u1ec7t Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf. d) c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m chung l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e3, t\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c kinh thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, tuy c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i y n\u01a1i ba t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 l\u00fd bao h\u00e0m ba kh\u00f4ng. 1) Gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng 2) T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng 3) Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng. Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean l\u1ea5y ba t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng. Tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u0103n t\u1eeb song l\u1ea5y l\u00fd m\u00e0 suy r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u00ean. Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 18 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Th\u1eadp B\u00e1t Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn. Y c\u1ee9 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 16, 17, 18 ho\u1eb7c 20 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, xem kinh \u1ea5y h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. Nay y ba t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u; trong b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u: n\u00eau r\u00f5 t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u sau: \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i nghi t\u00ecnh: s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng, cho hay t\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c ch\u00e2n; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c s\u1eafc n\u00eau r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c t\u1ee5c, sau \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i nghi t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m y n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c \u01b0? V\u00ec h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng (t\u01b0\u1edbng) cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. S\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. Y c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn l\u00fd T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hai ph\u1ea7n: 1. theo Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ba t\u00e1nh. Nay n\u00f3i s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, b\u00e0n t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n lai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; y c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Trung Lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 ! Sau b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 hai t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p H\u1eefu n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c (y tha kh\u1edfi) nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2 huy\u1ec5n, do duy\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng hoa \u0111\u1ed1m t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Theo H\u1eefu t\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: gi\u1eefa hai t\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3 hai t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00eca t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1eefu – V\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi h\u00ed lu\u1eadn. H\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ? M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ngay \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e8n ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c th\u1ec3, ch\u1ea5p c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn (n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f9a). B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u: 1. ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u y ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft t\u1ee9 c\u00fa n\u00f3i c\u00f3 – kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o hai ph\u00e1p y c\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i c\u00f3 – kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u00e0n). Song t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng chung (t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng). T\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 do tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ed n\u00f3i l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu m\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ed n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng chung r\u1ed3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i ch\u1ed3i, l\u00e1 xanh v.v\u2026 m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t. Do s\u1ef1 vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c danh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u00e0u xanh tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng chung m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecfi m\u00e0u xanh ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v.v\u2026 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i xanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0u xanh, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 che khu\u1ea5t t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 che khu\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n hai thuy\u1ebft: a) T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y danh l\u00e0m danh; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p, gi\u1eef nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n b) T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn: \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00eca danh ng\u00f4n; trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00ean thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. V\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e2y. Do v\u1eady T\u00f4n H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1 t\u00f4n Thanh Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu y ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng b\u00e8n th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ef1c th\u00f4 n\u00ean m\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n Ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai bi\u1ec7t. Do \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u00ean trong l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i c\u00f3 – kh\u00f4ng v.v\u2026 thuy\u1ebft minh \u0111\u1ec1u che m\u1ea5t ch\u1ed7 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, xa r\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh h\u00fd lu\u1eadn. D\u1ef1a t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. 2. Y t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 c\u00fa: s\u1eafc c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba t\u00e1nh, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong Bi\u1ec7n Trung Bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: 1. v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e1nh ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 2. d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c. 3. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. Hai Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp: s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ra trong t\u1ee9 c\u00fa c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: 1. \u0110em ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. T\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean cho s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng, theo t\u00ecnh li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e2y xem t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 2 c\u00e2u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
2. Ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. Ph\u1ee5 theo t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1eadt s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt Kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y, ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1eafc n\u00ean n\u00f3i Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u1ea5y hai c\u00e2u l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
3. Ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1eafc n\u00ean n\u00f3i s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc l\u1ea5y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u hai c\u00e2u l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c t\u00e1nh y tha t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh. Song t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e2y xem t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 nhau nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e2u kinh n\u00eau l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c duy\u00ean sanh s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 – kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a hai trong t\u1ee9 c\u00fa. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong t\u1ee9 c\u00fa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh s\u1eafc l\u1ea5y d\u1ee5ng Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Song c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng T\u00e1nh kia ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u00e1nh\u201d L\u1ea1i Trung Bi\u00ean Lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ctrong \u0111\u00f3 duy ch\u1ec9 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kia n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y\u201d. Do \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i duy\u00ean sanh Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i tu\u1edbng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i m\u1ea5t t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecb t\u00e1nh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u hai c\u00e2u l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. T\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u2013 H\u1eefu trong t\u1ee9 c\u00fa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc, v\u00ec th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. Ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i Kh\u00f4ng. Do l\u00fd n\u00e0y n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. \u0110\u00e2y xem t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e2u kinh n\u00eau l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
– Th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u, m\u00e0 t\u1ee9 c\u00fa n\u00eau l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. Ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed5n: m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cth\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e2n v\u00e2n v\u00ec c\u1ee9 theo kinh v\u0103n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi, duy\u00ean b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n\u2026 ngo\u00e0i ra n\u0103m ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u01a1i t\u1ee9 c\u00fa n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u00e2n v\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u1eady. S\u00e1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eb3n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
– N\u00e0y X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m: t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i ph\u1ea7n hai d\u1ef1a theo s\u00e1u ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ecfng theo s\u00e1u ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y s\u00e1u m\u00f4n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o. Hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i T\u1eed nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. S\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. Song s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y theo T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: a) gi\u1ea3i theo Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n b) gi\u1ea3i theo Ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p. Theo t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 Ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh, t\u1ea1m c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. Lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 D\u1ee5ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng, theo ph\u00e1p tan ho\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ba ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau: c\u00e2u n\u00e0y b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ba \u00fd, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tu t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca c\u00e1i sanh di\u1ec7t l\u0103n x\u0103n, trong khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c d\u01a1 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 sau khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ea3 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 – d\u1ee5ng, t\u0103ng – gi\u1ea3m. 1. C\u00e2u tr\u00ean ph\u1ecfng theo t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ba: a) t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp (bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p), b\u1ea3n lai v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng sanh ch\u1eb3ng di\u1ec7t, b) t\u00e1nh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c (y tha kh\u1edfi) theo duy\u00ean sanh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, c) t\u00e1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt) v\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. N\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba t\u00e1nh, s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c t\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chung trong ba t\u00e1nh ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Trong ba t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, h\u1ee3p b\u1ed5n t\u00f4ng n\u00ean theo t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 l\u00fd ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c H\u1eefu – V\u00f4 v.v\u2026 nh\u01b0 kinh thuy\u1ebft ba t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng sanh di\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng chung h\u1eefu vi d\u1eebng \u1edf d\u01a1 s\u1ea1ch; b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p: t\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m n\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ba t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1eefu m\u00e0 \u00fd kinh n\u00eau l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng: sanh – ph\u00e1p nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd chung c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00ea ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y.<\/p>\n
– V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c: t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i y ph\u1ea7n hai kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a. S\u00e1u ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m s\u00e1u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecf chung hai c\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eebng \u1edf ba m\u00f4n hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecf ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, n\u00ean n\u00f3i ba th\u1eeba c\u00f3 chung c\u1ea3nh. Y ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh tr\u00ean t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh; do v\u1eady ba m\u00f4n sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec h\u00e0ng Thanh V\u0103n Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, v\u00ec Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh, v\u00ec ch\u00fang B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p L\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p: c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n hai c\u1ee7a 12 x\u1ee9, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a 12 x\u1ee9, ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba m\u00f4n: a) Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ra hai l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 ba th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh. N\u00f3i n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 hai \u00fd n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp hai ph\u00e1p: sanh kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p sanh kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 Duy Th\u1ee9c Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cy \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i 12 x\u1ee9 trong s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 do hai ph\u00e1p s\u00e1u (s\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y cho ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i 12 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n, H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ng\u1eabm. b) Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb 12 x\u1ee9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 chung v\u00e0 sau gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung 12 x\u1ee9. Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean con s\u1ed1 12, x\u1ee9 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ee9c s\u00e1u c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng (8 t\u00e2m) v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf(2) n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ee9. Trong s\u00e1u c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Sau gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang danh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 trong lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0, quy\u1ec3n ba cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1eafc: qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n (m\u1eaft). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe l\u00e0 nh\u1ec9 (tai), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 do tai nghe hay ng\u1eedi c\u00e1c m\u00f9i l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 (m\u0169i), hay tr\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua s\u1ef1 m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t (l\u01b0\u1ee1i), \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u0103n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i l\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdc trang s\u1ee9c th\u00e2n t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng sanh ra, c\u1ea7n m\u01b0u sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00fd. Con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft n\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng ng\u0103n che l\u00e0 s\u1eafc; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00edch nghi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i do nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng. L\u00eca ch\u1ea5t \u1ea9n h\u00ecnh hay theo gi\u00f3 tho\u1ea3ng mang \u0111i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 cay, \u0111\u1eafng, m\u1eb7n, l\u1ea1t l\u00e0 m\u00f9i. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac, hay bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec do \u00fd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
c) Hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3: nh\u00e3n c\u0103n t\u1ee9c c\u0103n m\u1eaft nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y l\u1ea5y t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n cho ch\u00ed nh\u0129 c\u0103n n\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tai (nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c) l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf y l\u1ea5y t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc l\u00e0m th\u1ec3; \u00fd c\u0103n chung l\u1ea5y 8 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o nh\u00e3n c\u0103n r\u1ed3i b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y 25 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 cho l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. 25 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn, vu\u00f4ng, tr\u00f2n, th\u00f4, t\u1ebf, cao, th\u1ea5p, ngang, xi\u00ean, quang ph\u1ed5(3), s\u00e1ng, t\u1ed1i, m\u00e2y, kh\u00f3i, b\u1ee5i, s\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc (c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 vi tr\u1ea7n), bi\u1ebfn s\u1eafc (s\u1eafc n\u00eau ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), h\u1ed3i bi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. Thanh c\u00f3 12 lo\u1ea1i: ti\u1ebfng (t\u00ean chung ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb nghe c\u1ee7a nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c), ti\u1ebfng v\u1eeba \u00fd, ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd, ti\u1ebfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfng chung lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu-v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp), ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh ng\u00f4n, ti\u1ebfng vang. H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 6 lo\u1ea1i: m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, m\u00f9i h\u00f4i, m\u00f9i kh\u00f4ng th\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng h\u00f4i, m\u00f9i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sanh, m\u00f9i do ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, m\u00f9i do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sanh. V\u1ecb c\u00f3 12 nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1eafng, chua, cay, ng\u1ecdt, m\u1eb7n, l\u1ea1t, v\u1ecb v\u1eeba \u00fd, v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd, v\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sanh, v\u1ecb h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p do ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, v\u1ecb do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. X\u00fac c\u00f3 26 lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, tr\u01a1n, nh\u00e1m, nh\u1eb9, n\u1eb7ng, m\u1ec1m, h\u01b0\u1ee1n, g\u1ea5p, l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, d\u01a1, no, , s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1i, r\u1ea7u, gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a, m\u1ec7t, th\u1edf, m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft. N\u0103m tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft n\u00eau l\u00ean ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang. X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 100 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 82 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 51 m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9, v\u00ec s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u00f3 24 m\u00f3n, v\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 6 y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft. L\u1ea5y 88 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 2 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n gi\u1edbi cho ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp 18 gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba m\u00f4n: 1) l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecf l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y 2) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb 3) n\u00eau l\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
1. L\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p s\u1eafc, t\u00e2m cho l\u00e0 Ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 c\u0103n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i 18 gi\u1edbi. 2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb: tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung, sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ri\u00eang. N\u00f3i chung 18 gi\u1edbi, 18 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1, gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 18 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n con s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: s\u00e1u c\u0103n, s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, v\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: theo c\u1ea3nh g\u1ecdi s\u1eafc th\u1ee9c hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec t\u00f9y c\u1ea3nh g\u1ecdi t\u00ean thu\u1eadn ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft; theo c\u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c cho ch\u00ed \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f9y c\u0103n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m c\u0103n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00fd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong s\u00e1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch y c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c, quy\u1ec3n 5 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, sau x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 th\u1ec3, m\u1eaft v.v\u2026 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 12 x\u1ee9. M\u1eaft, tai v.v\u2026. s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c trong 100 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3; m\u1eaft, tai v.v\u2026 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh; xem c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft v\u00f4 minh cho ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh, song duy\u00ean sanh n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: 1. L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n 2. Ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t. Do v\u00f4 minh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh cho ch\u00ed do sanh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho l\u00e3o t\u1eed; do v\u1eady tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 v\u00e0nh tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y n\u00ean Kinh thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 minh cho ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Do l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t l\u00e0m cho v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho ch\u00ed do sanh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean l\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ed n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t. N\u01a1i t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t n\u00ean Kinh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft v\u00f4 minh cho ch\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft\u201d. T\u1ea1i sao kinh n\u00e0y n\u00eau ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi gi\u1ed1ng kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa ? V\u00ec c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c n\u00ean n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh, nh\u01b0ng duy\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3. Song ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Nay gi\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: gi\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb, n\u00eau r\u00f5 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ebf l\u1eadp. Gi\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung v\u00e0 sau gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang. Gi\u1ea3i chung g\u1ecdi 12 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t con s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kinh Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i do duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c sanh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Theo Lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0, nh\u00e2n danh qu\u1ea3 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean trong s\u00e1u l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i thay s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i. Sau \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7t danh trong ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, k\u1ebb ph\u01b0\u1edbc ba nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, m\u1ea1t na, a l\u1ea1i da t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eafc v.v\u2026 chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc, 6 c\u0103n, m\u1eaft, tai\u2026 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tim v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 (l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp), bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, vui, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng vui \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 x\u00fac. Ba c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd d\u00f9 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, do t\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ecdi \u1ea3nh s\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u00e1i, ham mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n ch\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c vin l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 th\u1ee7; c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c hay chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m sanh kh\u1edfi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu. Th\u1ee9c v.v\u2026 n\u0103m c\u0103n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng nay b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh, n\u0103m c\u0103n suy hao bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a. 1. D\u1eabn kh\u1edfi sanh ra sai bi\u1ec7t 2. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh 3. Hi\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
1) D\u1eabn kh\u1edfi sanh ra sai bi\u1ec7t: do v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn th\u1ee9c \u0111i th\u1ecd sanh trong n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ee9c v.v\u2026 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u00f4i d\u1eabn b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ed1i cho \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu, ba t\u00ean l\u00e0 sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd sanh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed. Sanh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecb sanh, v\u00ec \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i sanh<\/p>\n
2) Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hay ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ba ph\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 chi v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n sau. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m (A l\u1ea1i da) l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c chi th\u1ec3, tr\u1eeb ba nh\u00e2n sau; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 3 nh\u00e2n sau. Ba lo\u1ea1i sau c\u00f3 danh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, t\u1ee9c h\u00e0m chung n\u0103m th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u01a1n l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A l\u1ea1i da ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ngo\u00e0i ba th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i 6 x\u1ee9 (l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp) v\u00ec hay l\u01b0u nhu\u1eadn n\u01a1i s\u00e1u m\u00f3n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed: tham d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u00e1i, \u00e1i duy\u00ean \u00e1i l\u1ea1i sanh ham mu\u1ed1n v.v\u2026 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e2y theo lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n 10 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi t\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi tham d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 th\u00e2n. C\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u01a1i s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ec1 sau chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu. Th\u1ee9c v.v.. thu\u1ed9c n\u0103m th\u1ee9c sanh qu\u1ea3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eadt h\u1eefu ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3m, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh, cho t\u1edbi khi suy hao, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 l\u00e3o, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 tan ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n
3) Hi\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 2 ngh\u0129a: a) y c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd b) t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh. T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ee9t nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh. Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 minh c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: a) chi t\u1eed b) chi qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o t\u1eed n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00fd sanh – l\u00e3o – t\u1eed, duy hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed. Th\u1ee9c v.v\u2026 s\u00e1u chi ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 minh c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 chi \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1u chung ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
3) Ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ebf l\u1eadp trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a: 1. Ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ebf l\u1eadp: nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 8 n\u00eau h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ecb l\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp chi ri\u00eang ? \u0110\u00e1p: v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu n\u00ean g\u00e1 theo t\u1eed l\u1eadp chi.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: B\u1ecbnh sao kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp chi? \u0110\u00e1p: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo. L\u00e3o b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebfn n\u00ean l\u1eadp chi, tr\u1eeb phi sanh n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f5i th\u00fa nh\u01b0 y\u00eau ma c\u00f3 chung k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u suy ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: danh s\u1eafc b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1edb chi l\u1eadp chi?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: V\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean l\u1eadp chi. Thai sanh, lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, lo\u00e0i sanh n\u01a1i \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, lo\u00e0i h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0 s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 (l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb n\u00ean mang danh s\u1eafc. L\u1ea1i chi danh s\u1eafc c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp h\u1eefu s\u1eafc th\u1ec3. Lo\u00e0i h\u00f3a sanh l\u00fac m\u1edbi th\u1ecd sanh tuy c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m c\u0103n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 D\u1ee5ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp v\u00ec l\u00fac m\u1edbi sanh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u00fd c\u0103n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00ean ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: \u00c1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1eefu th\u00e0 l\u1eadp chi ri\u00eang sanh n\u01a1i c\u00f5i \u00e1c h\u01a1n ch\u1eb3ng \u00e1i ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: V\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb n\u00ean l\u1eadp ri\u00eang ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng hay c\u00f3 sanh c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Tuy kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p kia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i. L\u1ea1i \u00e1i bi\u1ebfn sanh n\u01a1i \u00e1c th\u00fa, hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i v\u1eady, theo ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u \u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o \u00e1c th\u00fa. Kinh ghi r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
2. M\u1edf hi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c chi c\u00f3 2 ph\u1ea7n: a) d\u1eabn s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd sanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1edf hi\u1ec7p b) l\u01b0u l\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1edf hi\u1ec7p. D\u1eabn \u0111i th\u1ecd sanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, v\u1eady do duy\u00ean n\u00e0o sanh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed ? Ch\u1ed7 d\u1eabn th\u1ecd sanh ri\u00eang l\u1eadp th\u1ee9c v.v\u2026 n\u0103m chi do v\u00ec kh\u00e9o nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecd m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u0103m chi ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean l\u1eadp chung hai chi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ba kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ri\u00eang nhu\u1ea7n kh\u1eafp, nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y d\u1eabn. Duy\u00ean n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp chung v\u00f4 minh th\u1ea5m nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang trong y\u00eau ch\u1ea5p. Tuy c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u nhu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 minh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. L\u1ef1c v\u00f4 minh t\u0103ng do 11 vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb duy\u00ean r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c \u00e1i c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m hay sanh ch\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ph\u00e2n \u00e1i ch\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh hai kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u00f4 minh, ba gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ecb c\u00f3 hai: 1) gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f5i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 2) gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea5t (c\u00f5i) dung ch\u1ee9a mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo t\u1ef1, tha l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Y theo tha v\u00f4 minh nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 minh h\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1, n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi n\u00f3i tr\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c chi n\u00e0o, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f4 minh \u1ea5y do ch\u01b0a kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi b\u00e0n ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3 10 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 2 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eddi. Trong b\u1ea3y nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean 2, 3 v\u00e0 7 h\u1eb3n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eddi. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 xoay v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng (ki\u1ebfn) gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh hai v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e3i qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng y tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t B\u00e0 \u0110a cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 2 v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft minh.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o: ph\u1ea7n 5 n\u00e0y b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft minh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u01b0 kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 Thanh V\u0103n n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf. Trong kinh n\u00e0y v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, song t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba m\u1ee5c: 1. gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb, 2. n\u00eau th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh 3. lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb: tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung sau l\u00e0 ri\u00eang, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean chung b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u00eau con s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 n\u00eau: a) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b) do ngh\u0129a l\u00eca n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00fd, x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 thay s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean bi\u1ebft. N\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng chung, b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0: 1. Kh\u1ed5 2. T\u1eadp 3. Di\u1ec7t 4. \u0110\u1ea1o. Ba kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, hay chi\u00eau l\u1ea5y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp, h\u1ebft t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, hay tr\u1eeb hay th\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
2. N\u00eau th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh: kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n hay chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf, tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 l\u1eadu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. 3. Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau: ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 2 hay 3, nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 2 g\u1ed3m: 1.th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c 2. th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a. N\u01a1i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau h\u1ebft. Theo nh\u01b0 Kinh Th\u1eafng Man c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: 1. H\u1eefu t\u00e1c 2. V\u00f4 t\u00e1c (kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c). Do phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3m n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n sanh; ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, hay chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf. Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp \u1ea5y h\u1ebft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, qu\u00e1n sanh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf. Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 l\u1eadu nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0m duy\u00ean chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb sanh. B\u1ecb chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m th\u1ee9c d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf hay chi\u00eau c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf. C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, tr\u00ed qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: \u0110\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd sanh; th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i sao kinh n\u00f3i v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 duy\u00ean?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Theo Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 8 thuy\u1ebft minh: \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 duy\u00ean. \u0110\u00fang ra nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea3m qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd n\u00ean c\u00e0ng th\u1eafng c\u00e0ng di\u1ec7u l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i s\u1ed1 3, hai lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Trung Bi\u00ean lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 8 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee3 phi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 6: ph\u00e1p tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9. \u01a0\u00fb \u0111\u00e2y Kinh n\u00e0y v\u00ec hi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n, song tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: a) do nh\u00e2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 b) c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c cho r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3, tuy c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a sau h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00eau B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
– V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc (ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a n\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i: t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf \u0111i 3 ph\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai: tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 sau d\u1eabn n\u00eau th\u00ed d\u1ee5. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 sau hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n h\u1eefu trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n ra ba: v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc n\u00ean b\u00e0n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ly t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed9, sau l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. K\u1ebf B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00fd s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed bi n\u00e0y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. Sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a n\u00ean t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n h\u1eefu, d\u1ecbch \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, n\u00ean bi\u1ebft B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh trong hu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: ch\u1ed7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed l\u1ea7m hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng. \u00dd n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng. L\u00eca s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu d\u1ecb sanh n\u01a1i nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba \u0111o\u1ea1n hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 hai Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
– Kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0m r\u00f5 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: xa l\u00eca h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy c\u00f3 hai cu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n sau l\u00e0 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: 1) kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ee9. Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n nh\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 5 th\u1ee9 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1. s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng 2. s\u1ee3 \u00f4 danh 3, s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft 4. s\u1ee3 c\u00f5i \u00e1c 5. s\u1ee3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9 s\u1ee3 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 trong l\u00fac tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xa l\u00eca h\u1eb3n, \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
2) Xa l\u00eca \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ba \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 hay b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 cho r\u1eb1ng: th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c 7 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u01b0: g\u1ed3m chung hai quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u00ean hay 8 \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ed3m: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh cho l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 l\u1ea1c cho l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 cho l\u00e0 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n
3) T\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 cho t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
4) V\u00ec ngh\u0129 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 vui, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3. B\u1ea3y \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean, t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1ed1n l\u00fd ch\u00e2n khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 l\u1ea1c \u2013 ng\u00e3 \u2013 t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 l\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
3. Xa l\u00eca m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 xa l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 8 th\u1ee9 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Kinh Du Gi\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 8 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, do ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00f3 ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 a) t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh b) ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c) tham – s\u00e2n – si. Do tham, s\u00e2n si n\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p sanh ra ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 c\u00f5i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 – c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong sanh t\u1eed. T\u1ea7m, t\u01b0 v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 2 t\u00e2m s\u1edf d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 8 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 Du Gi\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 36 cho r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngu xem hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 8 ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hay chuy\u1ec3n qua ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sanh, lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sinh t\u1ed3n. T\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
1. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1nh ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc, thanh v.v\u2026<\/p>\n
2. Sai bi\u1ec7t: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
3. Ch\u1ea5p chung: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh v.v\u2026 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh vin n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p cho r\u1eb1ng: ta, nh\u00e0 ta, qu\u00e2n ta, r\u1eebng ta\u2026.<\/p>\n
4. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Ng\u00e3 (ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ta hay \u00f4m gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n
5. Ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta chia th\u00e0nh 2 m\u00f3n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu l\u1eadu ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, t\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ta hay nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ta.<\/p>\n
6. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n
7. kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n
8. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n nhau.<\/p>\n
Theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean cho d\u00f9 hay \u0111\u1eb9p hay ch\u1eb3ng hay \u0111\u1eb9p n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Tam T\u1ea1ng th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 k\u00fd, d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c (4) ph\u00e1t hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m, t\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam ba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh ch\u1ed7 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh. K\u1ebf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hay sanh ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 sau theo ba m\u00f3n: tham, s\u00e2n, si. N\u00ean bi\u1ebft trong \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb duy\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean sanh ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn; ch\u1ea5p ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh ra tham s\u00e2n si. Do ba ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi xoay v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ed1n t\u1ea7m, t\u01b0 v.v\u2026 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. \u00dd kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00eca m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, 8 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n m\u00f4n: 1) gi\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb 2) th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh 3) ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i 4) ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
1. Gi\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb: c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch theo \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay N\u00ea Ho\u00e0n, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ecbch Di\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ba L\u1ee3i N\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea9m, ti\u1ebfng Hoa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. R\u1ed1t r\u00e1o xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a sanh t\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn gi\u1eef theo c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
2. Th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1i T\u00e1t B\u00e0 \u0110a ch\u1ecdn h\u1eefu d\u01b0, v\u00f4 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn ch\u1eef di\u1ec7t l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Theo ph\u00e1i Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9: phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u01b0 y, qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y. Gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00ea l\u1ea7m bao h\u00e0m di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m t\u00e1nh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1i \u0110\u00e0m V\u00f4 S\u1ea5m cho r\u1eb1ng: b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u1eebng th\u0103m th\u1eb3m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf Tam T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i: trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
3. Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n lai v\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt h\u1ebft. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo Tam T\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n d\u00f9ng Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 10 cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, b\u00e1t nh\u00e3, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ba vi\u1ec7c; th\u00e0nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u1eef ch\u1ed7 th\u00e0nh l\u00eca ch\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9ng Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: a) tr\u01b0\u1edbc – sau t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecdn bao h\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. a) tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b) sau ba \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m lu\u00f4n di\u1ec7t. Tuy c\u00f3 hai thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n sau l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh hay t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9. Hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i hai s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau: 1. T\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n 2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u01b0: 1. T\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n 2. H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n 3. V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n 4. V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 10 ghi r\u1eb1ng, ngh\u0129a ri\u00eang Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: 1. B\u1ea3n lai t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, tuy b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c vi di\u1ec7u, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng \u1ea5y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
2. H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng, tuy c\u00f3 kh\u1ed7 vi t\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 y ch\u01b0a di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i h\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec5n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n 3.V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i sanh t\u1eed, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, ch\u1ed7 d\u01b0 y c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. 4. V\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng (5), t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi, b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 lu\u00f4n b\u1ed5 sung nhau, do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n trong sanh t\u1eed, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai, d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb Th\u1eeba v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
4) Ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Tuy kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt y nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c y kh\u1ed5 d\u1ee9t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 y n\u01a1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u01b0 y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: H\u1eefu d\u01b0, V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y c\u1ee7a Thanh V\u0103n sao c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i H\u1eefu nh\u01b0 kinh Th\u1eafng Man gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 n\u01a1i cho r\u1eb1ng kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m h\u01a1n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng Thanh V\u0103n th\u00e2n t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f2n b\u1ecb s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u1ed5 y ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t n\u00ean ngh\u0129a vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a Thanh V\u0103n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ebft l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 l\u00fd H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. L\u00fac ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n n\u00ean n\u00f3i Thanh V\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 V\u00f4 D\u01b0 y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i sau khi th\u00e2n di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng y \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 kinh d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: C\u00e1c s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m sanh sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: S\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea9n n\u00fap ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n l\u00fd ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng ng\u0103n ch\u01b0\u1edbng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n sao \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t l\u00eca bu\u1ed9c tr\u00f3i hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: \u0110\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t, chung kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00e1nh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. C\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
– Ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La m\u1eadt \u0111a n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c: t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn d\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai: a) x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 b) ph\u1ecfng ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 chia ra th\u00e0nh ba ti\u1ebft: ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3. Ba \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eebng c\u00f3, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ba \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3, c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1eebng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ba \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng ba \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: 1. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed ba \u0111\u1eddi 2. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd ba \u0111\u1eddi 3. Duy th\u1ee9c ba \u0111\u1eddi. Ba \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, mi\u1ec5n sao ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0 (Buddha) l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9) bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. N\u0103m ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 hai tr\u00ed: nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i tr\u00ed 2) l\u00eca hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng: phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng. 3) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai t\u01b0\u1edbng: nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng. 4) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hai l\u1ee3i: t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha. 5) \u0111\u1ee7 hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u01b0 t\u0129nh c\u01a1n m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 hoa sen n\u1edf. Ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. K\u1ebf y B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5, ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c: n\u00eau r\u00f5 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u1eeb B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 A l\u00e0 v\u00f4, N\u1eadu \u0110a La l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Tam l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, Mi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tam l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o; c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch A l\u00e0 v\u00f4, n\u1eadu \u0111a la l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tam l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, mi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn, tam l\u00e0 tri, B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. Tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00fd duy\u00ean ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn. Tr\u00ed v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t hai v\u00f4 tri l\u00e0 tri. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n m\u01a1 ng\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. B\u1ed1n tr\u00ed n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang Tam T\u1ea1ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: A l\u00e0 V\u00f4, N\u1eadu \u0110a La l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tam l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, mi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tam l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o qua n\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00fd s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng, l\u00eca v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2n n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: N\u00eau t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n d\u1ee5 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng duy ch\u1ec9 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng tr\u00e1i nhau ?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ed l\u00eca hai \u0111\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a, l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ba ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t: a) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb b) ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n
a) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb: ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ba th\u1eeba m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c tr\u00ed song song ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
b) Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: a) Y th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3, b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 10 lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 b) T\u01b0\u1edbng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn c\u00f3 ba: 1) tr\u00ed \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng nh\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n tr\u00ed 2) \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Lu\u1eadn Du Gi\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba ghi r\u1eb1ng, \u0110o\u1ea1n hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1. Lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y n\u00f3i d\u1ee9t hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed; t\u01b0\u1edbng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed. Ba ho\u1eb7c hai th\u00e2n chung ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng ba th\u00e2n l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i tr\u00ed th\u1ec3 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 tr\u00ed, t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u00ean m\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba ho\u1eb7c n\u0103m ph\u00e1p chung d\u00f9ng n\u0103m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba n\u00f3i c\u00f3 n\u0103m ph\u00e1p bao nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecba. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. Kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba cho ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. Theo nh\u01b0 Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c n\u00ean cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c. Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft minh: tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ed x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n
c) Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4n: tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed, sau lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ba th\u00e2n. N\u00f3i b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m ti\u1ebft: 1) n\u00eau danh l\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 2) chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed 3) c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng 4) ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb duy\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t 5) m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
1. N\u00eau danh l\u1ed9 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n
a) \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed: c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n. Y ch\u1ec9 g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ed Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng th\u1ebf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1eadp t\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 11 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba thuy\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n
b) B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed: h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tha \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, do ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp danh n\u00ean g\u1ecdi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 10 ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 trong kinh gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m l\u00e0m th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
c) Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ed: t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00e9o qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1, c\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang, t\u01b0\u1edbng chung) do d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp danh g\u1ecdi t\u00ean n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t trong 10 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kinh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00e0m th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
d) Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed: Hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ba nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ed7 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do d\u1ee5ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed, n\u00eau 10 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trong kinh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00e0m th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
2. Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed: Kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba quy\u1ec3n 3 ghi r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 hai thuy\u1ebft: a) Chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8 th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh Tr\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng T\u00e1nh Tr\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u th\u00e0nh Di\u1ec7u Quan S\u00e1t Tr\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh S\u1edf T\u00e1c Tr\u00ed. b) Thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai cho l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh S\u1edf T\u00e1c Tr\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n 5 th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh Di\u1ec7u Quan S\u00e1t Tr\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tr\u1eeb d\u1ee9t nghi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn quan s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u0169 quan h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. V\u00f4 T\u00e1nh Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn kia c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Trang Nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c quy\u1ec3n 10 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba nh\u01b0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
3. C\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: nh\u1ee9t nh\u1ee9t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 21 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (th\u00edch h\u1ee3p), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 5 m\u00f3n, t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 5 m\u00f3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f3 11 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
4. Ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb duy\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t: Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 2 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: a) Duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 chung duy\u00ean v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, tuy c\u00f3 hai thuy\u1ebft. b) Th\u1eafng: duy th\u1ee9c, quy\u1ec3n 10 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i gi\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean; c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 trong Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba. B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng T\u00e1nh Tr\u00ed: c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba v\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00eau 3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: a) ch\u1ec9 duy\u00ean t\u00e1m t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c b) ch\u1ec9 duy\u00ean ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c) duy\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 2 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean n\u00eau. Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ed duy\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng tranh lu\u1eadn, Th\u00e0nh S\u1edf T\u00e1c Tr\u00ed c\u00f3 hai thuy\u1ebft: a) ch\u1ec9 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b) duy\u00ean h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ba \u0111\u1eddi. Thuy\u1ebft sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 hai lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n
5. Ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi sai bi\u1ec7t: Theo Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh Tr\u00ed l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kim cang, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1eb3ng T\u00e1nh Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ban s\u01a1, Di\u1ec7u Quan S\u00e1t Tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng T\u00e2m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u1edf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh ban s\u01a1, Th\u00e0nh S\u1edf T\u00e1c Tr\u00ed c\u00f3 hai l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: a) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh b) Khi \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi. Ngh\u0129a sau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1m ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 7 ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n
1) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch danh t\u1eeb 2) Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh 3) N\u0103m ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m th\u00e2n 4) Th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng 5) H\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf 6) Ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c 7) Y c\u00f5i sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
1) Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chung sau gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ri\u00eang, N\u00f3i ba th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, ba l\u00e0 n\u00eau con s\u1ed1, th\u00e2n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba \u00fd: th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh \u2013 y theo \u2013 t\u1ee5 k\u1ebft. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n 10 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ba th\u00e2n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: th\u1ec3, y, t\u1ee5 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 th\u00e2n. Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba quy\u1ec3n 7 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng trong 6 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 sau c\u00f3 t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang ba th\u00e2n: a) t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh; \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 \u00fay, ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n b) Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n hay l\u00e0m cho t\u1ef1, tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng. c) Bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00fang sanh Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
2) Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh: Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n d\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m th\u1ec3, th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n d\u00f9ng b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trong n\u0103m ph\u00e1p sau ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5.<\/p>\n
3) N\u0103m ph\u00e1p bao h\u00e0m th\u00e2n: theo Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ebfp n\u00eau tr\u00ean m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n h\u00e0m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n; th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed, h\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 kinh n\u00f3i, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0. Kinh Kim Quang Minh, Kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba, lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c A L\u1ea1i Da th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n; \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean C\u1ea3nh Tr\u00ed, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m n\u00ean bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 hai nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh; Nhi\u1ebfp lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Trang nghi\u00eam lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh. Kinh n\u00e0y thuy\u1ebft minh: Th\u00e0nh S\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thay \u0111\u1ed5i, lu\u1eadn Trang nghi\u00eam thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 bao h\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o n\u00f3i x\u1ee9. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft minh hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 (c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh). T\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m an l\u1ea1c th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n n\u00f3i x\u1ee9. Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y; t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn Ph\u1eadt hay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e2n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang sanh d\u1ee9t nghi, nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn Trang nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong hai thuy\u1ebft bao nhi\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m tr\u00ed th\u00f9 th\u1eafng n\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn ngh\u0129a th\u00f9 th\u1eafng n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng chung v\u1edbi h\u1eefu v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n) B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng vi t\u1ebf h\u00e0m trong th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0m trong bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. C\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 thanh t\u1ecbnh. Do v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u00e1p th\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/p>\n
Qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn tr\u00ean cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh. Lu\u1eadn Trang nghi\u00eam thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n. Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n. Song n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9c A L\u1ea1i Da \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ed vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. L\u1ea1i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
a- T\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n trong ba v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp do tu t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
b- Tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u00ean b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng chung h\u1eefu v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a l\u00e0m th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n. Kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u thuy\u1ebft minh r\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 do bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed, hay kh\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n. Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ba th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed th\u00f9 th\u1eafng bao h\u00e0m ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng; h\u00f3a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed n\u00ean n\u00f3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m tr\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sai. Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
4) Th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n
H\u1ecfi: Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng ?<\/p>\n
– \u0110\u00e1p: Do ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u01a1ng hai s\u1edf y th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0103n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Lu\u1eadn Trang Nghi\u00eam thuy\u1ebft minh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: 1. b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n, v\u00ec th\u00e2n n\u00e0y b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa 2. B\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n 3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
5) H\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf: t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf ra sao, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n. Th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, ch\u1eb3ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf ra sao. N\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7. S\u1eafc c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: a) s\u1eafc th\u1eadt, b) s\u1eafc bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3i s\u1eafc th\u1eadt v\u00ec trong ba v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp tu t\u1eadp sanh ra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1eafc bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a do l\u1ef1c bi nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ti\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n h\u00f3a th\u00e2n chung v\u1edbi s\u1eafc hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc; n\u00f3 phi s\u1eafc v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. S\u1eafc b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ch\u1ed7 h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n xem \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n
6) Ch\u1ed7 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau: Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ecba lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang sanh ph\u00e1p c\u1ed9ng (chung) hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng (kh\u00f4ng chung) v\u00e0 n\u00eau ra ba l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n
a) Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, h\u1ea1nh, nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
b) B\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng (kh\u00f4ng chung) v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i t\u00f9y b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n
c) Nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 chung v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng chung (b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng) t\u1eeb th\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn. Theo Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ed1 3 tr\u00ean, xem ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n
7) Y c\u00f5i \u2013 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 – sai kh\u00e1c: Theo Th\u00e0nh Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn, th\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n, tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n; qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0: t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ef1 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng, tha th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n tr\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u1edf b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 (c\u00f5i) kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 n\u00f3i gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1edf. Bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1edf c\u00f5i u\u1ebf n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n
– N\u00ean bi\u1ebft b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u00fa, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00fa: t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00eau ch\u1ed7 D\u1ee5ng t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00e1i h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai: a) tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng theo v\u0103n xu\u00f4i b) n\u00eau b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 k\u1ebft l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n. Ph\u1ea7n (a) c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: 1) N\u00f3i r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i 2) B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i tha. \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i qua t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i: b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fa n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fa thu\u1eadt, minh t\u1ee9c di\u1ec7u hu\u1ec7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9ng Kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, vi di\u1ec7u, thu\u1eadt n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ch\u00fa ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00e1i D\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n, th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, x\u00f3a m\u00ea tr\u1eeb si g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u00fa. Si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i 2 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n
– Hay tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0, c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n hai, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i D\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i tha, n\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7u hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ed5 sanh t\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n an l\u1ea1c, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i, t\u01a1 t\u00f3c giao ti\u1ebfp c\u00f2n b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u1eddi th\u1eadt hu\u1ed1ng chi che \u0111\u1eady n\u01a1i 3000 c\u00f5i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 Kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u2013 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
– Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i ch\u00fa B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a, li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng: V\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t nhanh l\u00ean, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t nhanh g\u1ea5p, v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Sa b\u00e0 ha ! C\u00e2u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u1edf ph\u1ea7n hai n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 k\u1ebft th\u00fac l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai \u00fd: d\u00f9ng v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u2013 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i – n\u00eau l\u00e0m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 sau d\u00f9ng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00e2u ch\u00fa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fa n\u00e0y m\u00e3i t\u1eadn b\u00ean T\u00e2y Tr\u00fac ph\u00e1t \u00e2m theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e2u l\u1eddi b\u00ed m\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u trong ch\u00fa n\u00eau t\u00ean ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt uy\u00ean th\u00e2m m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. B\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y (Trung Hoa) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u1ea5y n\u00ean gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. T\u1eeb B\u1ea1t Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt ch\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh Nam m\u00f4, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0 gia v.v.. c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba.<\/p>\n
a) Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf: d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2u ch\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n t\u1ecf \u00fd b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
b) C\u00e2u ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a\u2026 l\u00e0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n (b\u1edd kia t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1edd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t). Y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf, y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t nhanh l\u00ean. T\u1eeb ba la nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a, t\u0103ng y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, n\u00f3i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u1edd b\u00ean kia, t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
c) Sa b\u00e0 ha d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do di\u1ec7u hu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng hay nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd gi\u00e1c. L\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u chia th\u00e0nh hai \u0111o\u1ea1n: 2 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ecfng theo ph\u00e1p t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ch\u1ed7 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u sau c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i nh\u01a1n ca ng\u1ee3i ch\u1ed7 h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ecfng theo ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n sau l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Hai l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 th\u1eafng th\u1eafng (h\u01a1n h\u01a1n). V\u00ec b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i tha hai d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n n\u00ean n\u00f3i h\u01a1n h\u01a1n hay h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n. Ba la y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n th\u1eafng hay \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia h\u1eb3n do b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n th\u1eafng. C\u1ee9 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i ch\u1ed7 h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n sau l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, ba la t\u0103ng y\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebf d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n t\u0103ng th\u1eafng hay Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u1eafng di\u1ec7u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n nh\u1ee9t th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 sa b\u00e0 ha d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y t\u00e1n th\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ba th\u00e2n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: t\u00e1n th\u00e1n Tam B\u1ea3o h\u01a1n h\u1ebft: 2 c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 2 c\u00e2u sau nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: <\/strong><\/p>\n(1) T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng: t\u00e2m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vua ra l\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh thi h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 8 th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0: nh\u00e3n, nh\u1ec9, t\u1ec9, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 6), m\u1ea1t na (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 7), A l\u1ea1i da (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
(2) T\u00e2m s\u1edf: t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 51 m\u00f3n: 5 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, 5 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh, 11 t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n, 6 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, 20 t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, 4 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (h\u1ed1i, mi\u00ean, t\u1ea7m, t\u01b0). Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c 8 th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\n
(3) Quang ph\u1ed5: \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ecfa chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
(4) D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c: t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u2013 A l\u1ea1i da \u2013 v\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p do th\u00e2n, mi\u1ec7ng, \u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
(5) S\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng: m\u1ed9t trong hai ch\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng. Do c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00e2n t\u00e2m lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00e0i T\u00e1n T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u00ean Tr\u1eafc so\u1ea1n B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch B\u1ea3o L\u1ea1c *** Nay gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c: 1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean 2. B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kinh 3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ee5c 4. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00ea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171764,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[63,60,61],"yoast_head":"\n
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